Editing Patty Hearst

{{short description|American kidnapping victim and actress (born 1954)}}
{{for|the 1988 film|Patty Hearst (film){{!}}''Patty Hearst'' (film)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = Patricia Hearst
| image         = Patti Hearst1.jpg
| caption       = Hearst in 1994
| birth_name    = Patricia Campbell Hearst
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1954|2|20}}
| birth_place   = <!--NOTE: DO NOT change birthplace. Reliable sources cite Hearst's birthplace as San Francisco, including the California Birth Index and bibliographic sources-->[[San Francisco]], [[California]], U.S.
| alma_mater    = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| known_for     = Being kidnapped and indoctrinated by the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]]
| spouse        = {{marriage|Bernard Lee Shaw|1979|2013|reason=died}}
| children      = 2; including [[Lydia Hearst]]
| father        = [[Randolph Apperson Hearst]]
| relatives     = [[Hearst family]]
}}
'''Patricia Campbell Hearst''' (born February 20, 1954) is an American actress and member of the [[Hearst family]]. She is the granddaughter of American publishing magnate [[William Randolph Hearst]]. 

She first became known for the events following her 1974 [[kidnapping]] by the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]]. She was found and arrested 19 months after being abducted, by which time she was a fugitive wanted for serious crimes committed with members of the group. She was held in custody, and there was speculation before trial that her family's resources would enable her to avoid time in prison.

At her trial, the prosecution suggested that Hearst had joined the Symbionese Liberation Army of her own volition. However, she testified that she had been raped and threatened with death while held captive. In 1976, she was convicted for the crime of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison, later reduced to seven years. Her sentence was commuted by President [[Jimmy Carter]], and she was later pardoned by President [[Bill Clinton]].

In the 1990s, she began acting in films and television after being approached by film director [[John Waters]].<ref name="EW">{{cite magazine |last1=Lovece |first1=Frank |title=Patty Hearst's walk into Hollywood |url=https://ew.com/article/1994/04/22/patty-hearsts-walk-hollywood/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=January 2, 2025 |date=April 22, 1994}}</ref>

==Early life ==
Hearst, who prefers to be called Patricia rather than Patty,<ref name="cnn-profile">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/hearst/profile.html|title=Patty Hearst Profile – Radically different – Heiress' life far removed from days of '74 kidnapping|publisher=[[CNN]]|last=Zahn|first=Paula|date=April 16, 2001|access-date=July 5, 2014|archive-date=October 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017203827/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/hearst/profile.html|url-status=live}}</ref> was born on February 20, 1954, in [[San Francisco]], California,<ref name=cnn>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/hearst/profile.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|title=Radically different: Heiress' life far removed from days of '74 kidnapping|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628205834/http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/hearst/profile.html|archive-date=June 28, 2012|access-date=April 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Women in World History|year=2000|author1=Commire, Anne|author2=Klezmer, Deborah|publisher=Yorkin Publications|volume=7|isbn=978-0-787-64066-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/womeninworldhist07comm/page/137 137]|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninworldhist07comm|url-access=registration}}</ref> the third of five daughters of [[Randolph Apperson Hearst]] and Catherine Wood Campbell. She was raised primarily in [[Hillsborough, California|Hillsborough]] and attended the private [[Crystal Springs Uplands School|Crystal Springs School for Girls]] there, [[Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton|Sacred Heart]] in [[Atherton, California|Atherton]], and the [[Santa Catalina School]] in [[Monterey, California|Monterey]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=April 29, 1974|title=CRIME: The Hearst Nightmare|language=en-US|magazine=Time|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,911211-7,00.html|access-date=June 14, 2020|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614035116/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,911211-7,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She attended [[Menlo College]] in [[Atherton, California]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Macomber|first=Frank|title=At Menlo, Patty A Brilliant Student|newspaper=Desert Sun|date=May 22, 1974|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19740522.2.30&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1|access-date=June 14, 2020|page=A3|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614035116/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19740522.2.30&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1|url-status=live}}</ref> before transferring to the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. 

Hearst's grandfather [[William Randolph Hearst]] created the largest newspaper, magazine, newsreel and film business in the world. Her great-grandmother was philanthropist [[Phoebe Hearst]]. The family wielded immense political influence and had opposed organized labor, gold mine workers' interests, and [[communism]] since before [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pizzitola|first=Louis|year=2002|title=Hearst Over Hollywood: Power, Passion, and Propaganda in the Movies|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=0-231-11646-2|pages=333–338}}</ref> Hearst's father was among a number of heirs to the family fortune and did not control the Hearst interests. Her parents had not considered it necessary to take preventive measures to ensure their children's personal security. At the time of her abduction, Hearst was a [[sophomore (education)|sophomore]] at Berkeley studying art history. She lived with her fiancé Steven Weed in an apartment in Berkeley.<ref name="cnn-profile"/>

==Symbionese Liberation Army==
===Kidnapping===
On February 4, 1974, 19-year-old Hearst was kidnapped from her Berkeley apartment. A small [[urban guerrilla warfare|urban guerrilla]] left-wing group called the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] (SLA) claimed responsibility for the abduction.<ref name="fbi-famous">{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/famous-cases/patty-hearst-kidnapping|website=FBI.gov|title=Patty Hearst Kidnapping|access-date=April 15, 2014|archive-date=April 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423001815/http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/famous-cases/patty-hearst-kidnapping|url-status=live}}</ref> Hearst's kidnapping was partly opportunistic, as she resided near the SLA hideout. According to testimony at trial, the group's main intention was to leverage the [[Hearst family]]'s political influence to free SLA members Russ Little and [[Joe Remiro]], who had been arrested for the November 1973 murder of [[Marcus Foster]], superintendent of Oakland public schools.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

