Editing Pelican crossing

{{Short description|Type of pedestrian crossing}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
[[File:Pelican crossing, Grosvenor Place, London, UK (retouched with detail box).jpg|thumb|Pelican crossing in London after button pushed. "WAIT" is now lit and the far side "red man" continues to show. When safe to cross, the "green man" will show. (Controls for users crossing from the other direction are also visible.) ]]

A '''pelican crossing''' is a type of [[pedestrian crossing]] with traffic signals for both pedestrians and vehicular traffic, activated by call buttons for pedestrians, with the walk signal being directly across the road from the pedestrian. Pelican crossings are ubiquitous in many countries, but usage of the phrase "pelican crossing" is confined mainly to the UK and Ireland. The design was originally introduced in the United Kingdom; they are also found in the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Ireland, Indonesia and Australia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/141379651|title=The official highway code|date=2007|publisher=TSO|others=Driving Standards Agency, Great Britain. Department for Transport|isbn=978-0-11-552814-9|edition=15th|location=London|oclc=141379651}}</ref>{{Rp|location=rule 196}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=New pelican crossing installed for pedestrians' convenience|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/09/04/new-pelican-crossing-installed-for-pedestrians-convenience.html|access-date=2022-01-03|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=May|first=Melanie|title=The difference between zebra and pelican crossings: a simpleton's guide|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/difference-between-zebra-and-pelican-crossing-3751758-Dec2017/|access-date=2022-01-03|website=TheJournal.ie|date=18 December 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Services|first=Roads and Maritime|title=Pedestrian crossings|url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/topics/roads-safety-and-rules/stopping-giving-way-turning/pedestrian-crossings|access-date=2022-01-03|website=NSW Government|date=20 April 2021 |language=en-AU}}</ref> The crossings began to be phased out in Great Britain in 2016, being replaced with [[puffin crossing]]s which have pedestrian signals above the call button rather than across the road.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1134444798|title=Traffic signs manual. Chapter 6, Traffic control|date=2019|others=Great Britain. Department for Transport, Northern Ireland. Department for Infrastructure, Scotland. Scottish Government, Wales. Welsh Government|isbn=978-0-11-553744-8|location=London|oclc=1134444798}}</ref>{{Rp|page=142}}

The pelican crossing is usually formed of two poles on either side of the road, each containing three signal heads (one in each direction for drivers and one facing pedestrians) and a call button unit for pedestrians to operate the crossing. The crossing type is distinctive for fixed signal timings (as opposed to the variable timings of [[puffin crossing]]s and the flashing amber/green man phase, which allows the crossing to clear and drivers to continue when it is). An audible bleep and [[tactile rotating cone]] are normally present to aid [[Visual impairment|visually impaired]] pedestrians.

A comparable system called the [[HAWK beacon]] is used in the United States.

==History==

=== Etymology ===
The name is derived from ''PELICON'', a portmanteau of ''pe''destrian ''li''ght ''con''trolled. The term ''pelican crossing'' originated in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Crown Dependencies]] and [[British Overseas Territories]], but similar traffic control devices are in use throughout the world. The term is also used occasionally in the [[Republic of Ireland]].

=== Development {{anchor|xway}} ===
[[File:X-Way pedestrian crossing lights order.png|thumb|Signals used on the older "X-way" crossing design. (Extract from 1960s UK government leaflet).]]
The pelican crossing was a relatively minor development of the previously-trialled '''"x–way" crossing'''.<ref name='green_man_at_last' /> This was largely identical to the pelican crossing, but instead of a green light for motorists, featured a white diagonal cross. The intention of this was to distinguish the crossing lights from any nearby junction (standard) traffic lights. The white cross was widely criticised and users and motoring organisations alike called for the white cross to be replaced by a green light.<ref name='green_man_at_last' />

With this change in place, along with some alterations to the light timings<ref name='history_repeating' /> and road markings, the "x–way" crossing became the pelican crossing.

=== Introduction ===
[[File:Green man uk.jpg|thumb|The "green man" signal]]
[[File:Pelican-crossing-pushbutton (Medium).jpg|thumb|Old Pelican Crossing controller with instructions]]
In the [[United Kingdom]], the pelican crossing was the first definitive light-controlled crossing for pedestrians, introduced in 1969. This was after the earlier failed experiment of the [[panda crossing]]. Previously only [[zebra crossing]]s had been used, which have warning signals ([[Belisha beacon]]s), but no control signals.

