Editing Oscar I of Sweden

{{Short description|King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to 1859}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Oscar I
| image        = King Oscar I of Sweden.jpg
| succession   = [[King of Sweden]] and [[List of Norwegian monarchs|Norway]]
| reign        = 8 March 1844 – 8 July 1859
| coronation   = 28 September 1844, Stockholm
| predecessor  = [[Charles XIV & III John]]
| successor    = [[Charles XV & IV]]
| birth_name   = Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1799|07|04|df=y}}
| birth_place  = Paris, [[French First Republic]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1859|07|08|1799|07|04|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| burial_date  = 8 August 1859
| burial_place = [[Riddarholm Church]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Josephine of Leuchtenberg]]|1823}}
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Charles XV]]
*[[Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland]]
*[[Oscar II]]
*[[Princess Eugénie of Sweden|Princess Eugenie]]
*[[Prince August, Duke of Dalarna]]
}}
| house        = [[House of Bernadotte|Bernadotte]]
| father       = [[Charles XIV John]]
| mother       = [[Désirée Clary]]
| religion     = [[Church of Sweden]]<br>''prev.'' [[Catholic Church]]
| caption      = Portrait by Arvid Julius Gottfried Virgin, 1858
| signature    = Signature of Oscar I of Sweden.svg
}}
'''Oscar I''' (born '''Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte'''; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859) was [[King of Sweden]] and [[List of Norwegian monarchs|Norway]] from 8 March 1844 until his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=    https://nbl.snl.no/Oscar_1|title=    Oscar 1, Konge|publisher=    Norsk biografisk leksikon|access-date=    1 September 2016|archive-date=    10 December 2019|archive-url=    https://web.archive.org/web/20191210141458/https://nbl.snl.no/Oscar_1|url-status=    live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=27425&sek=27067|title= Kong Oscar I (1799–1859)|publisher= kongehuset.no|access-date= 1 September 2016|archive-date= 20 October 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020203848/https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=27425&sek=27067|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/nfbt/0539.html|title= Oskar, konungar af Sverige och Norge|publisher= Nordisk familjebok|access-date= 1 September 2016|archive-date= 22 October 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201022065311/http://runeberg.org/nfbt/0539.html|url-status= live}}</ref> He was the second monarch of the [[House of Bernadotte]].

The only child of King [[Charles XIV John]], Oscar inherited the thrones upon the death of his father. Throughout his reign he would pursue a liberal course in politics in contrast to Charles XIV John, instituting reforms and improving ties between Sweden and Norway. In an address to him in 1857, the [[Riksdag]] declared that he had promoted the material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cronholm, Neander N. |title=A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924071200822|year=1902}} ch 40 pp 273–288</ref>

==Early life and family==
[[File:Carl John & Desideria.jpg|thumb|left|Oscar's parents, King Carl John and Queen Desideria]]
[[File:Oscar I of Sweden & Norway as child c 1806 by Jean-Baptiste Isabey .jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Oscar Bernadotte'' a few years before being chosen with his father to be Swedish royalty.]]
Oscar was born at 291 Rue Cisalpine in Paris (today: 32 Rue Monceau){{efn|On 4 July 1911, a memorial plaque was placed on the building by the Société archéologique.}} to Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, then-French [[Ministry of War (France)|Minister of War]] and later Marshal of the Empire and Sovereign [[Prince of Pontecorvo]], and [[Désirée Clary]], [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s former fiancée. He was named ''[[Joseph]]'' after his godfather [[Joseph Bonaparte]], who was married to his mother's elder sister [[Julie Clary|Julie]], but was also given the names ''[[François]] [[Oscar (given name)|Oscar]]''. The latter name was chosen by Napoleon after one of the heroes in the [[Ossian]] cycle of poems, and was the name that came to be used in the family, mainly by the mother and the aunt. Désirée is said to have chosen Napoleon to be Oscar's [[Godparent|godfather]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://nbl.snl.no/Karl_3_Johan|title= Karl 3 Johan, Konge|publisher= Norsk biografisk leksikon|access-date= 1 September 2016|archive-date= 10 December 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191210121110/https://nbl.snl.no/Karl_3_Johan|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://nbl.snl.no/Desideria|title= Desideria, Dronning|publisher= Norsk biografisk leksikon|access-date= 1 September 2016|archive-date= 19 October 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201019224345/https://nbl.snl.no/Desideria|url-status= live}}</ref> He spent his first years in France, living with his mother and aunt, partly in Paris, partly at Joseph Bonaparte's country residence, the [[Château de Mortefontaine]] north of Paris. In 1807, he received his first [[tutor]], Le Moine.

