Editing Pavel Sukhoi

{{Short description|Soviet aerospace engineer (1895–1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox engineer
|image                =Pawieł Suchoj.png
|image_size           =
|alt                  =
|caption              = Sukhoi on a 2020 stamp of Belarus
|name                 = Pavel Sukhoi
|birth_date           = {{Birth date|1895|07|22|df=y}}
|birth_place          = [[Hlybokaye]], Russian Empire
|death_date           = {{Death date and age|1975|09|15|1895|07|22|df=y}}
|death_place          = Moscow, Soviet Union
|education            =
|spouse               = Sofia Tenchinskaya (1895-1982)
|parents              =
|children             =
|discipline           = [[Aeronautical Engineering]]
|institutions         =
|practice_name        =
|employer             = [[Sukhoi Design Bureau]]
|significant_projects =
|significant_design   =
|significant_advance  =
|significant_awards   =
|native_name={{nobold|Павел Сухой}}}}

'''Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi'''<ref>Variously [[Romanization of Russian|romanized]] as ''Sukhoy'', ''Sukhoj''</ref> ({{langx|ru|Павел Осипович Сухой}}; {{langx|be|Павел Восіпавіч Сухі}}, ''Paviel Vosipavič Suchi''; 22 July 1895 – 15 September 1975) was a [[Soviet]] [[aerospace engineer]] and [[aircraft designer]] known as the founder of the [[Sukhoi Design Bureau]].<ref>[http://www.monino.ru/ Central Museum of the Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation]</ref> Sukhoi designed military aircraft with [[Tupolev]] and Sukhoi for 50 years, and produced many notable Soviet planes such as the [[Sukhoi Su-7]], [[Sukhoi Su-17|Su-17]], and [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24]]. His planes set two altitude world records (1959, 1962) and two world speed records (1960, 1962). Sukhoi was honored in the Soviet Union as a [[Hero of Socialist Labor]] and awarded the [[Order of Lenin]] three times.<ref name=bse/>

==Biography==
Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi was born 22 July 1895 in [[Hlybokaye]], [[Vilna Governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]],<ref name=bse>[http://endic.ru/enc_sovet/Suho-pavel-osipovich-86520.html Сухой Павел Осипович]. [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> to ethnic [[Belarusian people|Belarusian]] parents of [[peasant]] background. He had five sisters and no brothers.<ref>[[#Kuzmina|Kuzmina]], p. 7</ref> In 1900, Sukhoi's family moved to [[Gomel]] when his father, Osip Andreevich Sukhoi, got a job as a teacher at a school for the children of [[railway]] workers.<ref>[[#Kuzmina|Kuzmina]], p. 8</ref> From 1905 to 1914, Sukhoi attended the [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in Gomel, now the [[Belarusian State University of Transport]]. In 1915, Sukhoi was admitted to the [[Bauman Moscow State Technical University|Imperial Moscow Technical School]] in [[Moscow]] after passing the [[entrance exam]]s. However, Sukhoi's studies were interrupted when he was drafted into the [[Imperial Russian Army]] following the escalation of [[World War I]]. 

Sukhoi attended [[warrant officer]] training assigned to the [[artillery]] of the [[Western Front (Russian Empire)|Russian Western Front]]. Sukhoi was in the Russian Army when it collapsed after the [[October Revolution]] in 1917, returning to Moscow to find his university was closed. Instead, Sukhoi returned to Gomel to live with his parents and was offered a place as a mathematics teacher in the small town of [[Luninets]] near [[Brest-Litovsk]]. In 1919, Sukhoi fled to Gomel as [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] troops advanced on Luninets during the [[Polish–Soviet War]], and began teaching at the school for the children of railway workers headed by his father.<ref>[[#Kuzmina|Kuzmina]], pp. 15–16</ref> Around this time, Sukhoi contracted [[typhus]] and then [[scarlet fever]] which significantly affected his ability to speak, and he developed a reputation as a quiet person for the remainder of his life.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

