Editing Oriana Fallaci

{{Short description|Italian journalist (1929–2006)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
|name         = Oriana Fallaci
|image        = Oriana Fallaci self portrait Rolleiflex.jpg
|caption      = Fallaci in 1960
|birth_date   = {{Birth date|1929|06|29|df=y}}
|birth_place  = [[Florence]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
|death_date   = {{death date and age|2006|09|15|1929|06|29|df=y}}
|death_place  = Florence, Italy
|resting_place= [[Cimitero degli Allori]], Florence
|occupation   = {{flatlist|
* Journalist
* author
* interviewer
}}
|genre=
|movement=
|influences=
|influenced=
}}

'''Oriana Fallaci''' ({{IPA|it|oˈrjaːna falˈlaːtʃi|lang}}; 29 June 1929 – 15 September 2006) was an Italian [[journalist]] and author. A member of the [[Italian resistance movement]] during [[World War II]], she had a long and successful journalistic career. Fallaci became famous worldwide for her coverage of war and revolution, and her "long, aggressive and revealing interviews" with many world leaders during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.<ref name="ian-fisher">Ian Fisher, [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/books/16fallaci.html?scp=1&sq=Oriana%20Fallaci%20obituary&st=cse "Oriana Fallaci, Incisive Italian Journalist, Is Dead at 77,"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 September 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref>

Fallaci's book ''[[Interview with History]]'' contains interviews with [[Indira Gandhi]], [[Golda Meir]], [[Yasser Arafat]], [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], [[Willy Brandt]], Shah of Iran [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], [[Henry Kissinger]], [[South Vietnam|South Vietnamese]] president [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]], and [[North Vietnam|North Vietnamese]] general [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] during the [[Vietnam War]]. The interview with Kissinger was published in ''[[The New Republic]]'', with Kissinger describing himself as "the [[cowboy]] who leads the [[wagon train]] by riding ahead alone on his horse". Kissinger later wrote that it was "the single most disastrous conversation I have ever had with any member of the press".<ref>Cristina De Stefano, [https://lithub.com/the-interview-that-became-henry-kissingers-most-disastrous-decision/ The Interview that Became Henry Kissinger's "Most Disastrous Decision": How Oriana Fallaci Became the Most Feared Political Interviewer in the World], lithub.com. Retrieved 26 November 2018.</ref>

Fallaci also interviewed [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Andreas Papandreou]], [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], [[Haile Selassie]], [[Lech Wałęsa]], [[Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Mário Soares]], [[George Habash]], and [[Alfred Hitchcock]], among others. After retirement, she returned to the spotlight after writing a series of controversial articles and books [[Criticism of Islam|critical of Islam]] that aroused condemnation for [[Islamophobia]] as well as popular support.

== Early life ==
Fallaci was born in [[Florence]], Italy, on 29 June 1929.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/italy/story/0,,1873911,00.html ''The Guardian''], most sources indicate Fallaci was born on 29 June, but some sources indicate 24 July</ref> Her father Edoardo Fallaci, a [[Cabinetry|cabinet maker]] in Florence, was a [[Activism|political activist]] struggling to put an end to the [[dictatorship]] of [[Italian Fascism|Italian fascist]] leader [[Benito Mussolini]]. During [[World War II]] she joined the Italian [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] [[resistance movement]] ''[[Giustizia e Libertà]]'', part of ''[[Italian resistance movement|Resistenza]]''. She later received a certificate for valour from the [[Royal Italian Army during World War II|Italian army]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oriana-fallaci.com/linfanzia/vita.html|title=Oriana Fallaci Official site|publisher=Oriana-fallaci.com|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=11 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211023908/http://www.oriana-fallaci.com/linfanzia/vita.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref> In a 1976 retrospective collection of her works, she remarked:

{{quote|Whether it comes from a despotic sovereign or an elected president, from a murderous general or a beloved leader, I see power as an inhuman and hateful phenomenon&nbsp;... I have always looked on disobedience toward the oppressive as the only way to use the miracle of having been born.<ref name="The New Yorker">{{cite book|title=The New Yorker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw8nAQAAIAAJ|year=1975|publisher=F-R Publishing Corporation|page=229|quote=Out of that experience there came a literal xenophobia. ... Colonel George Papadopoulos, who became Prime Minister and later President under the junta, said his purpose was to recreate the Greece of the Christian Greeks — "Ellas Elllnon ...}}</ref>}}

== Career ==

=== Beginning as a journalist ===
After attaining her secondary school diploma, Fallaci briefly attended the [[University of Florence]] where she studied medicine and chemistry. She later transferred to literature but soon dropped out and never finished her studies. Her uncle Bruno Fallaci, himself a journalist, suggested that Fallaci pursue a career in [[journalism]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stylos.it/default.asp?artID=73 |title=Stylos: Agenzia di comunicazione giornalistica, letteraria, editoriale - Roma |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522033155/http://www.stylos.it/default.asp?artID=73 |archive-date=22 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fallaci began her career in journalism during her teens, becoming a special correspondent for the Italian paper ''Il mattino dell'Italia centrale'' in 1946.<ref>{{cite book|last=Arico|first=Santo L.|title=Oriana Fallaci: The Woman and the Myth|publisher=Southern Illinois University|year=1998|page=[https://archive.org/details/orianafallaciwom00aric_0/page/26 26]|isbn=0-8093-2153-X|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/orianafallaciwom00aric_0/page/26}}</ref> Beginning in 1967, she worked as a [[war correspondent]] covering the Vietnam War, the [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|Indo-Pakistani War]], the [[Middle East]], and in [[South America]].

