Editing Patiala

{{Short description|City in Punjab, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Patiala district|the former princely state|Patiala State}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Patiala
| native_name        = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name_lang   = Punjabi
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = City
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 290
| image_style              = 
| perrow                   = 1/2/2/2
| image1   = NSNIS.png
| caption1 = [[Moti Bagh Palace]]
| image2   = Phul Cinema.jpg
| caption2 = [[Art Deco]] design Phul Theatre
| image3   = Dukh Nivaran 01.jpg
| caption3 = [[Gurdwara Dukh Nivaran Sahib]]
| image4   = A sacred pool of the kali mata temple.jpg
| caption4 = [[Shri Kali Devi Temple, Patiala]]
| image5   = Qila Mubarak, Patiala.jpg
| caption5 = [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qila Mubarak]]
| image6   = Baradari Palace.jpg
| caption6 = Baradari Palace
| image7   = LAXMAN ZOOLA,PATIALA.jpg
| caption7 = [[#Sheesh Mahal|Sheesh Mahal]]
}}
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_map          = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = India Punjab#India
| coordinates        = {{coord|30.34|N|76.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = State
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Punjab (India) on a white background (1).png}} [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| subdivision_type3  = Before
| subdivision_name3  = [[Patiala State]]
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = 1754
| founder            = [[Ala Singh]]
| named_for          = [[Ala Singh]]
| government_type    = Municipality
| governing_body     = [[Patiala Municipal Corporation|Municipal Corporation of Patiala]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
<!-- display settings  --------->| unit_pref          = US
<!-- area ---------------------->| area_footnotes     = 
| total_type         = City
| area_total_km2     = 160
| area_metro_km2     = 366.66
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = <!-- elevation ----------------->
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 257
| population_total   = 763,280
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 
| population_metro   = 820,000
<ref name="indiagrowing.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Punjab/Patiala_District|title=Patiala Population (2021/2022), District Tehsils List, Punjab|website=www.indiagrowing.com}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Patialvi
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = 147001 to 147008 and 147021 to 147023
| area_code_type     = Telephone code
| area_code          = Patiala: 91-(0)175
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-Pb]]
| registration_plate = PB-11
| website            = {{URL|patiala.nic.in/}}
| official_name      = 
}}
'''Patiala''' ({{IPA|pa|pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ}}) is a city in southeastern [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], northwestern [[India]]. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of [[Patiala district]]. Patiala is located around the ''[[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qila Mubarak]]'' (the 'Blessed Castle') constructed by a chieftain [[Ala Singh]], who founded the royal dynasty of [[Patiala State]] in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional ''[[Patiala Shahi Pagg|Patiala shahi]]'' [[turban]] (a type of headgear), ''[[Punjabi Paranda|paranda]]'' (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), ''Patiala salwar'' (a type of female trousers), ''[[jutti]]'' (a type of footwear) and [[Patiala peg]] (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://patiala.nic.in/html/history.htm#introduction|title=History of Patiala|publisher=Official Website of District Patiala|access-date=19 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907045829/http://patiala.nic.in/html/history.htm#introduction|archive-date=7 September 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
'Patiala' comes from the roots ''pati'' and ''ala'', the former is a local word for a "land" and the latter means "great", also the name of the founder of the city, [[Ala Singh]]. So, 'Patiala' can be translated into English to mean ‘the land of Ala Singh’.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.totalpunjab.com/patiala/about-patiala/the-history-of-patiala/|title=The History of Patiala {{!}} Patiala|website=www.totalpunjab.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|Patiala State}}
[[File:Painting of Ala Singh of Patiala in tondo, Pahari School, ca.1880.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ala Singh]], the founder of Patiala]]
Patiala city was established in 1763 by [[Ala Singh]], a [[Jat Sikh]] chieftain, who laid the foundation of the Patiala fort known as [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qila Mubarak]], around which the present city of Patiala is built. After the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] in 1761 in which the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]] was defeated by the [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]], the writ of the Afghans prevailed throughout [[Punjab]]. It is at this stage that the rulers of Patiala began to acquire ensigns of royalty. The Patiala state saw more than forty years of a ceaseless power struggle with the [[Pashtun|Afghan]] [[Durrani Empire]], [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Sikh Empire]] of [[Lahore]].