After the state refused to free the men, the SLA demanded that Hearst's family distribute $70 worth of food to every needy Californian, an operation that would cost an estimated $400 million. In response, Hearst's father obtained a loan and arranged the immediate donation of $2 million worth of food to the poor of the [[San Francisco Bay Area|Bay Area]] for one year in a project called People in Need. After the distribution descended into chaos, the SLA refused to release Hearst.<ref name="Patrick Mondout">{{cite web |url=http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/News/Special-Reports/Terrorism/SLA/Chronology.asp |title=SLA Chronology |access-date=January 21, 2007 |last=Patrick Mondout |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420055116/http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/News/Special-Reports/Terrorism/SLA/Chronology.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2008 }}</ref>

According to Hearst's testimony at her 1976 trial, she was held for a week in a closet, blindfolded and with her hands tied. During this time, SLA founder Cinque ([[Donald DeFreeze]]) repeatedly threatened her with death.<ref name="law2.umkc.edu">{{cite web|title=Excerpt of Cross-Examination of Defendant, Patty Hearst|work=Selected Trial Transcript Excerpts in the Patty Hearst Trial|url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearstranscriptexcerpts.html|access-date=December 30, 2014|archive-date=March 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306033237/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearstranscriptexcerpts.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She was allowed to leave the closet for meals, still blindfolded, and began to participate in the group's political discussions. She was given a flashlight for reading and SLA political tracts to memorize. Hearst was confined in the closet for weeks. She said, "DeFreeze told me that the war council had decided or was thinking about killing me or me staying with them, and that I better start thinking about that as a possibility. ... I accommodated my thoughts to coincide with theirs."<ref name="law2.umkc.edu"/> In an April 1974 account, Hearst claimed that she had been offered the choice of being released or joining the SLA.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/04/archives/miss-hearst-says-she-joins-terrorists-patricia-hearst-says-she-has.html|title=Miss Hearst Says She Joins Terrorists|last=Caldwell|first=Earl|date=April 4, 1974|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 16, 2020|archive-date=October 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012052347/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/04/archives/miss-hearst-says-she-joins-terrorists-patricia-hearst-says-she-has.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

When asked for her decision, Hearst elected to remain and fight with the SLA. The blindfold was removed, allowing her to see her captors for the first time. After this, she was given daily lessons on her duties, especially weapon drills. [[Angela Atwood]] told Hearst that the others wanted Hearst to share in the sexual freedom within the unit. Hearst later claimed to have been raped by [[Willie Wolfe|William "Willie" Wolfe]] and DeFreeze.<ref name="law2.umkc.edu"/><ref>{{cite news|location=San Francisco|title=Patty Hearst describes closet rape by captors|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|date=February 18, 1976}}</ref><ref name="transcripts.cnn.com">{{cite web |work=CNN |date=January 22, 2002 |author=Larry King Live |title=Interview with Patty Hearst – Transcript |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0201/22/lkl.00.html |access-date=December 31, 2014 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025155630/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0201/22/lkl.00.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Documentary">{{cite web|title=1974 news report on Hearst's Berkeley kidnapping|work=NBC news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/video/dateline/32129289#32130639|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101053948/http://www.nbcnews.com/video/dateline/32129289|archive-date=January 1, 2015}}</ref>

===Bank robbery===
On April 3, 1974, two months after she had been abducted, Hearst announced on an audiotape released to the media that she had joined the SLA and adopted the name Tania,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/timeline/timeline2.html |title= Timeline: Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst |publisher= [[American Experience]] |date= August 8, 2006 |access-date= September 7, 2017 |archive-date= February 15, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170215133108/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/timeline/timeline2.html |url-status= live }}</ref> a tribute to [[Che Guevara]]'s comrade [[Tamara Bunke]].<ref name="Gale">{{cite news|first=Jose Luis |last=Magana |title=Cuba honors the remains of 10 Guevara comrades|newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=December 31, 1998|page=24}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Stockholm Syndrome |publisher= [[Gale]] |date= 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Hearst-hibernia-yell.jpg|200 px|alt=|thumb|Hearst yelling commands at bank customers; DeFreeze in hat on the left<ref name="Famous Pictures Magazine">{{cite web |date= May 14, 2013 |url= http://www.famouspictures.org/patty-hearst/ |title= Patty Hearst |work= Famous Pictures Magazine |access-date= January 21, 2016 |last= Lucas |first= Dean |archive-date= January 11, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160111215813/http://www.famouspictures.org/patty-hearst/ |url-status= live }}</ref>]]
On April 15, 1974, Hearst was recorded on surveillance video wielding an [[M1 carbine]] while robbing the [[Sunset District]] branch of the Hibernia Bank at 1450 Noriega Street in San Francisco.<ref name="fbi-famous"/> Hearst, identified under her pseudonym of "Tania", yelled, "I'm Tania. Up, up, up against the wall, motherfuckers!"<ref>{{cite web|title=American Experience – More about the film Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst – Transcript|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/pt.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051003235907/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/pt.html|archive-date=October 3, 2005|access-date=December 26, 2019|work=PBS}}</ref><ref name="upi.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1975/Patty-Hearst-Jailed/12305821478075-9/ |title=1975 Year in Review: Patty Hearst Jailed |access-date=May 26, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009135934/http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1975/Patty-Hearst-Jailed/12305821478075-9/ |archive-date=October 9, 2010 }}. United Press International. 1975</ref><ref name="Fort Scott Tribune">{{cite news|newspaper=The Fort Scott Tribune|date=February 7, 1976|location=San Francisco|author=AP|title=Testimony Expected from Miss Hearst}}</ref><ref name="archives.chicagotribune.com">{{cite news|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=April 16, 1974|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/04/16/page/1/article/patricia-hearst-identified-in-photos-of-bank-robbery|title=Patricia Hearst identified in photos of bank robbery|access-date=January 1, 2015|archive-date=September 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917100835/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/04/16/page/1/article/patricia-hearst-identified-in-photos-of-bank-robbery/|url-status=live}}</ref> Two men entered the bank while the robbery was occurring and were shot and wounded by the SLA.<ref name="upi.com"/><ref name="Fort Scott Tribune"/><ref name="archives.chicagotribune.com"/> According to testimony at her trial, a witness thought that Hearst had been several paces behind the others when running to the getaway car.<ref name="upi.com"/><ref name="Fort Scott Tribune"/><ref name="archives.chicagotribune.com"/>

