Editing Orsini family

{{Short description|Italian noble family}}
{{for|other persons named Orsini|Orsini (surname)}}
{{distinguish|Corsini family}}
{{Infobox noble house
| surname = Orsini
| parent_family = Bobone/Orsini
| coat of arms = Blason fam it Orsini.svg
| image_size = 160px
| caption = Original arms of the family
| motto = {{Langnf|it|Senza rimproveri|Without reproach|break=yes}}
| motto_trans = 
| type = [[Black nobility|Black noble family]]
| country = {{Flag|Papal States|old}}<br>{{Flag|Kingdom of Naples}}<br />[[County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos]]<br />[[Despotate of Epirus]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg|24px|border]] [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]<br />
{{Flag|Two Sicilies}}<br />{{Flag|Kingdom of Italy}}
| region = {{flag|Italy}}
| titles = * [[Pope]] (non-hereditary)
* [[Despotate of Epirus|Despot of Epirus]]
* [[Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos]]
* [[Prince Assistant to the Papal Throne]]
* [[Duchy of Bari|Duke of Bari]]
* [[Counts and dukes of Gravina|Duke of Gravina]]
* [[Duke of Amalfi]]
* [[Duke of Bracciano]]
* [[Count]] of [[Pitigliano]]
| founded = c. 600 A.D.
| founder = Cajo Orso Orsini
| current head = Domenico Napoleone Orsini, [[Counts and dukes of Gravina|Duke of Gravina]]
}}
[[File:ItalyFaraSabinaPalazzoOrsini.jpg|thumb|Palazzo Orsini in [[Fara Sabina]], northern [[Lazio]], central Italy. The Orsini were amongst the main [[feudatory|feudatories]] in Italy from the Middle Ages onwards, holding a great numbers of fiefs and lordships in Lazio and in the Kingdom of Naples.]]
The '''House of Orsini''' is an [[Nobility of Italy|Italian noble family]] that was one of the most influential princely families in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Italy and [[Renaissance]] [[Rome]]. Members of the Orsini family include five popes:<ref>George L. Williams, ''Papal Genealogy'' (London 2004).</ref> [[Pope Stephen II|Stephen II]] (752–757), [[Pope Paul I|Paul I]] (757–767), [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]] (1191–1198), [[Pope Nicholas III|Nicholas III]] (1277–1280),<ref> Richard Sternfeld, ''Der Kardinal Johann Gaëtan Orsini (Papst Nikolaus III.)'' (Berlin 1905).</ref> and [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] (1724–1730). The family also included 34 [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinals]], numerous ''[[condottieri]]'', and other significant political and religious figures.<ref name="treccani enciclopedia">{{cite web|title=ORSINI|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/orsini_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/#:~:text=%2D%20Famiglia%20tra%20le%20maggiori%20di,uomini%20di%20stato%20alla%20citt%C3%A0|publisher=[[Enciclopedia Italiana]]|access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref> The Orsini are part of the [[Black nobility]] who were Roman aristocratic families who supported the Popes in the governance of the [[Papal States]].

==Origins==
According to their own family legend, the Orsini are descended from the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] of [[ancient Rome]]. The Orsini carried on a political feud with the [[Colonna family]] for centuries in Rome,{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2004|page=802}} until it was stopped by [[Papal Bull]] in 1511. In 1571, the heads of both families married nieces of [[Pope Sixtus V]] as an act of reconciliation. Not really coincidentally, the Colonna family also claims descent from the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] of [[ancient Rome]].

The Orsini descend from Cajo Orso Orsini who lived c. 600 AD. Five popes are descended from him: [[Pope Stephen II|Stephen II]], [[Pope Paul I|Paul I]], [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]], [[Pope Nicholas III|Nicholas III]] and [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]].<ref>George L. Williams, ''Papal Genealogy'' (London 2004).</ref> Some members used the surname of Bobone-Orsini. One member by the name Bobone, lived during the early 11th century, father of Pietro, who was in turn father of [[Pope Celestine III|Giacinto Bobone]] (1110–1198), who in 1191 became pope as Celestine III. One of the first great [[nepotism|nepotist]] popes, he made two of his nephews cardinals and allowed his cousin Giovanni Gaetano (Giangaetano, died 1232) to buy the fiefs of [[Vicovaro]], [[Licenza]], [[Roccagiovine]] and [[Nettuno]], which formed the nucleus of the future territorial power of the family.