=== 1960s ===
For many years, Fallaci was a special correspondent for the political magazine ''[[L'Europeo]]'', and wrote for a number of leading newspapers and the magazine ''[[Epoca (magazine)|Epoca]]''. In [[Mexico City]], during the 1968 [[Tlatelolco massacre]], Fallaci was shot three times by Mexican soldiers, dragged downstairs by her hair, and left for dead. Her eyewitness account became important evidence disproving the Mexican government's denials that a massacre had taken place.<ref name="newyorker">[https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/05/060605fa_fact "The Agitator: Oriana Fallaci directs her fury toward Islam"], [[Margaret Talbot]], ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 5 June 2006.</ref>

In the 1960s she began conducting interviews, first with people in the world of literature and cinema (published in book form in 1963 as ''Gli antipatici'') and later with world leaders (published in the 1973 book ''Intervista con la storia''), which have led some to describe her as "during the 1970s and 80s the most famous – and feared – interviewer in the world".<ref>Caroline Moorehead, [https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/speak-ill-of-everyone/ "Speak ill of everyone"], ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'', 22–29 December 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/article/oriana-fallaci-738jdx5wgmf "Oriana Fallaci"], ''[[The Times]]'', 16 September 2006. Retrieved 8 April 2020.</ref><ref>Sylvia Poggioli, [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6089480 "Fallaci Shed Light on the World's Leaders"], [[National Public Radio]]. Retrieved 8 April 2020.</ref>

=== 1970s ===
In the early 1970s, Fallaci had a relationship with the subject of one of her interviews, [[Alexandros Panagoulis]], who had been a solitary figure in the Greek resistance against the [[military dictatorship]] known as the [[Regime of the Colonels]]. Panagoulis had been captured, heavily tortured and imprisoned for his (unsuccessful) [[Greek military junta of 1967–74|assassination attempt]] on dictator and former [[Hellenic Army]] colonel [[Georgios Papadopoulos]]. Panagoulis died in 1976, under controversial circumstances, in a road accident. Fallaci maintained that Panagoulis' "accident" had been arranged by remnants of the [[Greek military junta of 1967–74|Greek military junta]] despite the [[Metapolitefsi|transition to a democracy]], and her book [[A Man|''Un Uomo'' (''A Man'')]] was inspired by his life.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

During her 1972 interview with Henry Kissinger, Kissinger stated that the [[Vietnam War]] was a "useless war" and compared himself to "the cowboy who leads the wagon train by riding ahead alone on his horse".<ref>Fallaci, Oriana. ''Interview with History'', p.40-41. Translated by John Shepley. 1976, Liveright Press. {{ISBN|0-87140-590-3}}</ref> Kissinger later claimed that it was "the single most disastrous conversation I have ever had with any member of the press".<ref>{{cite news|author=Adam Bernstein|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/15/AR2006091501145_pf.html|title=Reporter-Provocateur Oriana Fallaci|newspaper= The Washington Post|date=15 September 2006|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> In 1973, she interviewed [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]].<ref name=cjer80>{{cite journal|last=Jerome|first=Carole|title=Back to the Veil|journal=New Internationalist|date=1 September 1980|issue=91|url=http://newint.org/features/1980/09/01/women/|access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref> She later stated, "He considers women simply as graceful ornaments, incapable of thinking like a man, and then strives to give them complete equality of rights and duties".<ref name=cjer80 /> After interviewing [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], she described him as "One of the most stupid men I've ever met in my life, maybe the most stupid".<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/the-rolling-stone-interview-oriana-fallaci-19760617 ''Oriana Fallaci: The Rolling Stone Interview''], ''Rollingstone.com'' (June 17 1976).</ref>
[[File:Oriana Fallaci in Tehran 1979.jpg|thumb|Fallaci in [[Tehran]] (1979). To interview the Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeini]], she was required to wear a [[chador]]. During the interview, she removed it and attacked the obligation of women to wear it.]]

During her 1979 interview with [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini]], she addressed him as a "tyrant", and managed to unveil herself from the [[chador]]:

{{quote|'''OF:''' I still have to ask you a lot of things. About the "chador", for example, which I was obliged to wear to come and interview you, and which you impose on Iranian women.... I am not only referring to the dress, but to what it represents, I mean the apartheid Iranian women have been forced into after the revolution. They cannot study at the university with men, they cannot work with men, they cannot swim in the sea or in a swimming-pool with men. They have to do everything separately, wearing their "chador". By the way, how can you swim wearing a "chador"?<br />
'''AK:''' None of this concerns you, our customs do not concern you. If you don't like the Islamic dress, you are not obliged to wear it, since it is for young women and respectable ladies.<br />
'''OF:''' Very kind (of you). Since you tell me that, I'm going to immediately rid myself of this stupid medieval rag. There!<ref>OF – La prego, Imam: devo chiederle ancora molte cose. Di questo "chador" a esempio, che mi hanno messo addosso per venire da lei e che lei impone alle donne,[...] non mi riferisco soltanto a un indumento ma a ciò che esso rappresenta: cioè la segregazione in cui le donne sono state rigettate dopo la Rivoluzione. Il fatto stesso che non possano studiare all'università con gli uomini, ad esempio, né lavorare con gli uomini, né fare il bagno in mare o in piscina con gli uomini. Devono tuffarsi a parte con il "chador". A proposito, come si fa a nuotare con il "chador"? AK – Tutto questo non la riguarda. I nostri costumi non vi riguardano. Se la veste islamica non le piace, non è obbligata a portarla. Perché la veste islamica è per le donne giovani e perbene. OF – Molto gentile. E, visto che mi dice così, mi tolgo subito questo stupido cencio da medioevo. Ecco fatto. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081017002159/http://www.oriana-fallaci.com/khomeini/intervista.html Oriana Fallaci, intervista a Khomeini, ''Corriere della Sera'', 26 September 1979]}}</ref>}}

