Editing Oscar-class submarine

{{Short description|Soviet nuclear cruise missile submarine class}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin|sclass=2}}
|+Oscar II class
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Томск в Вилючинске.jpg
|Ship caption=K-150 ''Tomsk'' in [[Vilyuchinsk]]
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
 | Name                     = Oscar II class
 | Builders                 = [[Sevmash]]
 | Operators                = *{{navy|Soviet Union}}
*{{navy|Russia}}
 | Class before             = *{{sclass2|Papa|submarine|4}}
*{{sclass|Charlie|submarine|4}}
 | Class after              = {{sclass2|Yasen|submarine|4}}
 | Subclasses               = 
 | Cost                     = 
 | Built range              = 1975–present
 | In service range         = 
 | In commission range      = 1980–present
 | Total ships building     = 
 | Total ships planned      = 20 (2 949, 18 949A)<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002">Podvodnye Lodki, Yu.V. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2002, {{ISBN|5-8172-0069-4}}</ref>
 | Total ships completed    = 14 (2 949, 11 949A, 1 09852)
 | Total ships cancelled    = 6 (2 incomplete, 4 never laid down)
 | Total ships active       = 6 (+2 on modernization to 949AM)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/0605/095541380/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / До 2025 года Минобороны РФ намерено модернизировать 4 атомные подлодки для ТОФ|website=Armstrade.org|access-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609062701/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/0605/095541380/detail.shtml|archive-date=2017-06-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | Total ships laid up      = 2<ref name="rusnavy.com"/>
 | Total ships lost         = 1
 | Total ships retired      = 4 
 | Total ships preserved    = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
 | Hide header              = 
 | Header caption           = 
 | Ship type                = [[Nuclear submarine|Nuclear-powered]] [[cruise missile submarine]]
 | Ship displacement        = * 12,500/14,700 tonnes surfaced
* 16,500/19,400 tonnes submerged<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002" />
 | Ship length              = {{convert|155|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002" /> maximum
 | Ship beam                = {{convert|18.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | Ship height              = 
 | Ship draught             = {{convert|9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
 | Ship decks               = 
 | Ship deck clearance      = 
 | Ship power               = 2 × pressurized water cooled reactors, [[highly enriched uranium|HEU]] ≤ 45%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf|title=Marine Nuclear Power : 1939 – 2018|author=Peter Lobner|date=July 2018|website=Lynceans.org|access-date=2021-11-25|archive-date=2022-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428074833/https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | Ship propulsion          = 2 × steam turbines delivering {{convert|73070|kW|shp|abbr=on}} to two shafts
 | Ship speed               = * {{convert|15|kn}} surfaced
* {{convert|32|kn}} submerged<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002" />
 | Ship range               = 
 | Ship endurance           = 120 days<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002" />
 | Ship test depth          = 600{{nbsp}}m
 | Ship complement          = 94/107<ref name="Podvodnye Lodki 2002" />
 | Ship sensors             = 
 | Ship EW                  = 
 | Ship armament            = * 4 × {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on}} and 2 × {{convert|650|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s in bow
* 28 × 533{{nbsp}}mm and 650{{nbsp}}mm weapons, including [[RPK-2 Vyuga]] (SS-N-15 Starfish) anti-submarine missiles with 15&nbsp;kt nuclear warheads and [[RPK-6 Vodopad/RPK-7 Veter]] (SS-N-16) anti-submarine missiles with 200&nbsp;kt nuclear warhead or Type{{nbsp}}40 anti-submarine torpedo or 32 ground mines
* 24 × [[P-700 Granit]] (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) cruise missiles with {{convert|750|kg|lb}} HE or 4 × 100{{nbsp}}Mt [[Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System|Poseidon]] nuclear-powered, nuclear-armed drones
}}
|}

The '''Oscar class''', Soviet designations '''Project 949 ''Granit''''' and '''Project 949A ''Antey''''' ([[List of NATO reporting names for submarines|NATO reporting name]]s '''Oscar I''' and '''Oscar II''' respectively), are a series of [[Nuclear submarine|nuclear-powered]] [[cruise missile submarine]]s designed in the [[Soviet Union]] for the [[Soviet Navy]]. First built in the 1970s,<!-- operating since 1980s, with six remaining operational with the [[Russian Navy]] in the 2020s. --> six remain <!-- "are currently" is questionable since some were last cited by independent sources as active in 2016 --> in service with the [[Russian Navy]]. Two other vessels were slated to be modernized since at least 2017 as Project 949AM,<!-- unclear if this is actively-funded work underway, or just an aspiration of the Russian government --> to extend their service life and increase combat capabilities but it is unclear whether work continues as of 2023.