The Bobone surname was lost with his children, who were called ''de domo filiorum Ursi''. Two of them, Napoleone and [[Matteo Rosso the Great]] (1178–1246), considerably increased the prestige of the family. The former was the founder of the first southern line, which died out with Camillo Pardo in 1553. He obtained the city of [[Manoppello]], later a countship, and was ''[[gonfaloniere]]'' of the [[Papal States]]. Matteo Rosso, called the Great, was the effective lord of [[Rome]] from 1241, when he defeated the [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] troops, until 1243, holding the title of [[Senator of Rome|Senator]]. Two of his sons, and Napoleone, were also Senators. Matteo ousted the family's traditional rivals, the [[Colonna family]], from Rome and extended the Orsini territories southwards down to [[Avellino]] and northwards to [[Pitigliano]]. During his life, the family was firmly in the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]] faction. He had some ten sons, who divided the fiefs after his deaths: Gentile (died 1246) originated the Pitigliano line and the second southern line, Rinaldo that of [[Monterotondo]], Napoleone (died 1267) that of [[Bracciano]], and another Matteo Rosso that of Montegiordano, from the name of the district in Rome housing the family's fortress. The most distinguished of his sons was [[Pope Nicholas III|Giovanni Gaetano]] (died 1280): elected pope as [[Pope Nicholas III|Nicholas III]], he named his nephew Bertoldo (d. 1289) as count of [[Romagna]], and had two nephews and [[Giordano Orsini (died 1287)|a brother]] created cardinals.

==The second southern line==
The rise of the Orsini did not stop after Nicholas' death. Bertoldo's son, Gentile II (1250–1318), was two times Senator of Rome, [[podestà]] of [[Viterbo]] and, from 1314, ''Gran Giustiziere'' ("Great Justicer") of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. He married Clarice Ruffo, daughter of the counts of [[Catanzaro]], forming an alliance of the most powerful Calabrian dynasty. His son Romano (1268–1327), called Romanello, was Royal Vicar of Rome in 1326, and inherited the countship of [[Sovana|Soana]] through his marriage with [[Anastasia de Montfort, Countess of Nola]]. Romano's stance was markedly Guelph. After his death, his two sons divided his fiefs, forming the Pitigliano and the second southern line.
[[File:Tower of Raimondello Orsini.jpg|thumb|left|The Tower of Raimondello Orsini in Taranto, c. 1880.]]
Roberto (1295–1345), Gentile II's grandson, married Sibilla del Balzo, daughter of the Great Senechal of the Kingdom of Naples. Among his sons, Giacomo (died 13 August 1379; [[Dean of Salisbury]], [[Archdeacon of Leicester]] and [[Archdeacon of Durham]]) was created cardinal by [[Gregory XI]] in 1371, while Nicola (August 27, 1331&nbsp;– February 14, 1399) obtained the counties of [[Ariano Irpino|Ariano]] and [[Celano]]. The latter was also Senator of Rome and enlarged the family territories in [[Lazio]] and [[Tuscany]].

His second son, [[Raimondello Orsini del Balzo]], supported [[Charles III of Naples|Charles III]]' ''coup d'état'' in Naples against Queen [[Joan I of Naples|Joan I]]. Under king [[Ladislaus of Naples|Ladislaus]] he was among the few Neapolitan feudataries who were able to maintain their territorial power after the royal war against them. However, at his death in 1406 the southern Orsini fiefs were confiscated. Relationships with the royal family remained cold under [[Joan II of Naples|Joan II]]; However, when Raimondello's son [[Giannantonio Orsini|Giannantonio]] (1386–1453) sent his troops to help her against the usurpation attempt of James of Bourbon, he received in exchange the [[Principality of Taranto]].

