Editing Peru, Nebraska

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Peru, Nebraska
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Peru, Nebraska downtown 3.JPG
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Downtown Peru, 2011
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map = Nemaha County Nebraska Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Peru Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Peru, Nebraska
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Nebraska]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Nebraska|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Nemaha County, Nebraska|Nemaha]]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 18, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 1.36
|area_land_km2            = 1.36
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.53
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.53
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 648
|population_density_km2   = 475.78
|population_density_sq_mi = 1231.94

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 1027
|coordinates              = {{coord|40|28|43|N|95|43|53|W|region:US-NE|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 68421
|area_code                = [[Area code 402|402]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 31-38960<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2396191<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396191}}</ref>
|website                  = [http://www.perunebraska.org City website]
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
}}

'''Peru''' is a city in [[Nemaha County, Nebraska]], United States. The population was 648 at the [[United States Census, 2020|2020 census]]. [[Peru State College]] is located in Peru.

==History==
The first attempt to settle the community took place in 1853, by some residents of [[Peru, Illinois]]. However, troops from [[Fort Kearney|Fort Kearny]] forced them to leave because [[Nebraska Territory]] belonged to the [[Otoe tribe]]. The settlers then temporarily settled across the [[Missouri River]] at Sonora. In 1857, a community formed around a trading post called Mount Vernon on the bluffs above the river on the Nebraska side.<ref name=casde>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Peru -- Nemaha County |url=http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/counties/nemaha/peru/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919221522/http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/counties/nemaha/peru/ |archive-date=2016-09-19 |access-date=19 Jun 2023 |website=University of Nebraska-Lincoln}}</ref>

In 1857, settlers founded Peru down the hill from Mount Vernon directly on the Missouri River. In 1861, a [[Methodist]] school called Mount Vernon Academy opened.  In 1867, the school (which became [[Peru State College]]) became the state's first [[normal school]].<ref name=casde/>

Floods in the 1860s changed the course of the river, pushing it nearly a mile from Peru. An 1867 flood caused the Nebraska community of [[McKissick Island]], northeast of Peru, to be surrounded by Missouri land and precipitated a border dispute that would not be resolved until 1999.

==Geography==
Peru is located at {{coord|40.480055|-95.731286|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}} (40.480055, -95.731286).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>  According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|0.53|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-06-24|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archivedate=2012-01-25}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=right
|1880= 567
|1890= 624
|1900= 848
|1910= 950
|1920= 783
|1930= 835
|1940= 1024
|1950= 1265
|1960= 1151
|1970= 1380
|1980= 998
|1990= 1110
|2000= 569
|2010= 865
|2020= 648
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2012-06-24}}</ref> of 2010, there were 865 people, 225 households, and 99 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1632.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 285 housing units at an average density of {{convert|537.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 91.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 4.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.0% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 225 households, of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 56.0% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 21.4 years. 11.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 56.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 12.6% were from 25 to 44; 14.2% were from 45 to 64; and 4.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.3% male and 45.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 569 people, 246 households, and 132 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,060.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 290 housing units at an average density of {{convert|540.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.66% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.35% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.18% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.35% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.76% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.70% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.99% of the population.

There were 246 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.3% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.98.

The median age of the population was 29 years.  23.7% of the people were under the age of 18; 22.3% were between 18 and 24 years old; 23.6% were aged 25 through 44; 17.8% were 45 to 64 years old; and 12.7% were 65 or older.  In the total population, there were 103.9 males for every 100 females; among those aged 18 and over, there were 107.7 males for every 100 females.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $27,216, and the median income for a family was $39,875. Males had a median income of $28,125 versus $22,500 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,637. About 16.0% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.

==International relations==
In 2011, the city was selected by the [[Peru|Republic of Peru]] for its "[[Peru Brand|Marca Perú]]" campaign to promote [[Patriotism|national pride]].  A film crew and a number of Peruvian celebrities, including world surfing champion [[Sofia Mulanovich]], tenor [[Juan Diego Flórez]], [[Academy Award]] nominee [[Magaly Solier]], [[Huayno]] singer [[Dina Paucar]], and chef [[Gaston Acurio]] visited the city to film a documentary-style commercial.  Páucar, dressed in ethnic Peruvian costume, led a [[llama]] through the streets; [[Peruvian cuisine|Peruvian foods]] such as their national style of [[ceviche|cebiche]], and Peruvian soft drink [[Inca Kola]] were served at a street festival; the Peruvian surfing team performed on tarpaulins in a college parking lot; and an [[acute accent]] was painted over the "u" on the city's water tower.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elcomercio.pe/gastronomia/752933/noticia-documental-marca-peru-ustedes-son-peruanos-tienen-derecho-comer-rico |title=Documental Marca Peru |publisher=El Comercio, Peru |date=2011-05-05 |accessdate=2011-05-05|language=es}}</ref><ref>Gonzalez, Cindy.  [http://www.omaha.com/article/20110417/NEWS01/704179957/1101 "From one Peru to another".] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120911075429/http://www.omaha.com/article/20110417/NEWS01/704179957/1101 |date=2012-09-11 }}  [http://www.omaha.com/ ''Omaha World-Herald''.]  2011-04-17.  Retrieved 2011-05-07.</ref><ref>[http://www.anewspaper.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=842:activities-along-main-street-college-campus-included-in-peru-meets-peru-&catid=6:featured-articles "Activities Along Main Street, College Campus Included in Peru Meets Peru".]  [http://www.anewspaper.net/ ''Nemaha County Herald''.]  2011-04-22.  Retrieved 2011-05-07.</ref>

==Education==
[[Peru State College]], the first college in Nebraska, is located in Peru.

==Notable people==
* [[Herbert Brownell Jr.]], [[United States Attorney General]], was born in Peru.
* [[Samuel Gordon Daily]], [[United States Congress]], lived in Peru.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Peru, Nebraska}}
* [http://www.perunebraska.org City of Peru]

{{Nemaha County, Nebraska}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Nemaha County, Nebraska]]
[[Category:Cities in Nebraska]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1857]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in Nebraska Territory]]