=== 1980s ===
[[File:O. Fallaci 1 (Foto di GianAngelo Pistoia).jpg|thumb|Oriana Fallaci in 1987]]
In 1980 Fallaci interviewed [[Deng Xiaoping]].<ref>[http://en.people.cn/dengxp/vol2/text/b1470.html "Answers to the Italian Journalist Oriana Fallaci: August 21 and 23, 1980"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129152051/http://en.people.cn/dengxp/vol2/text/b1470.html |date=29 January 2020 }}, ''[[People's Daily]]'', people.cn. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref><ref>Oriana Fallaci, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=472059 "Deng: Cleaning up Mao's mistakes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829143815/http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=472059 |date=29 August 2019 }}, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 31 August 1980, online clipping at digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> [[Michael Rank (author)|Michael Rank]] described this interview as the "most revealing ever of any Chinese leader by any western journalist", during which Deng spoke about [[Mao Zedong|Mao]] "extraordinarily frankly by Chinese standards" whereas most Western interviews with Chinese leaders have been "bland and dull".<ref>Michael Rank, [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/sep/19/guardianobituaries.mainsection "Oriana Fallaci"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 19 September 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref>

=== Retirement ===
Living in [[New York City]] and in a house she owned in [[Tuscany]], Fallaci lectured at the [[University of Chicago]], [[Yale University]], [[Harvard University]] and [[Columbia University]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lg364v_RmvkC&pg=PA216|title=Fighting Suicide Bombing: A Worldwide Campaign for Life|first=Israel|last=Chamy|publisher=Greenwood|year=2007|isbn=978-0-275-99336-8|access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref>

=== After 9/11 ===
After [[September 11 attacks|11 September 2001]], Fallaci wrote three books critical of [[Islamism|Islamic extremists]] and [[Islam]] in general, and in both writing and interviews warned that Europe was "too tolerant of [[Muslim]]s". The first book was ''[[The Rage and the Pride]]'' (initially a four-page article in ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'', the major national newspaper in Italy). In this book, she calls for the destruction of what is now called Islam.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Oriana Fallaci, Incisive Italian Journalist, Is Dead at 77|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 September 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/books/16fallaci.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317134742/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/books/16fallaci.html|archive-date=17 March 2018|url-status=live|last1=Fisher|first1=Ian}}</ref>

She wrote that the "sons of Allah breed like rats", and in a ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' interview in 2005, she said that Europe was no longer Europe but "[[Eurabia]]".<ref name="ian-fisher" /> ''The Rage and the Pride'' and ''[[The Force of Reason]]'' both became bestsellers, the former selling over one million copies in Italy and 500,000 in the rest of Europe,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://observer.com/2003/01/the-rage-of-oriana-fallaci/|title=The Rage of Oriana Fallaci|work=Observer|date=27 January 2003}}</ref> and are considered part of the "Eurabia genre".<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263485050|title=Eurabia Comes to Norway|page=3|journal=Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations|date=July 2013|doi=10.1080/09596410.2013.783969|first=Sindre|last=Bangstad|volume=24 |issue=3 |s2cid=145132618 }}</ref> Her third book in the same vein, ''Oriana Fallaci intervista sé stessa – L'Apocalisse'' ("The Apocalypse"), sold some two million copies globally,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/sep/16/guardianobituaries.italy|title=Obituary: Oriana Fallaci|date=16 September 2006|work=The Guardian}}</ref> the three books together selling four million copies in Italy.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/06/05/the-agitator|title=The Agitator|date=28 May 2006|magazine=The New Yorker}}</ref>

Her writings have been translated into 21 languages, including [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Urdu]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Serbo-Croatian]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Slovene language|Slovenian]], [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]].

== Personal life and death ==
[[File:Cimitero degli Allori, Oriana Fallaci.jpg|thumb|[[Cimitero degli Allori]], Oriana Fallaci]]

On 27 August 2005, Fallaci had a private audience with [[Pope Benedict XVI]] at [[Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo|Castel Gandolfo]]. Although an atheist,<ref>Gianni Pasquarelli, ''I naturali sentieri della tranquillità'', Rubbettino Editore, 2004, p. 132.</ref> Fallaci reportedly had great respect for the Pope and expressed admiration for his 2004 essay titled "If Europe Hates Itself".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://phibetacons.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MGY5ZDJkZWQ2MzRjMmNmNzcwNzg5MjQ5NDgyYmU2YWE=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608020835/http://phibetacons.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MGY5ZDJkZWQ2MzRjMmNmNzcwNzg5MjQ5NDgyYmU2YWE=|url-status=dead|title=Phi Beta Cons on ''National Review Online''|archive-date=8 June 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/tvaradarajan/?id=110006858 Prophet of Decline], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 23 June 2005.</ref> Despite being an atheist, in ''[[The Force of Reason]]'', she claimed that she was also a "[[Christian atheism|Christian atheist]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antisharia.com/2011/11/13/oriana-fallaci1929-2006italian-journalist-and-feministwho-was-anti-islamalso-said-she-was-a-christian-atheist/|title=Oriana Fallaci (1929–2006), Italian journalist, atheist and feminist, who was anti-Islam, also said she was a Christian atheist|publisher=Anti-Sharia|date=13 November 2011|access-date=10 February 2016|archive-date=3 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103075812/http://www.antisharia.com/2011/11/13/oriana-fallaci1929-2006italian-journalist-and-feministwho-was-anti-islamalso-said-she-was-a-christian-atheist/}}</ref><ref>[[Mark Steyn]], [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/12/she-said-what-she-thought/305377/ "She Said What She Thought"], ''[[The Atlantic]]'', December 2006. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> Fallaci was a vocal critic of Islam, especially after the [[Iranian Revolution]] and the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. When rumours of the construction of an Islamic centre in the city of [[Siena]] intensified, Fallaci told ''[[The New Yorker]]'' "If the Muslims build this Islamic center, she will blow it up with the help of her friends".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Oriana Fallaci, Incisive Italian Journalist, Is Dead at 77|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 September 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/books/16fallaci.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317134742/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/books/16fallaci.html|archive-date=17 March 2018|url-status=live|last1=Fisher|first1=Ian}}</ref>