The links with the court increased further under [[Sergianni Caracciolo]], Joan's lover and Great Senechal. A younger brother of Giannantonio married one of Sergianni's daughters. However, the Orsini changed side when [[Alfonso V of Aragon]] started his conquest of the Kingdom of Naples. Giannantonio was awarded with the [[duchy of Bari]], the position of Great Connestable and an [[appanage]] of 100,000 ''[[ducato (coin)|ducati]]''. Giannantonio remained faithful to Alfonso's heir, [[Ferdinand I of Naples|Ferdinand I]], but was killed during a revolt of nobles. Having died without legitimate sons, much of his possessions were absorbed into the Royal Chamber.

==Pitigliano line==
This line was initiated by Guido Orsini, second son of Romano, who inherited the county of [[Soana (town)|Soana]], on the western side of Lake Bolsena in southern Tuscany.<ref>Giuseppe Bruscalupi, ''Monografia storica della Contea di Pitigliano'' (Firenze 1906).</ref> He and his descendants ruled over the fiefs of Soana, Pitigliano and [[Nola]], but in the early 15th century wars against the [[Republic of Siena]] and the Colonnas caused the loss of several territories. Bertoldo (died 1417) managed to keep only Pitigliano, while his grandson Orso (died July 5, 1479) was count of Nola and fought as [[condottiere]] under the [[Duke of Milan]] and the [[Republic of Venice]]. Later he entered the service of Ferdinand I of Naples, but, not having taken part in the Barons' conspiracy, he was rewarded with the fiefs of [[Ascoli Satriano|Ascoli]] and [[Atripalda]]. He took part in the Aragonese campaign in Tuscany and was killed at the siege of Viterbo.
[[File:Ritratto di principessa Farnese - Galleria nazionale di Parma.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gerolama Orsini]], Pier Luigi's wife.]]
The most outstanding member of the Pitigliano line was [[Niccolò di Pitigliano|Niccolò]], one of the major condottiere of the time. His son Ludovico (died January 27, 1534) and his nephew Enrico (died 1528) participated in the [[Italian Wars]] at the service of both [[France]] and [[Spain]], often changing side with the typical ease of the Italian military leaders of the time. Two of Ludovico's daughters married relevant figures: Geronima to [[Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma|Pier Luigi Farnese]], illegitimate son of [[Pope Paul III]] and Marzia to [[Gian Giacomo Medici]] of [[Marignano]], an important general of the Spanish army.

The line started to decay after the loss of Nola by Ludovico, who was also forced to accept the Sienese suzerainty over Pitigliano. Under his son Giovan Francesco (died May 8, 1567) the county entered the orbit of the [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]]. Later, the attempt of Alessandro (died February 9, 1604) to obtain the title of Monterotondo was thwarted by [[Pope Gregory XIII]]. His son Giannantonio (March 25, 1569&nbsp;– 1613) sold Pitigliano to Tuscany, in exchange for the marquisate of [[Monte San Savino]].

The line became extinct in 1640 with the death of Alessandro.

==Monterotondo line==
This line was founded by Rinaldo, third son of Matteo Rosso the Great. His son, Napoleone, became a cardinal in 1288 and remained a prominent member of the Curia until his death at Avignon in 1342.

This branch of the family was often involved in the baronial struggles of the Late Middle Ages Rome, at least three members of the family being elected as Senators, while others fought as condottieri. Francesco in 1370 took part to the war of Florence against the [[Visconti of Milan]]. Orso (died July 24, 1424) died fighting for the king of Naples in the [[Battle of Zagonara]] against the Milanese. His sons Giacomo (died 1482) and Lorenzo (1452) battled for the Papal States, Naples and Florence. One of Giacomo's daughters, [[Clarice Orsini|Clarice]] (1453–July 30, 1488) became [[Lorenzo de' Medici]]'s wife. [[Franciotto Orsini]] was created cardinal by [[Leo X]] in 1517.

