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{{Short description|County and historic county in southwest Wales}} {{Good article}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Use British English|date=August 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Pembrokeshire | native_name = {{native name|cy|Sir Benfro}} | settlement_type = [[Principal areas of Wales|County]] | image_skyline = Tenby Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 3983172.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = In the centre of the image is a wide, curved harbour with a sandy beach and a grassy cliff to the right. There are small boats moored in the harbour, and above the dark harbour walls are many pastel-coloured houses. Rising behind them to the left is a small hill with a tower. | image_caption = [[Tenby]] in southeast Pembrokeshire | image_flag = Flag of Pembrokeshire.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | shield_link = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_link = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Pembrokeshire UK location map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Pembrokeshire shown within [[Wales]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|50|42|N|4|50|32|W|region:GB_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]] | subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Wales]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Wales|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Preserved counties of Wales|Preserved county]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Dyfed]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = Incorporated | established_date = [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994|1 April 1996]] | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | named_for = | seat_type = Administrative{{nbsp}}HQ | seat = [[Haverfordwest]] | parts_type = | parts = <!-- Government --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="Council leadership"/> | government_type = [[Local government in Wales#Principal councils|Principal council]] | governing_body = [[Pembrokeshire County Council]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Control]] | leader_name1 = {{UK council control|GSS=W06000009}} | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MPs]] | leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title=2 MPs |[[Ben Lake]] ([[Plaid Cymru|PC]]) |[[Henry Tufnell (Welsh politician)|Henry Tufnell]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]]) }} | leader_title4 = [[Member of the Senedd|MSs]] | leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list |title=2 MSs |[[Paul Davies (Conservative politician)|Paul Davies]] ([[Welsh Conservatives|C]]) |[[Samuel Kurtz]] ([[Welsh Conservatives|C]]) }} +4 [[Mid and West Wales (Senedd electoral region)|regional members]] <!-- Area --> <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> | area_footnotes = <ref name="popstats">{{UK subdivision statistics citation}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = {{UK subdivision area|GSS=W06000009}} | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_rank = [[List of Welsh principal areas|{{Welsh council area rank|GSS=W06000009}}]] <!-- Population --> | population_footnotes = <ref name="popstats"/> | population_as_of = {{UK subdivision statistics year}} | population_total = {{UK subdivision population|GSS=W06000009}} | population_rank = [[List of Welsh principal areas|{{Welsh council population rank|GSS=W06000009}}]] | population_density_km2 = {{UK subdivision density|GSS=W06000009}} | population_demonym = <!-- demographics (section 1) --> | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = <!-- demographics (section 2) --> | demographics_type2 = [[Welsh language]] <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span> | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="ONSJan2023"/> | demographics2_title1 = Speakers | demographics2_info1 = 17.2% | demographics2_title2 = Rank | demographics2_info2 = [[List of Welsh principal areas by percentage Welsh language|8th]] | timezone1 = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset1 = +0 | timezone1_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +1 <!-- Codes --> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]] | postal_code = | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|Dialling codes]] | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|GB-PEM]] | blank1_name = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]] | blank1_info = W06000009 | website = {{URL|pembrokeshire.gov.uk}} }} '''Pembrokeshire''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɛ|m|b|r|ʊ|k|ʃ|ɪər|,_|-|ʃ|ər}} {{respell|PEM|bruuk|sheer|,_-|shər}}; {{langx|cy|Sir Benfro}} {{IPA|cy|siːr ˈbɛnvrɔ|}}) is a [[Principal areas of Wales|county]] in the [[South West Wales|south-west]] of [[Wales]]. It is bordered by [[Carmarthenshire]] to the east, [[Ceredigion]] to the northeast, and otherwise by the sea.{{NoteTag|Clockwise from [[Carmarthen Bay]]: [[Bristol Channel]], [[Celtic Sea]]/[[Atlantic Ocean]], [[St George's Channel]]/[[Irish Sea]]. There are no clearly-defined boundaries between these bodies of water.}} [[Haverfordwest]] is the largest town and administrative headquarters of [[Pembrokeshire County Council]]. The county is generally sparsely populated and rural, with an area of {{Convert|610|sqmi|km2}} and a population of 123,400. After Haverfordwest, the largest settlements are [[Milford Haven]] (13,907), [[Pembroke Dock]] (9,753), and [[Pembroke, Pembrokeshire|Pembroke]] (7,552). [[St Davids]] (1,841) is a city, the smallest by population in the UK. [[Welsh language|Welsh]] is spoken by 17.2 percent of the population, and for [[Landsker Line|historic reasons]] is more widely spoken in the north of the county than in the south. Pembrokeshire's coast is its most dramatic geographic feature, created by the complex geology of the area. It is a varied landscape which includes high sea cliffs, wide sandy beaches, the large natural harbour of Milford Haven, and several offshore islands which are home to seabird colonies. Most of it is protected by [[Pembrokeshire Coast National Park]], and can be hiked on the {{convert|190|mi|adj=on}} [[Pembrokeshire Coast Path]]. The interior of Pembrokeshire is relatively flat and gently undulating, with the exception of the [[Preseli Mountains]] in the north. There are many prehistoric sites in Pembrokeshire, particularly in the Preseli Mountains. During the Middle Ages several castles were built by the Normans, such as [[Pembroke Castle|Pembroke]] and [[Cilgerran Castle|Cilgerran]], and [[St Davids Cathedral|St David's Cathedral]] became an important pilgrimage site. During the [[Industrial Revolution]] the county remained relatively rural, with the exception of Milford Haven, which was developed as a port and [[Royal Navy]] [[Royal Navy Dockyard|dockyard]]. It is now the UK's third-largest port, primarily because of its two [[liquefied natural gas]] terminals. The economy of the county is now focused on agriculture, oil and gas, and tourism. ==Settlements== :''See [[List of places in Pembrokeshire]] for a comprehensive list of settlements in Pembrokeshire.'' The county town is Haverfordwest. Other towns include Pembroke, Pembroke Dock, Milford Haven, [[Fishguard]], [[Tenby]], [[Narberth, Pembrokeshire|Narberth]], [[Neyland]] and [[Newport, Pembrokeshire|Newport]]. In the west of the county, St Davids is the United Kingdom's [[List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom|smallest city]] in terms of both size and population (1,841 in 2011). [[Saundersfoot]] is the most populous village (more than 2,500 inhabitants)<ref name="UKCensus2011Saunders"/> in Pembrokeshire. Less than 4 per cent of the county, according to [[Coordination of Information on the Environment|CORINE]], is built-on or green urban.<ref name="BBCNews9Nov2017"/> ==Geography== ===Climate=== {{climate chart |Milford Haven |3.1|8.5|115.4 |2.8|8|90 |3.8|9.7|87 |5|12|61 |7|15|52 |10|17|67 |12|20|53 |12|19|93 |10|17|102 |8|14|131 |5.3|11|130 |5|9.5|126.4 |source=[https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gchqhvphc The Met Office] |float=right }} There are three weather stations in Pembrokeshire: at Tenby, Milford Haven and [[Penycwm]], all on the coast. Milford Haven enjoys a mild climate and Tenby shows a similar range of temperatures throughout the year,<ref name="MetOfficeTenby"/> while at Penycwm, on the west coast and 100m above sea level, temperatures are slightly lower.<ref name="MetOfficePenycwm"/> The county has on average the highest coastal winter temperatures in Wales due to its proximity to the relatively warm Atlantic Ocean. Inland, average temperatures tend to fall 0.5 °C for each 100 metres increase in height.<ref name="MetOffClimate"/> The air pollution rating of Pembrokeshire is "Good", the lowest rating.<ref name="BBCNews10Jan2018"/> ===Geology=== The rocks in the county were formed between 600 and 290 million years ago. More recent rock formations were eroded when sea levels rose 80 million years ago, at the end of the [[Cretaceous Period]]. Around 60 million years ago, the Pembrokeshire landmass emerged through a combination of uplift and falling sea levels; the youngest rocks, from the [[Carboniferous Period]], contain the [[Pembrokeshire Coalfield]].