Editing Phoenix, Illinois

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Phoenix, Illinois
| official_name =
| native_name =
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| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of towns and villages in Illinois|Village]]
| image_skyline =
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| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Phoenix Illinois Seal.png
| etymology =
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| image_map = File:Cook County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Phoenix Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 260px
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Phoenix in Cook County, Illinois.
| pushpin_map = United States Chicago Greater#Illinois#USA
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label = Phoenix
| coordinates = {{coord|41|36|44|N|87|37|50|W|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
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| grid_name =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Illinois
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
| subdivision_type3 = Township
| subdivision_name3 = [[Thornton Township, Cook County, Illinois|Thornton]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| established_title = Founded
| established_date =
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| governing_body =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Terry Wells
| leader_title1 = Village president
| leader_name1 =
| total_type =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_17.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 1.20
| area_total_sq_mi = 0.46
| area_land_km2 = 1.20
| area_land_sq_mi = 0.46
| area_water_km2 = 0.00
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00
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| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1708
| pop_est_as_of =
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| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 1422.38
| population_density_sq_mi = 3681.03
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| timezone1 = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1 = -6
| timezone1_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST = -5
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| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code|ZIP Code(s)]]
| postal_code = 60426
| postal2_code_type =
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| area_code_type =
| area_code = 708
| geocode =
| iso_code =
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 17-59572
| blank1_name =
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| website = {{URL|www.villageofphoenix.org}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Phoenix''' is a village in [[Cook County, Illinois]], United States. The population was 1,708 at the 2020 census.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phoenix village, Illinois, Illinois profile |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1759572|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 24, 2022}}</ref> It is located approximately {{convert|19|mi}} south of the [[Chicago Loop]] in the [[Chicago metropolitan area]].

==History==
The development of Phoenix is closely tied to its larger neighbor, [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]]. Harvey was established as an industrial city with no [[bar (establishment)|saloons]]. Many of its early factories were located between the [[Illinois Central Railroad]] and Harvey's eastern boundary at Halsted Street. One local businessman, [[William McLatchy]], owned a large tract of land in an unincorporated area outside of Harvey. Soon, five saloons had opened in the area and a small housing subdivision known as Phenix Park was constructed during the 1890s.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Chicago">{{cite web | url = http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/966.html | title = Phoenix, IL | publisher = Encyclopedia of Chicago | access-date = July 29, 2009}}</ref> City leaders in Harvey, seeing businesses just outside their boundaries selling alcohol to local workers, sought to annex Phenix Park and render it "dry" or free of alcohol-related establishments. The residents of Phenix Park wanted to retain local control of their affairs as an independent village. On August 29, 1900, an election was held to determine the future status of the area. A total of 56 votes were cast with 38 (67.9%) voting in favor of incorporation and 18 (32.1%) against.<ref name="Village History"/> Despite legal challenges from Harvey, the result was upheld.

After incorporation, the name Phenix Park was changed to Phoenix. By 1910, the village had a population of 500, with most residents being of either [[Dutch people|Dutch]] or [[Polish people|Polish]] ancestry. The first [[African American]]s moved to Phoenix in 1915. Most came from Chicago and the [[Southern United States|South]]. Industry in Harvey and the railroads provided a strong employment base for Phoenix residents. The African American population steadily increased during the 1920s. By 1930, the village was home to 3,033 people. The demographic makeup of the community was 84.2% White, 15.1% Black, and 0.7% other.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Chicago"/> Growth continued through the 1940s and 1950s. New housing was constructed to accommodate this growth. The population in 1960 was 4,203. At this time, Phoenix had a diverse ethnic composition but the community was racially segregated. African Americans, comprising 65.3% of the population, lived in the northern portion of the village while Whites, forming 34.7% of the population, lived in the southern portion of Phoenix. In 1960, the municipal administration of Phoenix voted to de-annex the predominantly White portion of the village into Harvey. The exchange occurred in 1962 and with it, Phoenix lost one-third of its population as well as 60% of its tax base.<ref name="Village History"/>

By 1990, the population was 2,217.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Chicago"/>

On October 16, 1979, Phoenix Mayor William Hawkins was shot and fatally wounded in an ambush outside of his home.  He died two days later.<ref>"Ambushed Mayor of Suburb In Chicago Dies of Wounds", "Around the Nation", ''The New York Times'', October 19, 1979, p. A14</ref>  Bobby Joe Anderson, a city policeman, was indicted 13 years later for the crime and was convicted of first degree murder in the killing of Hawkins.<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/people-v-anderson-892 ''People of the State of Illinois v. Bobby Joe Anderson''], 653 N.E.2d 395 (Ill.App. Ct. 1995), CaseText.com</ref>

==Geography==
Phoenix is located at {{coord|41|36|44|N|87|37|50|W|type:city}} (41.612333, -87.630545)<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> in southern Cook County. The village is nestled between [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]] and [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]].<ref name="Village History">{{cite web | url = http://villageofphoenix.com/About/tabid/54/Default.aspx | title = History of Phoenix | publisher = Village of Phoenix | access-date = July 29, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091028132445/http://www.villageofphoenix.com/About/tabid/54/Default.aspx | archive-date = October 28, 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

