Editing Petra Kelly

{{short description|Co-founder of the Green Party in Germany (1947–1992)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Petra Kelly
| image               = Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F065187-0014, Bonn, Pressekonferenz der Grünen, Bundestagswahl (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Kelly in 1983
| office              = Leader of [[Alliance '90/The Greens|The Greens]] in the [[Bundestag]]
| alongside           = [[Otto Schily]] and [[Marieluise Beck]]
| 1blankname          = {{nowrap|Chief Whip}}
| 1namedata           = [[Joschka Fischer]]
| term_start          = 29 March 1983
| term_end            = 3 April 1984
| predecessor         = ''Office established''
| successor           = Waltraud Schoppe
| office1             = Member of the [[Bundestag]] <br /> for [[Bavaria]]
| term_start1         = 6 March 1983
| term_end1           = 2 December 1990
| constituency1       = [[Electoral system of Germany|The Greens List]]
| party               = [[Alliance 90/The Greens|The Greens]]
| birth_name          = Petra Karin Lehmann
| birth_date          = 29 November 1947
| birth_place         = [[Günzburg]], [[Bavaria]], Germany
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1992|10|1|1947|11|29}}
| death_place         = [[Bonn]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany
| death_cause         = Murder by gunshot
| occupation          = Activist, politician
| awards              = [[Right Livelihood Award]]
| spouse              = 
| partner             = [[Gert Bastian]]
| website             = {{URL|petrakellystiftung.de}}
| signature           = 
| alma_mater          = [[American University]], [[University of Amsterdam]]
}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F065187-0022, Bonn, Pressekonferenz der Grünen, Bundestagswahl.jpg|thumb|Kelly and [[Otto Schily]] after the [[1983 West German federal election]]]]
[[File:Beuyskelly82Kempten.jpg|thumb|[[Joseph Beuys]] with Petra Kelly. Photographed by {{Interlanguage link|Rainer Rappmann|de}}]]
'''Petra Karin Kelly''' (29 November 1947 – {{circa}} 1 October 1992) was a German [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green]] politician and [[ecofeminist]] activist. She was a founding member of the [[German Green Party]], the first Green party to rise to prominence both nationally in Germany and worldwide. In 1982, she was awarded the [[Right Livelihood Award]] for "forging and implementing a new vision uniting ecological concerns with disarmament, social justice and human rights."

== Early life and education ==

Petra Karin Lehmann was born in [[Günzburg]], [[Bavaria]] in 1947. She changed her name to Kelly after her mother married John E. Kelly, a [[United States Army|US Army]] officer. She was educated in a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] convent in Günzburg and later attended school in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[Virginia]] after her family relocated to the United States in 1959. She lived and studied in the United States until her return to [[West Germany]] in 1970.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} She retained her West German citizenship throughout her life.

Kelly admired [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], and campaigned for [[Robert F. Kennedy]] and [[Hubert Humphrey]] in the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968 U.S. elections]]. She studied political science at the School of International Service at [[American University]] ([[Washington, D.C.]]), from which she graduated in 1970 with a bachelor's degree. She also graduated from the European Institute at the [[University of Amsterdam]] in 1971 with a master's degree.

== Career ==

While working at the [[European Commission]] ([[Brussels]], Belgium, 1971–83), Kelly participated in numerous peace and environmental campaigns in Germany and other countries.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

After working for two years at the [[European Commission]], she moved to an administrative post at the [[Economic and Social Committee]], where she championed [[women's rights]].<ref>Petra Kelly By Josh Kamrar</ref>

=== German Green Party ===

Kelly was one of the founders of ''Die Grünen'', the [[Alliance '90/The Greens|German Green Party]] in 1979. In 1983 she was elected to the [[Bundestag]] via the [[Electoral list]] as a Member of the [[Bundestag]] representing [[Bavaria]]. She was subsequently re-elected in 1987 with a higher share of the vote.

In 1981, Kelly was involved in a protest of 400,000 people in Bonn against nuclear weapons. In 1982, [[Gerhard Schröder]] wrote a contribution in ''[[Die Zeit]]'' for the book ''Prinzip Leben'', edited by Kelly and [[Jo Leinen]], which discussed ecological problems and a possible nuclear war.