In 1808, the Raja of Patiala entered into a treaty with the [[British Raj|British]] against [[Sikh]] ruler [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]] of Lahore in 1808, thus becoming collaborator in the grand empire-building process by the British in the sub-continent of India. Patiala became a [[17-gun salute]] state during the [[British Raj]]. The rulers of Patiala such as Karam Singh, Narinder Singh, [[Mahendra Singh of Patiala|Mahendra Singh]], [[Rajinder Singh of Patiala|Rajinder Singh]], [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Bhupinder Singh]], and [[Yadavindra Singh|Yadvindra Singh]] were treated with respect and dignity by the British.

The city of Patiala was designed and developed according to a plan akin to that of [[Hindu temple architecture|temple architecture]], the first settlers of Patiala were the [[Punjabi Hindus|Hindus]] of [[Sirhind]], who opened their business establishments outside the Darshani Gate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patiala.gov.in/html/history.htm|title=History Of Patiala|access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024084323/http://patiala.gov.in/html/history.htm|archive-date=24 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography==
Patiala is located at {{Coord|30.32|N|76.40|E}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Patiala.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Patiala, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|250|m|ft|abbr=off}}. During the short existence of [[PEPSU]], Patiala served as its capital city.

===Climate===

Patiala has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa), with a noticeable increase in rainfall during the summer [[monsoon]], but it is very light during other times of the year. Winters are cold and dry, and summers are very hot, humid and rainy.

{{Weather box
| location = Patiala (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) 
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 28.4
| Feb record high C = 33.3
| Mar record high C = 37.8
| Apr record high C = 44.6
| May record high C = 47.0
| Jun record high C = 46.4
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 42.7
| Sep record high C = 40.6
| Oct record high C = 38.9
| Nov record high C = 35.4
| Dec record high C = 29.4
| year record high C = 47.0
| Jan high C = 18.7
| Feb high C = 22.5
| Mar high C = 28.0
| Apr high C = 35.2
| May high C = 39.3
| Jun high C = 38.3
| Jul high C = 34.4
| Aug high C = 33.4
| Sep high C = 33.1
| Oct high C = 32.6
| Nov high C = 27.7
| Dec high C = 21.2
| year high C = 30.3
|Jan mean C = 12.1
|Feb mean C = 15.9
|Mar mean C = 21.0
|Apr mean C = 27.0
|May mean C = 31.7
|Jun mean C = 31.9
|Jul mean C = 30.3
|Aug mean C = 29.2
|Sep mean C = 28.1
|Oct mean C = 24.7
|Nov mean C = 19.4
|Dec mean C = 14.0
| Jan low C = 6.7
| Feb low C = 9.5
| Mar low C = 14.1
| Apr low C = 19.3
| May low C = 24.2
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 27.0
| Aug low C = 26.3
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 18.2
| Nov low C = 11.9
| Dec low C = 7.8
| year low C = 18.0
| Jan record low C = -0.9
| Feb record low C = 0.1
| Mar record low C = 3.5
| Apr record low C = 7.7
| May record low C = 15.0
| Jun record low C = 18.2
| Jul record low C = 20.4
| Aug record low C = 20.1
| Sep record low C = 15.0
| Oct record low C = 10.0
| Nov record low C = 3.7
| Dec record low C = 0.4
| year record low C = -0.9
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 26.3
| Feb rain mm = 31.9
| Mar rain mm = 35.7
| Apr rain mm = 20.6
| May rain mm = 28.5
| Jun rain mm = 111.6
| Jul rain mm = 225.8
| Aug rain mm = 204.5
| Sep rain mm = 158.9
| Oct rain mm = 13.1
| Nov rain mm = 5.7
| Dec rain mm = 12.9
| year rain mm = 875.6
| Jan rain days = 2.1
| Feb rain days = 2.7
| Mar rain days = 2.8
| Apr rain days = 2.0
| May rain days = 2.2
| Jun rain days = 5.1
| Jul rain days = 7.9
| Aug rain days = 8.5
| Sep rain days = 4.9
| Oct rain days = 0.9
| Nov rain days = 0.5
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 40.5
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 70
| Feb humidity = 62
| Mar humidity = 53
| Apr humidity = 33
| May humidity = 32
| Jun humidity = 46
| Jul humidity = 69
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 71
| Oct humidity = 59
| Nov humidity = 59
| Dec humidity = 69
| year humidity = 58
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Patiala Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 597–598
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M172
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42101
| title = Normals Data: Patiala – India Latitude: 30.33°N Longitude: 76.47°E Height: 251 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
}}Patiala has been ranked 27th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to a 2021 estimate, Patiala UA had a population of 820,000 and Patiala city 763,280.<ref name="indiagrowing.com"/> Males constituted 54% of the population, and females 46%. Patiala had an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 64.9%. In Patiala, 10% of the population was under 5 years of age.