Attorney General [[William B. Saxbe]] said that Hearst was a "common criminal" and "not a reluctant participant" in the bank robbery. [[James L. Browning Jr.]] said that her participation in the robbery may have been voluntary, contrasting with an earlier comment in which he said that she might have been coerced into taking part. The FBI agent heading the investigation said that SLA members were photographed pointing guns at Hearst during the robbery.<ref>{{cite news|location=San Francisco|title=Patricia Hearst Called Common Criminal|newspaper=Wilmington Morning Star|date=April 18, 1974}}</ref> A grand jury indicted her in June 1974 for the robbery.<ref>{{cite news|title=Patty Hearst is Indicted for Bank Robbery|newspaper=Sarasota Herald Tribune|date=June 7, 1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|location=San Francisco|title=Indict Patty on Rbbery|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=June 7, 1974}}</ref>

===Rescue of Harris===
On May 16, 1974, the manager at Mel's Sporting Goods in [[Inglewood, California]], observed a minor theft by [[William Harris (Symbionese Liberation Army)|William Harris]], who had been shopping with his wife [[Emily Harris|Emily]] while Hearst waited across the road in a van. The manager and an employee followed Harris out and confronted him. There was a scuffle and the manager restrained Harris, when a pistol fell out of Harris's waistband.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/05/22/page/19/article/fugitive-patty-hearst-may-face-intent-to-kill-charge|title=City of Inglewood 100th Anniversary 1908–2008|website=Chicago Tribune|access-date=July 18, 2017|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034415/https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|first=Sebastian |last=Rotella|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-01-22-me-1341-story.html|title=Officer who investigated Patty Hearst's 1974 shoot-out in Inglewood says the incident shouldn't be 'erased from history.'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=January 22, 1989|access-date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=December 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226113607/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-22/local/me-1341_1_south-bay|url-status=live}}</ref> Hearst discharged the entire magazine of an automatic carbine into the overhead storefront, causing the manager to dive behind a lightpost.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/05/22/page/19/article/fugitive-patty-hearst-may-face-intent-to-kill-charges|title=Fugitive Patty Hearst may face intent-to-kill charges|date=May 22, 1974|website=Chicago Tribune|access-date=July 18, 2017|archive-date=December 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226145121/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/05/22/page/19/article/fugitive-patty-hearst-may-face-intent-to-kill-charges/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|location=Los Angeles|title=Victim is "Stunned" by Patty's Probation|newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle|date=May 10, 1977}}</ref> He tried to shoot back, but Hearst began aiming closer.<ref name="Los Angeles Times"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofinglewood.org/pdfs/police/1970s.pdf|title=City of Inglewood 100th Anniversary 1908–2008|website=cityofinglewood.org|access-date=July 18, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226113221/http://www.cityofinglewood.org/pdfs/police/1970s.pdf|archive-date=December 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=May 22, 1974|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/05/22/page/19/article/fugitive-patty-hearst-may-face-intent-to-kill-charges|title=Fugitive Patty Hearst May Face Intent To Kill Charges|access-date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=December 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226145121/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1974/05/22/page/19/article/fugitive-patty-hearst-may-face-intent-to-kill-charges/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fugitive===
Hearst and the Harris couple hijacked two cars and abducted the owners. One was a young man who found Hearst so personable that he was reluctant to report the incident. He testified at the trial to her discussing the effectiveness of cyanide-tipped bullets and repeatedly asking if he was okay.<ref>''Famous Trials'' by Douglas O. Linder (2014), University of Missouri–Kansas City  (UMKC) School of Law [http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/matthewstestimony.html "Testimony of Thomas Matthews in the Patty Hearst Trial"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108212446/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/matthewstestimony.html |date=November 8, 2015 }}</ref> Police had surrounded the main base of the SLA in Los Angeles before these three returned, so they hid elsewhere.

The six SLA members inside the hideout died. There was an hourslong gunfight with police, and two members were fatally shot; a fire broke out in the house, in which the remainder died, but DeFreeze first killed himself by gunshot. It was initially thought that Hearst had also died during this confrontation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rotella |first=Sebastian |date=January 22, 1989 |title=Officer who investigated Patty Hearst's 1974 shoot-out in Inglewood says the incident shouldn't be 'erased from history.' |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-01-22-me-1341-story.html |access-date=July 7, 2022}}</ref> Warrants were issued for the arrest of Hearst and the Harrises for several [[mwod:felony|felonies]], including two counts of kidnapping.<ref name="Documentary" />

Emily Harris went to a Berkeley rally to commemorate the deaths of [[Angela Atwood]], Soltysik, DeFreeze, and other founding members of the SLA who had died in Los Angeles during the police siege. Harris recognized Atwood's acquaintance [[Kathy Soliah]] among the radicals whom she had known from civil rights groups. Soliah introduced the three fugitives to [[Jack Scott (sportswriter)|Jack Scott]], an athletics reformer and radical, and he agreed to provide them help and money.<ref name="Guerrilla">PBS ''American Experience'', retrieved 26/12/14 [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/ps_stone.html "Guerrilla"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215212020/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/guerrilla/filmmore/ps_stone.html |date=February 15, 2017 }}</ref>

===Involvement in later SLA crimes===
Hearst helped make [[improvised explosive devices]]. These were used in two unsuccessful attempts to kill police officers during August 1975; one of the devices failed to detonate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.alternet.org/story/12254?page=3|first=Greg|last=Goldin|title=The Last Revolutionary: Sara Jane Olson Speaks|newspaper=LA Weekly|date=January 18, 2002|access-date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=March 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324095753/http://www.alternet.org/story/12254?page=3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.postgazette.com/columnists/20010310roddy.asp|title=Payback from a long-forgotten account|first=Dennis|last=Roddy|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=March 10, 2001|access-date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=February 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205082055/http://www.postgazette.com/columnists/20010310roddy.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