Fallaci died on 15 September 2006, in her native [[Florence]], from cancer. She was buried in the [[Cimitero degli Allori|Cimitero Evangelico degli Allori]] in the southern suburb of [[Florence]], [[Galluzzo]], alongside her family members and a stone memorial to [[Alexandros Panagoulis]], her late companion.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

== Legacy ==
As of 2018, streets or squares have been renamed after her in [[Pisa]], [[Arezzo]], and [[Genoa]].<ref name=Jazeera /> A public garden has also been dedicated to her in [[Sesto San Giovanni]], an industrial town close to [[Milan]].<ref name=Jazeera />

In July 2019, the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|lower chamber of the Italian Parliament]] approved the creation of low-denomination treasury bills that could also be used as a [[de facto]] parallel currency to the [[euro]]. According to the plan's main proponent, the [[Lega Nord|League]]'s MP [[Claudio Borghi (politician)|Claudio Borghi]], the 20-euro bill should bear a picture of Fallaci.<ref name=Jazeera>{{Cite web |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/resurgence-oriana-fallaci-anti-islam-message-italy-190813110101411.html |title= The resurgence of Oriana Fallaci's anti-Islam message in Italy |first= Giorgio |last= Ghiglione |website= www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>

An Italian television series was created about her life, titled ''[[Miss Fallaci]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=2022-09-14 |title=Paramount+ to Launch in Italy With Originals Showcasing Female Stories and Voices |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/paramount-plus-italy-launch-female-voices-1235220318/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2024, a [[biographical novel]], ''[[Oriana: A Novel of Oriana Fallaci]]'', was published by author [[Anastasia Rubis]] based on the true story of Fallaci's career and personal life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oriana - Anastasia Rubis {{!}} Published by Delphinium Books |url=https://www.delphiniumbooks.com/book/oriana/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Delphinium Books |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Fallaci twice received the St. Vincent Prize for journalism (1967, 1971). She also received the [[Premio Bancarella|Bancarella Prize]] (1970) for ''Nothing, and So Be It''; [[Viareggio Prize]] (1979), for ''Un uomo: Romanzo''; and Prix Antibes, 1993, for ''Inshallah''. She received a [[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt.]] from [[Columbia College Chicago|Columbia College (Chicago)]].{{cn|date=March 2025}}

On 30 November 2005, in New York City, Fallaci received the [[Annie Edson Taylor|Annie Taylor]] Award for courage from the [[David Horowitz Freedom Center|Center for the Study of Popular Culture]]. She was honoured for the "heroism and the values" that rendered her "a symbol of the fight against [[Islamofascism|Islamic fascism]] and a knight of the freedom of humankind". The Annie Taylor Award is annually awarded to people who have demonstrated unusual courage in adverse conditions and great danger. [[David Horowitz]], founder of the center, described Fallaci as "a General in the fight for freedom". On 8 December 2005, Fallaci was awarded the Ambrogino d'oro (Golden Ambrogino), the highest recognition of the city of [[Milan]].<ref>[https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2005/11/18/per-oriana-fallaci-un-ambrogino-oro.html "Per oriana Fallaci un ambrogino d' oro rovente"], ''[[La Repubblica]]'', 18 November 2005. Retrieved 8 April 2020.</ref> She also received the [[Jan Karski Eagle Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S.A |first=Wirtualna Polska Media |date=2010-04-23 |title=Orzeł Jana Karskiego dla Oriany Fallaci i "Tygodnika Powszechnego" |url=https://ksiazki.wp.pl/orze-jana-karskiego-dla-oriany-fallaci-i-tygodnika-powszechnego-6146231904630401a |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=ksiazki.wp.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

Acting on a proposal by the Minister of Education [[Letizia Moratti]], on 14 December 2005, the [[President (government title)|president]] of the Italian [[Republic]], [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]], awarded Fallaci a gold medal for her cultural contributions (''Benemerita della Cultura''). The state of her health prevented her from attending the ceremony. She wrote in a speech: "This gold medal moves me because it gratifies my efforts as writer and journalist, my front line engagement to defend our culture, love for my country and for freedom. My current well-known health situation prevents me from travelling and receiving in person this gift that for me, a woman not used to medals and not too keen on trophies, has an intense ethical and moral significance."<ref>"Questa medaglia d'oro mi commuove perché gratifica la mia fatica di scrittore e di giornalista, il mio impegno a difesa della nostra cultura, il mio amore per il mio Paese e per la Libertà. Le attuali e ormai note ragioni di salute mi impediscono di viaggiare e ritirare direttamente un omaggio che per me, donna poco abituata alle medaglie e poco incline ai trofei, ha un intenso significato etico e morale".</ref>