===Religion===
{{bar box|width = 300px
 |barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
 |title=Religion in Patiala City (2011)<ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Population by Religious Community |website=Census India|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |quote=Spreadsheet download }}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|57.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]| darkkhaki|39.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|1.87}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.41}}
{{bar percent|Others|Grey|0.54}}}}
[[Hinduism]] is the largest religion in Patiala city, with a significant [[Sikh]] minority.

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Patiala City (1881−2011){{efn|1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Patiala, which included Patiala Municipality.<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|32}}|name="TemplateCity1881to1941"}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br />group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=14 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=14 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 }}</ref>{{rp|520}}<ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=20 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 }}</ref>{{rp|250}}
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318666 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states. |year=1891 |last1=Baines |first1=Jervoise Athelstane |author2=India Census Commissioner |volume=1 }}</ref>{{rp|68}}<ref name="Census1891B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II&mdash;Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838 |jstor=saoa.crl.25352838 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|44}}<ref name="Census1901B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393779 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |last1=Edward Albert Gait |first1=Sir |author2=India Census Commissioner |volume=2 |publisher=Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. }}</ref>{{rp|23}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|19}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394121 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref name="Census1921B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|21}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1931-26575928/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|32}}
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="Census2011B">{{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11389/download/14502/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=C -1 POPULATION BY RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY - 2011 |website=census.gov.in |access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
| 24,963
| {{Percentage | 24963 | 53629 | 2 }}
| 27,629
| {{Percentage | 27629 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 27,044
| {{Percentage | 27044 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 19,874
| {{Percentage | 19874 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 20,255
| {{Percentage | 20255 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 22,764{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| {{Percentage | 22764 | 55129 | 2 }}
| 27,361{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| {{Percentage | 27361 | 69850 | 2 }}
| 255,362
| {{Percentage | 255362 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 21,119
| {{Percentage | 21119 | 53629 | 2 }}
| 22,121
| {{Percentage | 22121 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 21,543
| {{Percentage | 21543 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 19,154
| {{Percentage | 19154 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 19,345
| {{Percentage | 19345 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 21,591
| {{Percentage | 21591 | 55129 | 2 }}
| 26,116
| {{Percentage | 26116 | 69850 | 2 }}
| 8,361
| {{Percentage | 8361 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 7,101
| {{Percentage | 7101 | 53629 | 2 }}
| 5,755
| {{Percentage | 5755 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 4,720
| {{Percentage | 4720 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 7,477
| {{Percentage | 7477 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 7,455
| {{Percentage | 7455 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 10,462
| {{Percentage | 10462 | 55129 | 2 }}
| 15,894
| {{Percentage | 15894 | 69850 | 2 }}
| 178,336
| {{Percentage | 178336 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 435
| {{Percentage | 435 | 53629 | 2 }}
| 234
| {{Percentage | 234 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 103
| {{Percentage | 103 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 249
| {{Percentage | 249 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 247
| {{Percentage | 247 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 183
| {{Percentage | 183 | 55129 | 2 }}
| 146
| {{Percentage | 146 | 69850 | 2 }}
| 719
| {{Percentage | 719 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 62
| {{Percentage | 62 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 109
| {{Percentage | 109 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 207
| {{Percentage | 207 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 216
| {{Percentage | 216 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 127
| {{Percentage | 127 | 55129 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 69850 | 2 }}
| 1,824
| {{Percentage | 1824 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 55
| {{Percentage | 55 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 26
| {{Percentage | 26 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 55129 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 55129 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 133
| {{Percentage | 133 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 53629 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 55856 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 53545 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 46974 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 47531 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 55129 | 2 }}
| 333
| {{Percentage | 333 | 69850 | 2 }}
| 1,511
| {{Percentage | 1511 | 446246 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 53,629
! {{Percentage | 53629 | 53629 | 2 }}
! 55,856
! {{Percentage | 55856 | 55856 | 2 }}
! 53,545
! {{Percentage | 53545 | 53545 | 2 }}
! 46,974
! {{Percentage | 46974 | 46974 | 2 }}
! 47,531
! {{Percentage | 47531 | 47531 | 2 }}
! 55,129
! {{Percentage | 55129 | 55129 | 2 }}
! 69,850
! {{Percentage | 69850 | 69850 | 2 }}
! 446,246
! {{Percentage | 446246 | 446246 | 2 }}
|}