The Project 949 submarines were the largest [[cruise missile submarine]]s in service until some {{sclass|Ohio|submarine|0}} [[ballistic missile submarine]]s were converted to carry [[cruise missile]]s in 2007. They are the fourth largest class of submarines in [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] and length. Only the Soviet {{sclass2|Typhoon|submarine|0}}, Russian {{sclass2|Borei|submarine|0}} and American ''Ohio''-class ballistic missile submarines are larger.

==History==
The first submarine of Project 949 was [[Keel laying|laid down]] in the mid-1970s and was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] in 1980. In 1982 an updated and larger version (Project 949A) replaced the earlier version. In total fourteen submarines were constructed. The Oscar class was designed to attack [[NATO]] [[carrier battle group]]s using long-range [[P-700 Granit]] (SS-N-19 "Shipwreck") [[anti-ship missile]]s and targeting data provided by the {{Ill|EORSAT|it}} satellite system (via the submarine's "Punch Bowl" antenna).<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://faculty.fordham.edu/siddiqi/writings/p14_siddiqi_jbis_rorsat_1999.pdf |title=Staring at the Sea: The Soviet RORSAT and EORSAT Programmes |last=Siddiqi |first=Asif |pages=397–416 |journal=Journal of the British Interplanetary Society |volume=52 |number=11 |date=November 1999 |bibcode=1999JBIS...52..397S |access-date=2013-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103225054/http://faculty.fordham.edu/siddiqi/writings/p14_siddiqi_jbis_rorsat_1999.pdf |archive-date=2015-01-03 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://i.imgur.com/HsZrBR7.jpg |title=data |website=i.imgur.com |format=JPG |access-date=2016-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826133447/http://i.imgur.com/HsZrBR7.jpg |archive-date=2016-08-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/oscar-submarine/|title=SSGN Oscar II Class (Project 949.A) (Kursk) – Naval Technology|work=naval-technology.com|access-date=2013-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814030754/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/oscar-submarine/|archive-date=2013-08-14|url-status=live}}</ref> In the financial problems that followed the [[fall of the Soviet Union]] the Oscar class was prioritized by the Russian Navy, and when many older submarine classes were retired the Oscar class remained active in both the [[Northern Fleet|Northern]] and [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Pacific Fleet]]s.

===Modernization===
The [[Rubin Design Bureau]] started working on Project 949A modernization in 2011, with Zvezdochka and [[Zvezda shipyard|Zvezda]] shipyards to carry out modernization of the vessels.<ref name=lenta.ru>{{cite web|url=https://lenta.ru/news/2011/12/12/antey/|title=Атомные подлодки проекта "Антей" пройдут перевооружение|website=lenta.ru|date=12 December 2011|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311145931/https://lenta.ru/news/2011/12/12/antey/|archive-date=11 March 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In September 2015, Russian Defence Minister [[Sergey Shoygu]] announced during his visit to Zvezda shipyard, that at least three Oscar-class submarines will undergo repair and modernization to extend their service life by 20 years.<ref name=janes2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/54981/russia-details-ambitious-effort-to-modernise-nuclear-powered-submarines-to-bolster-order-of-battle|title=Russia details ambitious effort to modernise nuclear-powered submarines to bolster order of battle|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202012720/https://www.janes.com/article/54981/russia-details-ambitious-effort-to-modernise-nuclear-powered-submarines-to-bolster-order-of-battle|archive-date=2 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The upgraded submarines will be known as "Project 949AM", according to the Russian officials. Modernization cost was estimated at RUB12 billion (US$182 million) per submarine.<ref name=janes2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/60518/russia-initiates-multiyear-plan-to-modernise-oscar-ii-ssgns|title=Russia initiates multiyear plan to modernise Oscar II SSGNs|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521135654/http://www.janes.com/article/60518/russia-initiates-multiyear-plan-to-modernise-oscar-ii-ssgns|archive-date=2016-05-21|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In September 2016, it was reported submarines K-132 ''Irkutsk'' and K-442 ''Chelyabinsk'' are currently being modernized to 949AM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/902925|title=Russia to upgrade only part of nuclear-powered Antey submarines|website=[[TASS]]|date=29 September 2016|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230085828/http://tass.com/defense/902925|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia [[Yury Borisov]], Russia's [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Pacific Fleet]] may get four modernized Oscar II-class submarines armed with Kalibr cruise missiles by 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/988610|title=Russia's Pacific Fleet to get four upgraded nuclear subs by 2021|website=[[TASS]]|date=6 February 2018|access-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044405/http://tass.com/defense/988610|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Versions==