According to the 2010 census, Phoenix has a total area of {{convert|0.45|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1759572
  |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1
  |access-date=December 25, 2015
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213064540/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1759572
  |archive-date=February 13, 2020
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

===Surrounding areas===
<div style= width:500px;">
:{{pad|14.4em}} [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]]
:{{pad|10em}} [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]] [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|30px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]]
:{{pad|9.8em}} [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]] [[Image:Left.svg|30px]] {{pad|1.5em}}[[Image:Right.svg|30px]] [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]]
:{{pad|10.1em}} [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]] [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|30px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]]
:{{pad|11.5em}} [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]] / [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]]
</div>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 679
|1920= 1933
|1930= 3033
|1940= 2875
|1950= 3606
|1960= 4203
|1970= 3596
|1980= 2850
|1990= 2217
|2000= 2157
|2010= 1964
|2020= 1708
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Phoenix village, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Phoenix village, Illinois|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=1600000US1759572&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name="2010CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Phoenix village, Illinois |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1759572&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name="2020CensusP2">{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Phoenix village, Illinois |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1759572&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|29
|28
|style='background: #ffffe6; |14
|1.34%
|1.43%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.82%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|2,009
|1,781
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,445
|93.14%
|90.68%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |84.60%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|5
|6
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7
|0.23%
|0.31%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.41%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|1
|3
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4
|0.05%
|0.15%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.23%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2
|0.00%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.12%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|4
|0
|style='background: #ffffe6; |13
|0.19%
|0.00%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.76%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|22
|30
|style='background: #ffffe6; |19
|1.02%
|1.53%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.11%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|87
|116
|style='background: #ffffe6; |204
|4.03%
|5.91%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |11.94%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''2,157'''
|'''1,964'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''1,708'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1759572 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> there were 1,708 people, 612 households, and 261 families residing in the village. The population density was {{Convert|3,681.03|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}. There were 825 housing units at an average density of {{Convert|1,778.02|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the village was 85.30% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.23% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.53% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.23% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.18% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 7.85% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.68% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 11.94% of the population.

There were 612 households, out of which 20.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 16.01% were married couples living together, 17.81% had a female householder with no husband present, and 57.35% were non-families. 54.58% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.04% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.62 and the average family size was 2.29.

The village's age distribution consisted of 17.8% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,455, and the median income for a family was $44,076. Males had a median income of $25,586 versus $30,313 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $20,421. About 26.4% of families and 29.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 32.4% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
Phoenix is in [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district]].

==Transportation==
[[Pace (transit)|Pace]] provides bus service on Route 348 connecting Phoenix to destinations across the [[Chicago Southland|Southland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtachicago.org/uploads/files/general/RTA-System-Map.pdf|title=RTA System Map|access-date=February 1, 2024}}</ref>

==Notable people==
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* [[Quinn Buckner]] (born 1954), former professional basketball player and coach. He was a childhood resident of Phoenix.<ref>{{cite news|last=Damer|first=Roy|title=Hoosiers nip Irish|date=December 12, 1975|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref>
* [[Kevin Duckworth]] (1964–2008), professional basketball player. He was a childhood resident of Phoenix.<ref>{{cite news|last=McAllister|first=Cal|title=Housing follows jobs to Phoenix|date=May 20, 1995|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref>
* [[Sam Mack]] (born 1970), former professional basketball player. He was a childhood resident of Phoenix.<ref>{{cite news|title=2 Iowa St. athletes charged in robbery|date=April 1, 1989|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]]}}</ref>
* [[Claude Steele]] (born 1946), psychologist. He was a childhood resident of Phoenix.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Wrong-Headed Scholar Who Said Obama Could Not Be Elected President|journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|location=[[New York City]]|issue=62|year=2009|pages=13–15}}</ref>
* [[Shelby Steele]] (born 1946), academic and recipient of the [[National Medal of the Humanities]]. He was a childhood resident of Phoenix.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clayton|first=Janet|title=Shelby Steele : Pushing All the Buttons: Equating Quotas With Goals|date=January 13, 1991|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-13-op-490-story.html}}</ref>
* [[Melvin Van Peebles]] (1932–2021), actor, filmmaker, playwright, novelist and composer. He was a childhood resident of Phoenix.<ref>{{cite interview|last=Van Peebles|first=Melvin|title=Artistic development, near-death experiences, and the power of persistence|interviewer=Lee Ann Norman|work=BOMB Magazine|access-date=July 30, 2021|url=https://bombmagazine.org/articles/melvin-van-peebles/}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://villageofphoenix.com/ Village of Phoenix official website]

{{Cook County, Illinois}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Cook County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Chicago metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1900]]
[[Category:1900 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Majority-minority cities and towns in Cook County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Villages in Illinois]]