Marked money found in the apartment when she was arrested linked Hearst to the SLA armed robbery of [[Crocker National Bank]] in [[Carmichael, California]]; she was the getaway car driver for the robbery. Myrna Opsahl, a mother of four who was at the bank making a deposit, was shot dead by a masked [[Emily Harris]]. Hearst was potentially at risk for felony murder charges and could testify as a witness against Harris for a capital offense.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200201/17_stoltzef_olson/|title=Sara Jane Olson charged with murder|first=Frank|last=Stoltze|website=[[Minnesota Public Radio]]|date=January 17, 2002|access-date=December 26, 2014|archive-date=December 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227014230/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200201/17_stoltzef_olson/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|location=San Francisco|title=Patty tells of Holdups, Bombings|newspaper=Evening Independent|date=December 5, 1981}}</ref>

==Legal consequences==
[[File:PattyHearstmug.jpg|thumb|Hearst's 1975 mugshot]]
On September 18, 1975, Hearst was arrested in a San Francisco apartment with [[Wendy Yoshimura]], another SLA member, by [[San Francisco Police Department|San Francisco Police]] Inspector Timothy F. Casey and his partner, Police Officer Laurence R. Pasero, and [[FBI]] Special Agent Thomas J. Padden and his partners, FBI agents Jason Moulton, Frank Doyle, Jr., Larry Lawler, Monte Hall, Dick Vitamonte, Leo Brenneissen, and Ray Campos.<ref name="fbi-famous"/><ref name="Taylor">{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Timothy-Casey-S-F-officer-who-cuffed-fugitive-2558165.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |title=Timothy Casey – S.F. officer who cuffed fugitive Patricia Hearst |first=Michael |last=Taylor |date=December 6, 2005 |access-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133044/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Timothy-Casey-S-F-officer-who-cuffed-fugitive-2558165.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nolte">{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Timothy-Casey-S-F-officer-who-cuffed-fugitive-2558165.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |title=Thomas Padden, who arrested Patty Hearst, dies |first=Carl |last=Nolte |date=March 26, 2010 |access-date=August 17, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133044/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Timothy-Casey-S-F-officer-who-cuffed-fugitive-2558165.php |url-status=live }}</ref> While being booked into jail, Hearst listed her occupation as "Urban Guerilla". She asked her attorney to relay the following message: "Tell everybody that I'm smiling, that I feel free and strong and I send my greetings and love to all the sisters and brothers out there."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,913456,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913011414/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,913456,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 13, 2012 |title=Patty's Twisted Journey |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 29, 1975}}</ref>{{sfn|Toobin|2016|page=156}}

===Brainwashing claims===
At the time of her arrest, Hearst's weight had dropped to 87 pounds (40&nbsp;kg), and she was described by psychologist [[Margaret Singer]] in October 1975 as "a low-[[Intelligence quotient|IQ]], low-[[Affect (psychology)|affect]] zombie".<ref name="William Graebner">{{cite book |first=William |last=Graebner |title=Patty's Got a Gun: Patricia Hearst in 1970s America |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2008 |isbn=9780226305226}}{{page needed|date=February 2022}}</ref> Shortly after her arrest, doctors recorded signs of trauma: her IQ was measured as 112, whereas it had previously been 130; there were huge gaps in her memory regarding her pre-Tania life; she was smoking heavily and had nightmares.<ref name="Orth">{{cite web|date=July 1, 1988|url=http://www.maureenorth.com/1988/07/960/?page=0|title=Published on July 1, 1988|website=[[Maureen Orth|Maureenorth.com]]|access-date=January 21, 2016|author-link=Maureen Orth|last=Orth|first=Maureen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704160014/http://www.maureenorth.com/1988/07/960/?page=0|archive-date=July 4, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Without a mental illness or defect, a person is considered to be fully responsible for any criminal action not done under duress, which is defined as a clear and present threat of death or serious injury.<ref name="Patty Hearst Trial 1976"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Patty's Got a Gun: Patricia Hearst in 1970s America|isbn=9780226324326|publisher=University of Chicago Press|first=William|last=Graebner|year= 2015|page=69}}</ref> For Hearst to secure an acquittal on the grounds of having been [[Brainwashing|brainwashed]] would have been completely unprecedented.<ref name="Blame p65"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ewing|first1=Charles Patrick|last2=McCann|first2=Joseph T.|title=Minds on Trial: Great Cases in Law and Psychology|year=2006|pages=34–36|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=9780195181760}}</ref>

Psychiatrist [[Louis Jolyon West]], a professor at [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA), was appointed by the court in his capacity as a brainwashing expert and worked without a fee. After the trial, he wrote a newspaper article asking [[Jimmy Carter|President Carter]] to release Hearst from prison.<ref>{{cite news|last=West|first=Louis Jolyon|title=Psychiatrist pleads for Patty Hearst's release|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19781229&id=hAQVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B-IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3277,8989206|access-date=January 28, 2013|newspaper=[[Eugene Register-Guard]]|date=December 29, 1978|archive-date=March 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323182522/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19781229&id=hAQVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B-IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3277,8989206|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Hearst wrote in her memoir, ''Every Secret Thing'' (1982), "I spent fifteen hours going over my SLA experiences with [[Robert Jay Lifton]] of Yale University. Lifton, author of several books on coercive persuasion and thought reform, [...] pronounced me a 'classic case' which met all the psychological criteria of a coerced prisoner of war. [...] If I had reacted differently, that would have been suspect, he said."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg12970.html|title=Excerpt from ''Every Secret Thing''|last1=Hearst|first1=Patricia|last2=Moscow|first2=Alvin|location=New York|publisher=Doubleday & Co.|date=1982|access-date=September 30, 2017|archive-date=September 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930222639/https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg12970.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
After some weeks in custody, Hearst repudiated her SLA allegiance.<ref name="transcripts.cnn.com"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Rosen|first=Fred|title=The Historical Atlas of American Crime|year=2005|page=257|publisher=Facts on File |isbn=9780816048410}}</ref> Her first lawyer, [[Terence Hallinan]], had advised Hearst not to talk to anyone, including psychiatrists. He advocated a defense of involuntary intoxication: that the SLA had given her drugs that affected her judgment and recollection.<ref name="Documentary"/><ref name="Blame p65">{{cite book|last=Westervelt|first=Saundra Davis|title=Shifting the Blame: How Victimization Became a Criminal Defense|year=1998|page=65|publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=9780813525839}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|title=Patty Hearst and the Twinkie Murders: A Tale of Two Trials|first=Paul|last=Krassner|year=2014|publisher=PM Press |isbn=9781629630380}}{{page needed|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref name="William Graebner"/>