<ref name="PVMCoal"/> The landscape was subject to considerable change as a result of ice ages; about 20,000 years ago the area was scraped clean of soil and vegetation by the ice sheet; subsequently, meltwater deepened the existing river valleys.<ref name="PVMGeology"/><ref name="HowellsGeoHistPembs"/> While Pembrokeshire is not usually a seismically active area, in August 1892 there was a series of pronounced activities (maximum intensity: 7) over a six-day period.<ref name="Davison1924"/>{{rp|184}} ===Coastline and landscape=== [[File:Pembrokeshire Coast National Park UK location map.svg|thumb|alt=map of area of national park in the county|Pembrokeshire Coast National Park shown in green]] The Pembrokeshire coastline includes numerous bays and sandy beaches. The [[Pembrokeshire Coast National Park]], the only park in the UK established primarily because of its coastline,<ref name="VWExploring"/><ref name="NatGeo2Nov2017"/> occupies more than a third of the county. The park contains the [[Pembrokeshire Coast Path]], a near-continuous {{convert|186|mi|adj=on}} [[long-distance trail]] from [[Amroth, Pembrokeshire|Amroth]], by the Carmarthenshire border in the southeast, to [[St Dogmaels]] just down the [[River Teifi]] [[estuary]] from [[Cardigan, Ceredigion]], in the north.<ref name="NTPembsCoastPath"/> The [[National Trust]] owns {{convert|60|mi}} of Pembrokeshire's coast.<ref name="BBCNews27Jan2018"/> Nowhere in the county is more than {{convert|10|mi}} from tidal water. The large estuary and natural harbour of [[Milford Haven (harbour)|Milford Haven]] cuts deep into the coast; this inlet is formed by the [[confluence]] of the Western [[River Cleddau|Cleddau]] (which flows through Haverfordwest), the Eastern Cleddau, and rivers Cresswell<ref name="PCNPACresswell"/> and Carew. Since 1975, the estuary has been bridged by the [[Cleddau Bridge]],<ref name="Hansard8Dec1994"/> a toll bridge carrying the [[A477 road|A477]] between Neyland and Pembroke Dock. Large bays are Newport Bay, Fishguard Bay, [[St Bride's Bay]] and western [[Carmarthen Bay]]. There are several small islands off the Pembrokeshire coast, the largest of which are [[Ramsey Island|Ramsey]], [[Grassholm Island|Grassholm]], [[Skokholm Island|Skokholm]], [[Skomer Island|Skomer]] and [[Caldey Island|Caldey]].<ref name="PCNPAIslands"/> The seas around Skomer and Skokholm, and some other areas off the Pembrokeshire coast are [[Marine protected area]]s.<ref name="DEFRAIslands"/> There are many known shipwrecks off the Pembrokeshire coast with many more undiscovered.<ref name="BBCNews26Oct2014"/><ref name="DiveWrecks"/> A [[Viking]] wreck off [[Smalls Lighthouse|The Smalls]] has protected status.<ref name="WO6Jan2018"/> The county has five [[List of RNLI stations#Wales,_West_&_Isle_of_Man_Region|lifeboat stations]], the earliest of which, [[Fishguard Lifeboat Station|at Fishguard]], was established in 1822; in 2015 a quarter of all [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] Welsh rescues took place off the Pembrokeshire coast.<ref name="MM27Jan2016"/> [[File:View from Carn Menyn eastwards towards Foel Drigarn and Y Frenni 2011.jpg|thumb|alt=grey stone blocks in the foreground and hills in the background|View from the bluestone quarry to other peaks in the Preselis]] Pembrokeshire's diverse range of geological features was a key factor in the establishment of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and a number of sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs).<ref name="PCNPAGeology"/> In the north of the county are the Preseli Mountains, a wide stretch of high [[moorland]] supporting sheep farming and some forestry, with many [[prehistoric]] sites and the probable source of the [[bluestone]]s used in the construction of the inner circle of [[Stonehenge]] in England.<ref name="DATPreseli"/> The highest point is [[Foel Cwmcerwyn]] at {{convert|1759|ft|m}}, which is also the highest point in Pembrokeshire. Elsewhere in the county most of the land (86 per cent according to [[CORINE]]) is used for farming, compared with 60 per cent for Wales as a whole.<ref name="BBCNews9Nov2017"/> ===Biodiversity=== Pembrokeshire's wildlife is diverse, with marine, estuary, woodland, moorland and farmland habitats.<ref name="WWPembs"/><ref name="Guardian10Jul2012"/> The county has a number of seasonal seabird breeding sites, including for [[razorbill]], [[guillemot]], [[puffin]] and [[Manx shearwater]],<ref name="PCNPASeabirds"/> and rare endemic species such as the [[red-billed chough]];<ref name="Madge1994"/>{{rp|133–135}} Grassholm has a large gannet colony.<ref name="VPGrassholm"/> Seals,<ref name="VPSeals"/> several species of whales (including rare [[humpback whale]] sightings<ref name="BBCNews14Aug2021"/><ref name="BBCNews20Jan2024"/>), dolphins and porpoises can be seen off the Pembrokeshire coast; whale-watching boat trips are frequent, particularly during the summer months.<ref name="VPWhales"/> An appeal for otter sightings in 2014 yielded more than 100 responses,<ref name="BBCNews17Jun2014"/> and a rare visit by a walrus occurred in the spring of 2021.<ref name="BBCNews20Mar2021"/> Pembrokeshire is one of the few places in the UK that is home to the rare Southern damselfly, ''[[Coenagrion mercuriale]]'', which is found at several locations in the county, and whose numbers have been boosted by conservation work over a number of years.<ref name="BBCNews24Sep2020"/> Ancient woodland still exists, such as [[Tŷ Canol Wood]], where [[Fluorescence#In_nature|biofluorescence]], seen under [[ultraviolet]] light under the dark sky, is a feature that has led to the wood being described as "...one of the most magical and special woodlands in the UK."<ref name="BBCNews17Feb2024"/> The [[Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales]] is in the process of restoring a lost [[temperate rainforest]], also known as a Celtic forest, in Trellwyn Fach, near the town of [[Fishguard]].<ref name="BBCNews6Sep2024"/> Although temperate rainforests once covered much of western Britain's coasts, they were destroyed over centuries and only remain in fragments.<ref name="WTrust15Jul2024"/> The {{Convert|59|ha|acre|adj=on}} site will connect with remnants of the remaining rainforest in the [[Cwm Gwaun|Gwaun valley]].<ref name="FoJo15Jul2024"/> The project is part of a larger, 100-year Atlantic rainforest recovery programme.<ref name="TimeOut16Jul2024"/> ==History== {{main|History of Pembrokeshire}} [[Image:Pentre Ifan burial chamber - geograph.org.uk - 384085.jpg|thumb|alt=exterior view of prehistoric structure|[[Pentre Ifan]] neolithic burial chamber]] Human habitation in what is now Pembrokeshire dates back to between 125,000 and 70,000 years ago,<ref name="Davies1994"/>{{rp|3}} with prominent prehistoric sites including [[Pentre Ifan]] and other [[Neolithic]] remains. Aerial surveys during the 2018 heatwave revealed many previously unrecorded sites,<ref name="BBCNews28Dec2018"/> and in the same year, Wales’s first known Celtic chariot burial was discovered in [[Llanstadwell]].<ref name="BBCNews31Jan2019"/><ref name="BBCNews26Jun2019"/> Roman influence was limited; although a few forts, coins, and roads have been found,<ref name="DATWiston"/><ref name="BBCNews2Aug2024"/> much of the area remained beyond sustained Roman control. In the sub-Roman period, the Irish [[Déisi]] settled and merged with local populations, forming the [[Kingdom of Dyfed]], which became part of [[Deheubarth]] in the 10th century. The region saw Viking raids and limited settlement.<ref name="Davies1994"/>{{rp|81–85}} Normans and Flemings arrived between 1067 and 1111, building castles such as [[Pembroke Castle]] and transforming Dyfed into the county of Pembroke.<ref name="Davies1994"/>{{rp|98}} Although Norman control was contested by Welsh rulers including [[The Lord Rhys]] and [[Llywelyn the Great]], it endured in many parts of the region. Pembrokeshire was declared a county palatine in 1138 and saw a wave of [[Flemish settlement in Pembrokeshire|Flemish settlement]].<ref name="Laws1888"/>{{rp|107}} In 1485, Henry Tudor had launched his campaign from Pembroke, ultimately becoming [[Henry VII of England]].<ref name="Davies2000"/>{{rp|337–379}} The [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542]] later reorganised it into seven [[Hundred (county division)|hundreds]], aligning it with the English shire system. The county supported Parliament in the English Civil Wars, with [[Oliver Cromwell]] besieging Pembroke in 1648 following a local mutiny. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pembrokeshire remained largely agricultural, with modest urban centres and limited industrial growth. The [[Battle of Fishguard]] in 1797 marked the last invasion of Britain, ending in French surrender. Poor relief and infrastructure remained key concerns, with water supply improved only later in the century.