On 12 February 2006, the president of Tuscany, [[Riccardo Nencini]], awarded Fallaci a gold medal from the Council of Tuscany. Nencini reported that the prize was awarded as Fallaci was {{citation needed span|a beacon of Tuscan culture in the world.|date=March 2016}} During the award ceremony, held in New York City, the writer talked about her attempt to create a [[caricature]] of [[Muhammad|Mohammed]], following the polemic relating to similar caricatures that had appeared in [[Charlie Hebdo|French]] and [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy|Dutch newspapers]]. {{Citation needed span|She declared: "I will draw Mohammed with his 9 wives, including the little baby he married when 70 years old, the 16 concubines, and a female camel wearing a Burqa. So far my pencil stopped at the image of the camel, but my next attempt will surely be better."|date=March 2016}}

She received the ''America Award'' of the [[Italy–USA Foundation]] in 2010 (in memoriam).<ref>[http://www.italiausa.org/index.php?c=premio_america "America Award"] [[Italy–USA Foundation]]</ref>

== Controversy ==
Fallaci received much public attention for her controversial writings and statements on [[Islam]] and European [[Muslim]]s. She claimed that Muslims were [[Colonization|colonizing]] Europe through [[Immigration to Europe|immigration]] and [[Total fertility rate|high fertility rates]], in line with the [[Eurabia]] concept.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/12/oriana-fallaci-journalist-views-islamism/544736/ | title=How Oriana Fallaci's Writings on Islamism Are Remembered—and Reviled | website=[[The Atlantic]] | date=15 December 2017 }}</ref>

Fallaci received criticism as well as support in Italy, where her books have sold over one million copies.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/italy/story/0,12576,1278865,00.html Italy has a racist culture, says French editor], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 8 August 2004.</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=8449 Oriana in Exile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111114833/http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=8449 |date=11 January 2006 }}, ''[[The American Spectator]]'', 18 July 2005.</ref> At the first [[European Social Forum]], which was held in [[Florence]] in November 2002, Fallaci invited the people of Florence to cease commercial operations and stay home. Furthermore, she compared the ESF to the [[Nazism|Nazi]] occupation of [[Florence]]. Protest organizers declared, "We have done it for Oriana, because she hasn't spoken in public for the last 12 years and hasn't been laughing in the last 50".<ref>[http://www.repubblica.it/online/politica/socialforumquattro/guzzanti/guzzanti.html Sabina Guzzanti became Fallaci], [[La Repubblica]], 8 November 2002.</ref>

In 2002, in [[Switzerland]], the Islamic Center and the Somal Association of [[Geneva]], [[SOS Racisme]] of [[Lausanne]], along with a private citizen, sued Fallaci for the allegedly racist content of ''The Rage and the Pride''.<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18394.htm Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for Switzerland 2002], [[United States Department of State]], 31 March 2003</ref><ref>[http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/01072002/0107200263.htm Swiss Muslims File Suit Over "Racist" Fallaci Book], from [[The Milli Gazette]], 1 July 2002.</ref> In November 2002, a Swiss judge issued an arrest warrant for violations of articles 261 and 261 bis of the [[Swiss Criminal Code|Swiss criminal code]] and requested the Italian government to either prosecute or [[Extradition|extradite]] her. Italian [[Justice ministry|Minister of Justice]] [[Roberto Castelli]] rejected the request on the grounds that the [[Constitution of Italy]] protects [[freedom of speech]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.padania.to.it/countach/Numero9/Articoli9/Fallaci%20-%20Mandato%20arresto.htm|title=The force of Reason'|language=it|work=Padania|access-date=24 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023033606/http://www.padania.to.it/countach/Numero9/Articoli9/Fallaci%20-%20Mandato%20arresto.htm|archive-date=23 October 2013}}</ref>

In May 2005, [[Adel Smith]], president of the Union of Italian Muslims, launched a lawsuit against Fallaci charging that "some of the things she said in her book ''The Force of Reason'' are offensive to Islam". Smith's attorney cited 18 phrases, most notably a reference to Islam as "a pool that never purifies".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neveryetmelted.com/2006/06/12/oriana-fallaci-trial-begins-in-italy/|title=Oriana Fallaci Trial Begins in Italy|work=Never yet melted|date=12 June 2006|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="icare.to">{{cite web|url=http://www.icare.to/archivenovemberanddecember2002.html#FRENCH%20COURT%20THROWS%20OUT%20LAWSUIT%20ON%20ANTI-ISLAM%20BOOK|title=French Court Throws Out Lawsuit on Anti-Islam Book|publisher=Icare|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121019/http://www.icare.to/archivenovemberanddecember2002.html#FRENCH%20COURT%20THROWS%20OUT%20LAWSUIT%20ON%20ANTI-ISLAM%20BOOK|url-status=dead}}</ref> Consequently, an Italian judge ordered Fallaci to stand trial in [[Bergamo]] on charges of "[[Defamation|defaming]] Islam". The preliminary trial began on 12 June, and on 25 June, Judge Beatrice Siccardi decided that Fallaci should indeed stand trial beginning on 18 December.<ref>[http://www.ecodibergamo.it/EcoOnLine/CRONACA/2006/06/25_fallaci.shtml Fallaci, the trial continues in December], ''[[L'Eco di Bergamo]]'', 26 June 2006.</ref> Fallaci accused the judge of having disregarded the fact that Smith had called for her murder and defamed Christianity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2006/09_Settembre/15/falultimopezzo.shtml |title=Il nemico che trattiamo da amico|work=Corriere della Sera|date=15 September 2006|access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref>

In France, some Arab-Muslim and anti-defamation organisations such as [[MRAP (NGO)|MRAP]] and ''[[Human Rights League (France)|Ligue des Droits de l'Homme]]'' launched lawsuits against Oriana Fallaci, charging that ''The Rage and the Pride'' and ''The Force of Reason'' (''La Rage et l'Orgueil'' and ''La Force de la Raison'' in their French translations) were "offensive to Islam" and "racist".<ref name="icare.to" /> Her lawyer, [[Gilles-William Goldnadel|Gilles William Goldnadel]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/the-fallaci-affair/|title=The Fallaci Affair|first=Christopher|last=Caldwell|publisher=Commentary Magazine|date=1 October 2002|access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref> president of the France-Israel Organization, was also [[Alexandre del Valle]]'s lawyer during similar lawsuits against del Valle.