===Project 949 ''Granit'' (Oscar I)===
{{Stack|[[File:Oscar I class SSGN.svg|thumb|Project 949]]}}
Two Project 949 ''Granit'' submarines were built at [[Severodvinsk]] between 1975 and 1982 and assigned to the [[Soviet Northern Fleet]]. [[Russian submarine K-525 Arkhangelsk|''K-525'']] was laid down in 1975 and [[Russian submarine K-206 Murmansk|''K-206'']] was laid down in 1979. After the construction of the first two submarines, production continued with the improved project 949A ''Antey''. Both submarines of the Project 949 were [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] in 1996<ref name="mtoday">{{cite news |url=http://www.military-today.com/navy/oscar_1_class.htm |title=Oscar 1 class |work=Military Today |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510135448/http://www.military-today.com/navy/oscar_1_class.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> and [[Ship breaking|scrapped]] in 2004.<ref name="bellona">{{cite news |url=http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/decommissioning/33199 |title=Zvezdochka dismantling two nuclear subs |publisher=[[Bellona Foundation]] |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322135113/http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/navy/northern_fleet/decommissioning/33199 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Project 949A ''Antei'' (Oscar II)===
{{Stack|[[File:Oscar II class SSGN.svg|thumb|Project 949A]]}}
Eleven Project 949A ''Antey'' submarines were completed at [[Severodvinsk]], of which five were assigned to the Soviet Northern Fleet. At one stage it had been planned to develop a new fourth-generation follow-on to the Project 949A, but this plan was later dropped. The external differences between the two classes were that the 949A class is about {{convert|10|m}} longer than its predecessor (approximately {{convert|154|m|disp=comma}} rather than {{convert|143|m|disp=comma|abbr=on}}), providing space and buoyancy for improved electronics and quieter propulsion.

Some sources speculate that the acoustic performance of the Oscar II class is superior to early {{sclass|Akula|submarine|4}} but inferior to the ''Akula II'' class as well as subsequent (4th generation) designs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2009/11/subnoise/ |title=China's Noisy Nuclear Submarines » FAS Strategic Security Blog |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=2013-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715065441/http://fas.org/blogs/security/2009/11/subnoise/ |archive-date=2014-07-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also has a larger fin, and its [[propeller]]s have seven blades instead of four.<ref name="fas" >{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/949.htm |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |title=Project 949 Granit / Oscar I; Project 949A Antey / Oscar II |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227151256/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/949.htm |archive-date=2011-12-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Like all post-World War II Soviet designs, they are of [[Submarine hull|double hull]] construction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://warfare.be/?lang=&linkid=1763&catid=305 |title=949 /A Oscar I/II class |publisher=warfare.be |access-date=1 January 2012 |archive-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225165210/http://warfare.be/?lang=&linkid=1763&catid=305 |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, like other Soviet submarine designs, Project 949 not only has a [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] open to the elements on top of the [[sail (submarine)|sail]] but, for use in inclement weather, there is an enclosed bridge forward and slightly below this station. A distinguishing mark is a slight bulge at the top of the fin. A large door on either side of the fin reaches this bulge. These are wider at the top than on the bottom, and are hinged on the bottom. The [[Federation of American Scientists]]<ref name="fas" /> reports that this submarine carries an emergency crew escape capsule; it is possible that these doors cover it. The VSK escape capsule can accommodate 110 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2000/08/27/a-mystery-in-the-deep.html |title=A Mystery In The Deep |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116094829/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2000/08/27/a-mystery-in-the-deep.html |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref>

===Project 949AM===