The most important member of the Monterotondo Orsinis was [[Giambattista Orsini|Giovani Battista Orsini]], who became cardinal under [[Sixtus IV]] (1483). He was probably among the promoters of the failed plot against [[Cesare Borgia]] in 1502, being assassinated on February 22 of 1503 as retaliation, together with other members of the family: [[Giulio Orsini|Giulio]] survived captivity under Cesare, and [[Paolo Orsini (1450-1503)|Paolo]] and Francesco 4th [[Duke of Gravina]] were strangled to death on 18 January 1503.

The line decayed from the late 16th century, when several members were assassinated or lost their lands for various reasons. Its last representatives Enrico (died September 12, 1643) and Francesco (1592 - September 21, 1650) sold [[Monterotondo]] to the [[Barberini]] in 1641.

==Bracciano line==
Napoleone, another son of Matteo Rosso the Great, received Bracciano, [[Nerola]] and other lands in what is now northern [[Lazio]]. In 1259 he was [[Summus Senator|Senator of Rome]]. Thanks to the strategic positions of their fiefs, and to their famous [[Castello Orsini-Odescalchi|castle]] built in Bracciano in 1426, they were the most powerful Orsini line in the Lazio. Count Carlo (died after 1485), son of another [[Napoleone Orsini (condottiero)|Napoleone]] (died October 3, 1480), was Papal Gonfaloniere. By his marriage with a Francesca Orsini of Monterotondo was born Gentile Virginio Orsini, one of the most prominent figures of Italian politics in the late 15th century. After Carlo's death, he enlarged the family's tenure with lands inherited by his wife, another Orsini from Salerno, and most of all he was amongst the favourites of Ferdinand I of Naples, who appointed him as Great Constable of Naples. Together with his cousin, the Cardinal Giovanni Battista, he was among the fiercest opponents of popes [[Innocent VIII]] and [[Alexander VI]]. In 1492 Gentile Virginio bought the county of [[Anguillara Sabazia|Anguillara]] from [[Franceschetto Cybo]].

During [[Charles VIII of France]]'s descent into Italy, he managed to keep Bracciano. [[Ferdinand II of Naples|Ferdinand II]] had his fiefs confiscated and imprisoned him in [[Castel dell'Ovo]], where he was poisoned in 1497. The family recovered this setback under the more friendly Medici popes of the early 16th century. His son [[Gian Giordano Orsini|Gian Giordano]] was [[Prince Assistant to the Papal Throne]]. His nephew Virginio was a famous admiral for the Papal States and France, but in 1539 he had his fiefs confiscated under the charge of treason.

[[Paolo Giordano I Orsini|Paolo Giordano]] was created first Duke of Bracciano in 1560. The son of Girolamo Orsini and Francesca Sforza, he was grandson, on his father's side, of [[Felice della Rovere]]<ref>Caroline P. Murphy, ''The Pope's Daughter: The Extraordinary Life of Felice della Rovere'' (New York: Oxford University Press 2006).</ref> (illegitimate daughter of [[Pope Julius II]]) and [[Gian Giordano Orsini]] and, on his mother's side, of Count Bosio [[Sforza]] and [[Costanza Farnese]], an illegitimate daughter of [[Pope Paul III]]. An accomplished condottiero, he was however also a ruthless figure who had his wife [[Isabella de' Medici]] murdered. For this and other homicides he had to flee to northern Italy. He was succeeded by [[Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano|Virginio]], whose heir [[Paolo Giordano II Orsini|Paolo Giordano II]] married the princess of [[Piombino]] and was created Prince of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. His brother [[Alessandro Orsini (cardinal)|Alessandro]] was cardinal and Papal legate, and another brother, Ferdinando (died March 4, 1660) acquired the assets of the other line of [[San Gemini]]. In the 17th century the Dukes of Bracciano moved their residence to Rome. This, along with a general economical decadence, damaged the dukedom, and last Duke and Prince, Flavio (March 4, 1620&nbsp;– April 5, 1698) was forced by the huge debts to sell it to [[Livio Odescalchi]].