On 3 June 2005, Fallaci published on the front page of the ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' a highly controversial article titled "''Noi Cannibali e i figli di [[Medea]]''" ("We cannibals and Medea's offspring"), urging women not to vote for a public [[referendum]] about [[artificial insemination]] that was held on 12 and 13 June 2006.<ref>[http://www.donboscoland.it/articoli/visualizzaarticolo.pax?ID=1280&idrealta=1 "We cannibals and Medea's offspring"], Oriana Fallaci, June 2005. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023221140/http://www.donboscoland.it/articoli/visualizzaarticolo.pax?ID=1280&idrealta=1 |date=23 October 2013 }}</ref>

In her 2004 book ''Oriana Fallaci intervista sé stessa – L'Apocalisse'', Fallaci expressed her opposition to [[same-sex marriage]], arguing that it "subvert[s] the biological concept of family" and calling it "a fashionable whim, a form of exhibitionism", and also against [[LGBT parenting|parenting by same-sex couples]], declaring it a "distorted view of life". She also asserted the existence of a "[[gay lobby]]", through which "the homosexuals themselves are discriminating against others".<ref>{{cite book|last=Fallaci|first=Oriana|year=2004|title=Oriana Fallaci intervista sé stessa – L'Apocalisse|place=Milan|publisher=Rizzoli|page=262}}</ref>