Modernization of Project 949A submarines, first announced by the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence Ministry]] in 2011.<ref name=lenta.ru/> As part of the modernization, submarines will have their 24 P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles replaced with up to 72 newer [[3M-54 Kalibr]] or [[P-800 Oniks]] anti-ship cruise missiles. The upgrade requires no design changes to the hull as the new missiles will fit into the existing launchers outside the pressure hull. The modernized boats will also get upgraded Omnibus-M combat information and Simfoniya-3.2 navigation systems, as well as new fire-control system, communications, sonar, radar, and electronic intercept equipment.<ref name=janes2016/> The modernization aims to bring the submarines up to the same technological level as Russia's next-generation [[Yasen-class submarine|Yasen-class]] nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines.<ref name=janes2015/>

=== Belgorod, Project 09852 ===
 {{Main|Russian submarine Belgorod}}
In December 2012, construction began on a special purpose research and rescue submarine, designated Project 09852, and based on the incomplete Project 949A (Oscar II class) submarine [[Russian submarine Belgorod (K-329)|''Belgorod'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Nuclear-Attack-Submarines/Project-09852_a000343002.aspx|title=Project 09852|website=Deagel.com|access-date=2016-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228135041/http://www.deagel.com/Nuclear-Attack-Submarines/Project-09852_a000343002.aspx|archive-date=2016-12-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="world-nuclear-news1">{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Russia_builds_deep_sea_research_submarine-2112126.html |title=Russia builds deep-sea research submarine |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |date=2012-12-21 |access-date=2013-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062020/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Russia_builds_deep_sea_research_submarine-2112126.html |archive-date=2013-02-13 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2012/12/russia-builds-nuclear-submarine-deep-water-research-21-12 |title=Russia builds nuclear submarine for deep-water research |work=Barents Observer |access-date=29 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403234034/http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2012/12/russia-builds-nuclear-submarine-deep-water-research-21-12 |archive-date=3 April 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The submarine is reportedly designed to carry both manned (e.g. Project 18511 midget submarine) as well as unmanned (e.g. Klavesin-1R) underwater vessels.<ref name="world-nuclear-news1"/><ref name="hisutton.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hisutton.com/Spy%20Subs%20-Project%2009852%20Belgorod.html|title=Spy Subs -Project 09852 Belgorod|website=Hisutton.com|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423195513/http://www.hisutton.com/Spy%2520Subs%2520-Project%252009852%2520Belgorod.html|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, while carrying smaller unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) would be possible as-is on an Oscar-class hull, the accommodation of a midget submarine such as Project 18511 ''Paltus'' or the even larger [[Russian submarine Losharik|Project 10831 ''Losharik'']],<ref>{{cite web |author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/210.htm |title=Project 210 Losharik |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |access-date=2013-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226065523/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/210.htm |archive-date=2012-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> would probably require a major hull extension in order to accommodate a docking compartment. For example, the length of the submarine BS-64 ''Podmoskovye'' was increased by {{convert|9|m}} even though the SLBM missile compartment was completely removed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/64929/russia-s-new-submarine-mothership-sets-sail |title=Russia's new submarine mothership sets sail &#124; IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=2016-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212161303/http://www.janes.com/article/64929/russia-s-new-submarine-mothership-sets-sail |archive-date=2017-02-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2015/08/russian-nuclear-submarine-launched-after-modernization-13-08|title=Barentsobserver|website=Barentsobserver|access-date=2016-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822150825/http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2015/08/russian-nuclear-submarine-launched-after-modernization-13-08|archive-date=2015-08-22|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Belgorod'' will be reportedly used as a carrier of the rumored [[Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System|Poseidon]] ([[NATO reporting name]] '''Kanyon''') nuclear-powered, thermonuclear armed [[Autonomous underwater vehicle|unmanned underwater device]] capable to carry a 100 Mt [[thermonuclear warhead]], with at least four such devices being carried horizontally in place of the 24 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 ''Shipwreck'') launchers for a total yield of 600 [[TNT equivalent|megatonnes of TNT]].<ref name="hisutton.