<ref name="PH14Apr1882"/> In the 20th century, military use of the county intensified, particularly during the world wars: a naval base at [[Milford Haven]], multiple airfields, D-Day training by U.S. forces,<ref name="BBCNews22Oct2019"/> and accommodation of German POWs all featured. Pembrokeshire’s wartime casualties are commemorated at the [[County of Pembroke War Memorial]].<ref name="WarMem"/> After 1945, modern development included the construction of the [[Llys y Fran]] reservoir (1972), with the local economy later benefiting from tourism, agriculture, and energy infrastructure. ==Demography== [[File:Welsh speakers in the 2011 census Pembrokeshire.png|right|thumb|alt=Graphic showing the proportion of Welsh speakers throughout Wales in 2011|Proportion of Welsh speakers (Wales 2011 census) in Pembrokeshire (county border shown by white line)]] ===Population=== Pembrokeshire's population was 122,439 at the 2011 census,<ref name="UKCensusData"/> increasing marginally to 123,400 at the 2021 census. 66.4 per cent of residents were born in Wales, while 27.5 per cent were born in England.<ref name="Census2021"/> ===Language=== The 2021 census recorded that Welsh is spoken by 17.2 per cent of the population, a fall from 19.2 per cent in 2011.<ref name="Census2021"/> As a result of differential immigration over hundreds of years, such as the influx of Flemish people,<ref name="BBCLegaciesFlemish"/> the south of the county has fewer Welsh-speaking inhabitants (about 15 per cent) than the north (about 50 per cent). The rough line that can be drawn between the two regions, illustrated by the map, is known as the [[Landsker Line]], and the area south of the line has been termed "[[Little England Beyond Wales]]". The first objective, statistically based description of this demarcation was made in the 1960s,<ref name="John1972"/>{{rp|7–29}} but the distinction was remarked upon as early as 1603 by [[George Owen of Henllys]].<ref name="Owen1994"/> A 21st century introduction of Welsh place names for villages which had previously been known locally only by their English names has caused some controversy.<ref name="WT26Jun2018"/> ===Religion=== In 1851, a religious census of Pembrokeshire showed that of 70 per cent of the population, 53 per cent were [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|nonconformist]]s and 17 per cent Church of England (now [[Church in Wales]], in the [[Diocese of St Davids]]).<ref name="Jones2017"/> The 2001 census for Preseli Pembrokeshire constituency showed that 74 per cent were Christian and 25 per cent of no religion (or not stated), with other religions totalling less than 1 per cent. This approximated to the figures for the whole of Wales.<ref name="UKcensus2011Preseli"/> By 2021, 43 per cent reported "no religion", while 48.8 per cent described themselves as Christian. 6.6 per cent did not state their religion, and the remainder represented a number of other religions combined.<ref name="Census2021"/> ===Ethnicity=== In 2001, Preseli Pembrokeshire constituency was 99 per cent white European, marginally lower than in 1991, compared with 98 per cent for the whole of Wales. 71 per cent identified their place of birth as Wales and 26 per cent as from elsewhere in the UK.<ref name="UKcensus2011Preseli"/> In 2021, 52.7 per cent of residents identified as "Welsh only", a slight decrease since 2011.<ref name="Census2021"/> ==Governance, politics and public services== {{multiple image | width = | image1 = Haverfordwest Shire Hall (geograph 4296466).jpg | alt1 = Haverfordwest Shire Hall | image2 = Pembrokeshire County Hall (east front).jpg | alt2 = Pembrokeshire County Hall | footer = The [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]] (left) and [[County Hall, Haverfordwest]] (right). | total_width = 400 }} Under the [[Local Government Act 1888]], an elected [[Pembrokeshire County Council, 1889-1974|county council]] was set up to take over the functions of the Pembrokeshire [[Quarter Sessions]]. It was based at the [[Shire Hall, Haverfordwest]].<ref>{{NHAW|num=12110|desc= The Shire Hall|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> This and the administrative county of Pembrokeshire were abolished under the [[Local Government Act 1972]], with Pembrokeshire forming two districts of the new county of [[Dyfed]]: [[South Pembrokeshire]] and [[Preseli Pembrokeshire|Preseli]] – the split being made at the request of local authorities in the area. Under the same Act, [[civil parish]]es<ref name="OS1909"/> were replaced by [[Community (Wales)|communities]] across the whole of Wales.<ref name="Wood1976"/><ref name="LGA1972"/> In 1996, under the [[Local Government (Wales) Act 1994]], the county of Dyfed was broken up into its constituent parts, and Pembrokeshire has been a [[unitary authority]] since then.<ref name="Hansard23Jun2009"/> A new [[County Hall, Haverfordwest|County Hall]] was built in 1999 in Haverfordwest and serves as the county council's headquarters. In 2017 [[Pembrokeshire County Council]] had 60 members and no political party in overall control; there were 34 [[Independent (politician)|independent]] councillors.<ref name="PCCCouncillors"/> In 2009, the question of county names and [[Royal Mail]] postal addresses was raised in the Westminster parliament; it was argued that Royal Mail's continued use of the county address Dyfed was causing concern and confusion in the Pembrokeshire business community.<ref name="Hansard23Jun2009"/> The Royal Mail subsequently ceased requiring county names to be used in postal addresses. In 2018, Pembrokeshire County Council increased [[council tax]] by 12.5 per cent, the largest increase since 2004, but the county's council tax remains the lowest in Wales.<ref name="BBCNews26Sep2018"/> In 2023 the council published its corporate strategy document for 2023-28.<ref name="PCCcorpstrat"/> The Pembrokeshire (Communities) Order 2011 established the most recent arrangement of [[Community (Wales)|communities]] (the successors to civil parishes) in the county which have their own councils; see the foot of this page for a list of communities.<ref name="NAPCO2011"/> From 2010 to 2024, Pembrokeshire returned two [[Welsh Conservatives|Conservative]] MPs to the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] at Westminster: [[Stephen Crabb]] for [[Preseli Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Preseli Pembrokeshire]] and [[Simon Hart]] for [[Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Pembrokeshire]] which is represented jointly with West Carmarthenshire.<ref name="BBCNews7May2010"/> The corresponding [[Member of the Senedd|Members of the Senedd]] (MSs) returned to the [[Senedd]] (Welsh Parliament) in Cardiff are [[Paul Davies (Welsh politician)|Paul Davies]] and [[Samuel Kurtz]] respectively, both Conservatives.<ref name="WO6May2016"/> [[File:2024 Wales Pembrokeshire Constituencies map.svg|thumb|150x150px|The two UK parliament constituencies covering Pembrokeshire (in pink) from 2024. 1 = [[Mid and South Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid and South Pembrokeshire]], 2 = [[Ceredigion Preseli (UK Parliament constituency)|Ceredigion Preseli]].]] From 2024, Pembrokeshire was represented by the new UK Parliament constituencies [[Ceredigion Preseli (UK Parliament constituency)|Ceredigion Preseli]] and [[Mid and South Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Mid and South Pembrokeshire]]<ref name="ParlReview2023"/> which, in the [[2024 General Election]], returned [[Ben Lake]] ([[Plaid Cymru]])<ref name="parliament"/> and [[Henry Tufnell (Welsh politician)|Henry Tufnell]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]])<ref name="WO5Jul2024"/> respectively. Pembrokeshire is served by the [[Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service]]<ref name="MAWWFire"/> and [[Dyfed-Powys Police]].<ref name="DPPolice"/> ==Transport== [[Image:Cleddau_bridge1.jpg|thumb|alt=modern bridge spanning a broad river|[[Cleddau Bridge]]]] There are no motorways in Pembrokeshire; the nearest is the [[M4 motorway]] from London which terminates at the [[Pont Abraham services]] in Carmarthenshire some {{convert|46|mi}} from Haverfordwest. The [[A40 road|A40]] crosses Pembrokeshire from the border with Carmarthenshire westwards to Haverfordwest, then northwards to Fishguard.<ref name="BingMaps"/> The [[A477 road|A477]] from [[St. Clears]] to Pembroke Dock is {{convert|24|mi}} long, of which only {{convert|2|mi}} are dual carriageway. The [[Cleddau Bridge]], toll-free from 28 March 2019,<ref name="BBCNews28Mar2019"/> carries the A477 across the [[River Cleddau|Cleddau Estuary]]. The [[A478 road|A478]] traverses eastern Pembrokeshire from Tenby in the south to [[Cardigan, Ceredigion]] in the north, a distance of {{convert|30|mi}}. The [[A487 road|A487]] is the other major route, running northwest from Haverfordwest to St Davids, then northeast following the coast, through Fishguard and Newport, to the boundary with Ceredigion at Cardigan.<ref name="BingMaps"/> Owing to length restrictions in Fishguard, some freight vehicles are not permitted to travel northeast from Fishguard but must take a longer route via Haverfordwest and Narberth.