==Government and politics==
===Civic administration===
[[Patiala Municipal Corporation]] (PMC) is the local body responsible for governing, developing and managing the city. PMC is further divided into 60 municipal wards.

Patiala Development Authority (PDA) is an agency responsible for the planning and development of the greater Patiala Metropolitan Area, which is revising the Patiala Master Plan and Building Bylaws. Patiala Development Department, a special department of the Government of Punjab, has been recently formed for overall development.

Patiala consists of three assembly constituencies: Patiala Urban, Patiala Rural, and Sanaur.

===District administration===
The [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], is the overall in-charge of the General Administration in the [[Districts of Punjab (India)|district]]. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to the Punjab Civil Service and other Punjab state services.

The brand-new Mini Secretariat on Nabha Road, which houses all the major offices including that of the DC and the SSP, was completed in record time, owing to the initiative of the member of parliament of Patiala and local administration.

In India, an Inspector General (IG) of Police is a two-star rank of the Indian Police Service. The ranks above this are Additional Director General (Addl. DG) and Director General (DG) of police. In Patiala, joint commissioners are at the rank of DIG and only additional commissioners are at the rank of IG.

The [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Senior Superintendent of Police]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]], is responsible for maintaining law and order and related issues in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Police Service and other Punjab Police officials.

The Divisional Forest Officer, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Forest Service]], is responsible for the management of the Forests, Environment and Wild-Life in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Punjab Forest Service and other Punjab Forest officials and Punjab Wild-Life officials.

Sectoral development is looked after by the district head officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal husbandry, etc. These officers are from Punjab state services.

== Tourist attractions ==

===Kali Devi Mandir===
[[File:Shri Kali Devi Patiala.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Murti]]'' of Maa kali at the [[Shri Kali Devi Temple, Patiala]]. The temple was commissioned by the Sikh ruler of Patiala, [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Maharaja Bhupinder Singh]] in 1936.]]
[[Shri Kali Devi Temple, Patiala|Kali Devi Temple]] is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Maa Kaali]]. The temple was built by the Sikh ruler of the Patiala State, [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Maharaja Bhupinder Singh]], who financed the building of the temple in his capital and oversaw its installation in 1936. Legend has it that the Maharaja built the temple to protect the city from flooding and performed annual sacrifice at the temple. Bhupinder Singh ruled the princely state of Patiala from 1900 to 1938. He brought the 6-ft statue of Divine Mother Kali and Paawan Jyoti from Bengal to Patiala and offered the first [[Animal sacrifice in Hinduism|Bali]] (sacrifice) of a water buffalo to the temple. Because of the temple's beautiful structure, it has been declared a national monument. This large complex attracts devotees, [[Hindu]] and [[Sikh]], from distant places.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

