Editing Pawnee, Oklahoma

{{For|the fictional town in Indiana|Pawnee (Parks and Recreation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Pawnee, Oklahoma
|native_name              = Paári
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = "Where The West Remains"

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Pawneebillranch.jpg
|imagesize                = 260px
|image_caption            = Pawnee Bill Ranch and Museum
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Pawnee_County_Oklahoma_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas Pawnee highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 260px
|map_caption              = Location of Pawnee, Oklahoma
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oklahoma]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Pawnee County, Oklahoma|Pawnee]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref  = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 9.38
|area_land_km2            = 8.13
|area_water_km2           = 1.25
|area_total_sq_mi         = 3.62
|area_land_sq_mi          = 3.14
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.48

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 1936
|population_density_sq_mi = 616.76
|population_density_km2   = 238.14

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 873
|coordinates              = {{coord|36|19|53|N|96|48|32|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 74058
|area_code                = [[area codes 539 and 918|539/918]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 40-57650 <ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2411389<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2411389}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://cityofpawnee.org}}
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|population_est = 
}}

'''Pawnee''' ([[Pawnee language|Pawnee]]: '''Paári''',<ref>{{Cite web
| title = AISRI Dictionary Database Search--prototype version. "River", Southband Pawnee
| work = American Indian Studies Research Institute
| access-date = 2012-05-26
| url = http://zia.aisri.indiana.edu/~dictsearch/cgi-bin/testengltoxsrchNP.pl?host=zia&pass=&hasfont=0&srchlang=English&srchstring=okla&database=skiri&srchtype=AND&sortlang=English&sndformat=ra&maxhits=200&find=Run_Search}}</ref> {{langx|iow|'''Páñi Chína'''}}<ref>(2009) Kansas Historical Society, Ioway-Otoe-Missouria Language Project, English to Ioway-Otoe-Missouria Dictionary, "Dictionary P (English to Baxoje)", "Pawnee, Okla.". [https://www.kshs.org/research/collections/documents/businessrecords/ioway_pdf/dict_p_q_eng_april_26_2010.pdf]</ref>) is a city and [[county seat]] of [[Pawnee County, Oklahoma|Pawnee County]], [[Oklahoma]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> The town is northeast of [[Stillwater, Oklahoma|Stillwater]] at the junction of [[U.S. Route 64 in Oklahoma|U.S. Route 64]] and [[Oklahoma State Highway 18|State Highway 18]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pawnee,+OK+74058/@36.3369601,-96.9402098,11z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x87b11ed10919cd3f:0x1d375ee2f6c75e5!8m2!3d36.3378321!4d-96.8039232|title=Pawnee, Oklahoma|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=July 2, 2020}}</ref>

It was named for the [[Pawnee people|Pawnee tribe]], which was relocated to this area between 1873 and 1875.<ref name="EOHC-Pawnee">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=PA023 Linda D. Wilson, "Pawnee." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.]  Retrieved April 13, 2012.]</ref> The population was 1,936 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 Census]].   
<ref>{{cite web|url=  https://www.census.gov/search-results.html?searchType=web&cssp=SERP&q=Pawnee%20city,%20Oklahoma   |title=Pawnee (city), Oklahoma|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 4, 2024}}</ref>

==History==
The [[Pawnee Agency and Boarding School Historic District|Pawnee Agency and Pawnee Boarding School]] were established after the Pawnee tribe came to this area in 1875. The Pawnee Agency was designated as a post office on May 4, 1876. The area was opened to non-Indian settlers on September 16, 1893, during the [[Land Run of 1893|Cherokee Outlet Opening]]. Townsite Number Thirteen (later Pawnee) had been designated as the temporary county seat. The post office was redesignated from Pawnee Agency to Pawnee on October 26, 1893. The town incorporated on April 16, 1894. On September 9, 1895, the townspeople dedicated a stone county courthouse.<ref name="EOHC-Pawnee" />

The [[Eastern Oklahoma Railway]], which later became part of the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]], built a line through Pawnee between 1900 and 1902. In 1902, the [[Arkansas Valley and Western Railway]] (later the [[St. Louis and San Francisco Railway]]) also built a line through the city. The railroads enabled Pawnee to develop as an agricultural trade center. The population was 1,943 at statehood in 1907.<ref name="EOHC-Pawnee" /> Since statehood, Pawnee has seen a overall decline in population with the [[2020 United States census|2020 Census]] reporting a population of 1,936.