He was replaced by attorney [[F. Lee Bailey]], who asserted a defense of coercion or duress affecting intent at the time of the offense.<ref>{{cite news |last= Westcott |first= Kathryn |title= What is Stockholm syndrome? |date= August 22, 2013 |access-date= June 16, 2017 |website= [[BBC News Magazine]] |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22447726 |quote= Hearst's defence lawyer Bailey claimed that the 19-year-old had been brainwashed and was suffering from "[[Stockholm Syndrome]]" – a term that had been recently coined to explain the apparently irrational feelings of some captives for their captors. |archive-date= April 30, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190430171505/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22447726 |url-status= live }}</ref> This was similar to the [[brainwashing defense]] which Hallinan had warned was not a defense in law. Hearst gave long interviews to various psychiatrists.<ref name="Patty Hearst Trial 1976"/>

===Trial===
Hearst alone was arraigned for the [[Hibernia Bank Building (San Francisco)|Hibernia Bank]] robbery; the trial commenced on January 15, 1976. Judge [[Oliver Jesse Carter]] ruled that Hearst's taped and written statements after the bank robbery, while she was a fugitive with the SLA members, were voluntary. He did not allow expert testimony that stylistic analysis indicated the "Tania" statements and writing were not wholly composed by Hearst. He permitted the prosecution to introduce statements and actions Hearst made long after the Hibernia robbery, as evidence of her state of mind at the time of the robbery. Judge Carter also allowed into evidence a recording made by jail authorities of a friend's jail visit with Hearst, in which Hearst used profanities and spoke of her radical and feminist beliefs, but he did not allow tapes of psychiatrist [[Louis Jolyon West]]'s interviews of Hearst to be heard by the jury. Judge Carter was described as "resting his eyes" during testimony favorable to the defense by West and others.<ref name="Patty Hearst Trial 1976"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Krassner|first=Paul|title=Patty Hearst and the Twinkie Murders: A Tale of Two Trials|year=2014|isbn=9781629630380|page=27|publisher=PM Press }}</ref>

According to Hearst's testimony, her captors had demanded she appear enthusiastic during the robbery and warned she would pay with her life for any mistake.<ref name="Twinkie Murders p. 21"/> Her defense lawyer [[F. Lee Bailey]] provided photographs showing that SLA members, including [[Camilla Hall]], had pointed guns at Hearst during the robbery.<ref name="Twinkie Murders p. 21">{{cite book|last=Krassner|first=Paul|title=Patty Hearst and the Twinkie Murders: A Tale of Two Trials|date=October 2014|isbn=9781629630380|page=21|publisher=PM Press }}</ref> In reference to the shooting at Mel's Sporting Goods Store and her decision to not escape, Hearst testified that she was instructed throughout her captivity on what to do in an emergency. She said one class in particular had a situation similar to the store manager's detention of the Harrises. Hearst testified that "when it happened I didn't even think. I just did it, and if I had not done it and if they had been able to get away they would have killed me."<ref name="law2.umkc.edu" />

Testifying for the prosecution, Dr. [[Harry Kozol]] said Hearst had been "a rebel in search of a cause", and her participation in the Hibernia robbery had been "an act of free will."<ref name="Carey">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/01/health/research/01kozol.html |work=The New York Times |title=Harry L. Kozol, Expert in Patty Hearst Trial, Is Dead at 102 |first=Benedict |last=Carey |date=September 1, 2008 |access-date=May 22, 2010 |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522033620/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/01/health/research/01kozol.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Wilkinson">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/magazine/28kozol-t.html?adxnnl=1&partner=rss&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1280566991-UdEMvM5giWaVsydc6JiCng |work=The New York Times Magazine |title=Harry L. Kozol, born 1908 |first=Francis |last=Wilkinson |date=December 24, 2008 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522033432/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/magazine/28kozol-t.html?adxnnl=1&partner=rss&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1280566991-UdEMvM5giWaVsydc6JiCng |url-status=live }}</ref> Prosecutor [[James L. Browning Jr.]] asked the other psychiatrist testifying for the prosecution, Dr. Joel Fort, if Hearst was in fear of death or great bodily injury during the robbery, to which he answered, "No". Bailey angrily objected.<ref>AP. "San Francisco Bailey tangles with witness", ''Victoria Advocate''.</ref> Fort assessed Hearst as amoral, and said she had voluntarily had sex with Wolfe and DeFreeze, which Hearst denied both in court and outside.<ref name="Patty Hearst Trial 1976">{{cite web|url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearstdolaccount.html|title=The Trial of Patty Hearst: An Account|website=umkc.edu|access-date=December 24, 2014|archive-date=January 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107213521/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearstdolaccount.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearstranscriptexcerpts.html|title=Trial Transcript Excerpts in the Patty Hearst Trial|website=umkc.edu|access-date=December 30, 2014|archive-date=March 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306033237/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hearst/hearstranscriptexcerpts.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Montreal Gazette 1977">{{cite news|title= What Patty Thought of Men In Her Life|first= Janey|last= Jimenez|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1oIuAAAAIBAJ&pg=1232%2C2060727|newspaper= [[Montreal Gazette|The Montreal Gazette]]|issn= 0384-1294|oclc= 456824368|date= November 23, 1977|page= 23|access-date= January 21, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210309033517/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1oIuAAAAIBAJ&pg=1232%2C2060727|archive-date= March 9, 2021|url-status= live}}</ref> Prosecutor Browning tried to show that writings by Hearst indicated her testimony had misrepresented her interactions with Wolfe. She said she had been writing the SLA version of events, and had been punched in the face by William Harris when she refused to be more effusive about what she regarded as sexual abuse by Wolfe. Judge Carter allowed testimony from the prosecution psychiatrists about Hearst's early sexual experiences, although these had occurred years before her kidnapping and the bank robbery.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>''Spokesman-Review'', February 26, 1974 (AP San Francisco)</ref>