<ref name="WT27Jun2010"/> The [[B4329 road|B4329]] former turnpike runs from [[Eglwyswrw]] in the north to Haverfordwest across the Preselis.<ref name="OS145_157_158"/> The main towns in the county are covered by regular bus and train services operated by [[First Cymru]] (under their "Western Welsh" livery), [[Transport for Wales Rail]] and sometimes [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] respectively, and many villages by local bus services, or community or education transport.<ref name="PCCPublicTransport"/> Pembrokeshire is served by rail via the [[West Wales Lines]] from [[Swansea railway station|Swansea]]. Direct trains from [[Milford Haven railway station|Milford Haven]] run to [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester Piccadilly]]. Branch lines terminate at [[Pembroke Dock railway station|Pembroke Dock]], Milford Haven and [[Fishguard Harbour railway station|Fishguard]], linking with ferries to Ireland from Pembroke Dock and Fishguard.<ref name="TFWRouteMap"/> Seasonal ferry services operate from Tenby to Caldey Island,<ref name="TGCaldeyFerry"/> from St Justinians (St Davids) to Ramsey Island<ref name="VPRamseyFerry"/> and Grassholm Island,<ref name="VPGrassholmFerry"/> and from [[Martin's Haven]] to Skomer Island.<ref name="VPSkomerFerry"/> [[Haverfordwest Airport|Haverfordwest (Withybush) Airport]] provides [[general aviation]] services.<ref name="NATSHaverfordwest"/> ==Economy== Pembrokeshire's economy now relies heavily on tourism; agriculture, once its most important industry with associated activities such as milling, is still significant. Mining of slate and coal had largely ceased by the 20th century. Since the 1950s, [[petrochemical]] and [[liquid natural gas]] industries have developed along the [[Milford Haven Waterway]] and the county has attracted other major ventures. In 2016, [[Stephen Crabb]], then [[Secretary of State for Wales|Welsh Secretary]], commented in a government press release: ''"...with a buoyant local economy, Pembrokeshire is punching above its weight across the UK."''<ref name="GovUK18Mar2016"/> In August 2019, the Pembrokeshire County Show celebrated 60 years at Haverfordwest Showground. The organisers anticipated 100,000 visitors, the largest three-day such event in Wales at the time. It showcased agriculture, food and drink, a rugby club, entertainment, with the star attraction a motorcycle display team.<ref name="WT13Aug2019"/> ===Agriculture=== Until the 12th century, a great extent of Pembrokeshire was virgin woodland. Clearance in the lowland south began under Anglo-Flemish colonisation and under mediaeval tenancies in other areas. Such was the extent of development that by the 16th century there was a shortage of timber in the county. Little is known about mediaeval farming methods, but much arable land was continuously cropped and only occasionally ploughed. By the 18th century, many of the centuries-old open field systems had been [[enclosure|enclosed]], and much of the land was arable or rough pasture in a ratio of about 1:3.<ref name="GENUKIFarming1580"/> [[File:Solva Mill (3962).jpg|thumb|left|120px|alt=Solva Woollen Mill|Solva Woollen Mill]] Kelly's Directory of 1910 gave a snapshot of the agriculture of Pembrokeshire: {{convert|57343|acre}} were cropped (almost half under oats and a quarter barley), there were {{convert|37535|acre}} of grass and clover and {{convert|213387|acre}} of permanent pasture (of which a third was for hay). There were {{convert|128865|acre}} of mountain or heathland used for grazing, with {{convert|10000|acre}} of managed or unmanaged woodland. Estimates of livestock included 17,810 horses, 92,386 cattle, 157,973 sheep and 31,673 pigs. Of 5,981 agricultural holdings, more than half were between 5 and 50 acres.<ref name="GENUKIAgriStats1908"/> Pembrokeshire had a flourishing [[Wool industry in Wales|wool industry]].<ref name="WoollenMills2013"/> There are still working woollen mills at [[Solva Woollen Mill|Solva]] and [[Melin Tregwynt|Tregwynt]].<ref name="WMSMillsOpen"/> One of the last few watermills in Wales producing flour is in [[St Dogmaels]].<ref name="TA11Feb2019"/> Pembrokeshire has good soil and benefits from the [[Gulf Stream]], which provides a mild climate and a longer growing season than other parts of Wales.<ref name="Davies1995"/>{{rp|142}} Pembrokeshire's mild climate means that crops such as its new potatoes (which have [[List of United Kingdom food and drink products with protected status|protected geographical status]] under European law)<ref name="BBCNews4Dec2013"/> often arrive in British shops earlier in the year than produce from other parts of the UK. Other principal arable crops are [[rapeseed|oilseed rape]], [[wheat]] and [[barley]], while the main non-arable activities are dairy farming for milk and cheese, beef production and sheep farming.<ref name="PVMFarming"/> The county lends its name to the [[Pembroke Welsh Corgi]], a herding dog whose lineage can be traced back to the 12th century,<ref name="Wheeler2010"/>{{rp|6}} but which in 2015 was designated as a "vulnerable" breed.<ref name="DT8Feb2015"/> Since 2006, Pembrokeshire Local Action Network for Enterprise and Development (PLANED) has provided a forum to promote an integrated approach to rural development, in which communities, public sector and voluntary partners and specialist interest groups come together to influence policy and promote projects aimed at sustainable agriculture. Sub-groups include promoting food and farming in schools and shortening supply chains.<ref name="PLANEDSustAgri"/> ===Fishing=== [[File:Milford Marina2.jpg|thumb|Milford Haven dock, 2009]] With Pembrokeshire's extensive coastal areas and tidal river estuaries, fishing was an important industry at least from the 16th century. Many ports and villages were dependent on the fishing.<ref name="PVMfish"/> The former large [[Commercial fishing|sea fishing]] industry around Milford Haven is now greatly reduced, although limited commercial fishing still takes place. At its peak, Milford was landing over 40,000 tons of fish a year.<ref name="PVMfish"/> [[Pembrokeshire Fish Week]] is a biennial event<ref name="WO3Jun2014"/> which in 2014 attracted 31,000 visitors and generated £3 million for the local economy.<ref name="WO28Nov2014"/> ===Mining=== [[Slate industry in Wales|Slate quarrying]] was a significant industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries with quarrying taking place at about 100 locations throughout the county.<ref name="Tucker1983"/> Over 50 coal workings in the [[Pembrokeshire Coalfield]] were in existence between the 14th and 20th centuries,<ref name="GENUKICoal"/> with the last coal mine, at [[Kilgetty]], closing in 1950.<ref name="PVMCoal"/><ref name="BBCNews14Feb2019"/> Pembrokeshire has 61 disused coal tips; only one of these is in Category C (carrying a potential safety risk), but its location has not been disclosed.<ref name="BBCNews26Oct2021"/> ===Oil, gas and renewable energy=== [[Image:Pembroke Power Station-Geograph-3601523-by-David-Medcalf.jpg|thumb|right|alt=View of power Station|Pembroke Power Station in 2013]] There are two oil refineries, two [[liquified natural gas]] (LNG) terminals and the 2,000 [[Megawatt|MW]] gas-fired [[Pembroke Power Station]] (opened in 2012) at Milford Haven. The LNG terminals on the north side of the river, just outside [[Milford Haven]] were opened in 2008;<ref name="BBCNews19Mar2009"/> a {{convert|196|mile|adj=on}} pipeline connecting Milford Haven to Tirley in Gloucestershire was completed in 2007.<ref name="BBCNews27Nov2007"/> The two oil refineries are operated by [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]] (formerly Texaco) producing {{convert|214000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on}} and [[Murphy Oil|Murco]] (formerly Amoco/Elf) producing {{convert|108000|oilbbl/d|m3/d|abbr=on}}; the latter was sold to [[Puma Energy]] in 2015 with the intention of converting it to a storage facility.<ref name="BBCNews13Mar2015"/> At the peak, there were a total of five refineries served from around the Haven: the [[Esso Refinery, Milford Haven|Esso refinery]] operated from 1960 to 1983, was demolished in the late 1980s and the site converted into the [[South Hook LNG terminal]]; the [[Gulf Refinery, Milford Haven|Gulf Refinery]] operated from 1968 to 1997 and the site now incorporates the [[Dragon LNG terminal]]; [[BP]] had an oil terminal at [[Angle, Pembrokeshire|Angle]] Bay which served its refinery at [[Llandarcy]] and operated between 1961 and 1985.<ref name="RCAHMW14Apr2010"/> The Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority has identified a number of areas in which [[renewable energy]] can be, and has been, generated in the county.<ref name="PCNPARenewable"/> Following several years of planning after the initial impact studies begun in 2011,<ref name="BBCNews8May2011"/> the first submarine turbine of three was installed in [[Ramsey Island|Ramsey Sound]] in December 2015.<ref name="BBCNews13Dec2015"/> The cumulative impact of single and multiple wind turbines is not without controversy<ref name="WT10Apr2013"/> and was the subject of a comprehensive assessment in 2013.