In the same year, Kelly received the [[Right Livelihood Award]] "...for forging and implementing a new vision uniting ecological concerns with [[disarmament]], [[social justice]], and [[human rights]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rightlivelihood.org/kelly.html |title=The Right Livelihood Award recipient 1982 |publisher=rightlivelihood.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621133016/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/kelly.html |archive-date=21 June 2015 }}</ref>

On 12 May 1983, Kelly, [[Gert Bastian]] and three other Green Bundestag members unfurled a banner on [[Alexanderplatz]] in East Berlin, which said "''The Greens – [[Swords to ploughshares|Swords to Ploughshares]]".'' After being briefly arrested, they met with East German opposition parties. The East German authorities tolerated this since the West German Greens repudiated the [[NATO Double-Track Decision]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgokUVy4LJsC&pg=PA188|title=Kalter Krieg und heisser Frieden. Der Einfluss der SED und ihrer westdeutschen Verbündeten auf die Partei 'Die Grünen'|last=Baron|first=Udo|publisher=Lit Verlag|year=2003|isbn=3-8258-6108-2|page=188|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mdr.de/damals/archiv/artikel85588.html|title=Petra Kelly und Gert Bastian|website=MDR: Damals im Osten}}</ref> In October 1983, [[Erich Honecker]], the leader of the German Democratic Republic, met Petra Kelly, Gert Bastian and other Greens. Kelly wore a pullover with the words "Swords to Ploughshares" on it. She demanded the release of all prisoners of the East German peace movement and asked Honecker why he repressed something in the GDR which he supported in the West.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_xg7G9JtmUC&pg=PA247|title=Endspiel: Die Revolution von 1989 in der DDR|last=Kowalczuk|first=Ilko-Sascha|publisher=C.H. Beck|year=2009|isbn=978-3-406-58357-5|edition=2nd revised|location=Munich|page=247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boell.de/stiftung/archiv/archiv-2122.html|title=Das Petra-Kelly-Archiv|date=5 March 2008|website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung}}</ref>

Kelly wrote the book ''Fighting for Hope'' in 1984, published by [[South End Press]]. The book is an urgent call for a world free from violence between North and South, men and women, ourselves and our environment.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fighting for Hope |first=Petra |last=Kelly |publisher=South End Press |year=1984|isbn=0-89608-216-4 }}</ref>

In the final years of her life, Kelly became increasingly estranged from most of her party colleagues owing to the pragmatic turn taken by the Greens at the time, while she continued to oppose any alliance with traditional political parties.

== Death ==

On 19 October 1992, the decomposed bodies of Kelly and her partner, ex-general and Green politician [[Gert Bastian]] (born 1923), were discovered in the bedroom of her house in [[Bonn]] by police officials after they received a call from both Bastian's wife{{definition|date=October 2020}} and Kelly's grandmother who reported that they had not heard from either Bastian or Kelly for a few weeks. The police determined that Kelly was shot dead while sleeping by Bastian, who then died of suicide. She was 44, he was 69.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=Mother Jones |date= Jan–Feb 1993 |url=https://www.motherjones.com/news/outfront/1993/01/hertsgaard.html |title=Who Killed Petra Kelly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=People In Action |date=December 2004 |url=http://peopleinaction.com/board/2/689.html |title=The Death of Petra Kelly |access-date=7 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527122602/http://peopleinaction.com/board/2/689.html |archive-date=27 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The last time anyone heard from the couple was on 30 September 1992 when Kelly sent a parcel to her grandmother.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/what-killed-petra-kelly-they-had-been-heroes-of-our-time-she-was-like-a-modern-joan-of-arc-his-1559264.html|title=What killed Petra Kelly?|last=Hilton|first=Isabel|date=23 October 1992|newspaper=The Independent|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204044146/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/what-killed-petra-kelly-they-had-been-heroes-of-our-time-she-was-like-a-modern-joan-of-arc-his-1559264.html|archive-date=4 December 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref> Police estimated the deaths had most likely occurred on 1 October but the exact time of death could not be pinpointed owing to the delay in finding the bodies and their resultant state of decomposition.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalnonviolence.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419080631/http://www.globalnonviolence.org/docs/nonviolencespeaks/chapter12.pdf|url-status=dead|title=nonviolencespeaks/chapter12.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009}}</ref> Kelly was buried in the Waldfriedhof (forest cemetery) in [[Würzburg]], near the village of [[Heidingsfeld]] in [[Lower Franconia]], Bavaria.

== Honors ==

* 1982: [[Right Livelihood Award]]
*In 2006 Kelly was placed 45th in the UK [[Environment Agency]]'s all-time list of scientists, campaigners, writers, economists and naturalists who, in its view, have done the most to save the planet. Kelly was positioned between the tropical ecologist [[Mike Hands]] and the national parks visionary [[John Gordon Dower|John Dower]].<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Adam |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/nov/28/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment |title=Earthshakers: the top 100 green campaigners of all time |newspaper= The Guardian |date=28 November 2006}}</ref>

== Works ==

*Kelly, Petra K. ''Thinking Green! Essays on Environmentalism, Feminism, and Nonviolence'', Parallax Press, Berkeley, California, 1994 ({{ISBN|0-938077-62-7}})
*Kelly, Petra K. ''Nonviolence Speaks to Power'', [http://www.nonkilling.org/node/18 online book], almost complete text (also, out of print, published by Matsunaga Institute for Peace, University of Hawaii, 1992, {{ISBN|1-880309-05-X}})