==Gravina line==
[[File:Coat of arms of the house of Orsini (3).svg|thumb|Princely arms of the Gravina line]]
The line of Gravina, from the name of the eponymous city in [[Apulia]], is the only existing line of the Orsini. It descends from Francesco (died 1456), a son of Count Carlo of Bracciano. Most of his fief was located in northern Lazio, but he entered in the Neapolitan orbit when in 1418 he was called by Sergianni Caracciolo to fight against the Angevine troops, which he defeated. By marriage, he obtained the title of [[Count of Gravina]]. He was made Duke of Gravina by King Alfonso, a title definitely assigned to his son Giacomo (died 1472), to which had been added the counties of [[Conversano]], [[Campagna]] and [[Copertino]]. Two of Francesco's sons, Marino (died 1471) and [[Giovanni Battista Orsini|Giovanni Battista]] (died June 8, 1476), were respectively [[archbishop of Taranto]] and [[Grandmaster (order)|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Rhodes]].

The fourth duke, Francesco, was part of a conspiracy along with his brothers [[Giulio Orsini|Giulio]] and Paolo against [[Cesare Borgia]] but were found out, and Francesco was strangled to death on 18 January 1503 along with his brother Paolo. One of Francesco's nephews, [[Flavio Orsini]], was created cardinal in 1565. The fifth duke, Ferdinando (died December 6, 1549), had all his fiefs confiscated by the Spaniards, but he regained them after a 40,000 scudi payment.

After the heirless death of Duke Michele Antonio (January 26, 1627), his lands passed to his cousin Pietro Orsini, count of [[Muro Lucano]] (died 1641). The latter's nephew [[Pope Benedict XIII|Pier Francesco]], who had renounced the succession in favour of his brother Domenico to become a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]], was later elected pope with the name of Benedict XIII.

His successor raised Benedict XIII's nephew, Prince Beroaldo Orsini, to the dignity of [[Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne]] (title held until 1958), after the emperor [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] had already, in 1724, made him a prince of the [[Princes of the Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]]. The last cardinal from the family was Domenico.

This branch of the family moved to Rome in the 18th century, where Duke Domenico (November 23, 1790&nbsp;– April 28, 1874), married Maria Luisa [[Torlonia]] in 1823. In 1850, he was Minister of War and General Lieutenant of the Papal Armies, and also Senator of Rome.

The remaining princely family is represented by Prince Domenico Napoleone Orsini, [[Counts and dukes of Gravina|Duke of Gravina]] (b. 1948). With no sons or male-line descendants, the heir to the dukedom of Gravina is his brother Don Benedetto Orsini (b. 1956), followed by his cousin Prince Lelio Orsini d'Aragona (b. 1981), whose mother is Princess [[Ketevan Bagration of Mukhrani]].

==Notable members==
===Orsini popes===
* [[Pope Celestine III]] (Giacinto Bobone, created cardinal in 1144)
* [[Pope Nicholas III]] (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, created cardinal in 1244)
* [[Pope Benedict XIII]] (Pietro Francesco Orsini, created cardinal in 1672)

