Editing Pawhuska, Oklahoma

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{for-multi|the Osage Indian leader|White Hair|the United States Navy large harbor tug|Pawhuska (YTB-822)}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Pawhuska, Oklahoma
|native_name              = 𐓄𐓘𐓢𐓶𐓮𐓤𐓘<Br/><small>''hpahúska''</small>
|settlement_type          = [[City]]

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Pawhuska (1).jpg
|image_caption            = Historic Downtown Pawhuska (2005)
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = OKMap-doton-Pawhuska.PNG
|map_caption              = Location within [[Oklahoma]]
|image_map1               =
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_footnotes    = <ref name=gnis/>
|coordinates              = {{coord|36|40|04|N|96|20|14|W|region:US-OK_type:city_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oklahoma]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Osage County, Oklahoma|Osage]]

<!-- Established -->
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1872 (Deep Ford)
|established_title1       = [[Platted]]
|established_date1        =
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        =
|named_for                = [[White Hair|Paw-Hiu-Skah]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Susan Bayro ([[Oklahoma Republican Party|R]])

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 3.71
|area_land_sq_mi          = 3.69
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.01
|area_total_km2           = 9.61
|area_land_km2            = 9.57
|area_water_km2           = 0.04
|unit_pref                = Imperial

<!-- Elevation -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 820

<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census-2020-Profile"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 2984
|pop_est_footnotes        =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_est           =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2   = auto

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code              = 74056
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[area codes 539 and 918|539/918]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 40-57600
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info              = 2411388<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2411388|Pawhuska, Oklahoma}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://www.pawhuska.org/|pawhuska.org}}
}}

'''Pawhuska''' ([[Osage language|Osage]]: 𐓄𐓘𐓢𐓶𐓮𐓤𐓘, ''hpahúska'', lit.: ''White Hair''; [[Chiwere language|Chiwere]]: ''Paháhga'') is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Osage County, Oklahoma]], United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city was 2,984.<ref name="Census-2020-Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile of Pawhuska, Oklahoma in 2020 |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Pawhuska_city,_Oklahoma?g=160XX00US4057600 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825194538/https://data.census.gov/profile/Pawhuska_city,_Oklahoma?g=160XX00US4057600 |archive-date=August 25, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>  It was named after the 19th-century Osage chief, [[White Hair|''Paw-Hiu-Skah'']], which means "White Hair" in English.<ref name="EOHC-Pawhuska">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=PA020 Jon D. May,   "Pawhuska." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.''] Accessed 30 Jan 2010</ref>  The [[Osage Nation|Osage tribal government]], which opened offices in Pawhuska in 1872 when its reservation was established in [[Indian Territory]], continues to be based in Pawhuska.

==History==
The town, originally known as Deep Ford,<ref name = "EOHC-Osage">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=OS004 Jon D. May,  "Osage County", ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.] Retrieved September 25, 2011.</ref> was established in 1872 with the reservation for the [[Osage Nation]], part of [[Indian Territory]]. The Osage Indian Agency was located along [[Bird Creek]]. One of the three main bands of the tribe settled here. Traders followed, building stores during 1872 and 1873. Pawhuska's first newspaper, the ''Indian Herald'' (also known as ''Wah-Sha-She News.''), was founded in 1875 by George Edward Tinker, an Osage who became the father of [[Clarence L. Tinker]], highest-ranking Native American officer in the US Army.<ref name="TinkerAF">[http://www.tinker.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100629-060.pdf "Major General Clarence L. Tinker"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219222259/http://www.tinker.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100629-060.pdf |date=2013-02-19 }}, Retrieved January 17, 2012.</ref> The first post office opened in 1876.<ref name = "EOHC-Pawhuska" />

The [[Midland Valley Railroad]] reached Pawhuska in September 1905. By the time of statehood in 1907, the town population was 2,407.<ref name = "EOHC-Pawhuska" />

The first [[Boy Scouts (Boy Scouts of America)|Boy Scout]] troop is claimed to have been organized in Pawhuska in May 1909 by John F. Mitchell, a missionary priest from England sent to St. Thomas Episcopal Church by the [[Church of England]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.osagecohistoricalmuseum.com/scouts.html |title=Home of the First Boy Scout Troop in America |access-date=2006-07-17 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926221920/http://www.osagecohistoricalmuseum.com/scouts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence day]] weekend 2009, the Pawhuska Boy Scout troop celebrated its [[centennial]] with a mini-[[Jamboree (Scouting)|jamboree]] attended by over 300 Scouts from across the United States.