A much older temple of Raj Rajeshwari is also situated in the center of this complex. The temple is situated opposite the Baradari garden at Mall Road. Devotees offer mustard oil, daal (lentils), sweets, coconuts, bangles, and chunnis, goats, hens, and [[liquor]] to the Divine Mother here. As an average estimate, devotees offer more than 60,000 liquor bottles during Navratras alone, which are distributed to the beggars sitting outside the temple and go into a 'Sharab Kund' built on the temple's premises.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hdfcbank.com/personal/donate-online/religious-offering-inner/1323430251 | title=Donate your Offerings to Religious Institutes Online with HDFC Bank }}</ref>

=== Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
[[File:Dukh Nivaran 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gurdwara Dukh Nivaran Sahib]], Patiala]]
According to local tradition, supported by an old handwritten document preserved in the Gurdwara, one Bhag Ram, a Jhivar of [[Lehal, Patiala|Lehal]], waited upon the ninth Guru of Sikhs [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] during his sojourn at Saifabad (now Bahadurgarh). He requested that the Guru might be pleased to visit and bless his village so that its inhabitants could be rid of a severe and mysterious sickness that had been their bane for a long time.

The [[Sikh gurus|Guru]] visited Lehal on Magh sudi 5, 1728 Bikram/24 January 1672 and stayed under a [[Banyan|banyan tree]] by the side of a pond. The sickness in the village subsided. The site where Guru Tegh Bahadur had sat came to be known as [[Gurdwara Dukh Nivaran Sahib|Dukh Nivaran]], literally meaning eradicator of suffering. Devotees have faith in the healing qualities of water in the Sarovar attached to the shrine. It is still believed that any illness can be cured by 'ishnaan' on five consecutive [[Panchami]]. It is in the vicinity of Patiala Bus Station.

=== Gurdwara Moti Bagh ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
Gurudwara Moti Baag is situated on the outskirts of Patiala City. When Shri Guru Teg Bahadur started his journey towards [[Delhi]], he came here via [[Kiratpur Sahib]], Bharatgarh Sahib, Roap Makar, [[Kabulpur]], etc. Saint Saif Ali Khan was a great follower of Guru, To fulfill his wish Guru Sahib came to his Place Saifabad (Bahadur Garh). The holly Guru stayed here for 3 Months. Saif Ali Khan Served the Guru with great devotion. In the daytime Guru Teg Bahadur used to meditate on the Place inside the Qila (Fort) and at night time, he would come here. From here the Guru left for [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]] and stayed in the Haveli of Muhamad Bakhshish. From there onward, Guru Sahib left towards Cheeka Via Karhali, Balbera.

=== Bahadurgarh Fort ===
The Bahadurgarh Fort is 6 kilometers away from Patiala city. It is situated on Patiala-Chandigarh road. The fort was constructed by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Nawab Saif Khan in 1658 A.D. where [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] visited him and later renovated by a Sikh ruler Maharaja Karam Singh in 1837. The construction of the entire fort was completed in eight years. A sum of ten lakh rupees was spent on its construction. It covers an area of {{cvt|2|km2}}. The fort is enclosed within two rounded walls and a moat. The circumference of the fort is slightly over two kilometers.<ref name="bri10">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Chandigarh/Patialas-Mughal-era-fort-to-get-Rs-4-3cr-facelift/articleshow/45714787.cms Patiala's Mughal era fort to get Rs 4.3cr facelift], [[Times of India]], 1 Jan 2015.</ref>

The name Bahadurgarh fort was given by Maharaja Karam Singh as a tribute to the Sikh Guru Teg Bahadur who stayed here for three months and nine days before leaving for Delhi where he was executed by [[Aurangzeb]] in 1675 CE.<ref name="sc2001">{{cite web|last1=Chandra|first1=Satish|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur's martyrdom|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020228135707/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/10/16/stories/05162524.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2002|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="bha2">{{cite book|author=H.R. Gupta|isbn=9788121502764|title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Gurus, 1469-1708|year=1984|volume=1}}</ref><ref name="pslf">{{cite book|author=Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech|title=The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=236–445, Quote:"this second martyrdom helped to make 'human rights and freedom of conscience' central to its identity." Quote: "This is the reputed place where several Kashmiri pandits came seeking protection from Auranzeb's army."}}</ref><ref name="bri10" /> The fort consists of a historical Gurdwara Sahib (a Sikh temple) named Gurdwara Sahib Patshai Nauvin. This Gurudwara shows fine Sikh architecture. This Gurudwara is controlled by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee. People visit this Gurudwara on the occasion of the festival of Baisakhi on 13 April, every year.<ref name="bri10" />