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hisutton.com/Analysis%20-%20Russian%20Status-6%20aka%20KANYON%20nuclear%20deterrence%20and%20Pr%2009851%20submarine.html|title=Analysis - Russian Status-6 aka KANYON nuclear deterrence and Pr 09851 submarine|website=hisutton.com|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217102317/http://www.hisutton.com/Analysis%20-%20Russian%20Status-6%20aka%20KANYON%20nuclear%20deterrence%20and%20Pr%2009851%20submarine.html|archive-date=17 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/space/2018/01/12/russias-nuclear-underwater-drone-is-real-and-in-the-nuclear-posture-review/|title=Russia's nuclear underwater drone is real and in the Nuclear Posture Review|website=defensenews.com|date=12 January 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-date=25 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225165233/https://www.defensenews.com/space/2018/01/12/russias-nuclear-underwater-drone-is-real-and-in-the-nuclear-posture-review/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a25953089/russia-apocalypse-torpedo-poseidon/|title=The Truth Behind Russia's 'Apocalypse Torpedo'|website=popularmechanics.com|date=18 January 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330225429/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a25953089/russia-apocalypse-torpedo-poseidon/|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

It is estimated that ''Belgorod'' will be {{convert|184|m}} long which would make it the longest submarine in the world.<ref name="hisutton.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2017/05/russias-new-military-research-submarine-arctic-waters-will-be-worlds-largest|title=Now, Russia builds a submarine even bigger than the Typhoon|website=thebarentsobserver.com|date=3 May 2017|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929024151/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2017/05/russias-new-military-research-submarine-arctic-waters-will-be-worlds-largest|archive-date=29 September 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On 23 April 2019, ''Belgorod'' was floated out of a slipway during a ceremony at the Sevmash shipyard, watched by the President of Russia [[Vladimir Putin]] via a TV-link. Further work was to be completed afloat and the submarine was scheduled to start its factory and state trials in 2020 after which it was to be delivered to the Russian Navy.<ref name="Belgorod floated out">{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/defense/1055188|title=Russia floats out first nuclear sub that will carry Poseidon strategic underwater drones|website=[[TASS]]|date=23 April 2019|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423160916/http://tass.com/defense/1055188|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/russia-launches-doomsday-supersub|title=Russia launches huge 'doomsday' supersub|last=Rogers|first=James|date=2019-04-24|website=Fox News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424211709/https://www.foxnews.com/tech/russia-launches-doomsday-supersub|archive-date=2019-04-24|url-status=live}}</ref> However, this schedule was delayed with sea trials then projected to begin in May 2021.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1274461|title=Belgorod nuclear submarine carrier with Poseidon nuke drones to serve in Pacific|website=Tass.com|access-date=2021-04-06|archive-date=2021-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406130735/https://tass.com/defense/1274461|url-status=live}}</ref> After some delays, sea trials were reported to have started on June 25, 2021.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1307509|title=Belgorod nuclear sub begins its first sea trials|website=Tass.com|access-date=2021-06-26|archive-date=2021-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626114132/https://tass.com/defense/1307509|url-status=live}}</ref> The submarine was delivered to the Russian Navy on 8 July 2022.<ref name="TASS Belgorod">{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1477527|title=Shipbuilders deliver special-purpose sub with nuclear-powered drones to Russian Navy|website=tass.com|date=8 July 2022|access-date=8 July 2022|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713202704/https://tass.com/defense/1477527|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Units==
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! No
! Name
! Project
! Laid down
! Launched
! Commissioned
! Fleet
! Status
|-
| K-525
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Arkhangelsk|K-525|2}}
| 949
| 25 July 1975
| 3 May 1980
| 30 December 1980
| [[Northern Fleet|Northern]]
| Scrapped in 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949/K-525/K-525.htm|title=К-525, "Архангельск" проект 949|language=RU|website=Deepstorm.ru|access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref>
|- 
| K-206
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Murmansk|K-206|2}}<br />(ex-''Minskiy Komsomolets'') 
| 949
| 22 April 1979
| 10 December 1982
| 30 November 1983
| Northern
| Scrapped by 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949/K-206/K-206.htm|title=К-206, "Минский комсомолец", "Мурманск" проект 949|language=RU|website=Deepstorm.ru|access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| K-148