Pawnee continued to develop during the [[Great Depression]], largely because of Federal works projects.  A hospital to care for the Ponca, Pawnee, Kaw, Otoe, and Tonkawa people opened January 15, 1931.  A new school building at the Osage Agency opened in 1932. [[Pawnee County Courthouse (Oklahoma)|A new county courthouse]] was also built in 1932.<ref name="EOHC-Pawnee" />  Finally, the federal government built a reservoir named Pawnee Lake two miles north of town in 1932; the lake has 5.4 miles of shoreline, a surface area of 310 acres, and a maximum depth of 24.3 feet.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.wildlifedepartment.com/fishing/wheretofish/northeast/pawnee-lake |title=Pawnee Lake|publisher=Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation|accessdate=July 4, 2024}}</ref>

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|2.2|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 1464
|1910= 2161
|1920= 2418
|1930= 2562
|1940= 2742
|1950= 2861
|1960= 2303
|1970= 2443
|1980= 1688
|1990= 2197
|2000= 2230
|2010= 2196
|2020= 1936
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,230 people, 878 households, and 581 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,015.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,054 housing units at an average density of {{convert|479.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 63.18% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.59% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 27.89% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.18% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.16% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 878 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,962, and the median income for a family was $32,850. Males had a median income of $28,182 versus $20,139 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $12,970. About 16.8% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 23.4% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
Pawnee has an [[alderman]]ic form of government.<ref name="EOHC-Pawnee" />

==2016 earthquake==
{{main|2016 Oklahoma earthquake}}

A 5.8-magnitude earthquake struck near Pawnee on September&nbsp;3, 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title=M5.8 - 15km NW of Pawnee, Oklahoma|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us10006jxs#executive|publisher=USGS|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> causing cracks and minor damage to buildings. It was the strongest recorded earthquake in state history, exceeding the 5.7 magnitude [[2011 Oklahoma earthquake|2011 earthquake near Prague, Oklahoma]].<ref>Wilmoth, Adam. [http://newsok.com/pawnee-earthquake-upgraded-to-magnitude-5.8/article/5517153 "Pawnee earthquake upgraded to magnitude 5.8"] ''The Oklahoman'', September 7, 2016. Accessed September 7, 2016.</ref> The earthquake was caused by the deep injection of wastewater created by the practice of [[fracking]] to release oil trapped in shale rock.

==Items of interest==
[[Image:Peerless Steam Threshing Engine Pawnee County Courthouse Oklahoma.JPG|thumb|right|Peerless Steam Threshing Engine (Corliss engine) on Static Display at Pawnee County Courthouse]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Dicktracy (mural).jpg|thumb|right|Dick Tracy mural in downtown Pawnee]] -->
* The Pawnee Indian Veterans Homecoming and Powwow, which occurs the weekend that falls closest to the 4th of July.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.pawneenation.org/page/home/pawnee-history| title= Pawnee History | publisher= Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma | access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
* Served by [[Meridian Technology Center]]<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.meridiantech.edu/| title= Homepage | publisher= Meridian Technology Center | access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Pawnee High School]]<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.pawnee.k12.ok.us/10240_1| title= High School | publisher= Pawnee Public Schools | access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
* Home of the [[Pawnee people]] and government.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.pawneenation.org/page/home/| title= Homepage | publisher= Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma | access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>
*Pawnee Lake, consisting of 530 surface acres with boating, fishing, and camping, and having a 9-hole golf course and horse facilities adjacent.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.5777| title= Pawnee Lake | publisher= TravelOK.com | access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Pawnee Bill]] Historical Museum, with exhibits related to Pawnee Bill, the Wild West Shows and the Pawnees.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.5773| title= Pawnee Bill Ranch Historic Site & Museum| publisher= TravelOK | access-date=March 24, 2020}}</ref>
* Oklahoma Steam and Gas Engine Show.<ref name ="Threshers">{{cite web | url=http://www.oklahomathreshers.org/| title= Welcome to the official site of the Oklahoma Steam and Gas Engine Show | publisher= Oklahoma Steam Threshers and Gas Engine Association| access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>  This annual event by the Oklahoma Steam Threshers and Gas Engine Association is during the first Friday, Saturday and Sunday in May.<ref name="Threshers" />
* Pawnee Bill Memorial Rodeo.<ref name="Rodeo">{{cite web | url=http://www.cityofpawnee.com/pawnee-bill-memorial-rodeo/| title= Pawnee Bill Memorial Rodeo | publisher= City of Pawnee | access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>  The event typically includes a Western Heritage Week, a Draft Horse and Mule Sale, an "Old Time Saturday Night" Car-Cruze-In, a youth rodeo, and a Ranch Rodeo.<ref name="Rodeo" />
* Pawnee Bill’s Original Wild West Show<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.okhistory.org/sites/pbshow| title= Pawnee Bill's Original Wild West Show | publisher= Oklahoma Historical Society | access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>  
* Large [[Dick Tracy]] wall mural<ref name= "Museum" />
* Pawnee County Historical Society Museum & Dick Tracy Headquarters.<ref name="Museum">{{cite web | url= https://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.5776| title= Pawnee County Historical Society Museum & Dick Tracy Headquarters| publisher= TravelOK.com | access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>  The Museum preserves the names, places and history of the Pawnee community, displays artifacts from area ghost towns, shows pieces of Pawnee Tribe history, and showcases Dick Tracy memorabilia.<ref name= "Museum" />