<ref name="PCNPA11Dec2013"/> In 2011 the first [[Solar power in the United Kingdom|solar energy]] farm in Wales was installed at Rhosygilwen, [[Rhoshill, Pembrokeshire|Rhoshill]] with 10,000 panels in a field of {{convert|6|acre|ha}}, generating 1 MW.<ref name="BBCNews8Jul2011"/> ===Tourism=== [[Image:BarafundleBeach StackpoleEstate WalesUK.jpg|thumb|alt=View of Barafundle Beach from a high vantage point|[[Barafundle Bay|Barafundle Beach]], a recipient of both the 2019 Seaside and Green Coastal awards]] Pembrokeshire's tourism portal is ''Visit Pembrokeshire'', run by Pembrokeshire County Council.<ref name="VPWelcome"/> In 2015 4.3 million tourists visited the county, staying for an average of 5.24 days, spending £585 million; the tourism industry supported 11,834 jobs.<ref name="WT23Jul2011"/> Many of Pembrokeshire's beaches have won awards,<ref name="VPBeachesMay2017"/> including Poppit Sands and Newport Sands.<ref name="TA17May2018"/> In 2018, Pembrokeshire received the most coast awards in Wales, with 56 [[Blue Flag beach|Blue Flag]], [[Keep Wales Tidy#Coastal Awards|Green Coast or Seaside Awards]].<ref name="WT17May2018"/><ref name="BBCNews18May2018"/> In the 2019 Wales Coast Awards, 39 Pembrokeshire beaches were recognised, including 11 awarded Blue Flag status.<ref name="WT15May2019"/> The Pembrokeshire coastline is a major draw to tourists; in 2011 National Geographic Traveller magazine voted the Pembrokeshire Coast the second best in the world and in 2015 the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park was listed among the top five parks in the world by a travel writer for the Huffington Post.<ref name="WT22May2015"/> [[Countryfile]] Magazine readers voted the Pembrokeshire Coast the top UK holiday destination in 2018,<ref name="VPCountryfileJan2018"/> and in 2019 [[Which?|Consumers' Association]] members placed Tenby and St Davids in the top three best value beach destinations in Britain.<ref name="CA2019"/> With few large urban areas, Pembrokeshire is a "dark sky" destination.<ref name="PCNPDarkSky"/> The many wrecks off the Pembrokeshire coast attract divers.<ref name="DiveWrecks"/> The decade from 2012 saw significant, increasing numbers of [[Atlantic bluefin tuna]], not seen since the 1960s, and now seen by some as an opportunity to encourage tourist sport fishing.<ref name="BBCNews1Apr2021"/> [[Image:Pembrokeshire (15).jpg|thumb|alt=People surfing at a beach in Pembrokeshire|People surfing at a beach in Pembrokeshire]] The county has a number of theme and animal parks (examples are [[Folly Farm Adventure Park and Zoo]], [[Manor House Wildlife Park]] and [[Blue Lagoon Water Park, Pembrokeshire|Blue Lagoon Water Park]]), museums and other visitor attractions including [[Castell Henllys]] reconstructed [[Iron Age]] fort, [[Tenby Lifeboat Station]] and [[Torch Theatre, Milford Haven|Milford Haven's Torch Theatre]].<ref name="VPWelcome"/> There are 21 marked cycle trails around the county.<ref name="PCCCycle"/> Pembrokeshire Destination Management Plan for 2020 to 2025 sets out the scope and priorities to grow tourism in Pembrokeshire by increasing its value by 10 per cent in the five years, and to make Pembrokeshire a top five UK destination.<ref name="PDMP"/> ==Culture== ===Flag=== The [[flag of Pembrokeshire]] is a yellow cross on a blue field; in the centre of the cross is a green pentagon bearing a red and white [[Tudor rose]], divided quarterly and [[Tincture (heraldry)#Counterchanging and countercoloring|counterchanged]], the inner and outer roses having alternating red and white quarters.<ref name="FIPembsFlag"/><ref name="CRWFlags"/> ===Physical heritage=== {{main|Grade I listed buildings in Pembrokeshire|Grade II* listed buildings in Pembrokeshire}} [[Image:20100614-DSC 1535.jpg|thumb|alt=exterior of large ecclesiastial building with tower|[[St Davids Cathedral]]]] Pembrokeshire has more than 1,600 [[listed building]]s, ranging from mud huts to castles, and including bridges and other ancient and modern structures, under the auspices of [[Cadw]] and the County Council.<ref name="PCCListedBldg"/> The National Monuments Record of Wales of the [[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales]] identifies nearly 6,000 sites in Pembrokeshire as worthy of study, preservation and recording, including prehistoric and modern buildings, wrecks and natural features.<ref name="RCAHMWSites"/> There are 10 [[List of National Trust properties in Wales#Pembrokeshire|National Trust properties in Pembrokeshire]].<ref name="NTPembs"/> ===The arts and media=== Music festivals in Pembrokeshire include those at St Davids, Fishguard (folk, jazz and the International Music Festival) and Tenby (Blues Festival).<ref name="VPMusic"/> Milford Haven's Torch Theatre produces drama, screens films and holds exhibitions of art and crafts,<ref name="VPTorch"/> and there is a theatre-cinema in Fishguard ([[Theatr Gwaun]])<ref name="VPGwaun"/> and a cinema in Haverfordwest.<ref name="WT14Jan2018"/> There are museums and art galleries in several locations in the county, including Scolton Manor, Narberth, Tenby, Milford Haven and Fishguard;<ref name="VPMuseums"/> in Fishguard, the {{convert|100|ft}} long ''Last Invasion Tapestry'', commemorating the [[Battle of Fishguard]] in 1797, is on display.<ref name="VPTapestry"/> The Llangwm Literary Festival is a [[literary festival]] held in [[Llangwm, Pembrokeshire|Llangwm]].<ref name="Llangwmlitfest"/> Pembrokeshire's coastal landscape and wealth of historic buildings has made it a popular location choice for film and television, including ''[[Moby Dick (1956 film)|Moby Dick]]'' at Fishguard, and the final two [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'' films]] at Freshwater West. Others include: {| class="wikitable collapsible" |- ! Year !! Film title !! Location !! {{ref heading}} |- | 1940 || ''[[The Thief of Bagdad (1940 film)|The Thief of Bagdad]]'' || [[Freshwater West]] || <ref name="Film_ThiefIMDb"/> |- | 1956 || ''[[Moby Dick (1956 film)|Moby Dick]]'' || [[Fishguard]] || <ref name="VWBlockbusters"/> |- | 1961 || ''[[Fury at Smugglers' Bay]]'' || [[Abereiddy]] || <ref name="Film_FuryIMDb"/> |- | 1968 || ''[[The Lion in Winter (1968 film)|The Lion in Winter]]''|| [[Pembroke Castle]], [[Marloes|Marloes Sands]], [[Milford Haven]] || <ref name="VWBlockbusters"/> |- | 1972 || ''[[Under Milk Wood (1972 film)|Under Milk Wood]]'' || [[Fishguard]] || <ref name="VWBlockbusters"/> |- | 1977 || ''[[Jabberwocky (film)|Jabberwocky]]'' || [[Pembroke Castle]] & [[Bosherston]] || <ref name="Film_JaberwockyIMDb"/> |- | 1994 || ''[[Dragonworld]]'' || [[Manorbier]] || <ref name="Film_DragonworldIMDb"/> |- | 1994 || ''The Lifeboat'' (BBC TV) || Pembrokeshire Coast || <ref name="Film_LifeboatIndie"/> |- | 1998 || ''[[Basil (film)|Basil]]'' || [[Tenby]], [[Manorbier]], [[Bosherston]] || <ref name="Film_BasilIMDb"/> |- | 2003 || ''[[Baltic Storm]]'' || [[Fishguard]] || <ref name="Film_BalticIMDb"/> |- | 2003 || ''[[I Capture the Castle (film)|I Capture The Castle]]'' || [[Manorbier Castle]] || <ref name="Film_CaptureIMDb"/> |- | 2008 || ''[[The Edge of Love]]'' || [[Tenby]] & [[Laugharne]] || <ref name="VWBlockbusters"/> |- | 2010 || ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1]]'' || [[Freshwater West]] || <ref name="VWBlockbusters"/> |- | 2010 || ''[[Robin Hood (2010 film)|Robin Hood]]'' || [[Freshwater West]] || <ref name="Youngman2011"/>{{rp|34}} |- | 2010 || ''[[Third Star]]'' || [[Barafundle Bay]], [[Stackpole Estate]] || <ref name="Film_ThirdIMDb"/> |- | 2011 || ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2]]'' || [[Freshwater West]] || <ref name="Miller2012"/>{{rp|52}} |- | 2012 || ''[[Snow White and the Huntsman]]'' || [[Marloes Sands]] || <ref name="Film_SnowWhite"/> |- | 2015 || ''[[Under Milk Wood (2015 film)|Under Milk Wood]]'' || [[Solva]] || <ref name="BBCNews23Jun2014"/> |- | 2015 || ''[[The Bad Education Movie]]'' || [[Pembroke Castle]] || <ref name="WO27Mar2015"/> |- | 2016 || ''[[Their Finest]]'' || [[Trecwn]], [[Haverfordwest]], [[Cresswell Quay]], [[Freshwater West]], [[Porthgain]] || <ref name="BBCNews18Apr2017"/> |- | 2016 || ''[[Me Before You (film)|Me Before You]]'' || [[Pembroke, Pembrokeshire|Pembroke]], [[Pembroke Castle]] || <ref name="WT10May2016"/> |- | 2020 || ''[[The Pembrokeshire Murders]]'' (TV series) || Goodwick, Fishguard, Freshwater East, coast path || <ref name="BBCNews7Jan2021"/><ref name="RadioTimes13Jan2021"/> |- | 2021 || ''[[The Toll (2021 film)|The Toll]]'' || [[Dale, Pembrokeshire| Dale]], [[Preseli Mountains]], [[Rosebush, Pembrokeshire|Rosebush]], [[Scolton Manor]] || <ref name="ClarkeAug2021"/> |} There are seven local newspapers based in Pembrokeshire: the ''[[Western Telegraph]]'' (the largest in Pembrokeshire), ''The Milford Mercury'', ''Tenby Observer'', ''Pembroke Observer'', ''County Echo'' and ''The Pembrokeshire Herald'' (founded 2013.<ref name="BBCNews5Jul2013"/> ''The Milford Mercury'' (circulation 3,681) and ''Western Telegraph'' (circulation 19,582) are part of the [[Newsquest]] group. [[Radio Pembrokeshire]], and several other West Wales radio stations, were broadcast from Narberth until 2016, when they were relocated to the Vale of Glamorgan, while retaining satellite offices at Narberth and Milford Marina.