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Krasnodar|K-148|2}}
| 949A
| 22 July 1982
| 3 March 1985
| 30 September 1986
| Northern
| Scrapped in 2014<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-148/K-148.htm|title=Подводный крейсер К-148, "Краснодар". Проект 949А|website=www.deepstorm.ru|accessdate=May 9, 2022|archive-date=December 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218233959/http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-148/K-148.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-173
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Krasnoyarsk|K-173|2}}
| 949A
| 4 August 1983
| 27 March 1986
| 31 December 1986
| [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Pacific]]
| Scrapped in 2016/17<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-173/K-173.htm|title=Атомный подводный крейсер К-173 "Красноярск". Проект 949А|website=www.deepstorm.ru|accessdate=May 9, 2022|archive-date=July 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703021947/http://deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-173/K-173.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-132
| ''[[Russian submarine Irkutsk (K-132)|Irkutsk]]''
| 949A
| 8 May 1985
| 27 December 1987
| 30 December 1988
| Pacific
| Launched http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-132/K-132.htm
|-
| K-119
| ''[[Russian submarine Voronezh (K-119)|Voronezh]]''
| 949A
| 25 February 1986
| 16 December 1988
| 29 December 1989
| Northern
| Inactive, in reserve from 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-119/K-119.htm|title=Подводный крейсер К-119, "Воронеж". Проект 949А|website=www.deepstorm.ru|accessdate=May 9, 2022|archive-date=July 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713151348/http://deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/949A/K-119/K-119.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-410
|  ''[[Russian submarine Smolensk (K-410)|Smolensk]]''
| 949A
| 9 December 1986
| 20 January 1990
| 22 December 1990
| Northern
| Active, after overhaul completed in December 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=13956|title=Repair Works Started on SSN Smolensk|website=rusnavy.com|access-date=2012-01-05|archive-date=2019-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824092028/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php%3FELEMENT_ID%3D13956|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.kp.ru/online/news/1624404/|title= Атомоход "Смоленск" в 2014 году посетит Северный полюс|author= Ольга ЕФРЕМОВА - Сайт «Комсомольской правды»|date= 31 December 2013|access-date= 12 July 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729051804/https://www.kp.ru/online/news/1624404/|archive-date= 29 July 2017|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| K-442
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Chelyabinsk|K-442|2}}
| 949A
| 21 May 1987
| 18 June 1990
| 28 December 1990
| Pacific
| In modernization to 949AM at [[Zvezda shipyard]] since 2016.<ref name="navaltoday.com">{{cite web |date=9 March 2017 |title=Russia to equip nuclear-powered Oscar-class submarines with Kalibr cruise missiles |url=http://navaltoday.com/2017/03/09/russia-to-equip-nuclear-powered-oscar-class-submarines-with-kalibr-cruise-missiles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702222819/http://navaltoday.com/2017/03/09/russia-to-equip-nuclear-powered-oscar-class-submarines-with-kalibr-cruise-missiles/ |archive-date=2017-07-02 |access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref><ref name="tass.com">{{cite web |title=Russia to upgrade only part of nuclear-powered Antey submarines |url=http://tass.com/defense/902925 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702010320/http://tass.com/defense/902925 |archive-date=2017-07-02 |access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref>
|-
| K-456
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Tver|K-456|2}}<br />(ex-''Kasatka'', ''Vilyuchinsk'')
| 949A
| 9 February 1988
| 28 June 1991
| 18 August 1992
| Pacific
| Active {{as of|2016|lc=y}}.<!-- As of 2022, it's unclear if the submarine was at sea after its last exit in 2016. --><ref name=korabel20221028>{{Cite web |url=https://navy-korabel.livejournal.com/278140.html |title=Warships of the main classes of the Russian Navy as of 01.10.2022 |access-date=2022-10-28 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028081049/https://navy-korabel.livejournal.com/278140.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| K-266
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Orel|K-266|2}}<br />(ex-''Severodvinsk'')
| 949A
| 19 January 1989
| 22 May 1992
| 30 December 1992
| Northern
| Active, after overhaul completed in April 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2017/04/06/podvodnyj-krejser-orel-otpravilsia-k-mestu-bazirovaniia.html|title=Подводный крейсер "Орел" отправился к месту базирования|date=6 April 2017|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406233002/https://rg.ru/2017/04/06/podvodnyj-krejser-orel-otpravilsia-k-mestu-bazirovaniia.html|archive-date=6 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://navaltoday.com/2017/04/11/nuclear-powered-oscar-class-submarine-returns-to-russian-fleet/|title=Nuclear-powered Oscar-class submarine returns to Russian fleet|date=11 April 2017|access-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702230620/http://navaltoday.com/2017/04/11/nuclear-powered-oscar-class-submarine-returns-to-russian-fleet/|archive-date=2017-07-02|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-186