During the Osage [[oil boom]] of the 1910s and 1920s, Pawhuska was the site of big-money public auctions of oil and gas leases under the so-called “[[Million Dollar Elm]]” next to the Osage Council House.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoghs.org/petroleum-pioneers/million-dollar-elm/ |title=Million Dollar Elm |publisher=American Oil and Gas Historical Society|access-date=September 3, 2020}}</ref> The population grew to 6,414 by 1920. The [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad]] extended its line from Owen, a community in [[Washington County, Oklahoma|Washington County]], to Pawhuska in 1923. As the oil boom declined and the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] set in, the population declined. The steady decline has continued to the present.

[[Minor league baseball]] came to Pawhuska briefly in the 1920s in the form of two teams: the [[Pawhuska Huskers]], which operated from 1920 to 1921, and the [[Pawhuska Osages]], which operated for part of the 1922 season before folding.

==Geography==
Pawhuska is {{convert|57|miles|km}} northwest of [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]].<ref name = "EOHC-Pawhuska" /> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|3.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land. The city lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 7a ({{convert|0|to|5|F|C|disp=semicolon}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map {{!}} USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=planthardiness.ars.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZIP Code 74056 - Pawhuska, Oklahoma Hardiness Zones |url=https://www.plantmaps.com/74056 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.plantmaps.com}}</ref> The [[Tallgrass Prairie Preserve]] lies north of the town.<ref name="EOHC-Pawhuska" />

==Demographics==
[[Image:Bureau of Indian Affairs Osage Agency.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|The Bureau of Indian Affairs' Osage Agency building in Pawhuska, adjacent to the Osage Nation Campus (2022)]]
{{US Census population
|1910= 2776
|1920= 6414
|1930= 5931
|1940= 5443
|1950= 5331
|1960= 5414
|1970= 4278
|1980= 4771
|1990= 3825
|2000= 3629
|2010= 3584
|2020= 2984
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/prod/abs/www/decennial/ U.S. Decennial Census]
}}
<ref>{{cite web |title=Pawhuska |url=https://www.oklahoma-demographics.com/pawhuska-demographics |website=Oklahoma Demographics |access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref>
Pawhuska is in the [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]] metropolitan area, which includes part of Osage County.

The population of the city was 3,589 at the [[United States Census, 2010|2010 census]], a decline of 1.2 percent from 3,629 at the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.muninetguide.com/states/oklahoma/pawhuska/ |title=MuniNet Guide: Pawhuska, Oklahoma. |access-date=2011-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014061134/http://www.muninetguide.com/states/oklahoma/pawhuska/ |archive-date=2013-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 3,629 people, 1,513 households, and 954 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|966.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,802 housing units at an average density of {{convert|479.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 64.98% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.78% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 25.46% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.25% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.52% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.01% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.85% of the population.

There were 1,513 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,156, and the median income for a family was $31,599. Males had a median income of $25,682 versus $17,690 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,916. About 13.7% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
Other than cattle ranches nearby, local employment consisted primarily of a brick plant, a creamery, an ice factory, and a rock crusher.<ref name = "EOHC-Pawhuska" /> The Osage Nation has opened a gaming casino here, hoping to generate revenue for the tribe.

In 2016, "Pioneer Woman" [[Ree Drummond]] opened The Mercantile on Main Street. Since 2011 she has had a TV series, named after her blog, on The Food Network. Her store and restaurant are related ventures. By 2018 the restaurant was serving up to 6,000 people per day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eater.com/2017/2/23/14712254/pioneer-woman-restaurant-mercantile-pawhuska-oklahoma-hours-menu|title=The Pioneer Woman Serves 6,000 People a Day at Her Restaurant|work=Eater|access-date=2018-07-03}}</ref>

Drummond also operates a boutique hotel,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwboardinghouse.com/|title=The Pioneer Woman Boarding House|website=The Pioneer Woman Boarding House|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-03}}</ref> The PW Boarding House. She offers tours of her cooking lodge on nearby Drummond Ranch, the base for her TV show, [[The Pioneer Woman (TV series)|The Pioneer Woman]].

