Editing Pana, Illinois

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Pana
| official_name            = 
| native_name              = 
| native_name_lang         = 
| other_name               = 
| settlement_type          = [[List of municipalities in Illinois|Town]]
| image_skyline            = Louis Jehle House, Pana, Illinois.jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = 
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = 
| etymology                = 
| nickname                 = '''''City of Roses'''''
| motto                    = 
| anthem                   = 
| image_map                = File:Christian County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Pana Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                  = 
| map_alt                  = 
| map_caption              = Location of Pana in Christian County, Illinois.
| image_map1               = Illinois in United States (US48).svg
| mapsize1                 = 
| map_alt1                 = 
| map_caption1             = Location of Illinois in the United States
| pushpin_map              = 
| pushpin_label_position   = 
| pushpin_label            = 
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_mapsize          = 
| pushpin_relief           = 
| pushpin_map_caption      = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|39|23|05|N|89|03|51|W|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint            = 
| coordinates_footnotes    = <ref name=gnis/>
| grid_name                = 
| grid_position            = 
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = State
| subdivision_name1        = Illinois
| subdivision_type2        = County
| subdivision_name2        = [[Christian County, Illinois|Christian]], [[Shelby County, Illinois|Shelby]]                                                    | subdivision_type3        = Township
| subdivision_name3        = 
| established_title        = Founded
| founder                  = 
| named_for                = 
| seat_type                = 
| seat                     = 
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| governing_body           = 
| leader_party             = 
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = Nathan M. Pastor
| leader_title1            = 
| leader_name1             = 
| total_type               = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_17.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 10.78
| area_total_sq_mi         = 4.16
| area_land_km2            = 9.99
| area_land_sq_mi          = 3.86
| area_water_km2           = 0.80
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.31
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft             = 679
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 5199
| population_density_km2   = 520.59
| population_density_sq_mi = 1348.29
| timezone1                = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1              = −6
| timezone1_DST            = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST          = −5
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code|ZIP Code(s)]]
| postal_code              = 62557
| area_code                = [[Area code 217|217]]
| geocode                  = 
| iso_code                 = 
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 17-57472
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] ID
| blank1_info              = 2396135<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396135}}</ref>
| blank2_name              = 
| blank2_info              = 
| blank2_name_sec2         = Wikimedia Commons
| blank2_info_sec2         = Pana, Illinois
| website                  = {{URL|https://www.cityofpana.org/}}
| footnotes                = 
}}
'''Pana''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|eɪ|n|ə}} is a small town in [[Christian County, Illinois|Christian County]], [[Illinois]], United States. A small portion is in [[Shelby County, Illinois|Shelby County]]. The population was 5,199 at the 2020 census.

==History==
[[File:Pana, Illinois (1913).jpg|thumb|left|Tracks and depots of the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] and [[Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad]] in Pana, 1913]]

The area around Pana was first organized as Stone Coal Precinct in 1845.  The county's precincts became townships in 1856, and Stone Coal Precinct became [[Pana Township, Christian County, Illinois]]. In 1857 the village of Pana was incorporated.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Young |first=Chris |title=Museum-in-progress to focus on Pana history |url=https://eu.sj-r.com/story/news/state/2012/07/17/museum-in-progress-to-focus/41733304007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122213328/https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/state/2012/07/17/museum-in-progress-to-focus/41733304007/ |archive-date=2024-01-22 |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=[[The State Journal-Register]]}}</ref>  The name "Pana" is believed to have been derived from the indigenous tribe, the [[Pawnee people|Pawnee]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Illinois Central Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WI3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PT49|year=1922|publisher=Illinois Central Railroad Company|page=44}}</ref> It developed at the intersection of east–west and north–south railroads, and had supplies of fuel and water for the [[steam engine]]s of the [[railroad]].

Pana was recognized as a sundown town.<ref>https://justice.tougaloo.edu/sundowntown/pana-il/</ref>

The community became a center of coal mining in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In April 1899, what is known as the [[Pana riot]] broke out after a violent confrontation between black and white miners. Initially a white man was killed (by a policeman, it was later discovered), and white union miners attacked black replacement workers who had been recruited from [[Alabama]]. Six additional people were killed: one white (likely also shot by a white man) and five blacks; in addition, six more black miners were wounded. While the immediate violence was quelled, blacks felt tremendous hostility. Rather than return to Alabama and the [[Jim Crow]] South, from where they had been recruited, 211 of the nearly 300 African Americans remaining in town moved west to [[Weir, Kansas]], to work at another mine.<ref name="lenstra">{{Cite web | title=The African-American mining experience in Illinois from 1800 to 1920| author=N. Lenstra |date=2009 |url=http://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/9578/BlackMinersIllinois.pdf?sequence=2| publisher= University of Illinois IDEALS }}</ref>

Pana came to be known as the City of Roses, a nickname coined by local newsmen, the Jordan Brothers.  Many major florists and growers set up shop here. At one time, there were 109 greenhouses in Pana.