In court, Hearst made a poor impression and appeared lethargic. An [[Associated Press]] report attributed this state to drugs she was given by jail doctors.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Bailey was strongly criticized for his decision to put Hearst on the stand, then having her repeatedly decline to answer questions. According to [[Alan Dershowitz]], Bailey was wrong-footed by the judge, who had appeared to indicate she would have [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fifth Amendment]] privilege: the jury would not be present for some of her testimony, or would be instructed not to draw inferences, on matters subsequent to the Hibernian Bank charges for which she was being tried, but he changed his mind.<ref name="Patty Hearst Trial 1976"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Dershowitz|first=Alan|title=The Best Defense|year=1983|page=394|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing |isbn=9780394713809}}</ref><ref>563 F.2d 1331, 2 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1149, ''United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Patricia Campbell Hearst,'' Defendant-Appellant. Nos. 76–3162, 77–1759. United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. November 2, 1977.</ref>

After a few months, Hearst provided information to the authorities, not under oath (sworn testimony could have been used to convict her) of SLA activities. A bomb exploded at [[Hearst Castle]] in February 1976.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 13, 1976|title=Bomb blast rips Hearst castle|newspaper=The Morning Record}}</ref> After Hearst testified that Wolfe had raped her, [[Emily Harris]] gave a magazine interview from jail alleging that Hearst's keeping a trinket given to her by Wolfe was an indication that she had been in a romantic relationship with him. Hearst said she had kept the stone carving because she thought it was a [[Pre-Columbian era|Pre-Columbian]] artifact of archeological significance. The prosecutor James L. Browning Jr. used Harris's interpretation of the item. Some jurors later said they regarded the carving, which Browning waved in front of them, as powerful evidence that Hearst was lying.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>Johnson, John W. (Editor). ''Historic US Court Cases: An Encyclopedia''. p. 145.</ref>

===Closing arguments===
In his closing argument, prosecutor Browning suggested that Hearst had taken part in the bank robbery without coercion.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite news|date=March 19, 1976|title=Jury To Begin Weighing Patty's Fate Today|newspaper=Morning Record|location=Meriden, CT}}</ref> Browning, who later became a judge, also suggested to the jury that as the female SLA members were feminists, they would not have allowed Hearst to be raped.<ref name="Patty Hearst Trial 1976"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/>

In her autobiography, Hearst expressed disappointment with what she saw as Bailey's lack of focus in the crucial end stage of her trial. She described him as having the appearance of someone with a hangover, and spilling water down the front of his pants while making a "disjointed" closing argument.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hearst|first1=Patricia Campbell|last2=Moscow|first2=Alvin|title=Patty Hearst: Her Own Story|publisher=Corgi/Avon|year=1988|pages=442–443|isbn=9780380706518}}</ref> Bailey's final statement to the court was, "But simple application of the rules, I think, will yield one decent result, and, that is, there is not anything close to proof beyond a reasonable doubt that Patty Hearst wanted to be a bank robber. What you know, and you know in your hearts to be true is beyond dispute. There was talk about her dying, and she wanted to survive."<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

===Conviction and sentencing===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Patricia Soltysik Bank Robbery.jpg|DeFreeze, Soltysik and Hearst (at right) during the bank robbery for which Hearst was tried.{{deletable image-caption|Sunday, May 26, 2019|F4}}|thumb]] -->
On March 20, 1976, Hearst was convicted of bank robbery and using a firearm during the commission of a felony. She was given the maximum sentence possible of 35 years' imprisonment, pending a reduction at final sentence hearing, which Carter declined to specify.<ref name="Historic U.S. Court Cases p 127">''Historic U.S. Court Cases: An Encyclopedia'', Volume 1, edited by John W. Johnson, p. 127</ref>

Because Judge Carter had died, Judge [[William H. Orrick Jr.]] determined Hearst's sentence. He gave her seven years' imprisonment, commenting that "rebellious young people who, for whatever reason become revolutionaries, and voluntarily commit criminal acts will be punished".<ref name="Russakoff">{{cite news|newspaper=The Palm Beach Post|date=July 11, 1978|first=Dale|last=Russakoff|title=Was 'Tania' Hearst brainwashed?}}</ref>

==Prison life==
[[File:Patty Hearst escorted by marshals.jpg|thumb|Hearst is escorted by marshals into a Los Angeles courthouse for a May 1976 pretrial hearing for the shootout at Mel's Sporting Goods.]]
Hearst was imprisoned at the [[Federal Correctional Institution, Dublin]] (California).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Patty-Hearst-returns-to-prison-in-Pleasanton-2616604.php | title=Patty Hearst returns to prison in Pleasanton | newspaper=Sfgate | date=May 16, 2003 | last1=Perkins | first1=Laura }}</ref> She suffered a [[Pneumothorax|collapsed lung]] in prison, the beginning of a series of medical problems, and she underwent emergency surgery. This prevented her from appearing to testify against the Harrises on 11 charges, including robbery, kidnapping, and assault; she was also arraigned for those charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Patricia Hearst Undergoes Surgery|newspaper=Ellensburg Daily Record|date=April 14, 1975}}</ref> She was held in solitary confinement for security reasons; she was granted bail for an appeal hearing in November 1976 on the condition that she was protected on bond. Her father hired dozens of bodyguards.<ref>{{cite news|location=San Francisco|title=Security plan would have Patty at home|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|date=November 12, 1976}}</ref>

Superior Court judge Talbot Callister gave her probation on the sporting goods store charge when she pleaded no contest, saying that he believed that she had been subject to coercion amounting to torture.<ref name="Russakoff"/> California Attorney General [[Evelle J. Younger]] said that, if there was a double standard for the wealthy, it was the opposite of what was generally believed and that Hearst had received a stiffer sentence than a person of lesser means might have. He said that she had no legal brainwashing defense, but pointed out that the events had started with her being kidnapped.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lighter Sentence If Patty Hearst Was Poor|newspaper=Lodi News-Sentinel|date=May 24, 1977}}</ref>