In 1974, cast from ''[[Dad's Army]]'' performed a [[public information film]] to explain the pelican crossing, and how it works.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pelican Crossing (Dad's Army) (1974)| website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_AaiNL8H54 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Z_AaiNL8H54| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|date=8 October 2009|accessdate=10 June 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pelican Crossing-Motorist-Dads Army| website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxRJvArUYwA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/BxRJvArUYwA| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|date=19 November 2009|accessdate=10 June 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 1976, [[Paul Greenwood]] sang "The Pelican Crossing Song", again explaining how a pelican crossing works.

Changes to the regulations surrounding pelican crossings published in 1987 included the introduction of zig-zag markings, matching those used on the [[Zebra crossing]], from 1989.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Pelican Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1987| website=[[legislation.gov.uk]] |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1987/16/made}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[File:Pelican between King George Rec and Cosham Park - geograph.org.uk - 729204.jpg|thumb|A pelican crossing in England]]
[[File:Jakarta Senayan Pelican Crossing.jpg|thumb|upright|Pelican crossing in [[Senayan, Kebayoran Baru|Senayan]], Jakarta, Indonesia]]
=== Decommissioning ===
Statutory authority for pelican crossings was removed in the 2016 update of the [[Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions]]. After 22 October 2016, no new pelican crossings can be installed on public highways in the UK, except work in progress where there was a six-month saving. [[Puffin crossing]]s are to be installed instead.<ref name="TSGRD 2016">{{cite web 
|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520872/DfT-circular-01-2016.pdf
|title=DFT Circular 01/2016 - The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016
|department=Department for Transport 
|page=63 section 17.6
|date=2015 
|publisher= HMSO
|access-date= 26 May 2018}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
Additionally, a pelican crossing, as distinct from a puffin crossing, has the special feature that while the green man flashes to indicate that pedestrians may continue crossing but may not start to cross, the red light changes to an amber flashing light permitting cars to pass if there are no further pedestrians. This reduces the delay to traffic.

Under UK law,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Using the road - Pedestrian crossings (191 to 199)|url=https://www.highwaycodeuk.co.uk/pedestrian-crossings.html|access-date=2019-05-09|website=The Highway Code|language=en}}</ref> pelican crossings that go straight across the road are defined as a single crossing, even when there is a central island. Therefore, traffic in both directions must wait until pedestrians have finished crossing and the signal is green or flashing amber. This rule is different from similar standard pedestrian crossings where each portion of the crossing is treated as a separate crossing. However, at installations where the crossings that cross each carriageway are separate crossings, the crossing is staggered.

==See also==
* [[Pedestrian scramble]]
* [[Pegasus crossing]]
* [[Toucan crossing]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name='green_man_at_last'>{{cite web|url=https://www.roads.org.uk/articles/pedestrian-crossings/green-man-last|accessdate=2024-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606120511/https://www.roads.org.uk/articles/pedestrian-crossings/green-man-last|archivedate=2024-06-06|title=Pedestrian Crossings: Green man at last|publisher=roads.org.uk (Chris Marshall)}}</ref>

<ref name='history_repeating'>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606120512/https://www.roads.org.uk/articles/pedestrian-crossings/history-repeating|archivedate=2024-06-06|url=https://www.roads.org.uk/articles/pedestrian-crossings/history-repeating|accessdate=2024-07-30|title=Pedestrian Crossings: History repeating|publisher=roads.org.uk (Chris Marshall)|quote= the new [pelican] crossing had a green light [instead of an 'X'] [..and whereas the X-way..] had only a very short period where motorists saw a red light, and most of the pedestrian crossing phase was on 'flashing amber' [..the pelican instead had..] a much longer red light [and] only used the flashing amber light towards the end}}</ref>

}}
* ''The History of British Roadsigns'', Dept. for Transport, 2nd Edition, 1999.

==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/2/newsid_2840000/2840919.stm BBC article], on the introduction of Panda crossings, and subsequent developments.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuxI3bfdQHo YouTube video from British Pathé] on the introduction of the Pelican crossing in London in 1969.
*BBC Rewind has [https://bbcrewind.co.uk/asset/613a2205d916f300205fbf94 footage from Points West] of the introduction of the Pelican crossing in Bristol in July 1969.
*[https://www.roads.org.uk/articles/pedestrian-crossings Article from roads.org.uk] on the development of the pelican crossing.

{{Pedestrian crossings}}

[[Category:Pedestrian crossings]]
[[Category:Road surface markings]]
[[Category:Walking in the United Kingdom]]