[[Kitchell Park]] was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1992. The [[Louis Jehle House]], added to the National Register in 1995, is also located in Pana.

==Geography==
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Pana has a total area of {{convert|4.16|sqmi|km2|2}}, of which {{convert|3.86|sqmi|km2|2}} (or 92.60%) is land and {{convert|0.31|sqmi|km2|2}} (or 7.40%) is water.<ref name="gaz2021">{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Census.gov}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Pana, Illinois (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1890–present)
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 74
| Feb record high F = 76
| Mar record high F = 88
| Apr record high F = 92
| May record high F = 101
| Jun record high F = 106
| Jul record high F = 115
| Aug record high F = 108
| Sep record high F = 105
| Oct record high F = 95
| Nov record high F = 84
| Dec record high F = 74
| year record high F = 115
| Jan high F = 36.6
| Feb high F = 41.5
| Mar high F = 52.8
| Apr high F = 65.6
| May high F = 75.5
| Jun high F = 84.1
| Jul high F = 87.3
| Aug high F = 86.3
| Sep high F = 80.8
| Oct high F = 68.2
| Nov high F = 53.4
| Dec high F = 41.6
| year high F = 64.5
| Jan mean F = 27.9
| Feb mean F = 32.0
| Mar mean F = 42.1
| Apr mean F = 53.5
| May mean F = 63.9
| Jun mean F = 73.1
| Jul mean F = 76.2
| Aug mean F = 74.5
| Sep mean F = 67.8
| Oct mean F = 55.9
| Nov mean F = 43.3
| Dec mean F = 33.1
| year mean F = 53.6
| Jan low F = 19.3
| Feb low F = 22.6
| Mar low F = 31.3
| Apr low F = 41.3
| May low F = 52.3
| Jun low F = 62.0
| Jul low F = 65.1
| Aug low F = 62.7
| Sep low F = 54.8
| Oct low F = 43.7
| Nov low F = 33.2
| Dec low F = 24.6
| year low F = 42.7
| Jan record low F = −25
| Feb record low F = −24
| Mar record low F = −6
| Apr record low F = 17
| May record low F = 26
| Jun record low F = 35
| Jul record low F = 45
| Aug record low F = 41
| Sep record low F = 26
| Oct record low F = 17
| Nov record low F = -3
| Dec record low F = −20
| year record low F = -25
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 2.78
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.15
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.02
| Apr precipitation inch = 4.80
| May precipitation inch = 4.75
| Jun precipitation inch = 5.07
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.01
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.00
| Sep precipitation inch = 3.25
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.53
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.68
| Dec precipitation inch = 2.26
| year precipitation inch = 42.30
| Jan snow inch = 5.1
| Feb snow inch = 2.6
| Mar snow inch = 2.6
| Apr snow inch = 0.5
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.1
| Nov snow inch = 0.9
| Dec snow inch = 2.7
| year snow inch = 14.5
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 8.5
| Feb precipitation days = 8.1
| Mar precipitation days = 11.0
| Apr precipitation days = 11.8
| May precipitation days = 12.8
| Jun precipitation days = 10.8
| Jul precipitation days = 9.0
| Aug precipitation days = 8.3
| Sep precipitation days = 7.8
| Oct precipitation days = 9.4
| Nov precipitation days = 9.6
| Dec precipitation days = 9.0
| year precipitation days = 116.1
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 2.7
| Feb snow days = 2.2
| Mar snow days = 1.4
| Apr snow days = 0.2
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.5
| Dec snow days = 2.0
| year snow days = 9.0
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= nws>
{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ilx
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = July 21, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00116579&format=pdf
| title = Station: Pana, IL
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = July 21, 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1870= 2207
|1880= 3009
|1890= 5077
|1900= 5530
|1910= 6055
|1920= 6122
|1930= 5835
|1940= 5966
|1950= 6178
|1960= 6432
|1970= 6326
|1980= 6040
|1990= 5796
|2000= 5614
|2010= 5847
|2020= 5199
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1757472 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> there were 5,199 people, 2,425 households, and 1,320 families residing in the town. The population density was {{Convert|1,248.56|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}. There were 2,772 housing units at an average density of {{Convert|665.71|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the town was 95.48% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.38% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.56% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.29% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.15% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.94% of the population.