<ref name="BBCNews14Sep2016"/><ref name="RadioPembs"/> ===Sport=== As the national sport of Wales, [[Welsh Rugby Union|rugby union]] is widely played throughout the county at both town and village level. [[Haverfordwest RFC]], founded in 1875, is a feeder club for [[Scarlets|Llanelli Scarlets]]. Village team [[Crymych RFC]] in 2014 plays in [[WRU Division One West]].<ref name="SWALECLeague"/> There are numerous football clubs in the county, playing in five leagues with [[Haverfordwest County A.F.C.]] competing in the [[Cymru Premier]].<ref name="PSFootball"/> Triathlon event ''[[Ironman Triathlon|Ironman Wales]]'' has been held in Pembrokeshire since 2011, contributing £3.7 million to the local economy, and the county committed in 2017 to host the event for a further five years.<ref name="BBCNews7Sep2017"/> ''Ras Beca'', a mixed road, fell and cross country race attracting UK-wide competitors, has been held in the Preselis annually since 1977. The record of 32 minutes 5 seconds has stood since 1995.<ref name="TA13Aug2014"/> Pembrokeshire Harriers athletics club was formed in 2001 by the amalgamation of Cleddau Athletic Club (established 1970) and Preseli Harriers (1989) and is based in Haverfordwest.<ref name="PemHarriers"/> The annual Tour of Pembrokeshire [[road bicycle racing|road-cycling]] event takes place over routes of optional length.<ref name="TourofPemb"/> The 4th Tour, in April 2015, attracted 1,600 riders including Olympic gold medallist [[Chris Boardman]]<ref name="PH22Apr2015"/> and there were 1,500 entrants to the 2016 event.<ref name="PH20May2016"/> Part of Route 47 of the [[Celtic Trail cycle route]] is in Pembrokeshire. The [[Llys y Fran]] [[Hillclimbing|Hillclimb]] is an annual event run by Swansea Motor Club,<ref name="MSCLyFClimb"/> and there are several other county motoring events held each year.<ref name="BBCNews10Jun2019"/> [[Abereiddy]]'s ''Blue Lagoon'' was the venue for a round of the [[Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series]] in 2012,<ref name="BBCNews8Sep2012"/> 2013,<ref name="BBCNews13Sep2013"/> and 2016;<ref name="BBCNews10Sep2016"/> the [[Welsh Surfing Federation]] has held the Welsh National Surfing Championships at [[Freshwater West]] for several years,<ref name="WSF30Mar2015"/> and Llys y Fran Country Park hosted the Welsh [[Dragon boat|Dragonboat]] Championships from 2014 to 2017.<ref name="BBCNews29May2016"/><ref name="MM27May2017"/> While not at major league level, [[cricket]] is played throughout the county and many villages such as [[Lamphey Cricket Club Ground|Lamphey]], [[Cresselly Cricket Club Ground|Creselly]], [[Llangwm, Pembrokeshire|Llangwm]], [[Llechryd]] and [[Crymych]] field teams in minor leagues under the umbrella of the [[Cricket Board of Wales]].<ref name="CWDoC"/> ==Notable people== [[File:Enrique VII de Inglaterra, por un artista anónimo.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Painting of Henry VII in 1505 wearing a gold collar and holding a rose|Henry VII (1505)]] From mediaeval times, [[Rhys ap Gruffydd]] ({{circa|lk=no|1132}}-1197), ruler of the [[kingdom of Deheubarth]], was buried in the [[Monastery of Saint David, Wales|Monastery of Saint David]],<ref name="JonesPierce1959"/> later the Cathedral, and [[Gerald of Wales]] was born {{circa|lk=no|1146}} at [[Manorbier Castle]].<ref name="MacCaffrey1909"/> Henry Tudor (later [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]]) was born in 1457 at [[Pembroke Castle]].<ref name="Rogers2005"/> [[Robert Recorde]], inventor of the [[Equals sign|equals sign (=)]] in mathematics was from [[Tenby]].<ref name="ODNB"/> The pirate [[Bartholomew Roberts]] (Black Bart) (Welsh: Barti Ddu) was born in Casnewydd Bach, between Fishguard and Haverfordwest in 1682.<ref name="Yount"/> In later military history, [[Jemima Nicholas]], heroine of the so-called "last invasion of Britain" in 1797, was from Fishguard,<ref name="BBCNews4Apr2006"/> Lieutenant General Sir [[Thomas Picton]] GCB, born in Haverfordwest, was killed at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] in 1815<ref name="Johnston1959"/> and [[Private Thomas Collins]] is believed to be the only Pembrokeshire man that fought in the [[Battle of Rorke's Drift]] in 1879.<ref name="BBCNews22Jan2006"/> In the arts, siblings [[Gwen John|Gwen]] and [[Augustus John]] were both born in Pembrokeshire,<ref name="Mintle2002"/>{{rp|251–252}} as was the novelist [[Sarah Waters]];<ref name="Guardian1Jun2006"/> singer [[Connie Fisher]] grew up in Pembrokeshire.<ref name="PTV16Sep2006"/> The actor [[Christian Bale]] was born in Haverfordwest.<ref name="Bale"/> [[Stephen Crabb]], a former [[Secretary of State for Work and Pensions]] and [[Secretary of State for Wales]], was brought up in Pembrokeshire and until 2024 was one of the county's two [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]],<ref name="DT26Mar2016"/> the other being [[Simon Hart]],<ref name="BBCNews7May2010"/> who served as Secretary of State for Wales from 2019 to 2022.<ref name="BBCNews16Dec2019"/><ref name="SkyNews20Jul2023"/> ==Education and health== {{see also|List of schools in Pembrokeshire}} A comprehensive review of education in Pembrokeshire was carried out in 2014 with a number of options for discussion in 2015.<ref name="WT22Jan2015"/> In 2018 there were 58 primary schools, eight secondary schools (two for ages 3 to 16) and one special school, in all providing education for more than 18,300 pupils. These include 15 Welsh medium primary schools in the county, three dual stream schools and two transition schools; four primary schools are classified as English Welsh schools (English medium schools with significant use of Welsh). In 2017/18, 22 per cent of seven-year-old pupils were educated through the medium of Welsh. This figure was expected to rise to 25 per cent by 2019/20.<ref name="PCCSchools"/> In 2019, there were two fewer primary schools. The local authority's education budget for 2019/2020 was £88 million, equating to £4,856 per pupil. A February 2020 report by schools' inspection body [[Estyn]], however, considered the local authority's performance in education provision "a significant concern".<ref name="WO12Feb2020"/> Pembrokeshire has had a branch of the [[University of the Third Age]] (U3A) since 1991 and has a wide range of groups.<ref name="Ind16Jun2011"/><ref name="U3APembs"/><ref name="PCCLifelong"/> [[File:Withybush General Hospital Geograph-280886-by-ceridwen.jpg|thumb|alt=exterior of large hospital|Withybush General Hospital, Haverfordwest]] Health services in the county are provided by [[Hywel Dda University Health Board]] which also provides for Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire. The county's principal hospital is [[Withybush General Hospital]] in Haverfordwest,<ref name="NHSWithybush"/> with local hospitals in Tenby<ref name="NHSTenby"/> and [[South Pembrokeshire Hospital|Pembroke Dock]].<ref name="NHSSouthPembs"/> In November 2018, the health board informed Pembrokeshire's [[Community Health Council]] that the county had 38 full-time and 34 part-time [[General practitioner|GP]]s.<ref name="TA14Nov2018"/> ==See also== * [[List of national parks of England and Wales]] * [[List of castles in Wales#Pembrokeshire|List of castles in Pembrokeshire]] * [[List of Scheduled prehistoric Monuments in north Pembrokeshire]] * [[List of Scheduled prehistoric Monuments in south Pembrokeshire]] * [[List of Scheduled Roman to modern Monuments in Pembrokeshire]] * [[Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire|List of Lord Lieutenants of Pembrokeshire]] * [[Custos Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire|List of Custodes Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire]] * [[High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire|List of High Sheriffs of Pembrokeshire]] * [[Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|List of MPs for the former county of Pembrokeshire]] * [[Cuisine of Pembrokeshire]] == Notes == {{NoteFoot}} ==References== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Bale">{{cite news |last= Francis |first= Damien |title= Batman star Christian Bale arrested |url= http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/jul/22/christian.bale |work= [[The Guardian]] |date= 22 July 2008 |access-date= 31 August 2022 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145856/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/jul/22/christian.bale |archive-date= 26 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="BBCLegaciesFlemish">{{cite web |title= The Flemish Colonists in Wales |work= BBC Legacies |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/wales/w_sw/article_3.shtml |access-date= 30 December 2018}}</ref> <ref name="BBCNews22Jan2006">{{Cite news |title= Plan to honour Rorke's Drift hero |work= BBC News |url= 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3 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPCountryfileJan2018">{{cite web |title= BBC Countryfile Magazine Awards 2018 |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/latest-news/january-2018/countryfile-magazine-awards-2018/ |date= January 2018 |access-date= 26 March 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPGrassholm">{{cite web |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |title= Grassholm Island |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/grassholm-island/ |access-date= 8 November 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPGrassholmFerry">{{cite web |title= Grassholm Island |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/grassholm-island/ |access-date= 1 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPGwaun">{{cite web |title= Theatr Gwaun |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/theatr-gwaun/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPMuseums">{{cite web |title= Museums and art galleries |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/museums-and-galleries/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPMusic">{{cite web |title= Music in Pembrokeshire |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/music/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPRamseyFerry">{{cite web |title= Ramsey Island |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/ramsey-island/ |access-date= 1 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPSeals">{{cite web |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |title= Seal watching in Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/seal-watching/ |access-date= 1 June 2016}}</ref> <ref name="VPSkomerFerry">{{cite web |title= Skomer Island |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/skomer-island/ |access-date= 1 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPTapestry">{{cite web |title= Last Invasion Tapestry |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/last-invasion-tapestry/ |access-date= 8 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPTorch">{{cite web |title= The Torch Theatre |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/attractions-events/torch-theatre/ |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPWelcome">{{cite web |title= Welcome to Pembrokeshire |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/ |access-date= 10 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="VPWhales">{{cite web |publisher= Visit Pembrokeshire |title= Whale and Dolphin watching in Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com/explore-pembrokeshire/wildlife-and-nature/whales-and-dolphins/ |access-date= 1 June 2016}}</ref> <ref name="VWBlockbusters">{{cite web |title= Lights, camera, action: Welsh film & TV locations |publisher= Visit Wales |url= http://www.visitwales.com/holidays-breaks/days-out/tv-film-locations-uk/wales-on-film |access-date= 12 May 2016}}</ref> <ref name="VWExploring">{{cite web |title= Exploring the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park |publisher= Visit Wales |url=https://www.visitwales.com/destinations/west-wales/pembrokeshire/exploring-pembrokeshire-coast-national-park |access-date= 23 January 2022}}</ref> <ref name="WarMem">{{cite web |title= Pembrokeshire Historical Society: The story behind the Pembrokeshire County Great War Monument at Haverfordwest |date= 12 December 2016 |url= http://www.pembrokeshirehistoricalsociety.co.uk/anatomy-war-memorial-story-behind-pembrokeshire-county-great-war-monument-haverfordwest/ |access-date= 19 February 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Wheeler2010">{{cite book |last= Wheeler |first= Jill C. |title= Welsh Corgis |date= 2010 |publisher= ABDO Publishing |location= Edina, MN |isbn= 978-1-60453-786-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hMbUoWHTgQkC&q=Pembroke+Welsh+Corgi+1107&pg=PA6}}</ref> <ref name="WMSMillsOpen">{{cite web |title= Mills Open to the Public |publisher= Welsh Mills Society |url=http://www.welshmills.org.uk/millsopen.html |date= 14 September 2013 |access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> <ref name="WO3Jun2014">{{cite news |publisher= Wales Online |title= Pembrokeshire Fish Week |date= 3 June 2014 |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/pembrokeshire-fish-week-7211686 |access-date= 11 October 2014}}</ref> <ref name="WO28Nov2014">{{cite news |last= Misstear |first= Rachael |title= Why fish are proving to be Pembrokeshire's newest tourism asset |work= Wales Online |date= 28 November 2014 |access-date= 3 December 2014 |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/fish-proving-pembrokeshires-newest-tourism-8194583}}</ref> <ref name="WO27Mar2015">{{cite news |newspaper= Wales online |title= Bad Education takes over Pembroke Castle for film version of the hit show |last= Jones |first= Hannah |date= 27 March 2015|url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/film-news/bad-education-takes-over-pembroke-8930722 |access-date= 10 May 2016}}</ref> <ref name="WO6May2016">{{cite web |last= Jones |first= Ciaran |title= Assembly Election 2016: The full list of Welsh AMs |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/assembly-election-2016-full-list-11292401 |work= WalesOnline |date= 6 May 2016 |access-date= 18 December 2017}}</ref> <ref name="WO6Jan2018">{{cite news |work= Wales online |title= The hidden wrecks of Wales that you never knew were there |date=6 January 2018 |last= Hayward |first= Will |url= http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/hidden-wrecks-wales-you-never-14112956 |access-date= 11 January 2018}}</ref> <ref name="WO12Feb2020">{{cite news |publisher= Wales Online |author= Abbie Wightwick |title= Schools in Pembrokeshire are a 'significant concern', says inspections body Estyn |url= https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/schools-pembrokeshire-significant-concern-says-17729576 |date= 12 February 2020 |access-date= 14 February 2020}}</ref> <ref name="WO5Jul2024">{{Cite news |title= General Election 2024 results live as Labour wins seats from the Tories in Wales |url= https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/politics/live-general-election-results-wales-29463993?int_source=nba |date= 5 July 2024 |access-date= 5 July 2024 |work= [[Wales Online]] |language= en}}</ref> <ref name="Wood1976">{{cite book |last= Wood |first= Bruce |title= The Process of Local Government Reform: 1966–1974 |publisher= Allen & Unwin |location= London |date= 1976 |isbn= 978-0-04-350052-1}}</ref> <ref name="WoollenMills2013">{{cite web |title= Woollen Mills Working and Weaving in West Wales |work= West Wales Holiday Cottages - Blog |publisher= The Real Wales |url= https://westwalesholidaycottages.co.uk/blog/woollen-mills-working-and-weaving-in-west-wales/ |date= 11 February 2013 |access-date= 3 March 2019 |author1= Jane}}</ref> <ref name="WSF30Mar2015">{{cite web |title= Welsh Surf News |publisher= The Welsh Surfing Federation |access-date= 30 March 2015 |url= http://www.welshsurfingfederation.org.uk/index.php}}</ref> <ref name="WTrust15Jul2024">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2024 |title=Pembrokeshire announced as new location for Atlantic rainforest restoration |url=https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/news/pembrokeshire-announced-new-location-atlantic-rainforest-restoration |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> <ref name="WT27Jun2010">{{cite news |last= Humfrey |first= Anwen |title= Lower Town, Fishguard, still blighted by lorry chaos |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 27 June 2010 |access-date= 31 January 2018 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/8240629.Town_tells_of_lorry_loads_of_traffic_jams/}}</ref> <ref name="WT23Jul2011">{{cite news |newspaper= Western Telegraph |title= £585 million Pembrokeshire tourism boost |date= 23 July 2011 |access-date= 10 February 2018 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/county/9156280.__544m_Pembrokeshire_tourism_boost/}}</ref> <ref name="WT10Apr2013">{{cite news |title= Wind turbine plans in Pembrokeshire continue to generate debate |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 10 April 2013 |access-date= 14 December 2015 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/10345447.Wind_turbine_plans_in_Pembrokeshire_continue_to_generate_debate/}}</ref> <ref name="WT22Jan2015">{{cite news |title= Closure of Sir Thomas Picton, Tasker Milward, Ysgol Dewi Sant and Ysgol Bro Gwaun Schools planned in huge shake-up |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 22 January 2015 |access-date= 25 January 2015 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/11743954.Closure_of_Sir_Thomas_Picton__Tasker_Milward__Ysgol_Dewi_Sant_and_Ysgol_Bro_Gwaun_Schools_planned_in_huge_shake_up/}}</ref> <ref name="WT22May2015">{{cite news |title= Pembrokeshire Coast National Park named among the five best in the world |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 22 May 2015 |access-date= 26 May 2015 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/12966720.Pembrokeshire_Coast_National_Park_named_among_the_five_best_in_the_world/?ref=mr&lp=18}}</ref> <ref name="WT10May2016">{{cite news |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 10 May 2016 |last= Sinclair |first= Bruce |title= Me Before You movie release will see Pembroke on the silver