Hearst's bail was revoked in May 1978 when appeals failed, and the Supreme Court declined to hear her case.<ref name="Historic U.S. Court Cases p 127"/><ref name="Russakoff"/> The prison took no special security measures for her safety until she found a dead rat on her bunk on the day when William and Emily Harris were arraigned for her abduction. The Harrises were convicted on a simple kidnapping charge, as opposed to the more serious kidnapping for ransom or kidnapping with bodily injury, and they were released after serving a total of eight years each.<ref name="Blame p65"/>

Representative [[Leo Ryan]] was collecting signatures on a petition for Hearst's release several weeks before he was murdered while visiting the [[Jonestown]] settlement in [[Guyana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paulmorantz.com/cult/escape-from-the-sla/|title=Escape From The SLA|access-date=March 28, 2015|archive-date=June 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626031949/http://www.paulmorantz.com/cult/escape-from-the-sla/|url-status=live}}</ref> Actor [[John Wayne]] spoke after the Jonestown cult deaths, stating that people had accepted that [[Jim Jones]] had brainwashed 900 individuals into mass suicide but would not accept that the Symbionese Liberation Army could have brainwashed a kidnapped teenage girl.<ref name="Historic U.S. Court Cases p 127"/><ref>{{cite web|first=Dahlia|last=Lithwick|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2002/01/the_brainwashed_defense.html|title=The Brainwashed Defense|website=Slate|date=January 28, 2002|access-date=December 24, 2014|archive-date=December 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224221431/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2002/01/the_brainwashed_defense.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Commutation, release, and pardon===
President [[Jimmy Carter]] commuted Hearst's federal sentence to the 22 months served, freeing her eight months before she was eligible for her first parole hearing. Her release (on February 1, 1979) was under stringent conditions, and she remained on probation for the state sentence on the sporting goods store plea.<ref name="toobin">{{cite book |last=Toobin |first=Jeffrey |author-link=Jeffrey Toobin |year=2016 |title=American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst |url=http://www.jeffreytoobin.com/books/american-heiress-hc |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=978-0385536714 |access-date=August 11, 2016 |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822234207/http://www.jeffreytoobin.com/books/american-heiress-hc |url-status=live }}</ref> She recovered full civil rights when President [[Bill Clinton]] granted her a pardon on January 20, 2001, his last day in office.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="Historic U.S. Court Cases p 127"/><ref name="time">{{cite magazine |last1= Dell|first1=Kristina |last2=Myers|first2=Rebecca |title= The 10 Most Notorious Presidential Pardons – Patty Hearst |magazine= TIME|url= http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1862257,00.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091202194841/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,1862257,00.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= December 2, 2009 |access-date= September 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="doj">{{cite web
|author= Office of Public Affairs
|title= President Clinton's Pardons, January 2001
|website= United States Department of Justice
|date= January 20, 2001
|url= http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pardonchartlst.htm
|access-date= November 24, 2008
|archive-date= October 27, 2011
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111027025214/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pardonchartlst.htm
|url-status= live
}}</ref>

==Life after release==
[[File:Patty Hearst and Bernard Shaw, 1979.jpg|thumb|upright|Hearst with Shaw, 1979]]
Two months after her release from prison, Hearst married Bernard Lee Shaw (1945–2013),<ref>{{cite news |last= Slotnik |first= Daniel E. |title= Bernard Shaw, Husband and Bodyguard of Patty Hearst, Dies at 68 |date= December 19, 2013 |access-date= June 19, 2017 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/20/us/bernard-l-shaw-bodyguard-and-husband-of-patty-hearst-dies-at-68.html |archive-date= July 8, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170708010517/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/20/us/bernard-l-shaw-bodyguard-and-husband-of-patty-hearst-dies-at-68.html |url-status= live }}</ref> a policeman who was part of her security detail during her time on bail. They had two children, Gillian and [[Lydia Hearst|Lydia Hearst-Shaw]]. Hearst became involved in a foundation helping children with [[AIDS]], and was active in other charities and fund-raising activities.<ref name="GROSS">{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Full Circle: The New Life of Patty Hearst|first=Jane|last=Gross|date=September 10, 1988}}</ref>

===Media and other activities===
Hearst published the memoir ''Every Secret Thing'', co-written with Alvin Moscow, in 1981. Her accounts resulted in authorities considering bringing new charges against her.<ref>{{cite news|author= Twomey, Steve|work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |title=Patty Hearst Case Prosecutors are taking another look, The Day |date=December 27, 1981}}</ref> She was interviewed in 2009 on [[NBC]] and said that the prosecutor had suggested that she had been in a consensual relationship with Wolfe. She described that as "outrageous" and an insult to rape victims.<ref>NBC, Transcript: "Kidnapped Heiress: The Patty Hearst Story"</ref>

Hearst produced a special for the [[Travel Channel]] titled ''Secrets of San Simeon with Patricia Hearst'', in which she took viewers inside her grandfather's mansion [[Hearst Castle]], providing unprecedented access to the property.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gritten |first1=David|title=Welcome to Her Latest Life |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/mar/04/entertainment/ca-32988/2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114112858/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/mar/04/entertainment/ca-32988/2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=February 4, 2019 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=March 4, 2001 |quote="Secrets of San Simeon" tackles this issue head-on, in a ... Patricia Hearst was also encouraged to make the TV special because...}}</ref> She collaborated with Cordelia Frances Biddle on writing the novel ''Murder at San Simeon'' (Scribner, 1996), based upon the death of [[Thomas H. Ince]] on her grandfather's yacht.<ref name="GROSS"/>

She has appeared in feature films for director [[John Waters (filmmaker)|John Waters]], who cast her in ''[[Cry-Baby]]'' (1990), ''[[Serial Mom]]'' (1994), ''[[Pecker (film)|Pecker]]'' (1998), ''[[Cecil B. DeMented]]'' (2000) and ''[[A Dirty Shame]]'' (2004). Hearst also made a cameo in [[Pauly Shore]]'s film ''[[Bio-Dome]]'' (1996) and had a small role in the 2004 film ''Second Best''. She was also a producer on the film ''[[Pottersville (film)|Pottersville]]'' and made an appearance in the 2000 documentary, ''Pie in the Sky: The [[Brigid Berlin]] Story''.