==Historic sites==
{{main|National Register of Historic Places listings in Pawnee County, Oklahoma}}
Eight of 12 NRHP-listed sites in Pawnee County are located in Pawnee, including:
*[[Arkansas Valley National Bank]]
*[[Pawnee Bill Ranch|Blue Hawk Peak Ranch]], a/k/a the Pawnee Bill Ranch
*[[Corliss Steam Engine (Pawnee, Oklahoma)|Corliss Steam Engine]], at the Pawnee County Fairgrounds
*[[Pawnee Agency and Boarding School Historic District]]
*[[Pawnee Armory]]
*[[Pawnee County Courthouse (Oklahoma)|Pawnee County Courthouse]]
*[[Pawnee Indian Agency]]
*[[Pawnee Municipal Swimming Pool and Bathhouse]]

==Notable people==
* [[Kenneth D. Bailey]], [[Medal of Honor]] recipient
* [[Bill Bredde]], Football defensive back and halfback who played for [[Oklahoma State University]] and the [[Chicago Cardinals]] in 1954.
* [[Carter Camp]], Native American activist
* [[Ernest E. Evans]], Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy, Medal of Honor recipient for action as commander of Destroyer {{USS|Johnston|DD-557}} off Samar Island, Philippines, 1944
* [[Chester Gould]], cartoonist, creator of [[Dick Tracy]]
* [[Saginaw Grant]], actor, dancer, and motivational speaker 
* [[Clyde LeForce]], selected by the Detroit Lions in the 19th round of the 1945 NFL Draft
* [[Pawnee Bill|Gordon W. Lillie]] (aka Pawnee Bill), Wild West Show presenter
* [[May Lillie]], Wild West Show performer, sharpshooter and equestrian
* [[John Joseph Mathews|John J. Mathews]], historian
* [[Neil E. McNeil]], was city and county judge of Pawnee (1905–11), then Associate Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court (1914-1919)
* [[Steve Ripley]], musician, leader of The Tractors
* [[Little Britches (outlaw)|Jennie Stevenson]] (aka Little Britches), female bandit associated with her companion in crime, [[Cattle Annie]], escaped from custody temporarily from a restaurant in Pawnee in 1895.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KLrfdOrI78C&q=the+outlaw+Little+Britches&pg=PA325|title=Encyclopedia of Western Gunfighters, p. 325|year=1991|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] at [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]], [[Oklahoma]] (1979)|isbn=978-0-8061-2335-6|access-date=December 27, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Della Warrior]] (b. 1946), born in Pawnee, served as first (and so far, only) female chair of the [[Otoe-Missouria Tribe]]. Also was president of the [[Institute of American Indian Arts]].
* [[Chief Yellow Horse|Moses J. "Chief" YellowHorse]], first full blooded Native American Pro Baseball Player (Pittsburgh Pirates, 1921-2)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cityofpawnee.com City of Pawnee]
* [http://www.PawneeCHS.org Pawnee County Historical Society]
* [http://www.pawneenation.org Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma and Nebraska]
* [http://www.pawneenationcollege.org Pawnee Nation College]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216174417/http://www.pawnee-ps.k12.ok.us/ Pawnee Public Schools]

{{Pawnee County, Oklahoma}}

{{Tulsa metro}}
{{Oklahoma county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Pawnee, Oklahoma| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Pawnee County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Cities in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:County seats in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Tulsa metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Seats of government of American Indian reservations]]