== Portrayals ==

*''[[Happiness is a Warm Gun (film)|Happiness is a Warm Gun]]'', 2001 film by [[Thomas Imbach]]<ref>{{IMDb title|tt0272647|Happiness Is a Warm Gun}}</ref>
*''Petra'', 2020 novel by [[Shaena Lambert]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lambert|first=Shaena|title=Petra|publisher=Random House Canada|year=2020|isbn=978-0-7352-7957-5}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of peace activists]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Bevan, Ruth A. "Petra Kelly: The Other Green." ''New Political Science'' 23.2 (2001): 181–202.
* {{Cite journal | last = Mandel | first = Ernest | author-link = Ernest Mandel | title = Willy Brandt and Petra Kelly | journal = [[New Left Review]] | volume = I | issue = 196 | publisher = New Left Review | date = November–December 1992 | url = http://newleftreview.org/I/196/ernest-mandel-petra-kelly-and-willy-brandt }}
* Mellor, Mary. "Green politics: ecofeminist, ecofeminine or ecomasculine?." ''Environmental Politics'' 1.2 (1992): 229–251.
* Milder, Stephen. "Thinking globally, acting (trans-) locally: Petra Kelly and the transnational roots of West German green politics." ''Central European History'' 43.2 (2010): 301–326. [https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/rv042t88g online]
* {{Cite book | last = Parkin | first = Sara | author-link = Sara Parkin | title = The Life and Death of Petra Kelly | publisher = Rivers Oram Press/Pandora | year = 1995 | isbn = 0-04-440940-0 }}
* Port, Andrew I. ''Never Again: Germans and Genocide After the Holocaust'' (Cambridge, MA, 2023) pp. 128-137.
* Richter, Saskia. "Petra Kelly, International Green Leader: On biography and the peace movement as resources of power in West German politics, 1979–1983." ''German Politics and Society'' 33.4 (2015): 80–96.
** {{Cite book | last = Richter | first = Saskia | title = Die Aktivistin: Das Leben der Petra Kelly | year = 2010 | publisher = Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt | location = Munich | language = de | isbn = 978-3-421-04467-9 }}
* White, Brion. "Petra Kelly And Dorothy Day: Peace Activists Working Inside and Outside the Traditional Government Structure for Social Change." ''Journal for Peace and Justice Studies'' 23.2 (2013): 117–138.
* Wilsford, David, ed. ''Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe: A Biographical Dictionary'' (Greenwood, 1995) pp.&nbsp;230–236.

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|4395079|Petra Kelly}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110718191022/http://www.boell.de/alt/en/10_preise/1544.html Curriculum Vitae with picture]
*[http://www.artfilm.ch/happinessisawarmgun.php Happiness is a Warm Gun. Film on Petra Kelly's death] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126081044/https://www.artfilm.ch/happinessisawarmgun.php |date=26 January 2021 }}
*[https://rightlivelihood.org/the-change-makers/find-a-laureate/petra-kelly/ Right Livelihood Award website]
*[http://www.boell.de/foundation/archive/about-us-3975.html Petra Kelly Archives at the Heinrich Böll Foundation]
*[http://www.boell.de/foundation/awards/about-us-3979.html Petra Kelly Prize for human rights, ecology and non-violence]
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010xzzw BBC Radio 4 – Great Lives, Series 24, Petra Kelly], [http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/greatlives/greatlives_20110510-1645a.mp3 mp3-Audio] (30 mins, 13&nbsp;MB)
*[https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/living-marxism/no4-feb-1989.pdf#page=24 "The Trials of Petra Kelly"], interview 1989
{{Members of the 10th Bundestag}}{{Members of the 11th Bundestag}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Alliance 90/The Greens}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kelly, Petra}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Günzburg]]
[[Category:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Bundestag for Bavaria]]
[[Category:German Peace Society members]]
[[Category:Pacifist feminists]]
[[Category:American University School of International Service alumni]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:German environmentalists]]
[[Category:German women activists]]
[[Category:Ecofeminists]]
[[Category:German feminists]]
[[Category:German political writers]]
[[Category:Non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:German anti–nuclear weapons activists]]
[[Category:Hampton High School (Virginia) alumni]]
[[Category:Female members of the Bundestag]]
[[Category:Tibet freedom activists]]
[[Category:German political party founders]]
[[Category:German murder victims]]
[[Category:People murdered in Germany]]
[[Category:20th-century German women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century German essayists]]
[[Category:Members of the Bundestag for Alliance 90/The Greens]]
[[Category:Female murder victims]]