==Government==
[[File:PawhuskaCityHall.jpg|thumb|right|Pawhuska City Hall (2007)]]
Pawhuska has a [[home rule]] charter form of government.<ref name = "EOHC-Pawhuska" />

==Education==
The area is served by [[Pawhuska Public Schools]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40113_osage/DC20SD_C40113.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Osage County, OK|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-01-21}}</ref> which operates Pawhuska High School.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/oklahoma/districts/pawhuska/pawhuska-hs-16189|title=Pawhuska High School|website=Usnews.com|access-date=February 1, 2022}}</ref>

There is a private Osage language immersion preschool through 7th grade school, [[Daposka Ahnkodapi Elementary School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/services/education-services/daposka-ahnkodapi-elementary|title=Daposka Ahnkodapi Elementary|publisher=Osage Nation|access-date=2024-01-28}}</ref> It opened in 2015 and was accredited in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/news-events/news/osage-nations-immersion-school-daposka-ahnkodapi-receives-accreditation|title=Osage Nation's Immersion School, Daposka Ahnkodapi, Receives Accreditation |publisher=Osage Nation|access-date=2024-01-28}}</ref>

[[Oklahoma State University]] has an Osage County Extension Office near Pawhuska.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://extension.okstate.edu/county/osage/|title=OSAGE COUNTY EXTENSION OFFICE|publisher=[[Oklahoma State University]]|access-date=2024-03-12|quote=Osage County OSU Extension Center 1039 Old Highway 99 Pawhuska, OK 74056}}</ref>

In the past there was a [[Native American boarding school|federally-run boarding school]] for Osage students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc228907/|title=Osage Indian Government School in Pawhuska, Oklahoma Territory|publisher=[[Oklahoma Historical Society]]|access-date=2024-01-27}}</ref> It was known as the McCabe Boarding School, a.k.a. Osage Boarding School a.k.a. Pawhuska Boarding School. It began around 1889 and closed at a point up to 1893.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/appendix_a_b_school_listing_profiles_508.pdf|title=List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools|publisher=[[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]|access-date=2024-01-27|page=218/435}}</ref> Additionally, St. Louis School for Osage Indian Girls, created by the Roman Catholic Church, began in 1887 and closed at a point up to 1949.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/appendix_a_b_school_listing_profiles_508.pdf|title=List of Federal Indian Boarding Schools|publisher=[[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]|access-date=2024-01-27|page=355/435}}</ref>

==Media==
Radio stations licensed to Pawhuska include:
*[[KPGM]] Radio 1500 AM, featuring local news until 8:00am and the Sports Animal Format out of Oklahoma City
*[[KOSG]] 103.9 FM, featuring Southern Gospel music.

The local newspaper is the ''Pawhuska Journal-Capital''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pawhuskajournalcapital.com/ |title=Homepage|publisher= Pawhuska Journal-Capital|access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref>  Its roots go back to two papers which subsequently merged: ''The Capital'' and ''The Journal'', each established in 1904.<ref name=AboutUs>{{cite web|url=https://www.pawhuskajournalcapital.com/about|title=About Us|publisher=Pawhuska Journal-Capital|access-date=August 5, 2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622043219/https://www.pawhuskajournalcapital.com/about|url-status=dead}}</ref>  The ''Journal-Capital'' has been in continuous publication under that name since April 6, 1925.<ref name=AboutUs />

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
Pawhuska is served by one U.S. Highway and two state highways.

*[[U.S. Route 60 in Oklahoma|US-60]] is an east–west highway that enters Pawhuska on the east side of town at the junction of SH-99/SH-11 and follows Main Street. The highway will exit Pawhuska to the west near Elk Lodge Drive.
*[[Oklahoma State Highway 11|SH-11]] is a predominately east–west state highway that enters Pawhuska on the east side of town at the junction of US-60/OK-99 and runs along Main Street. Like US-60, the highway will exit Pawhuska to the west near Elk Lodge Drive.
*[[Oklahoma State Highway 99|SH-99]] is a north–south state highway. SH-99 will skirt Pawhuska on the east side of town and [[concurrency (road)|run concurrently]] with US-60 to Main Street, where it will continue south. SH-99 will then overlap OK-11 until the highway exits Pawhuska near Osage County Road 2625.

Pawhuska Municipal Airport, FAA Identifier H76, is a single runway airport located on US-60 and Osage County Road 4291, about four miles west of the city.<ref name=H76>{{cite web|url= https://www.airnav.com/airport/H76 |title=Pawhuska Municipal Airport|publisher=AirNav.com|access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> Runway 35/17 is paved, {{convert|3,200|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} and {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}}.<ref name=H76 />  The airport opened in September 1945.<ref name=H76 />

