Editing Orford, New Hampshire

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Orford, New Hampshire
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = The Mall at Orford, NH.jpg
|image_seal               = 
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = The Mall {{circa|1906}}
|image_flag               = 
|image_map                = Grafton-Orford-NH.png
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Grafton County, New Hampshire|Grafton County]], [[New Hampshire]]
|settlement_type          = Town
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[New Hampshire]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in New Hampshire|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Grafton County, New Hampshire|Grafton]]
|parts_type               = Villages
|parts                    = {{ubl|Orford|Orfordville}}
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Board of selectmen|Selectboard]]
|leader_name              = {{ubl|P. Chase Kling, Chair|Kevin Follensbee|Larry Taylor}}
|established_title        = [[Incorporation (municipal government)|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1761
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_cousubs_33.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 30, 2021}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 124.1
|area_total_sq_mi         = 
|area_land_km2            = 120.4
|area_land_sq_mi          = 
|area_water_km2           = 3.6
|area_water_sq_mi         = 
|area_water_percent       = 2.93
|population_as_of         = 2020
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=0600000US3300958500&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=Orford town, Grafton County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=November 30, 2021}}</ref>
|population_total         = 1237
|population_density_km2   = 10.3
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|43|54|18|N|72|08|15|W|region:US-NH|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m              = 
|elevation_ft             = 407
|website                  = {{URL|www.orfordnh.us}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 03777
|area_code                = [[Area code 603|603]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 33-58500
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0873693
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Orford''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Grafton County, New Hampshire|Grafton County]], [[New Hampshire]], United States. The population was 1,237 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="Census 2020"/> unchanged from the 2010 census. The [[Appalachian Trail]] crosses in the east.

==History==

[[Image:The Ridge, Orford, NH.jpg|thumb|left|The Ridge {{circa|1912}}]]
First called "Number Seven" in a line of [[Connecticut River]] fort towns, Orford was incorporated in 1761 by Governor [[Benning Wentworth]] and named for [[Robert Walpole]], [[Earl of Orford]], who was the first [[prime minister of Great Britain]]. The town was settled in 1765 by Daniel Cross and wife from [[Lebanon, Connecticut]].<ref name="Coolidge & Mansfield">[https://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&dq=coolidge+mansfield+history+description+new+england+1859&pg=PA609 A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, ''A History and Description of New England;'' Boston, Massachusetts 1859]</ref> By 1859, it had 1,406 inhabitants, most involved in [[agriculture]]. There was a large [[Tanning (leather)|tannery]], a chair factory, ten [[sawmill]]s, a [[starch]] factory, a [[gristmill]], a [[window sash|sash]], [[window shutter|blind]] and door factory, and two boot and [[shoemaking|shoe]] factories.<ref name="Coolidge & Mansfield"/>

An original grantee was General Israel Morey, whose son [[Samuel Morey]] discovered a way to separate [[hydrogen]] from [[oxygen]] in water, making possible the first [[marine steam engine]]. He recognized the potential of steam power after working at his father's [[ferry]]. In 1793, on the river at Orford, he was first to demonstrate the use of a [[paddlewheel]] to propel a [[steamboat|steam boat]].

Author [[Washington Irving]] visited Orford in 1832 and is quoted as saying, "In all my travels in this country and in [[Europe]], I have seen no village more beautiful than this. It is a charming place—nature has done her utmost here."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yfsaAAAAYAAJ&dq=Washington+Irving+In+all+my+travels+Orford,+New+Hampshire&pg=RA1-PA319 ''The White Mountains: A Handbook for Travellers;'' James R. Osgood & Company, Boston 1880]</ref> Of the famous sequence of seven early homes built on The Ridge, [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]] Professor of [[Architecture]] Hugh Morrison said, "As a row and counting the setting, this is the finest group of [[Federal style architecture|Federal-style]] houses in the United States."<ref>[http://www.crjc.org/heritage/N13-6.htm Alice Doan Hodgson, ''Orford Street Historic District -- National Register Nomination Information'' 1976]</ref> Built between 1773 and 1839, the dwellings show the influence of architect [[Asher Benjamin]].

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|124.1|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|120.4|sqkm|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|3.6|sqkm|order=flip}} are water, comprising 2.93% of the town.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> The [[Connecticut River]], which serves as the boundary between New Hampshire and [[Vermont]], forms the western edge of the town. Most of Orford is drained by Jacobs Brook and other small tributaries of the Connecticut. The northeastern corner of the town, around Upper and Lower Baker Ponds, drains via the [[Baker River (New Hampshire)|Baker River]] and [[Pemigewasset River]] into the [[Merrimack River]].

The town has two population centers. The main village of '''Orford''', with the town's schools and post office, is located on [[New Hampshire Route 10]] along the banks of the Connecticut River. The town hall, however, is located in the smaller village of '''Orfordville''', on [[New Hampshire Route 25A]] several miles east of the river.

The highest point in Orford is the summit of Mount Cube, at {{convert|2909|ft|m}} above [[sea level]], in the eastern part of town. The northern slopes of [[Smarts Mountain]], whose {{convert|3240|ft|m|adj=on}} summit lies in the neighboring town of [[Lyme, New Hampshire|Lyme]], occupy the southeastern corner of town.