In the June 2006 issue of ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]'', [[American libertarian]] writer [[Cathy Young]] wrote: "Oriana Fallaci's 2002 book ''The Rage and the Pride'' makes hardly any distinction between radical [[Islamic terrorists]] and [[Somalia|Somali]] [[Hawker (trade)|street vendors]] who supposedly urinate on the corners of Italy's great cities." [[Christopher Hitchens]], writing in ''[[The Atlantic]]'', called the book "a sort of primer in how not to write about Islam", describing it as "replete with an obsessive interest in excrement, disease, sexual mania, and insect-like reproduction, insofar as these apply to Muslims in general and to Muslim immigrants in Europe in particular".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/04/holy-writ/302701 Holy Writ], [[The Atlantic]], June 2006.</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=q3-nBAAAQBAJ&q=I+sette+peccati+di+Hollywood ''I sette peccati di Hollywood''], (''The Seven Sins of Hollywood''), preface by [[Orson Welles]]), Milan: [[Longanesi]], 1958; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition).
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=YnBd8ITWftwC&q=Il+sesso+inutile ''Il sesso inutile, viaggio intorno alla donna''], [[RCS MediaGroup|Rizzoli]], Milan, 1961; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition); English translation (Pamela Swinglehurst, tr.): ''The Useless Sex: Voyage around the Woman'', New York: [[Ben Raeburn|Horizon Press]], 1964.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ad3AAC5vPGkC&q=oriana+fallaci ''Penelope alla guerra''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1962; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition); English translation, ''Penelope at War'', London: Michael Joseph, 1966, Pamela Swinglehurst, tr.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hn-nBAAAQBAJ&q=oriana+fallaci ''Gli antipatici''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1963; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition); English translation (Pamela Swinglehurst, tr.): ''Limelighters'', London: Michael Joseph, 1967, and ''[https://archive.org/details/egotistssixteens00fall The Egotists: Sixteen Surprising Interviews]'', Chicago: [[Regnery Publishing|Regnery]], 1968. Interviews with [[Norman Mailer]], [[Sean Connery]], [[Ingrid Bergman]], [[Nguyen Cao Ky]], [[H. Rap Brown]], [[Geraldine Chaplin]], [[Hugh Hefner]], [[Frederico Fellini]], [[Sammy Davis Jr.]], [[Anna Magnani]], [[Jeanne Moreau]], [[Dean Martin]], [[Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba|Duchess of Alba]], [[Alfred Hitchcock]], [[Mary Hemingway]], and [[El Cordobes]].
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=GwTGjKRFafkC&q=oriana+fallaci ''Se il Sole muore''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1965; Best BUR, 2010 (digital edition); English translation (Pamela Swinglehurst, tr.): ''[https://archive.org/details/ifsundies00fall If the Sun Dies]'': New York, [[Atheneum Books|Atheneum]], 1966, and London: Collins, 1967. About the [[Space policy of the United States|US space program]].
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=FaVZ5KTe9Q0C&q=oriana+fallaci ''Niente, e cosí sia''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1969; Best BUR, 2010 (digital edition); English translation (Isabel Quigly, tr.): [[Nothing, and So Be It (book)|''Nothing, And So Be It: A Personal Search for Meaning in War'']], New York: [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]], 1972,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170124020727/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP88-01350R000200140004-5.pdf Nothing and so be it: A personal search for meaning in war], cia.gov. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref> and ''Nothing and Amen'', London: Michael Joseph, 1972. A report on the [[Vietnam War]] based on personal experiences.<ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/oriana-fallaci-2/nothing-and-so-be-it-a-personal-search-for-mean/ Review: ''Nothing, And So Be It: A Personal Search for Meaning in War''], kirkusreviews.com. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</ref>
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=FzQ0dsMflOsC&q=Quel+giorno+sulla+Luna ''Quel giorno sulla Luna''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1972; Best BUR, 2010 (digital edition).
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=L0h6ZbNaUP8C&q=oriana+fallaci ''Intervista con la storia''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1974; Best BR, 2008 (digital edition); English translation (John Shepley, tr.): ''[[Interview with History]]'', New York: [[Boni & Liveright|Liveright Publishing Corporation]], 1976; London: Michael Joseph, 1976; Boston: [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin Company]], 1977. A collection of interviews with sixteen political figures.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=syIcBNODzqYC&q=Lettera+a+un+bambino+mai+nato ''Lettera a un bambino mai nato''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1975; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition); English translation (John Shepley, tr.): ''[[Letter to a Child Never Born]]'', New York: [[Simon & Schuster]], 1976, and London: Arlington Books, 1976. A dialogue between a mother and her eventually [[Miscarriage|miscarried]] child.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hkcd96qX51wC&q=oriana+fallaci ''Un uomo: Romanzo''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1979; Best BUR, 2010 (digital edition); English translation (William Weaver, tr.): ''[[A Man]]'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 1980. A novel about [[Alexandros Panagoulis]], a [[Greece|Greek]] revolutionary hero who fights alone and to the death for freedom and truth.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=0H-nBAAAQBAJ&q=oriana+fallaci ''Insciallah''], Milan: Rizzoli, 1990; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition); English translation (by Oriana Fallaci, working from a translation by James Marcus): ''[[Inshallah (novel)|Inshallah]]'', New York: Doubleday, 1992, and London: [[Chatto & Windus]], 1992. A fictional account of Italian troops stationed in [[Lebanon]] in 1983.
* ''La Rabbia e l'orgoglio'' Milan: Rizzoli, 2001; English translation: ''[[The Rage and the Pride]]'', New York: Rizzoli, 2002. {{ISBN|0-8478-2504-3}}. A post-[[September 11 attacks|11 September]] manifesto.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vZsa8v6uPn4C&q=oriana+fallaci ''La Forza della ragione''], Milan: Rizzoli, 2004; Best BUR, 2014 (digital edition); English translation: ''[https://archive.org/details/forceofreasonlaf00fall The Force of Reason]'', New York: [[Rizzoli Libri|Rizzoli International]], 2004. {{ISBN|0-8478-2753-4}}. A sequel to ''La Rabbia e l'orgoglio'' (''The Rage and the Pride'').
* ''Oriana Fallaci intervista Oriana Fallaci'', Milan: ''Corriere della Sera'', August 2004; not translated into English.<ref name="douglas-murray">[[Douglas Murray (author)|Douglas Murray]], [https://standpointmag.co.uk/features-november-2017-douglas-murray-brava-oriana-fallaci/ "Brava: The fearless life of Oriana Fallaci"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428042005/https://standpointmag.co.uk/features-november-2017-douglas-murray-brava-oriana-fallaci/ |date=28 April 2020 }}, ''[[Standpoint (magazine)|Standpoint]]'', 20 October 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2020.</ref> Fallaci interviews herself on the subject of "[[Eurabia]]" and "[[Islamofascism]]".
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=9bOZ7l-itl8C&q=Oriana+Fallaci+intervista+s%C3%A9+stessa+-+L%27Apocalisse ''Oriana Fallaci intervista sé stessa – L'Apocalisse''], Milan: Rizzoli, 2004. An update (in Italian) of the interview with herself. A new, long epilogue is added.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=4vN4Yx-rv8QC&q=Un+cappello+pieno+di+ciliege ''Un cappello pieno di ciliegie''], Milan: Rizzoli, 2008; BURbig, 2010 (digital edition); not translated into English.<ref name="douglas-murray" /> A novel about her ancestors, published [[Posthumous publication|two years after her death]]. Fallaci worked on it for ten years, until the 11 September attacks and her books inspired by them.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=oUkjI-bNJjgC&q=oriana+fallaci ''Intervista con il mito''], Milan: Rizzoli, 2010; Best BUR, 2010 (digital edition).
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wa3TDQAAQBAJ&q=Le+radici+dell%27odio.+La+mia+verit%C3%A0+sull%27Islam Le radici dell'odio: La mia verità sull'Islam]'', Milan: Rizzoli Vintage, 2015; BUR Rizzoli, 2016 (digital edition).

== See also ==
* [[Robert Spencer (author)|Robert Spencer]]
* [[Steven Emerson]]
* [[Daniel Pipes]]
* [[Bat Ye'or]]
* [[Alexandre del Valle]]
* [[Tiziano Terzani]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Wikiquote}}
'''Obituaries'''
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/15/AR2006091500165.html "Combative Writer Oriana Fallaci Dies"] by Alexandra Rizzo, [[Associated Press]], 15 September 2006.
* [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/12/hitchens200612 "Eulogy: Oriana Fallaci and the Art of the Interview"] by [[Christopher Hitchens]], ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', December 2006.
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1528968/Oriana-Fallaci.html Oriana Fallaci], ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', 16 September 2006.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060925091851/http://politicscentral.com/2006/09/15/oriana_by_michael_ledeen.php "Oriana"] by [[Michael Ledeen]]

