Editing Orne

{{short description|Department of France}}
{{for|French rivers called ''Orne''|Orne (disambiguation)}}
{{Expand French|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Orne
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Hôtel de Guise Préfecture de l'Orne à Alençon DSCF2223.JPG
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Orne department, in Alençon
| image_flag              = Flag of Orne.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Orne.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Orne-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Orne in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|42|N|0|0|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000_source:frwiki|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Alençon]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Argentan]]<br>[[Mortagne-au-Perche]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Christophe de Balorre<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6103
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|78th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 61
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Orne department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Orne department|21]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Orne department|385]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Orne''' ({{IPA|fr|ɔʁn|-|Fr-Paris--Orne.ogg}}; {{langx|nrf|Ôrne}} or {{lang|nrf|Orne}}) is a [[departments of France|département]] in the northwest of [[France]], named after the river [[Orne (river)|Orne]]. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep61.pdf Populations légales 2019: 61 Orne], INSEE</ref>

== History ==
Orne is one of the original 83 départements created during the [[French Revolution]], on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the [[provinces of France|former provinces]] of [[Normandy]] and [[Perche]]. It is the birthplace of [[Charlotte Corday]], [[Girondist]] and the assassin of [[Jean-Paul Marat]].

== Geography ==
Orne is in the [[regions of France|region]] of [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] neighbouring [[Eure]], [[Eure-et-Loir]], [[Sarthe]], [[Manche]], [[Mayenne]], and [[Calvados (department)|Calvados]]. It is the only department of Normandy not to border the [[English Channel]].

== Economy ==
The largest town by a considerable margin is the [[prefectures in France|prefecture]], [[Alençon]], which is an administrative and commercial centre for what is still an overwhelmingly rural department. There are no large industrial centres, and agriculture remains the economic focus.

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/61his.html|title=Historique de l'Orne|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-61|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1801|14=395,738|15=1806|16=424,669|17=1821|18=422,884|19=1831|20=441,881|21=1841|22=442,072|23=1851|24=439,884|25=1861|26=423,350|27=1872|28=398,250|29=1881|30=376,126|31=1891|32=354,387|33=1901|34=326,952|35=1911|36=307,433|37=1921|38=274,814|39=1931|40=273,717|41=1936|42=269,331|43=1946|44=273,181|45=1954|46=274,862|47=1962|48=280,549|49=1968|50=288,524|51=1975|52=293,523|53=1982|54=295,472|55=1990|56=293,204|57=1999|58=292,337|59=2006|60=292,874|61=2011|62=290,891|63=2016|64=285,308}}
The inhabitants of the department are called ''Ornais''.

The recorded population level peaked at 443,688 in 1836. Declining farm incomes and the lure of better prospects in the [[Overseas departments and territories of France|overseas empire]] led to a sustained reduction in population levels in many rural departments. By the time of the 1936 census, the recorded population stood at just 269,331. Once motor car ownership started to surge in the 1960s, employment opportunities became less restricted and by 1982, the population level had recovered a little to 295,000, after which it slowly decreased.

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Alençon]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Alençon]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,870
|-
| [[Flers, Orne|Flers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 14,762
|-
| [[Argentan]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 13,395
|-
| [[L'Aigle]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,961
|-
| [[La Ferté Macé]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,186
|}

==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is Christophe de Balorre, elected in 2017.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/normandie/orne/|title=Résultats élections: Orne|website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 55.12
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|RN]]
| 44.88
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 61.64
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 38.36
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 52.89
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 47.11
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 57.66
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 42.34
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle_2002/(path)/presidentielle_2002/025/061/2561.html|title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2002: Orne|publisher=Ministère de l'Intérieur}}</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 81.30
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 18.70
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Orne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Joaquim Pueyo]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Orne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Véronique Louwagie]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Orne's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Jérôme Nury]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|}

== Culture ==
[[Alençon, Orne|Alençon]] is the chief town of the Orne department.

[[Camembert, Orne|Camembert]], the village where [[Camembert (cheese)|Camembert cheese]] is made, is located in Orne.

The local dialect is known as ''[[Augeron]]''.

== Tourism ==
<gallery mode="packed-overlay" widths="300" heights="200">
File:Chateau Carrouges.jpg|[[Château de Carrouges]]
File:Château de Domfront.jpg|[[Château de Domfront]]
File:Abbaye Saint-Evroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois 2.jpg|Abbey of [[Saint-Evroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois]]
File:Tour de Bonvouloir 001.jpg|[[Juvigny-sous-Andaine]]
File:Camembert.JPG|[[Camembert]]
File:Haras du Pin main.jpg|[[Haras national du Pin]]
File:Eglisebellême18052018.jpg|[[Saint-Sauveur de Bellême Church]]
File:Suisse Normande Orne.jpg|[[Norman Switzerland|Suisse Normande]]
File:SéesCathédrale.jpg|[[Sées Cathedral]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[Cantons of the Orne department]]
*[[Communes of the Orne department]]
*[[Arrondissements of the Orne department]]
*[[Haras national du Pin|Haras National du Pin, a French stud farm]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.orne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
*{{in lang|fr}} [https://www.orne.fr/ Departmental Council website]
*{{in lang|en}} [http://www.ornetourisme.com/ Orne Tourism]
*{{in lang|en}} [http://www.normandythenandnow.com/awol-in-the-orne-in-1918/ AWOL in the Orne, in 1918] Life in the Orne, WW1 with images
{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Orne| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Normandy]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]