=== Qila Mubarak complex ===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
[[File: Qila Mubarak, Patiala.jpg|thumb|A gate of the Qila Mubarak in Patiala, built in the 18th century]]
[[File:PATIALA,QILLA MUBARAK.jpg|thumb|The Darshani Gate (the main gate of the [[Qila Mubarak, Patiala|Qila Mubarak]]), built in the 18th century. The city was built around the fort.]]
The Qila Mubarak complex stands on a 10-acre ground in the heart of the city and contains the main palace or Qila Androon (literally, 'inner fort'), the [[Guest house|guesthouse]] or Ran Baas and the Darbar Hall. Outside the Qila are the Darshani Gate, a Shiva temple, and bazaar shops which border the streets that run around the Qila and sell precious ornaments, colourful hand-woven fabrics, '[[jooti]]s' and bright 'Paradis'.

It was the principal residence of the Patiala royals until the construction of Old Moti Bagh Palace.

The entrance is through an imposing gate. The architectural style of the palace is a synthesis of late Mughal and Rajasthani. The complex has ten courtyards along the north–south axis. Each courtyard is unique in size and character, some being broad, others very small and others mere slits in the fabric of the building. Though the Androon is a single interconnected building, it is spoken of as a series of palaces. Each set of rooms makes a cluster around a courtyard, and each carries a name: Topkhana, Qila Mubarak, Sheesh Mahal, Treasury, and Prison. Ten of the rooms are painted with frescoes or decorated intricately with mirrors and gilt.

In a tiny portion of the complex is a little British construction with Gothic arches, fireplaces made of marble, and built-in toilets perched on the Mughal Rajasthani roof. Burj Baba Ala Singh has had a fire smouldering ever since the time of Ala Singh, along with a flame brought by him from Jwalaji. Every year it is decorated beautifully for the Heritage Festival.

=== Sheesh Mahal ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
[[File: Suspension Bridge at Sheesh Mahal, Patiala.jpg|thumb|The suspension bridge at Sheesh Mahal, Patiala]]
A part of the Old Moti Bagh Palace built in the 19th century by the Maharajas is the famous Sheesh Mahal, literally meaning the Palace of Mirrors. The mahal contains a large number of frescoes, most of which were made under His Highness Maharaja Narinder Singh. A lake in front of the palace adds to the beauty. Lakshman Jhula, a bridge built across the lake, is a famous attraction. A museum housing the largest collection of medals from the world collected by [[His Highness]] [[Maharaja Bhupinder Singh]] is here.

Currently, the museum along with the main building is closed for public viewing because of renovation. However, tourists can access the surroundings of the Mahal along with the Lakshman Jhula.

=== Baradari Gardens ===
[[File:RajindraKothi.jpg|thumb|right|Rajindra Kothi, Patiala located in the Baradari Gardens, now a heritage hotel]]
The Baradari Gardens, the garden with 12 gates, are in the north of old Patiala city, just outside Sheranwala Gate. The garden complex, set up during the reign of Maharaja Rajindera Singh, has extensive vegetation of rare trees, shrubs, and flowers dotted with impressive Colonial buildings and a marble statue of Maharaja Rajindera Singh. It was built as a royal residence with a cricket stadium, a skating rink, and a small palace set in its heart named Rajindera Kothi. The gardens include a museum building with collections of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh.