==Prince of Sweden==
As the Swedish king [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles XIII]] was without legitimate heirs, and Sweden therefore was without an [[heir to the throne]], Oscar's father was proposed as a possible candidate to the Swedish throne in 1810. As one of the arguments for his election, it was argued that he already had a son and the future succession to the throne was secured. A portrait of the young Oscar was handed out at the [[Riksdag of the Estates|Diet of the Four Estates]] assembled in [[Örebro]] to elect an heir to the throne, serving as a lever for the election of Bernadotte. On 21 August 1810, the Riksdag elected Oscar's father as [[heir-presumptive]] to the Swedish throne. Two months later, on 5 November, he was formally adopted by the king under the name of "Charles John"; Oscar was then created a Prince of Sweden with the style of ''[[Royal Highness]]'', and further accorded the title of Duke of [[Södermanland]]. Oscar and his mother moved from [[Paris]] to [[Stockholm]] in June 1811; while Oscar soon acclimated to life at the royal court, quickly acquiring the [[Swedish (language)|Swedish language]], Désirée had difficulty adjusting and despised the cold weather. Consequently, she left Sweden in the summer of 1811, and would not return until 1823.<ref>{{cite book
 | author = Lars Elgklou
 | title = Familjen Bernadotte. En släktkrönika. (The Bernadotte family. A family chronicle.)
 | publisher = Skogs Boktryckeri Trelleborg
 | year = 1995
 | page = 21
 | language = sv
 | isbn=91-7054-755-6
}}</ref>

Oscar, who was accompanied to Sweden by Le Moine, immediately got a teacher of Swedish and was soon able to serve as his father's interpreter. On 17 January 1816, Oscar was elected an honorary member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]], and in 1818 was appointed chancellor of [[Uppsala University]], where he spent one semester.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://snl.no/Karl_2|title= Karl 2|publisher= Store norske leksikon|access-date= 1 September 2016|archive-date= 19 September 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160919130147/https://snl.no/Karl_2|url-status= live}}</ref>

Oscar became [[Crown Prince]] in 1818 upon the death of his adoptive grandfather, and the accession of Charles John to the Swedish and Norwegian thrones.

==Marriage and issue==
[[File:Framsida av medalj med bild av Oscar och Josefina i profil samt text - Skoklosters slott - 99622.tif|thumb|Medal for Oscar and Josephine 1829]]

Seeking to legitimise the new Bernadotte dynasty, Charles XIV John had selected four princesses as candidates for marriage, in order of his priority:<ref>Hjalmar Lagerqvist, Sveriges drottningar</ref>

* [[Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark|Vilhelmina of Denmark]] (born 18 January 1808), daughter of [[Frederick VI of Denmark]] and [[Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel]] (ultimately she married first [[Frederick VII of Denmark]] and second [[Karl, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]])
* [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg]] (born 14 March 1807), daughter of [[Eugène de Beauharnais|Eugene, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg]] and [[Princess Augusta of Bavaria|Augusta of Bavaria]], and granddaughter of the Empress [[Josephine de Beauharnais|Josephine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=     https://nbl.snl.no/Josefine|title=     Josefine, Dronning|publisher=     Norsk biografisk leksikon|access-date=     1 September 2016|archive-date=     23 October 2016|archive-url=     https://web.archive.org/web/20161023222931/https://nbl.snl.no/Josefine|url-status=     live}}</ref>{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
* [[Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel|Marie of Hesse-Kassel]] (born 6 September 1804), daughter of [[William II, Elector of Hesse]] and [[Princess Augusta of Prussia|Augusta of Prussia]] (ultimately she married [[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernard II of Saxe-Meiningen]])
* [[Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877)|Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] (born 3 February 1808), daughter of [[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Frederick I of Saxe-Weimar]] and [[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)|Maria Pavlovna of Russia]] (ultimately she married [[Prince Charles of Prussia]])

Oscar would eventually marry Josephine, first by [[Proxy marriage|proxy]] at the [[Palais Leuchtenberg|Leuchtenberg Palace]] in [[Munich]] on 22 May 1823 and in person at a wedding ceremony conducted in [[Stockholm]] on 19 June 1823.