'''Articles by Fallaci'''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120102801/https://www.corriere.it/esteri/11_febbraio_23/e-a-oriana-diceva-voi-ci-massacrate-oriana-fallaci_4c8c7538-3f17-11e0-ad3f-823f69a8e285.shtml "E a Oriana diceva: voi ci massacrate"], ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'', 2 December 1979 - interview (in Italian) with [[Muammar Gaddafi]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040805061119/http://www.borg.com/~paperina/fallaci/fallaci_1.html Rage & Pride by Oriana Fallaci], English translation by Letizia Grasso, from the four-page essay "La Rabbia e l'Orgoglio", that appeared in Italy's leading newspaper [[Corriere della Sera]] on 29 September 2001. (Note that the official edition by Rizzoli is translated by Fallaci herself)
* [http://digilander.libero.it/september11/Oriana%20Fallaci.htm Rage and Pride], as translated by Chris Knipp
* [http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=11611 On Jew-Hatred in Europe], by columnist Oriana Fallaci, IMRA – 25 April 2002 (Originally published in Italian in the [[Panorama (magazine)|Panorama magazine]], 17 April 2002).
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJNRBkHO1Po Oriana Fallaci audio interview], with Stephen Banker circa 1972

'''Articles about Fallaci'''
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/16/books/review-oriana-fallaci-biography-cristina-de-stefano.html "The Life of Oriana Fallaci, Guerrilla Journalist"] by [[Dwight Garner]], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 16 October 2017.
* [https://lithub.com/the-interview-that-became-henry-kissingers-most-disastrous-decision/ The "Interview that Became Henry Kissinger's 'Most Disastrous Decision': How Oriana Fallaci Became the Most Feared Political Interviewer in the World"] by Cristina De Stefano. 20 October 2017.
* [https://womenintheworld.com/2017/10/16/oriana-fallaci-the-last-diva-journalist/ "Oriana Fallaci: The last diva journalist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427191939/https://womenintheworld.com/2017/10/16/oriana-fallaci-the-last-diva-journalist/ |date=27 April 2020 }} by Pieter Colpaert, womenintheworld.com, 16 October 2017.
* "Golda and Oriana: A Romance", in: ''The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership'' by [[Yehuda Avner]] (2010). {{ISBN|978-1-59264-278-6}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080217065936/http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/majfud141106.html The Slow Suicide of the West], by [[Jorge Majfud]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075018/http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa041002a.htm Rage and Pride Ignites a Firestorm] – On the reception of "Rage and Pride" By Michael San Filippo, guide to Italian Language at [[about.com]].
* [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111948571453267105 "Prophet of Decline: An interview with Oriana Fallaci"] by [[Tunku Varadarajan]] in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''<!--2005-->
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601223513/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060605fa_fact "The Agitator: Oriana Fallaci directs her fury toward Islam"] by [[Margaret Talbot]] in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 29 May 2006
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090701102054/http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/3164 Oriana Fallaci—The Enjoyment of Hate] by Judy Harris in [[Z Communications|ZNet]], 17 September 2006
* [https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=7194 Review of Santo L. Arico's ''Oriana Fallaci: The Woman and the Myth''] by Linda Steiner, H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online, February 2003.
* [https://observer.com/2003/01/the-rage-of-oriana-fallaci/ "The Rage of Oriana Fallaci"] by George Gurley, ''[[The New York Observer]]'', 27 January 2003.
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/25/archives/oriana-fallaci-an-interviewer-who-goes-for-the-jugular-in-four.html "Oriana Fallaci, an Interviewer Who Goes for the Jugular in Four Languages"] by [[Judy Lee Klemesrud|Judy Klemesrud]], ''The New York Times'', 25 January 1973.

'''Books about Fallaci'''
* John Gatt-Rutter, ''Oriana Fallaci: The Rhetoric of Freedom'', Oxford and Dulles, VA: Berg, 1996 (New Directions in European Writing series).
* Santo L. Aricò, ''Oriana Fallaci: The Woman and the Myth''. Carbondale, Ill. and Edwardsville, Ill.: [[Southern Illinois University Press]], 1998/2010.
* Santo L. Aricò, [https://books.google.com/books?id=n3WDBTxp9-kC&q=The+Unmasking+of+Oriana+Fallaci%3A+Part+II+and+Conclusion+to+Her+Life ''The Unmasking of Oriana Fallaci: Part II and Conclusion to Her Life''], Pittsburgh: [[Dorrance Publishing Company|Rose Dog Books]], 2013.
* Cristina De Stefano, ''[[Oriana Fallaci: The Journalist, the Agitator, the Legend|Oriana, una donna]]''. Milan: Rizzoli, 2013; English translation: [https://books.google.com/books?id=G-j1DQAAQBAJ&q=oriana+fallaci ''Oriana Fallaci: The Journalist, the Agitator, the Legend''], New York: [[Other Press]], 2017, translated from the Italian by Marina Harss.

== External links ==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081016081617/http://www.oriana-fallaci.com/ Oriana Fallaci]}} – life, books, articles, interviews, clippings, photos and videos. (Archived version {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220104205203/http://www.oriana-fallaci.com/ here]}}.)
* [https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Oriana_Fallaci Oriana Fallaci] – quotations in original Italian

{{Oriana Fallaci}}
{{Bancarella Prize}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fallaci, Oriana}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian women journalists]]
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[[Category:20th-century Italian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian women journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Italian women writers]]
[[Category:Action Party (Italy) politicians]]
[[Category:Bancarella Prize winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in Tuscany]]
[[Category:Eurabia]]
[[Category:Italian anti-fascists]]
[[Category:Italian atheists]]
[[Category:Italian critics of Islam]]
[[Category:Italian emigrants to the United States]]
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[[Category:Politicians from Florence]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ambrogino d'oro]]
[[Category:War correspondents of the Vietnam War]]