===Orsini cardinals===
{{columnslist|
* [[Pietro Orsini (bishop)|Pietro Orsini]] (1181)
* Matteo Rubeo Orsini (1262)
* [[Latino Malabranca Orsini]] [[Ordine dei Frati Predicatori|O.P.]] (1278)
* [[Giordano Orsini (died 1287)|Giordano Orsini]] (1278)
* [[Napoleone Orsini (cardinal)|Napoleone Orsini]] (1288)
* Francesco Napoleone Orsini (1295)
* [[Matteo Orsini]] O.P. (1327)
* Rinaldo Orsini (1350)
* [[Giacomo Orsini (cardinal)|Giacomo Orsini]] (1371)
* Poncello Orsini (1378)
* [[Tommaso Orsini (cardinal)|Tommaso Orsini]] (1382/1385)
* [[Giordano Orsini (died 1438)|Giordano Orsini]] (1405)
* [[Latino di Carlo Orsini]] (1448)
* [[Cosma Orsini]] O.S.B. (1480)
* [[Giambattista Orsini|Giovanni Battista Orsini]] (1483)
* [[Franciotto Orsini]] (1517)
* [[Flavio Orsini]] (1565)
* [[Alessandro Orsini (cardinal)|Alessandro Orsini]] (1615)
* [[Virginio Orsini]] (1641)
* [[Domenico Orsini d'Aragona]] (1743)
}}

=== Others ===
{{columnslist|
* [[Clarice Orsini]] (1453–1488), spouse of [[Lorenzo il Magnifico]]
* [[Fabio Orsini]] (1476–1504)
* [[Gerolama Orsini]], (1503–1570), noble
* Giovanni II Orsini, Count of Cefalonia and [[Zante]], despota dell'Epiro 1323–1335
* [[Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini]], (1386 or 1393–1463), noble of the [[Kingdom of Naples]], prince of Taranto, count of Lecce and duke Bari.
* [[Giovanni Battista Orsini]] (d. 1476), [[Order of Malta|Grand Master of the Order of Malta]] from 1467 to 1476
* Pietro Gianpaolo Orsini, (d. 1443), condottiero.
* [[Latino di Camillo Orsini]] ({{circa|1530}} – {{circa|1580}}), condottiero.
* Mondilio Orsini (1690–1751), [[archbishop of Capua]] from 1728 to 1743, grand-nephew of pope Benedict XIII
* Napoleone Orsini (1420–1480), condottiero
* Niceforo II Orsini (1329–1359), condottiero e despota dell'Epiro
* [[Paolo Giordano I Orsini]] (1541–1585), duke of [[Bracciano]] dal 1560
* [[Vicino Orsini|Pierfrancesco II Vicino Orsini]] (1523–1585) duke of Bomarzo
* [[Raimondo del Balzo Orsini]], (1361–1406), noble of the Kingdom of Naples
* Rinaldo Orsini, [[archbishop of Florence]] from 1474 to 1508
* Rinaldo Orsini (1402–1450), condottiero and Lord of Piombino
* [[Tommaso Orsini]] (died 1576), Bishop of Foligno and Strongoli 
* [[Virginio Orsini]] (1572–1615), duke of [[Bracciano]]
* [[Filippo Orsini]] (1920–1984), [[Counts and dukes of Gravina|duke of Gravina]], [[Prince Assistant to the Papal Throne]] (Lat. Stator proximus a Solio Pontificis maximi) (1950–1958)
* [[Benedetto Orsini]] (b. 1956), prince of [[Vallata]], Cavaliere di Giustizia del Sacro Militare Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio
* [[Domenico Napoleone Orsini]] (b. 1948), [[Counts and dukes of Gravina|duke of Gravina]]
}}

==Notable buildings==
[[File:NerolaRMcastelloOrsini2.jpg|thumb|The Orsini Castle in Nerola.]]
Apart from the Bracciano castle, other notable buildings and structures associated with the Orsini include:
*The so-called [[Park of the Monsters]] just outside the city of [[Bomarzo]] is a [[Late Renaissance]] [[manierism|manieristic]] garden gallery of sculptures and architecture commissioned in the 16th century by [[Pier Francesco Orsini|Vicino Orsini]]. It includes also a palace, designed by [[Baldassarre Peruzzi]], begun in 1525 by Gian Corrado Orsini and finished by his son Vicino.
*The Orsini Palace in Rome, including the [[Theatre of Marcellus]].
*[[Palazzo Orsini Pio Righetti]], also in Rome.
*Orsini Castles in:
**[[Avezzano]]
**[[Nerola]]
**[[Pitigliano]]
**[[Sant'Angelo Romano]] (15th century)
**[[Sorano]]
**[[Soriano nel Cimino]] (built by Nicholas III in 1278)
**[[Vasanello]] (12th century)