The couple had five children:

# [[Charles XV of Sweden|King Charles XV & IV]] (1826–1872)
# [[Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland]] (1827–1852)
# [[Oscar II of Sweden|King Oscar II]] (1829–1907)<ref>{{cite web|url=     https://nbl.snl.no/Oscar_2|title=     Oscar 2, Konge|publisher=     Norsk biografisk leksikon|access-date=     1 September 2016|archive-date=     20 October 2016|archive-url=     https://web.archive.org/web/20161020141739/https://nbl.snl.no/Oscar_2|url-status=     live}}</ref>
# [[Princess Eugenie of Sweden|Princess Eugenie]] (1830–1889)
# [[Prince August, Duke of Dalarna]] (1831–1873)

Oscar also had two extramarital sons (unofficially called the ''Princes of [[Lapland (Sweden)|Lapland]]'') by actress [[Emilie Högquist]]:<ref>[[Alma Söderhjelm|Söderhjelm]] & [[Carl-Fredrik Palmstierna|Palmstierna]] in ''Oscar I'', [[Bonniers]], Stockholm 1944, p. 279</ref>
# Hjalmar Högquist, born 18 June 1839 in [[Hamburg]], died 1874 in London.
# Max Högquist, born 12 August 1840 in [[Stockholm]], died 1872 in China.

By Countess [[Jaquette Löwenhielm]] (née Gyldenstolpe) Oscar had a premarital daughter:
# Oscara Hilder née Meijergeer (1819–1880)

==Crown Prince ==
[[File:Crownprince Oscar of Sweden painted by Joseph Karl Stieler.jpg|right|thumb|Crown Prince Oscar of Sweden, painted by Joseph Karl Stieler]]
In 1824 and 1833, Oscar briefly served as [[Viceroy of Norway]].

In 1832–1834 he completed the romantic opera ''Ryno, the errant knight'', which had been left unfinished on the death of the young composer [[Eduard Brendler]]. In 1839 he wrote a series of articles on popular education, and in 1841 anonymously published ''Om Straff och straffanstalter'', a work advocating [[prison reform]]s.

==Reign==
[[File:Oscar I & Josephine coronation medal 1844.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Coronation medal 1844]]
[[File:Oscar i foto.jpg|left|thumb|[[Daguerreotype]] of Oscar I in 1844; this is the first known photograph of a Swedish monarch.]]

In 1838 Charles XIV John began to suspect that his son was plotting with the Liberal politicians to bring about a change of ministry, or even his own [[abdication]]. If Oscar did not actively assist the Opposition on this occasion, his disapprobation of his father's [[Despotism|despot]]ic behaviour was notorious, though he avoided an actual rupture. Yet his [[liberalism]] was of the most cautious and moderate character, as the Opposition—shortly after his accession to the thrones in 1844—discovered to their great chagrin. The new king would not hear of any radical reform of the cumbersome and obsolete [[Instrument of Government (1809)|1809 Instrument of Government]], which made the king a near-autocrat. However, one of his earliest measures was to establish [[freedom of the press]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He also passed the first law supporting [[gender equality]] in Sweden when he in 1845 declared that in the absence of a will specifying otherwise, brothers and sisters should have equal inheritance.<ref>{{cite web|url=     http://www.nndb.com/people/284/000103972/|title=     Oscar I|publisher=     Soylent Communications|access-date=     1 September 2016|archive-date=     2 June 2016|archive-url=     https://web.archive.org/web/20160602191627/http://www.nndb.com/people/284/000103972/|url-status=     live}}</ref> Oscar I also formally established equality between his two kingdoms by introducing new flags with the common [[Union badge of Norway and Sweden]], as well as a new coat of arms for the union.

In foreign affairs, Oscar I was a friend of the principle of [[nationalism|nationality]]; in 1848 he supported Denmark against the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in the [[First War of Schleswig]] by placing Swedish and Norwegian troops in [[cantonment]]s in [[Funen]] and North [[Schleswig]] (1849–1850), and was the mediator of the [[Truce of Malmö]] (26 August 1848). He was also one of the guarantors of the integrity of Denmark (the [[London Protocol (1852)|London Protocol]], 8 May 1852).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