Her television acting roles include episodes of ''[[The Adventures of Pete & Pete]]'', ''[[Boston Common (TV series)|Boston Common]]'', ''[[Son of the Beach]]'' and ''[[Tripping the Rift]]''. She was also a guest caller on the TV series ''[[Frasier]]'' on season 1 episode 23 "Frasier Crane's Day Off" (1994), as Janice. She also appeared in the episode "Lord of the Pi's" in season 3 of ''[[Veronica Mars]]''. The character was the heiress of a fictionalized Hearst family, loosely based on aspects of her life.

Hearst has participated with her dogs in dog shows,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/patty-hearsts-comeback-thanks-to-the-dog/?_r=0|title=Patty Hearst's Comeback, Thanks to the Dog|first=Mike|last=Nizza|work=The New York Times|date=February 12, 2008|access-date=November 27, 2014|archive-date=December 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206165814/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/patty-hearsts-comeback-thanks-to-the-dog/?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> and her [[Shih Tzu]] Rocket won the "Toy" group at the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show]] at [[Madison Square Garden]] on February 16, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2015/02/17/where-is-patty-hearst-shes-a-winner-at-westminster/23545211/|title=Patty Hearst's dog wins at Westminster|date=February 17, 2015|work=USA Today|access-date=September 7, 2017|archive-date=July 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710235207/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2015/02/17/where-is-patty-hearst-shes-a-winner-at-westminster/23545211/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the 2017 show, Hearst's [[French bulldog]] Tuggy won Best of Breed, and Rubi won Best of Opposite Sex.<ref name="2017 Westminister">{{cite news|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=February 14, 2017|location=San Francisco|title=Patty Hearst a double winner at the Westminster dog show|last=Curran|first=David|url=http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Patty-Hearst-a-double-winner-at-the-Westminster-10931892.php|access-date=February 15, 2017|archive-date=February 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215013052/http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Patty-Hearst-a-double-winner-at-the-Westminster-10931892.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Films about Hearst's SLA period==
* ''Patty'' (1976) - Sexploitation<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=December 14, 2016|title=Patty Hearst sexploitation films were a 'thing' in the 1970s|url=https://dangerousminds.net/comments/patty_hearst_exploitation_films_were_a_thing_in_the_1970s|access-date=September 29, 2021|website=DangerousMinds|archive-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929163918/https://dangerousminds.net/comments/patty_hearst_exploitation_films_were_a_thing_in_the_1970s|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Tanya (1976 film)|Tanya]]'' (1976) - Sexploitation<ref name=":0" />
*''The Ordeal of Patty Hearst'' (1979) - TV movie<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sargeant |first1=Jack |title=Guns, Death, Terror: 1960s & 1970s Revolutionaries, Urban Guerrillas and Terrorists |date=2003 |publisher=Creation |isbn=9781840680997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2x0gAQAAIAAJ |language=en |access-date=April 20, 2020 |archive-date=November 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034414/https://books.google.com/books?id=2x0gAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Captive (1986 film)|Captive]]'' (1986) - Fictional account inspired by
*''[[Patty Hearst (film)|Patty Hearst]]'' (1988) - Based on her autobiography
*[[Cecil B. Demented]] - Movie inspired by
*''[[Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst]]'' (2004) - Documentary
*''The Radical Story of Patty Hearst'' (2018)<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Marks |first1=Andrea |title='Radical Story of Patty Hearst': Inside New CNN Docuseries |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/radical-story-of-patty-hearst-inside-new-cnn-docuseries-205713/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=February 4, 2019 |date=January 22, 2018 |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204122528/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/radical-story-of-patty-hearst-inside-new-cnn-docuseries-205713/ |url-status=live }}</ref> - Docuseries
*''[[American Woman (2019 film)|American Woman]]'' (2019) - A fictionalised story of one of Hearst's captors
*''[[Suburban Fury]]'' (2024) — Documentary about [[Sara Jane Moore]], would-be assassin of President [[Gerald Ford]] who knew the Hearst family and may have been inspired by Hearst's SLA period

==See also==
* [[Hearst family]]
* [[American Woman (novel)|''American Woman'']]
* [[Brainwashing]]
* [[List of kidnappings]]
* [[List of solved missing person cases: pre-2000|List of solved missing person cases]]
* [[Stockholm syndrome]]
* [[List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Cited texts===
*{{cite book |first=Jeffrey |last=Toobin |author-link=Jeffrey Toobin |title=American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |year=2016 |isbn=9780385536714 |ref=0}}
*{{cite book |first=William |last=Graebner |title=Patty's Got a Gun: Patricia Hearst in 1970s America |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2008 |isbn=9780226305226}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Patty Hearst}}
* {{IMDb name|0372553}}
* [http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0002qj4c View from inside car of Mel's Sporting Goods where a robbery involving Patty Hearst took place, Inglewood, California, 1976.] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, [[Charles E. Young Research Library]], [[University of California, Los Angeles]].

{{Symbionese}}
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American trials]]
[[Category:1970s kidnappings in the United States]]
[[Category:Actresses from San Francisco]]
[[Category:American bank robbers]]
[[Category:American female criminals]]
[[Category:American people convicted of robbery]]
[[Category:Female guerrillas]]
[[Category:Female prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Female robbers]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American people taken hostage]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:Dog breeders]]
[[Category:Formerly missing American people]]
[[Category:Hostage taking in the United States]]
[[Category:Kidnapped American people]]
[[Category:Menlo College alumni]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in California]]
[[Category:People from Hillsborough, California]]
[[Category:People pardoned by Bill Clinton]]
[[Category:Symbionese Liberation Army]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:American women memoirists]]
[[Category:20th-century prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government]]
[[Category:United States District Court for the Northern District of California cases]]
[[Category:Trials in California]]