==Notable people==
{{div col}}
* [[Louis F. Burns]] (Osage), historian and author of 13 books about the Osage Indians<ref name=osage>{{cite news|title=Osage historian, lecturer Louis Burns dies at 92|url=http://www.osagetribe.com/museum/news_story.aspx?news_id=2650|work=Pawhuska Journal-Capital|publisher=Osage Nation Museum|date=2012-05-22|access-date=2012-06-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711021313/http://www.osagetribe.com/museum/news_story.aspx?news_id=2650|archive-date=2012-07-11}}</ref>
* [[Bill Campbell (gridiron football)|Bill Campbell]], American player of gridiron football
* [[G. R. Carter]], [[jockey]]
* [[Ree Drummond]], blogger, author, food writer and television personality
* [[Lucy Tayiah Eads]], Kaw tribal chief<ref name=KHS>{{cite web|title=Lucy Tayiah Eads|url=http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/lucy-tayiah-eads/18324|publisher=Kansas Historical Society|access-date=10 April 2014}}</ref>
* [[Ben Johnson (actor)|Ben Johnson]], actor
* [[M. John Kane IV]], Oklahoma Supreme Court Justice
* [[John Joseph Mathews]] (Osage), historian and author
* [[Paul Miller (journalist)|Paul Miller]], journalist
* [[Carter Revard]], writer and poet
* [[William Salyers]], actor
* [[Mitch Schauer]], creator of ''[[The Angry Beavers]]''
* [[Larry Sellers]], actor
* [[Shockley Shoemake]], Oklahoma state legislator and lawyer
* [[Clarence L. Tinker]] (Osage), [[United States Air Force]] general and namesake of [[Tinker Air Force Base]]
{{div col end}}

==In popular culture==
* In 1930, prairie and oilfield scenes for the film ''[[Cimarron (1931 film)|Cimarron]]'' were filmed in Pawhuska.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://osagenews.org/en/article/2021/01/10/osage-inspired-cinema/|title=Osage-Inspired Cinema|website=Osagenews.org|access-date=1 February 2022|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213238/http://osagenews.org/en/article/2021/01/10/osage-inspired-cinema/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Tracy Letts]]' [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning play ''[[August: Osage County]]'' (2007) is set in a country house near Pawhuska, and the [[August: Osage County (film)|2013 film of the same name]] was partially filmed there.<ref name=Films/>
* The [[Terrence Malick]] film ''[[To the Wonder]]'' (2012) was partially filmed in Pawhuska.<ref name=Films/>
* The movie ''[[Killers of the Flower Moon (film)|Killers of the Flower Moon]]'' (2023) was primarily filmed in Pawhuska.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hnentertainment.co/robert-deniro-reportedly-joins-leonardo-dicaprio-in-martin-scorsese-crime-thriller-killers-of-the-flower-moon-begins-filming-next-spring-summer/|title=Robert De Niro Reportedly Joins Leonardo DiCaprio In Martin Scorsese's Crime Thriller 'Killers of The Flower Moon'|website=HN Entertainment|access-date=October 25, 2019|date=July 27, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022034909/https://hnentertainment.co/robert-deniro-reportedly-joins-leonardo-dicaprio-in-martin-scorsese-crime-thriller-killers-of-the-flower-moon-begins-filming-next-spring-summer/|archive-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref><ref name=Films>{{cite web|url= https://tulsaworld.com/entertainment/movies/before-killers-of-the-flower-moon-premiere-here-are-55-other-shot-in-oklahoma-films/article_37eb0eda-ec54-11ed-84b1-035e3aff0e83.html |title=Before 'Killers of the Flower Moon' premiere, here are 55 other shot-in-Oklahoma films|publisher=Jimmie Tramel, Tulsa World, May 13, 2023|accessdate=May 15, 2023}}</ref>
* Pro wrestler [[Chief Jay Strongbow]], was billed from Pawhuska.

== Sister cities ==
* [[Montauban]] ([[France]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |first=Kenny A. |last=Franks |title=The Osage Oil Boom |location=Oklahoma City |publisher=Oklahoma Heritage Association |year=1989 |oclc=84216747 }} 
* {{cite book |title=Osage County Profiles |location=Pawhuska, Okla. |publisher=Osage County Historical Society |year=1978 }} 
* {{cite book |chapter=Pawhuska |title=Vertical File |publisher=Research Division, Oklahoma Historical Society |location=Oklahoma City }}
* {{cite book |first=Les |last=Warehime |title=History of Ranching the Osage |location=Tulsa, Okla. |publisher=W. W. Publishing |year=2000 |oclc=865808685 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pawhuska, Oklahoma}}
* [https://www.pawhuska.org/ City of Pawhuska]

{{Osage County, Oklahoma}}
{{Oklahoma county seats}}
{{Tulsa metro}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Osage County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Cities in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Populated places within the Osage Nation reservation]]
[[Category:County seats in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Tulsa metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1872]]
[[Category:1872 establishments in Indian Territory]]
[[Category:Former colonial and territorial capitals in the United States]]
[[Category:Seats of government of American Indian reservations]]