Editing Orgel's rules

'''Orgel's rules''' are a set of axioms attributed by [[Francis Crick]] to the [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]] [[Leslie Orgel]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Dunitz, Jack D.|author2=Joyce, Gerald F.|title=Leslie E. Orgel|journal=Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences|year=2013|page= 11|url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/orgel-leslie.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Starr, Christopher K.|title=Jean-Henri Fabre and Biological Systematics|journal=DLSU Dialogue|year=1985|url=http://ckstarr.net/1985-FABRE.pdf}}</ref>

==Orgel's First Rule==
"Whenever a [[spontaneous process]] is too slow or too inefficient a [[protein]] will evolve to speed it up or make it more efficient."

This "rule" comments on the fact that there are a great number of proteins in all organisms which fulfil a number of different functions through modifying chemical or physical processes. An example would be an [[enzyme]] that [[Catalysis|catalyses]] a [[chemical reaction]] that would take place too slowly to benefit an organism without being sped up by this enzyme.

==Orgel's Second Rule==
"[[Evolution]] is cleverer than you are."

This rule is well known among biologists. It does not imply that evolution has conscious motives or method but that people who say "evolution can't do this" or "evolution can't do that" are simply lacking in imagination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.genomicron.evolverzone.com/2007/11/orgels-second-rule-and-unbeatable/ |title=Orgel's Second Rule and "unbeatable" predation tactics. |author=T. Ryan Gregory|date=13 November 2007 }}</ref>

Orgel's second rule tells us that the process of natural selection is not itself intelligent, clever or purposeful but that the products of evolution are ingenious.<ref name="Le Comber pp. 189–189">{{cite journal | last=Le Comber | first=S C | title=The genetic code has a 'shift' key | journal=Heredity | publisher=Springer Nature | volume=103 | issue=3 | date=2009-04-22 | issn=0018-067X | doi=10.1038/hdy.2009.40 | pages=189| pmid=19384342 | s2cid=20905191 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
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[[Category:Evolutionary biology]]
[[Category:Rules]]