In 1920, Sukhoi was finally [[demobilized]] from the army because of his health-related problems, and the government of the [[Russian Soviet Republic]] issued a resolution to reopen institutions of [[higher education]] in Russia. Sukhoi returned to his studies at BMSTU and graduated in 1925<ref name=bse/> with his [[thesis]] titles ''Single-engined Pursuit Aircraft of 300 hp'' under the direction of aeronautics pioneer [[Andrei Tupolev]]. In March 1925, Sukhoi started working as an engineer and designer with the [[TsAGI|Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute]] (TsAGI) and Moscow Factory Number 156 under Tupolev. During the following years, Sukhoi designed and constructed aircraft including the record-setting [[Tupolev ANT-25]] and the [[Tupolev TB-1|TB-1]] and [[Tupolev TB-3|TB-3]] heavy [[bomber]]s. In 1932, Sukhoi was appointed head of the engineering and design department of TsAGI, and in 1938 he was promoted to head of the department of design. Sukhoi also developed a multi-purpose light aircraft, the [[Sukhoi Su-2|Su-2]], which saw service in the early years of the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] of [[World War II]].<ref>[[#Kuzmina|Kuzmina]], pp. 18–20</ref>

In September 1939, Sukhoi founded an independent engineering and design department named [[Sukhoi Design Bureau]] (OKB Sukhoi) located in [[Kharkiv]]. Sukhoi was not satisfied with the geographical location of the OKB, which was isolated from the scientific centers of Moscow. Sukhoi insisted that the OKB should relocate to an [[aerodrome]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], and by the first half of 1940 the relocation was completed. By the winter of 1942, Sukhoi encountered another problem: since he had no production line of his own, he had nothing to do. Sukhoi had developed a new [[Ground attack aircraft|ground-attack aircraft]], the [[Sukhoi Su-6|Su-6]], but Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]] decided that this plane should not be put into production, favouring production of the [[Ilyushin Il-2]]. 

In the postwar years, Sukhoi was among the first Soviet aircraft designers who led the work on [[jet aircraft]], creating several experimental jet fighters. From 1949, Sukhoi fell out of Stalin's favour and was forced to return to work under Tupolev, this time as Deputy Chief Designer. In 1953, the year of Stalin's death, Sukhoi was permitted to re-establish his own Sukhoi Design Bureau. Sukhoi produced several major serial combat aircraft during the [[Cold War]], including the [[supersonic]] [[Sukhoi Su-7|Su-7]], which became the main Soviet [[fighter-bomber]] of the 1960s, and [[interceptor aircraft|interceptors]] [[Sukhoi Su-9|Su-9]] and [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15]], which formed the backbone of the [[Soviet Air Defence Forces]]. Sukhoi also pioneered [[variable-sweep wing]] aircraft, such as the [[Sukhoi Su-17|Su-17]] and [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24]]. Sukhoi also started a number of projects that were not developed, including the ambitious Mach-3-capable [[Sukhoi T-3]] [[attack aircraft]]. From 1958 to 1974, Sukhoi served as a deputy of the [[Supreme Soviet of the USSR]].<!-- EDITORS: PLEASE LOOK AT THE TALK PAGE BEFORE DELETING THESE TWO (BARELY USABLE, BUT BETTER THAN NOTHING) CITATIONS.--><ref>{{cite book|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Ftbo%3Dp%26tbm%3Dbks%26q%3D1974%2B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%2B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%2B%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2B%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2B%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0.%2B%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C%2B%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%2B%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&prev=search|title=Belarus: a constellation of political names: historical and biographical reference book &nbsp; ( Беларусь: созвездие политических имен )|page=353|isbn=9789856721987|
author=E.A. Kornilovich|date=2009|publisher=FU Ainform|language=Russian|via=Google Books Russian→English translation}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3j_bAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%2B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%2B%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2B%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2B%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0.%2B%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C%2B%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%2B%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%26dq%3D%2B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%2B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%2B%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2B%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%2B%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0.%2B%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C%2B%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%2B%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&prev=search|title=Unknown Sukhoi : years in a secret design bureau &nbsp; ( Неизвестный Сухой. Годы в секретном КБ )|page=<!--unknown-->|isbn=9785457239777|author=Leonid Lipmanovich Antseliovich|date=2008|publisher=Yauza|location=Minsk|language=Russian|via=Google Books Russian→English translation}}</ref>