|  ''[[Russian submarine Omsk (K-186)|Omsk]]''
| 949A
| 13 July 1989
| 10 May 1993
| 15 December 1993
| Pacific
| Active, after overhaul completed in 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10212 |title=Defense shipyard Zvezda claims RUR 65 mln for repairs of SSGN Omsk |publisher=rusnavy.com |date=7 September 2010 |access-date=2012-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205173522/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=10212 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11984 |title=Court obliged Pacific Fleet to pay for repair of SSN Omsk |publisher=rusnavy.com |date=8 April 2011 |access-date=2012-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205045604/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=11984 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/on_1992/949a/K-186/K-186.htm|title=Подводный крейсер К-186, "Омск". Проект 949А|website=Deepstorm.ru|access-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713162416/http://deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/on_1992/949a/K-186/K-186.htm|archive-date=2017-07-13|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-150
| ''[[Russian submarine Tomsk (K-150)|Tomsk]]''
| 949A
| 27 August 1991
| 20 July 1996
| 30 December 1996
| Pacific
| Active, after overhaul completed in 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dcss.ru/news/2015-god/nakanune-dnya-pobedy-na-zavode-zvezda-otkryta-memorialnaya-doska-posvyaschennaya-atomnomu-podvodnomu-kreyseru-tomsk.html|title=PRESS-CENTER|website=dcss.ru|access-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726212142/http://dcss.ru/news/2015-god/nakanune-dnya-pobedy-na-zavode-zvezda-otkryta-memorialnaya-doska-posvyaschennaya-atomnomu-podvodnomu-kreyseru-tomsk.html|archive-date=2017-07-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/mcis/news/more.htm?id=12071816@egNews|title=Nuclear submarine Tomsk returns to Kamchatka naval base having completed naval combat training tasks : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation|website=eng.mil.ru|access-date=2016-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131212814/http://eng.mil.ru/en/mcis/news/more.htm?id=12071816@egNews|archive-date=2016-01-31|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0809/100553803/detail.shtml|title=Nuclear submarine "Omsk" returned to Kamchatka after modernization|website=Armstrade.org|access-date=2021-11-25|archive-date=2020-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208194628/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0809/100553803/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-141
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Kursk|K-141|2}}
| 949A
| 22 March 1992
| 16 May 1994
| 30 December 1994
| Northern
| [[Kursk submarine disaster|Lost on 12 August 2000]]
|-
| K-329
| {{ship|Russian submarine|Belgorod|K-329|2}}
| 09852
| 20 December 2012
| 23 April 2019<ref name="Belgorod floated out"/>
| 8 July 2022<ref name="TASS Belgorod"/>
| Northern
| Active, originally laid down in July 1992; reconfigured as special operations vessel and relaid in December 2012.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2022/january/11323-russian-navy-to-receive-project-09852-submarine-belgorod-in-summer.html|title=Russian Navy to receive Project 09852 submarine Belgorod in summer|website=Navy Recognition|date=27 January 2022 |accessdate=May 9, 2022|archive-date=April 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418082317/https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2022/january/11323-russian-navy-to-receive-project-09852-submarine-belgorod-in-summer.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Underwent sea trials in 2021.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gigantic special mission submarine starts sea trials in White Sea|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2021/06/gigantic-special-mission-submarine-starts-sea-trials-white-sea|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Independent Barents Observer|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629011406/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2021/06/gigantic-special-mission-submarine-starts-sea-trials-white-sea|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/07/06/russian-navys-spy-submarine-losharik-1-year-after-fatal-accident/|title=Losharik Spy Submarine Accident Is Still A Problem For Russian Navy|first=H. I.|last=Sutton|website=Forbes.com|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125172601/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/07/06/russian-navys-spy-submarine-losharik-1-year-after-fatal-accident/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2021/02/25/new-details-of-russian-belgorod-doomsday-submarine-revealed|title=New Details of Russian Belgorod 'Doomsday' Submarine Revealed|date=25 February 2021|website=News.usni.org|access-date=25 November 2021|archive-date=22 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122103747/https://news.usni.org/2021/02/25/new-details-of-russian-belgorod-doomsday-submarine-revealed|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-135