==Orsinis in literature==
The Orsini family was briefly mentioned in [[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]]'s book ''[[The Decameron]]'' in the 5th day, 3rd story. In the woods, it is described that soldiers from a rival family's soldiers attacked a fictional character in the book named Pietro while they had become lost in the woods about eight miles from Rome. Boccaccio describes the soldiers acting to spite of the Orsini's. Furthermore, a castle named [[Campo de' Fiori]], was included in the text. ''L'Idole'' (R. Merle) also has [[Paolo Giordano I Orsini|Paolo]] and Lodovico Orsini as main protagonists, since the book is about [[Vittoria Accoramboni]]'s life.

A "Princess Orsini" is mentioned in Book II, Chapter XXII of F. Scott Fitzgerald's ''Tender is the Night'', as Dick Diver relates an anecdote to Collis Clay in the bar of Rome's Quirinal Hotel.

==See also==
* [[Papal nobility]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last1=Kleinhenz|first1=Christopher|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135948801|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=orsini+colonna+supremacy+rome}}
*{{cite book|last=Rendina|first=Claudio|title=Le grandi famiglie di Roma|publisher=Newton Compton|location=Rome|year=2004}}
*{{cite book|title=Almanach de Gotha (original copy)|location=Germany|orig-date=1905 |year=1925 }} ''(available online&nbsp;— to be linked)''
*{{cite book|title=Paul Theroff's Online Gotha (available online&nbsp;— to be linked)}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|House of Orsini}}

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11325b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Orsini]
* [http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;idno=ajd6870.0009.001;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=445;view=image;page=root Encyclopedia Americana: ORSINI]
* [http://www.genmarenostrum.com/pagine-lettere/letterao/Orsini/anteprima%20orsini.htm Italian Genealogical Society: Enciclopedia genealogica del Mediterraneo: Libro d'Oro della Nobilita Mediterranea: ORSINI] {{in lang|it}}
* [http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz000945wq Orsini family papers, ca. 1150-1950, UCLA Library Digital Collections] {{in lang|it}}
* [https://heinbruins.nl/Rignon.html Descendants of Count Felice Rignon] Emmanuel Raimondo Bertounesque of the Gravina line of the Orsini family, Raimondo Orsini d'Aragona's son: (1) Atto di citazione per dichiarazione giudiziale di paternità in I grado no 72762/2017, con il patrocinio dell’Avvocato Panarese Antonio, presso il Tribunale Ordinario di Roma Prima Sezione Civile – Giudice relatore Caprara Maria Vittoria. (2) Data citazione 11.04.2018. (3) SENTENZA no 20047/2021 Presidente Dott.ssa Marta Ienzi. REPUBBLICA ITALIANA IN NOME DEL POPOLO ITALIANO TRIBUNALE ORDINARIO DI ROMA PRIMA SEZIONE CIVILE - SENTENZA « Il Tribunale, definitivamente pronunciando nella causa civile in primo grado iscritta al n. 72762/2017 R.G.A.C., disattesa ogni contraria istanza, deduzione ed eccezione, così decide: accerta e dichiara che ORSINI D’ARAGONA RAIMONDO nato il 18.10.1931 a Roma ed ivi deceduto in data 24.3.2020 è padre biologico di BERTOUNESQUE EMMANUEL RAYMOND HENRI nato a Tours (Francia) il 7.8.1957; dispone che Emmanuel Raymond Henry BERTOUNESQUE sostituisca al proprio cognome il cognome ORSINI;… » Roma, 27.11.2021 Il Presidente Dott.ssa Marta Ienzi

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[[Category:Orsini family| ]]
[[Category:Papal families]]
[[Category:Italian noble families]]
[[Category:Italian families]]