Camps Merriwood and Moosilauke are situated on Upper Baker Pond in Orford.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1790= 540
|1800= 988
|1810= 1265
|1820= 1568
|1830= 1829
|1840= 1707
|1850= 1406
|1860= 1255
|1870= 1119
|1880= 1050
|1890= 916
|1900= 890
|1910= 799
|1920= 661
|1930= 636
|1940= 701
|1950= 726
|1960= 667
|1970= 793
|1980= 928
|1990= 1008
|2000= 1091
|2010= 1237
|2020= 1237
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="Census 2020"/><ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
[[Image:OrfordNH OrfordStreet 01.jpg|thumb|left|Orford Street in 2013]]
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,091 people, 470 households, and 308 families residing in the town.  The [[population density]] was 23.4 people per square mile (9.0/km{{sup|2}}).  There were 561 housing units at an average density of 12.0 per square mile (4.6/km{{sup|2}}).  The racial makeup of the town was 96.98% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.09% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.27% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.64% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.10% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.92% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.92% of the population.

There were 470 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.84.

[[Image:Connecticut Valley at Fairlee, VT and Orford, NH.jpg|thumb|right|[[Connecticut River Valley]] {{circa|1907}}, with Orford from [[Fairlee, Vermont]]]]
In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $50,577. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $25,833 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $24,196.  About 3.1% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

==Crime==
{{expand section|date=April 2024}}
<!--How much long term significance is the 2011 street sign theft?-->
In the winter of 2011, Orford experienced a rash of [[street sign theft]], at one point leaving the town with only six signs remaining. With an addition of a new police officer, 66 of the signs were recovered and two of the thieves admitted to stealing the signs.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fox44now.com/story/14259101/66-road-signs-stolen-in-orford-new-hampshire| author=Rachel Kent| title=66 Road Signs Stolen in Orford, New Hampshire| date=March 22, 2011| publisher=Fox 44 News| access-date=July 27, 2011}}</ref>

==Education==
It is in the [[Rivendell Interstate School District]].<ref name=SDMap2020Census>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st33_nh/schooldistrict_maps/c33009_grafton/DC20SD_C33009.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Grafton County, NH|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 28, 2024}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st33_nh/schooldistrict_maps/c33009_grafton/DC20SD_C33009_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

== Notable people ==
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· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability.
· The article must mention how they are associated with Orford, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name please.
· All others will be deleted.
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* [[Deborah Arnie Arnesen]] (born 1953), NH gubernatorial candidate, commentator<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1914&dat=19930713&id=Qg0gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nmUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1771,2656403 |title= N.H. hike highest in nation |publisher=Sun Journal |access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Daniel Doan]] (1914–1993), hiking enthusiast, writer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ead.dartmouth.edu/html/ml82.html |title= The Papers of Daniel Doan in the Dartmouth College Library|publisher=Dartmouth College Library|access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Milton Friedman]] (1912–2006), [[Nobel Prize]]-winning economist; ''[[The Economist]]'' described Friedman as "the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century ... possibly of all of it"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/164193 |title= More morals than money |newspaper=The Economist |access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Charles R. Jackson]] (1903–1968), writer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ead.dartmouth.edu/html/ms1070_fullguide.html|title= Guide to the Papers of Charles R. Jackson, circa 1920-1992|publisher=Dartmouth College Library|access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Ben Lovejoy]] (born 1984), defenseman with the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=3752968|title= Savoring the moment|date= June 17, 2009|publisher=Dartmouth College |access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Gilman Marston]] (1811–1890), US senator, congressman, and US Army general<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=m000165|title=MARSTON, Gilman| publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Samuel Morey]] (1762–1843), inventor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orfordnh.us/history/bridge-rededication.html|title=Orford History|publisher=Orford New Hampshire|access-date=January 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015004831/http://www.orfordnh.us/history/bridge-rededication.html|archive-date=October 15, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Jameson Parker]] (born 1947), actor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-04-me-31628-story.html|title=Actor Testifies Against His Alleged Attacker : Courts: Jameson Parker of the TV series "Simon & Simon" says a neighbor, charged with attempted murder, shouted obscenities and shot him twice.|date=September 4, 1993|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref><!--MISSING CONNECTION TO ORFORD-->
* [[Fanny Huntington Runnells Poole]] (1863–1940), writer, book reviewer
* [[Meldrim Thomson, Jr.]] (1912–2001), 73rd [[List of Governors of New Hampshire|governor of New Hampshire]]<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/20/us/meldrim-thomson-89-dies-governed-new-hampshire.html|title=Meldrim Thomson, 89, Dies; Governed New Hampshire| work=The New York Times|date=April 20, 2001 |access-date= January 10, 2014|last1=Marquis |first1=Christopher }}</ref>
* [[Jeduthun Wilcox]] (1768–1838), US congressman<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000456|title=WILCOX, Jeduthun, (1768 - 1838)| work=The New York Times|access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Leonard Wilcox]] (1799–1850), US senator<ref>{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000458|title=WILCOX, Leonard, (1799 - 1850)| publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date= January 10, 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{portal|New Hampshire}}
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|www.orfordnh.us}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071009160706/http://orfordnh.us/history/18thcentury.html History of Orford]
* [https://www.nhes.nh.gov/elmi/products/cp/profiles-htm/orford.htm New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile]
* [https://www.eastorfordhistoryproject.com History of East Orford]

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Orford
 | North     = [[Piermont, New Hampshire|Piermont]]
 | Northeast = [[Piermont, New Hampshire|Piermont]]
 | East      = [[Wentworth, New Hampshire|Wentworth]]
 | Southeast = [[Dorchester, New Hampshire|Dorchester]]
 | South     = [[Lyme, New Hampshire|Lyme]]
 | Southwest = [[Thetford, Vermont]]
 | West      = [[Fairlee, Vermont]]
 | Northwest = [[Bradford, Vermont]]
}}

{{Grafton County, New Hampshire}}
{{Connecticut River}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Grafton County, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:New Hampshire populated places on the Connecticut River]]
[[Category:Towns in New Hampshire]]