| ''Volgograd''
| 949A
| 2 September 1993
|
|
| 
| Unfinished, parts used in the construction of newer submarines<ref name="defendingrussia.ru">[https://defendingrussia.ru/enc/apl_kr/podvodnyje_lodki_projekta_949a_antej-1949/ Лодки с крылатыми ракетами] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813085420/https://defendingrussia.ru/enc/apl_kr/podvodnyje_lodki_projekta_949a_antej-1949/ |date=2016-08-13 }} defendingrussia.ru</ref> <br />Construction may be restarted<ref name="rusnavy.com">{{cite web|url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14659|title=Russia to Complete and Modernize Antei-class Subs|website=rusnavy.com|access-date=2012-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514142928/http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14659|archive-date=2012-05-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| K-160
| ''Barnaul''
| 949A
| April 1994
|
|
|
| Unfinished, parts used in the construction of newer submarines<ref name="defendingrussia.ru"/> <br />Construction may be restarted<ref name="rusnavy.com"/>
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="250" heights="200">
File:Submarine Oscar class.jpg|This picture clearly displays the arrangement of the hatches in the hull above the missile tubes, on either side of the dorsal fin. Also shown is the opening for the forward hydroplane (currently folded in), as well as the bulge on the top of the fin under which the rescue capsule is located. Although partially obscured by shadow, the seam between the capsule and the fin is faintly visible.
File:АПЛ Омск. Парад ВМФ Владивосток 2008.07.25.jpg|K-186 Omsk during 2008 [[Navy Day (Russia)|Naval Parade]] in Vladivostok
File:Прибытие атомного подводного ракетного крейсера Северного флота «Орёл» в пункт постоянного базирования 07.jpg|K-266 Orel after completion of its overhaul
File:Disassembling of a Soviet submarine.jpg|Disassembling of an Oscar-class submarine at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk, Russia
File:Ballistic submarine base-DIA.jpg|Artist impression of a Soviet ballistic missile submarine base during the 1980s
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of submarine classes in service]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*''The Encyclopedia Of Warships, From World War Two To The Present Day'', General Editor Robert Jackson.

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Hampshire |first1=Edward |title=Soviet Cruise Missile Submarines of the Cold War |date=2018 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-1-47282-499-8}}
*{{cite book |last1=Pavlov |first1=A. S. |title=Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945–1995 |date=1997 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-55750-671-X}}
*{{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|authorlink1=Norman Polmar|last2=Moore|first2=Kenneth J. |title=Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines |year=2004 |publisher=Potomac Books |location=Washington, D. C.|isbn=978-1-57488-594-1 |name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|last2=Noot|first2=Jurrien|title=Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990|year=1991 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=0-87021-570-1|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book |last1=Vilches Alarcón |first1=Alejandro A. |title=From Juliettes to Yasens: Development and Operational History of Soviet Cruise-Missile Submarines |date=2022 |publisher=Helion & Co. |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-915070-68-5|series=Europe @ War (22)}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.deepspace4.com/pages/military/kursk/kursk.htm |title=The Kursk Crisis |publisher=deepspace4.com |date=23 August 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718134237/http://www.deepspace4.com/pages/military/kursk/kursk.htm |archive-date=18 July 2011 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.friends-partners.org/pipermail/fpspace/2000-September/000237.html |title=Oscar-class subs and Soviet RORSATs |publisher=Friends and Partners |date=1 September 2000 |access-date=7 September 2007 |archive-date=25 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925003425/http://www.friends-partners.org/pipermail/fpspace/2000-September/000237.html |url-status=dead }}
* [http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/oscar/images/oscar2.gif Line drawing of Oscar-class submarine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215628/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/oscar/images/oscar2.gif |date=2016-03-03 }}

{{Oscar-class submarine}}
{{Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oscar Class Submarine}}
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Oscar-class submarines| ]]
[[Category:Submarine classes of the Russian and Soviet Navy]]
[[Category:Nuclear submarines of the Soviet Navy]]