As early as 1850, Oscar I had conceived the plan of a dynastic union of the three [[Scandinavia]]n kingdoms, but such difficulties presented themselves that the scheme had to be abandoned.<ref>Lars O. Lagerqvist in ''Sverige och dess regenter under 1000 år (Sweden and Her Rulers for 1000 years'') {{ISBN|91-0-075007-7}} pp. 273–274</ref> He succeeded, however, in reversing his father's favored-nation policy towards [[Imperial Russia]]. His fear lest Russia should demand a stretch of coast along the [[Varanger Fjord]] induced him to remain neutral during the [[Crimean War]], and, subsequently, to conclude an alliance with the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and the [[Second French Empire]] (25 November 1855) for preserving the territorial integrity of Sweden-Norway.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Death==
[[File:Oscar I of Sweden & Norway dead 1859.jpg|thumb|150px|Oscar on his deathbed in 1859]]
In the 1850s, Oscar's health began to rapidly deteriorate; he became paralyzed in 1857 and died two years later at the Royal Palace in Stockholm on 8 July 1859, four days after his birthday. He was buried in the traditional burial site for Swedish monarchs, the [[Riddarholmen Church]] on the islet of [[Riddarholmen]] in central Stockholm. His eldest son, who served as Regent during his absence, succeeded him as [[Charles XV of Sweden|Charles XV]].
[[File:Gustav of Sweden & Norway (1827) & Oscar I of Sweden & Norway 1852.jpg|thumb|right|Photograph of Oscar I (right) and his son [[Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland|Prince Gustaf]] (left), {{circa|1852}}]]

==Honours==
'''Swedish and Norwegian honours'''
* Knight and Commander of the [[Order of the Seraphim]], ''26 September 1810''
* Knight of the [[Order of Charles XIII]], ''26 September 1810''
* Commander Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Sword]], ''26 September 1810''
* Commander Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Polar Star]], ''26 September 1810''
* Commander Grand Cross of the [[Order of Vasa]], ''26 September 1810''
* Founder and Master of the [[Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav]], ''21 August 1847''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28662&sek=28559&scope=27248|title=The Order of St. Olav|website=www.royalcourt.no|access-date=31 March 2018|archive-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144104/http://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28662&sek=28559&scope=27248|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Foreign honours'''
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia]]: Knight of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]], ''27 August 1811''<ref>''Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler'' (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10362193?page=26 p. 16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510095918/https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10362193?page=26 |date=10 May 2023 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}:<ref>{{cite book|title=Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZpKAAAAcAAJ|year=1817|publisher=l'Académie Imp. des Sciences|pages=63, 78|access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120184550/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZpKAAAAcAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
** Knight of the [[Order of St. Andrew]], ''30 August 1812''
** Knight of the [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]], ''30 August 1812''
* {{flag|Denmark}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]], ''1 December 1835''<ref name="Berlien1846"/>
* {{flag|Spain|1785}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]], ''15 June 1844''<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Caballeros existentes en la insignie Orden del Toison de Oro|title=Guía de forasteros en Madrid para el año de 1850|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89119119642&view=1up&seq=86|year=1850|publisher=En la Imprenta Nacional|page=80|language=es|access-date=3 May 2020|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120185231/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89119119642&view=1up&seq=86|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: Knight of the [[Order of St. Hubert]], ''1844''<ref name="Bayern1858">{{cite book|author=Bayern|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1858|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OdtAAAAAcAAJ|year=1858|publisher=Landesamt|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OdtAAAAAcAAJ/page/n483 7]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen}} [[Hohenzollern]]: Cross of Honour of the [[House Order of Hohenzollern|Princely House Order of Hohenzollern]], 1st Class<ref>{{cite book|title=Hof- und Adreß-Handbuch des Fürstenthums Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen: 1844|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_GUAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA19|year=1844|publisher=Beck und Fränkel|page=19|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120185229/https://books.google.com/books?id=_GUAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Baden}}:<ref name = "HandbuchBaden">''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1853), "Großherzogliche Orden" [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1870866 p. 31] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902081516/https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1870866 |date=2 September 2019 }}, [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1870881 46] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902081512/https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1870881 |date=2 September 2019 }}</ref>
** Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1845''
** Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Zähringer Lion]], ''1845''
* {{flag|Empire of Brazil}}:<ref name="Berlien1846">{{cite book|author=Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien|title=Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung über die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwärtigen Gestalt, und nächstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen|url=https://archive.org/details/derelephantenor00berlgoog|year=1846|publisher=Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/derelephantenor00berlgoog/page/n189 168]–169}}</ref>
** Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Southern Cross]]
** Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Rose]]
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Military William Order]], ''21 June 1849''<ref name="Military William Order">{{cite web|url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/onderscheidingen/dapperheidsonderscheidingen/databank-dapperheidsonderscheidingen/1849/06/21/oscar-i|title=Militaire Willems-Orde: Wales, Oscar I.|trans-title=Military William Order: Oscar I|website=Ministerie van Defensie|language=nl|access-date=3 May 2020|date=21 June 1849|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806010441/https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/onderscheidingen/dapperheidsonderscheidingen/databank-dapperheidsonderscheidingen/1849/06/21/oscar-i|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] (military), ''20 October 1849''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=https://archives.bruxelles.be/almanach/watch/AR/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1850_R%20208/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1850_R%20208#page/17|title=Almanach Royal Officiel|year=1850|chapter=Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold|language=french|via=Archives de Bruxelles|page=35|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082339/https://archives.bruxelles.be/almanach/watch/AR/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1850_R%20208/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1850_R%20208#page/17|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hanover}}:<ref name="Hannover1858">{{cite book|author=Staat Hannover|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1858|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sgZTAAAAcAAJ|year=1858|publisher=Berenberg|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_sgZTAAAAcAAJ/page/n54 37], 66}}</ref>
** Knight of the [[Order of St. George (Hanover)|Order of St. George]], ''1849''
** Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Guelphic Order]]
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Order of St. Stephen]], ''1850''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|url-status=dead|title="A Szent István Rend tagjai"|archivedate=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Nassau}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Golden Lion of Nassau|Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau]], ''July 1858''<ref>{{cite book|title=Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau: 1859|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYIAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA7|year=1859|publisher=Schellenberg|page=7|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120185236/https://books.google.com/books?id=IYIAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