Sukhoi died on 15 September 1975 at the Barvikha sanatorium in Moscow, and was buried in the [[Novodevichy Cemetery]].<ref name=me/> The last fighter Sukhoi designed was the T-10 ([[Sukhoi Su-27|Su-27]]) but he did not live to see it fly.

==Awards and honors==
[[File:Pavel Sukhoi 2020 stampsheet of Russia.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Sukhoi and some of his planes on a 2020 stamp sheet of Russia]]
* [[Hero of Socialist Labor]] (1957, 1965)<ref name=bse/>
* [[Lenin Prize]] (1968)<ref name=me>[http://endic.ru/enc_moscow/Suho-pavel-osipovich-2284.html Сухой Павел Осипович]. Moscow Encyclopedia</ref>
* [[State Stalin Prize|Stalin Prize]], first class (1943)—for the creation of the [[Su-6]]<ref name=me/>
* [[USSR State Prize]] (1975—posthumous)<ref name=me/>
* Three [[Orders of Lenin]] (1945, 1957, 1975)<ref name=bse/>
* [[Order of the October Revolution]]
* [[Order of the Badge of Honour]] (1936)
* [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] (1938)
* [[Order of the Red Star]] (1933)
* Tupolev Gold Medal—For outstanding work in the field of aeronautical science and engineering (1975)

== Memory ==
* [[Sukhoi|Sukhoi Design Bureau]] is a Russian specialized scientific and engineering design institution; specializes in the design, construction and testing of aviation equipment; bears the name of the founder and first head Pavel Sukhoi; legally registered as JSC Sukhoi Design Bureau; Since January 1, 2013 — a branch, with the name "Sukhoi Design Bureau"; one of the leading aviation design bureaus in the world.
* [[Sukhoi|JSC Sukhoi Company]], formerly SUE AVPK Sukhoi, is a Russian company engaged in the design, production, marketing, training of flight personnel, after—sales service, including the supply of spare parts and equipment for combat and civil aircraft the Su and Be brands; created on the basis of the former state aviation plant No. 51; is named after Pavel Sukhoi.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Cited sources==
*{{cite book|ref=Kuzmina|author=Kuzmina, L. M. |title= Генеральный [авиационный] конструктор Павел Сухой. Страницы жизни. |place=Moscow|publisher=Molodaya Gvardiya |year=1983}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Pavel Sukhoi}}
* Bull, Stephan (2004). ''Encyclopedia of Military Technology and Innovation''. Greenwood. {{ISBN|1-57356-557-1}}.
* Duffy, Paul (December 1996). ''Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft''. Society of Automotive Engineers. {{ISBN|1-56091-899-3}}.
* Gordon, Yefim (2008). ''Soviet Air Power in World War II''. Midland Publishing. {{ISBN|1-85780-304-3}}.
* Pederson, Jay (1998). ''International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 24''. St James Press. {{ISBN|1-55862-365-5}}.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukhoi, Pavel Osipovich}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hlybokaye]]
[[Category:People from Disnensky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union]]
[[Category:Belarusian engineers]]
[[Category:Soviet aerospace engineers]]
[[Category:Sukhoi]]
[[Category:Bauman Moscow State Technical University alumni]]
[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the USSR State Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Lenin Prize]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
[[Category:Russian scientists]]