After extensive restoration, it opened as a heritage hotel run by [[Neemrana Hotels]] group in 2009. It is Punjab's first heritage hotel. It is near Press Club Patiala which was established in 2006 and is now headed by Parveen Komal, president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fort right  |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090806/ttlife1.htm |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=6 August 2009 }}</ref>
[[File: Dining Hall Baradari Palace.jpg|thumb|Royal Dining Hall]]
Press Club Patiala is situated at Barandari Garden Near 20 No. Railway Crossing. Headed by Mr. Parveen Komal President www.pressclubpatiala.com. It was established by Captain Amrinder Singh Chief Minister Of Punjab in 2006.

=== 12 Royal Gates of Patiala ===
* Darshani Gate - Main entrance of Quilla Mubarak 
* Sanouri Gate
* Lahori Gate
* Sherawala Gate
* Sunami Gate
* Sirhindi Gate
* Ghalori Gate
* Safabadi Gate
* Top Khana Gate
* Nabha Gate
* Samania Gate
* Rajindera Gate

=== National Institute of Sports ===
Founded in 1961, [[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]] (NIS) is Asia's largest sports institute in princely city of Patiala. The institute was renamed Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports in January 1973.[[File:MotiBaghPalace.jpg|thumb|left| Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports (NSNIS), Patiala]]NIS is housed in the Old Moti Bagh palace of the erstwhile royal family of Patiala, which was purchased by the government of India after Indian Independence. Today, several sports memorabilia, like a has (doughnut-shaped exercise disc), weighing 95&nbsp;kg, used by the Great Gama for squats, Major Dhyan Chand's gold medal, from 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, and PT Usha 1986 Seoul Asiad shoes, are housed at the National Institute of Sports Museum.<ref>[[National Institute of Sports|NIS]]</ref>

=== Patiala Central State Library===
[[File:Central library Patiala 02.jpg|thumb|Central library Patiala 02]]
Patiala Central State Library is one of the oldest libraries in the state. It was opened in 1956. It is named after the former Punjab Chief Minister Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir. The library has a rare collection of books. There are more than 1,35,000 books in the library. Out of it, more than 15,000 books are archival books and 3,000 rare manuscripts.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/patiala-central-state-library-cries-for-attention-151502 | title=Patiala Central State Library cries for attention }}</ref>

==Culture and traditions==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
[[File:Patiala Phulkari.jpg|thumb|[[Phulkari]] from Patiala]]

Patiala's sway over the Malwa area extended beyond merely political influence. Patiala was equally the set of religious and cultural life. Educationally, Patiala was at the forefront. Patiala was the first town in this part of the country to have a degree college – the [[Mohindra College]] – in 1870.

Patiala has seen the evolution of a distinct style of architecture. Borrowing from the [[Rajput]] style, its beauty and elegance are molded according to the local traditions.

[[File: Phul Cinema.jpg|thumb|Phul Cinema on the Mall facing the Fountain Chowk is built in [[Art Deco]] style]]

With the active patronage of the Maharajas of Patiala, a well-established style of [[Hindustan]] I music called the "[[Patiala gharana]]" came into existence and has held its own up to the present times. This school of music has had several famous musicians, many of whom came to Patiala after the disintegration of the [[Mughal Court]] at [[Delhi]] in the 18th century. At the turn of the century, Ustad Ali Bux was the most renowned exponent of this Gharana. Later, his sons Ustad [[Akhtar Hussain Khan]] and [[Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]] achieved worldwide fame and brought glory to the Patiala Gharana.

After the partition of British India, the Muslim community was massacred or forced to flee the city en masse to [[Pakistan]]. At the same time, many [[Hindu]] and [[Sikh]] refugees migrated from Pakistan and settled on the Muslim properties in Patiala. The then Maharaja of Patiala, [[Yadavindra Singh|His Highness Yadavindra Singh]], [[Rajpramukh]] of [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|PEPSU]] with his wife [[Rajmata Mohinder Kaur of Patiala|Her Highness Maharani Mohinder Kaur]] organized a large number of camps and worked tirelessly for the people.