==Arms and monogram==

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| [[File:Coat of arms of Oscar, Duke of Södermanland.svg|195px]]<br>Crown Prince, Duke of [[Södermanland]] <br> (1818–1826)
| [[File:Blason du Prince Oscar 1826-1844.svg|195px]]<br>Crown Prince, Duke of [[Södermanland]] <br> (1826–1844)
| [[File:Armoiries des rois Oscar Ier et Charles XV de Suede.svg|150px]]<br>King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway
| [[File:Oskar I, monogram.svg|108px]]<br>Royal Monogram of King Oscar I <br> of Sweden
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Citations===
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Oscar I.|volume=20|page=346}}
* {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Oscar I., Joseph Francis |short=x}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Cronholm, Neander N. |title=A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924071200822|year=1902|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924071200822/page/n302 273]–288}}
*Ulvros, Eva Helen (2007)  ''Oscar I: en biografi'' (Stockholm: Historiska media)  {{ISBN|978-91-85507-10-8}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Bernadotte]]|4 July|1799|8 July|1859|name=Oscar I}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles XIV/III John]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of Swedish monarchs|King of Sweden]] and [[List of Norwegian monarchs|Norway]]|years=1844–1859}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Charles XV of Sweden|Charles XV/IV]]}}
{{S-roy|se}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles XIII/II]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duke of Södermanland]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland|Charles Oscar]]}}
{{s-reg|it}}
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Josephine of Leuchtenberg|Josephine]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Galliera]]<br /><small>''with'' [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg|Josephine]]</small>|years=1823–1837}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Raffaele de Ferrari]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{House of Bernadotte}}
{{Swedish princes}}
{{SwedishThroneHeirs}}
{{Monarchs of Norway}}
{{Monarchs of Sweden}}
{{Grand Masters of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oscar 01 Of Sweden}}
[[Category:1799 births]]
[[Category:1859 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Norwegian composers]]
[[Category:19th-century Norwegian monarchs]]
[[Category:19th-century Swedish monarchs]]
[[Category:Burials at Riddarholmen Church]]
[[Category:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Crown princes of Sweden]]
[[Category:Crown princes of Norway]]
[[Category:Dukes of Galliera]]
[[Category:Dukes of Södermanland]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:House of Bernadotte]]
[[Category:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni|Oscar I of Sweden]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Norwegian composers]]
[[Category:Norwegian male composers]]
[[Category:French emigrants to Sweden]]
[[Category:Swedish composers]]
[[Category:Swedish Freemasons]]
[[Category:Swedish male composers]]
[[Category:Swedish Lutherans]]
[[Category:Uppsala University alumni]]
[[Category:Grand masters of the Order of Charles XIII]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star]]
[[Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]