There were 2,425 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.27% were married couples living together, 13.77% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.57% were non-families. 37.57% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 2.15.

The town's age distribution consisted of 22.9% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $47,701, and the median income for a family was $52,935. Males had a median income of $41,116 versus $24,955 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $23,692. About 13.3% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
===Pana Heritage Days===
The Pana Heritage Days are an annual festival that takes place during the last weekend in May. Streets are blocked off and are filled with multiple vendors and fair rides. Live band music is generally provided.

===Labor Day Parade===
The annual Pana Labor Day Parade is attended by up to 15,000 people, the largest such event in all of Illinois. The 2011 parade featured 343 firemen marching to lead the parade in an honor to the firemen, paramedics, and policemen who died in the [[September 11 attacks]]. Pana's Labor Day Parade in 2022 was the 88th parade the town has hosted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pana Labor Day Parade theme: 'That's Entertainment' |url=https://www.breezecourier.com/2022/07/09/pana-labor-day-parade-theme-thats-entertainment/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=The Breeze-Courier |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Tri-County Fair===
The Tri-County Fair is held annually and lasts for six days. The fair begins on the Wednesday before Labor Day and ends on Labor Day. It features many carnival rides, vendors, and games. Average attendance per day is 7,000.

== Notable people ==
<!-- Note:
· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability.
· The article must mention how they are associated with Pana, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name, please.
· All others will be deleted without further explanation.-->

* [[Nin Alexander]] (1858–1933), player for the [[Kansas City Unions]] and the [[St. Louis Browns]], born in Pana<ref>{{cite web|url=  https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/a/alexani01.shtml|title=Nin Alexander|publisher= Baseball-Reference.Com |access-date= September 22, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Warren Amling]] (1924–2001), football and basketball player, played for [[Ohio State Buckeyes|Ohio State]], 1984 [[College Football Hall of Fame]] inductee, born in Pana
* [[Michael J. Budds]], (1947–2020) musicologist, author, and philanthropist
* [[Howard Graham Buffett]] (born 1954), author, activist and philanthropist, owns a farm in rural Pana
* [[Thomas H. Carter|Thomas Henry Carter]] (1854–1911), senator, grew up in Pana
* [[Ed Coady]] (1867–1890), quarterback for [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Notre Dame]], born in Pana
* [[Pat Coady]] (1867–1943), quarterback for Notre Dame, born in Pana
* [[Mike Cvengros]] (1900–1974), pitcher with the [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Chicago White Sox]], and [[Chicago Cubs]], born in Pana
* [[John Wesley Fribley]] (1906–2002), state senate (1934–1952)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.uis.edu/archives/collections/oral/oralf.html|title=Oral History Abstacts - F &#124; Archives and Illinois Regional Archives Depository|website=library.uis.edu|accessdate=Apr 14, 2021}}</ref>
* [[Garet Garrett]] (1878–1954), 20th-century econo-political commentator and author<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramsey |first1=Bruce |title=Unsanctioned Voice : Garet Garrett, Journalist of the Old Right |date=2009 |publisher=Caxton Press |isbn=9780870044854 |page=7}}</ref>
* [[Hector Honore]] (1905–1983), race car driver and owner, died in Pana and was inducted into the [[National Sprint Car Hall of Fame & Museum]] in 1991
* [[Jeff Keener]] (born 1959), pitcher for the [[St. Louis Cardinals]]
* [[Dick Klein (American football)|Dick Klein]] (1934–2005), All-Star offensive lineman for the [[Chicago Bears]], the [[Dallas Cowboys]], the [[Boston Patriots]], and the [[Oakland Raiders]], born in Pana
* [[Albert Marsh]] (1877–1944), inventor of [[chromel]], born in Pana
* [[Vincent Sheean]] (1899–1975), war correspondent and author of the book ''Personal History'', born in Pana<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.traces.org/vincentsheean.html |title=Vincent Sheean |access-date=2006-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923214435/http://www.traces.org/vincentsheean.html |archive-date=2006-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Herb Siegert]] (1924–2008), former guard for the [[Washington Redskins]], born in Pana

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Pana, Illinois}}
{{EB1911 poster|Pana}}
* [https://www.cityofpana.org/ City website]

{{Christian County, Illinois}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Illinois]]
[[Category:Cities in Christian County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1845]]
[[Category:1845 establishments in Illinois]]