==Education==
[[File:Mohindra College.jpg|right|thumb|[[Mohindra College]], Patiala]]
{{Cleanup list|section|date=April 2024}}
Since [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] in 1947, Patiala has emerged as a major education centre in the state of Punjab. The city houses the [[Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thapar.edu/|title=Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology|website=www.thapar.edu}}</ref> [[LM Thapar School of Management]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lmtsm.thapar.edu/|title=Top MBA College in Punjab, India, MBA Admission 2022|website=LM Thapar School of Management}}</ref> [[Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University]], [[Punjab Sports University]], [[Punjabi University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://universitypunjabi.org|title=University Punjabi – Established under Punjab Act No.35 of 1961|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060408134132/http://universitypunjabi.org/|archive-date=8 April 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law]],<ref name="rgnulpatiala.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.rgnulpatiala.org|title=ワンランク上の風俗嬢|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413020628/http://www.rgnulpatiala.org/|archive-date=13 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[General Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khalsacollegepatiala.org/|title=Khalsa College Patiala-Official Website|website=www.khalsacollegepatiala.org}}</ref> [[Government Mohindra College]], [[Aryans College of Law]], [[Multani Mal Modi College]], [[Government Medical College, Patiala]], [[Thapar Polytechnic College]], and [[Govt. Bikram College of Commerce]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gbcpatiala.org|title=home|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021193004/http://gbcpatiala.org/|archive-date=21 October 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref> one of the premier commerce colleges in northern India.

[[Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports]], Patiala is a sports hub of north India. [[Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law]], Patiala<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |website=[[Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law]] Punjab |url=https://www.rgnul.ac.in/ }}</ref> was the first national law school of the north region established under the Punjab Government Act of 2006.

List of universities in Patiala: 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Type of university
|-
|[[Punjabi University]]|| [[State University]]
|-
|[[Thapar University]]|| [[Deemed University]]
|-
|[[Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law]]|| [[National Law University|National University]]
|-
|[[Punjab Sports University]]|| [[State University]]
|-
|[[Jagat Guru Nanak Dev Punjab State Open University]]|| [[State University]]
|-
|[[Chitkara University, Punjab|Chitkara University]]|| [[Private University]]
|}

Notable schools:
* [[The British Co-Ed High School]]
* [[Our Lady of Fatima Convent High School|Our Lady of Fatima Convent Sec. School]], Patiala
{{Cleanup-list|section|date=August 2024}} 
* [[Guru Nanak Foundation Public School]], Patiala
* [[Meritorious School Patiala]]
* [[Scholar Fields Public School]], Patiala
* [[St. Peter's Academy, Patiala]]
* [[Yadavindra Public School, Patiala]] (YPS Patiala)

==Sports==
Patiala is home to numerous inter-state sporting teams in tournaments like Black Elephants. The city has facilities for cricket, swimming, shooting, skating and hockey. The city has stadiums such as Dhruv Pandove Ground, Raja Bhalinder Stadium, Yadavindra Sports Stadium (YPS) and [[National Institute of Sports]].

The latest addition to sports is the state-of-the-art shotgun shooting ranges housing New Moti Bagh Gun Club in village Maine. Founded by the royal family of Patiala, these ranges are home to the Indian Shotgun Shooting team who routinely trains here. It has recently hosted the 2nd Asian Shotgun Championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thenrai.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=323 |title=2nd Asian Shotgun Championship Patiala 2012 |access-date=2014-01-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201124235/http://thenrai.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=323 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Patiala}}
<!-- Please do NOT add names of people here. If the person has their OWN article on the English Wikipedia, please add them at [[Notable people from Patiala]] -->

==Suburbs of Patiala==
* [[Nabha]] (Municipal Council) {{cvt|25|km}}
* [[Rajpura]] (Municipal Council) {{cvt|27|km}}
* [[Samana, India|Samana]] (Municipal Council) {{cvt|27|km}}

==See also==
* [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]]
* [[Chandigarh]]
* [[Mohali]]
* [[Panchkula]]
* [[Rajpura]]
* [[Fatehgarh Sahib]]
* [[Bassi Pathana]]
* [[Mandi Gobindgarh]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{EB1911 poster|Patiala}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
* [http://patiala.nic.in/ Official website of Patiala]

{{Patiala district}}
{{Punjab (Indian state)|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Patiala| ]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]