screen |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/14481780.Me_Before_You_movie_release_will_see_Pembroke_on_the_silver_screen/ |access-date= 10 May 2016}}</ref> <ref name="WT14Jan2018">{{cite news |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 14 January 2018 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/15827137.Secret_history_of_Pembrokeshire_s_forgotten_cinemas_rediscovered/ |title= Secret history of Pembrokeshire's forgotten cinemas rediscovered |access-date= 7 February 2018}}</ref> <ref name="WT17May2018">{{cite news |title= Top awards for beautiful Pembrokeshire beaches |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 17 May 2018 |access-date= 17 May 2018 |url= http://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/16229382.11_Pembrokeshire_beaches_to_fly_prestigious_Blue_Flag/}}</ref> <ref name="WT26Jun2018">{{cite news |newspaper= Western Telegraph |last= Lynch |first= David |date= 26 June 2018 |title= Concerns over new standard place name spellings for Pembrokeshire villages |url= https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/16315353.concerns-over-new-standard-place-name-spellings-for-pembrokeshire-villages/ |access-date= 30 December 2018}}</ref> <ref name="WT15May2019">{{cite news |title= Pembrokeshire beaches claim 11 Blue Flags in 2019 Wales Coast Awards |newspaper= Western Telegraph |url= https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/17640564.pembrokeshire-beaches-claim-11-blue-flags-in-2019-wales-coast-awards/ |access-date= 15 May 2019 |date= 15 May 2019}}</ref> <ref name="WT13Aug2019">{{cite news |newspaper= Western Telegraph |date= 13 August 2019 |title= Pembrokeshire County Show gets underway in the sun |url= https://www.westerntelegraph.co.uk/news/17833285.pembrokeshire-county-show-gets-underway-sun/ |access-date= 30 August 2019}}</ref> <ref name="WWPembs">{{cite web |publisher= The Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales |title= Pembrokeshire |url= http://www.welshwildlife.org/where-i-live/pembrokeshire/ |access-date= 25 January 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Youngman2011">{{cite book |last= Youngman |first= Angela |title= In the Footsteps of Robin Hood |format= eBook |url= https://leicesteruk.overdrive.com/media/B07CC64A-CD13-494B-AE50-2B672D9BECC0 |date= 2011 |publisher= Collca |location= Oxted |isbn=978-1-908795-00-7}}</ref> <ref name="Yount">{{cite book|author=Yount, Lisa|date=2002|title=Pirates|publisher=Lucent Books|isbn=1-56006-955-4}}</ref> }} == Further reading == * {{cite book |last= Awbery |first= G. M. |title= Pembrokeshire Welsh, A Phonological Study |publisher= National Museum of Wales |location= Cardiff |edition= First |date= 1986 |asin= B000S54DVE}} * {{cite book |last= Charles |first= B. G. |title= The Place-Names of Pembrokeshire (2 Volumes) |publisher= National Museum of Wales |location= Cardiff |edition= First |date= 1992 |isbn= 978-0-907158-58-5}} * {{cite book |last= Charles-Jones |first= Caroline |others= Illustrations by Leon Olin & David H. White Jr. |title= Historic Pembrokeshire Homes and Their Families: The Francis Jones |publisher= Brawdy Books |location= Dinas |edition= 2nd Revised |date= 2001 |isbn= 978-0-9528344-5-8}} * {{cite book |last= Davies |first= E. |display-authors=etal |title= Pembrokeshire County History |volume= 1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AbDBswEACAAJ |isbn= 978-0-903771-16-0 |publisher= Pembrokeshire Historical Society | year= 1987 }} * {{cite book |last= Davies |first= B. S. |title= Pembrokeshire Limekilns |publisher= Merrivale Publications |location= St Davids |edition= 2nd Revised |date= 1997 |isbn= 978-0-9515207-7-2}} * {{cite book |last= Dillon |first= Myles |chapter= The Irish settlements in Wales |pages= 1–11 |title= Celtica |volume= 12 |publisher= Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location= Dublin |date= 1977 |url= https://www.dias.ie/celt/celtica/celtica-volume-12/}} * {{cite book |last= Downes |first= John |title= Folds, Faults and Fossils: Exploring geology in Pembrokeshire |publisher= Llygad Gwalch Cyf |location= Pwllheli |date= 2011 |isbn= 978-1-84524-172-8}} * {{cite book |last= Fudge |first= Pam |title= South West Wales Through the Lens of Harry Squibbs Pembrokeshire |volume= 2 |publisher= Amberley Publishing |location= Stroud |date= 2014 |isbn= 978-1-4456-3435-7}} * {{cite book |last= Harris |first= P. Valentine |title= South Pembrokeshire Dialect And Place Names |publisher= H. G. Walters |location= Tenby |via= Gebert Press, Plano, TX |date= 2011 |isbn= 978-1-4474-1940-2}} * {{cite book |last= Hughes |first= Basil H.J. |year= 1993 |edition= 3 |orig-date= 1988 |title= Jottings and Historical Records with Index on the History of South Pembrokeshire |volume= 1: 1066 - 1389 |publisher= Pennar Publications |location= |isbn= 978-1-898687-00-9 |url= https://archive.org/details/JottingsAndHistoricalRecordsWithIndexOnTheHistoryOfSouth/mode/2up }} * {{cite web |last= Hughes |first= Basil H.J. |year= 2014 |title= Pembrokeshire Parishes, Places & People. Castlemartin Hundred |website= archive.org |pages= |url= https://archive.org/details/PembrokeshireParishesPlacesPeopleCastlemartinHundred/mode/2up }} * {{cite book |last= James |first= J. Ivor |title= Molleston Baptist Church-Reflections on the Founders' Tercentenary |publisher= V.G. Lodwick & Sons Ltd |location= Carmarthen |edition= First |date= 1968 |asin= B00J1IHH9Y}} * {{cite book |last= Jenkins |first= J. Geraint |title= Pembrokeshire, its present and its past Explored |publisher= Llygad Gwalch Cyf |location= Pwllheli |date= 2016 |isbn= 978-1-84524-246-6}} * {{cite book |last= John |first= Brian S. |title= The Geology of Pembrokeshire |publisher= Abercastle Publications |location= Cardigan |date= 1998 |isbn= 978-1-872887-20-3}} * {{cite book |last= Jones |first= Francis |editor-last= Innes-Smith |editor-first= Robert |title= Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire and Their Families |publisher= Brawdy Books |location= Dinas |edition= First |date= 1996 |isbn= 978-0-9528344-0-3}} * {{cite book |last1= Lloyd |first1= Thomas |last2= Orbach |first2= Julian |last3= Scourfield |first3= Robert |title= Pembrokeshire: The Buildings of Wales (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of Wales) |publisher= Yale University Press |location= New Haven, CT |edition= First |date= 2004 |isbn= 978-0-300-10178-2}} * {{cite book |last= Lockley |first= Ronald Mathias |title= The Regional Books: Pembrokeshire |publisher= Robert Hale |location= London |edition= 2nd |date= 1969 |isbn= 978-0-7091-0781-1}} * {{cite book |last= Owen |first= George of Henllys |others= With additions and observations by John Lewis of Manarnawan |title= A History of Pembrokeshire |orig-year=First published 1603 |date= 1796 |via= Cambrian Register, Volume 2 |location= London |pages= 53–230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9wuAAAAMAAJ}} * {{cite book |last= Thornhill-Timmins |first= H. |title= Nooks and Corners of Pembrokeshire |publisher= Elliot Stock |location= London |date= 1895 }} * {{cite book |last= Willison |first= Christine |title= Pembrokeshire Folk Tales |publisher= The History Press |location= Stroud |date= 2013 |isbn= 978-0-7524-6565-4}} ==External links== {{Wikivoyage|Pembrokeshire}} {{Commons category|Pembrokeshire}} {{Wikisource|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pembrokeshire|Pembrokeshire}} * [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/PEM/ Historical information about Pembrokeshire on GENUKI] *[https://www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk/ Pembrokeshire County Council] <!--* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150406010944/http://www.pembrokeshirevirtualmuseum.co.uk/content.asp?id=3638&parent_directory_id=101 Pembrokeshire County Council: Virtual Museum]--> * [http://www.visitpembrokeshire.com Visit Pembrokeshire] (official council tourism website) * [http://www.culture4pembrokeshire.co.uk/content.asp?nav=2 Pembrokeshire Cultural Services (archives, libraries, museums)] * [http://www.pembrokeshirehistoricalsociety.co.uk/pembrokeshire-antiquarians/ Pembrokeshire Historical Society: Pembrokeshire Antiquarians] * 19th century [[Ordnance Survey]] maps, [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/os-1-to-10560/pembrokeshire page 1] and [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/os-1-to-10560/pembrokeshire?page=1 page 2] * [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/a?_ref=213 List of documents and collections held at Pembrokeshire Archives and Local Studies] * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000xqr1 Iolo's Pembrokeshire: BBC Documentary series] by [[Iolo Williams]] {{Pembrokeshire}} {{Communities of Pembrokeshire}} {{Transport in Pembrokeshire}} {{Wales subdivisions}} {{Historic Counties of Wales}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Pembrokeshire| ]] [[Category:1138 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Counties of Wales]] [[Category:Historic counties of Wales]] [[Category:Principal areas of Wales]] [[Category:12th-century establishments in Wales]]
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