Editing Open Archives Initiative

{{Short description|Informal organisation}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Open Archival Information System|OAIS]], a conceptual framework for organizing archival repositories, or with the similarly named [[Budapest Open Access Initiative]]}}
[[File:OAI-PMH.jpg|thumb|Logo used by the Open Archives Initiative.]]
The '''Open Archives Initiative''' ('''OAI''') was an informal organization, in the circle around the colleagues [[Herbert Van de Sompel]], Carl Lagoze, Michael L. Nelson and Simeon Warner,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Calhoun|first=Karen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCpLDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Exploring Digital Libraries: Foundations, Practice, Prospects|publisher=Facet Publishing|year=2014|isbn=978-1-85604-820-0|pages=37–39|language=en}}</ref> to develop and apply technical [[interoperability]] standards for archives to share catalogue information (metadata).<ref>{{cite arXiv|last=Warner|first=Simeon|date=2001-06-28|title=Exposing and harvesting metadata using the OAI metadata harvesting protocol: A tutorial|eprint=cs/0106057}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Van de Sompel|first1=Herbert|last2=Nelson|first2=Michael L.|last3=Lagoze|first3=Carl|last4=Warner|first4=Simeon|year=2004|title=Resource Harvesting within the OAI-PMH Framework|url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december04/vandesompel/12vandesompel.html|journal=D-Lib Magazine|language=en|volume=10|issue=12|doi=10.1045/december2004-vandesompel|issn=1082-9873|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lagoze|first1=Carl|last2=Van de Sompel|first2=Herbert|year=2003|title=The making of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07378830310479776/full/html|journal=Library Hi Tech|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=118–128|doi=10.1108/07378830310479776|issn=0737-8831}}</ref><ref name=AboutOAI>[http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/OAI-organization.php Open Archives Initiative -> About OAI]</ref> The group got together in the late  late 1990s<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Van de Sompel|first1=Herbert|last2=Lagoze|first2=Carl|year=2000|title=The Santa Fe Convention of the Open Archives Initiative|url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february00/vandesompel-oai/02vandesompel-oai.html|journal=D-Lib Magazine|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1045/february2000-vandesompel-oai|issn=1082-9873|doi-access=free}}</ref> and was active for around twenty years. OAI coordinated in particular three specification activities: OAI-PMH,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last1=Lagoze|first1=Carl|last2=Van de Sompel|first2=Herbert|last3=Nelson|first3=Michael|last4=Warner|first4=Simeon|date=2002-06-14|title=Open Archives Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting - v.2.0|url=https://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.openarchives.org}}</ref> OAI-ORE<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2014|orig-year=2008|title=ORE Specifications and User Guides - Table of Contents|url=http://www.openarchives.org/ore/1.0/toc.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.openarchives.org}}</ref> and ResourceSync.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Van de Sompel|first1=Herbert|title=ResourceSync: The NISO/OAI Resource Synchronization Framework|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-40501-3_70|work=Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries|volume=8092|pages=488–489|year=2013|editor-last=Aalberg|editor-first=Trond|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-40501-3_70|isbn=978-3-642-40500-6|access-date=2021-02-26|last2=Nelson|first2=Michael L.|last3=Klein|first3=Martin|last4=Sanderson|first4=Robert|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |editor2-last=Papatheodorou|editor2-first=Christos|editor3-last=Dobreva|editor3-first=Milena|editor4-last=Tsakonas|editor4-first=Giannis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2017|title=ResourceSync Framework Specification - Table of Contents|url=https://www.openarchives.org/rs/toc.html|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.openarchives.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2017|title=ANSI/NISO Z39.99-2017 ResourceSync Framework Specification {{!}} NISO website|url=https://www.niso.org/publications/z3999-2017-resourcesync|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.niso.org}}</ref> All along the group worked towards building a "low-barrier [[interoperability]] framework" for archives ([[institutional repository|institutional repositories]]) containing [[digital content]] ([[digital library|digital libraries]]) to allow people (service providers) harvest [[metadata]] (from data providers).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arms|first1=William Y.|last2=Dushay|first2=Naomi|last3=Fulker|first3=Dave|last4=Lagoze|first4=Carl|year=2003|title=A case study in metadata harvesting: the NSDL|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07378830310479866/full/html|journal=Library Hi Tech|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=228–237|doi=10.1108/07378830310479866|issn=0737-8831}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Horwood|first1=Lynne|last2=Sullivan|first2=Shirley|last3=Young|first3=Eve|last4=Garner|first4=Jane|year=2004|title=OAI compliant institutional repositories and the role of library staff|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01435120410533756/full/html|journal=Library Management|language=en|volume=25|issue=4/5|pages=170–176|doi=10.1108/01435120410533756|issn=0143-5124|hdl=11343/33742|s2cid=60593691 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Such sets of metadata are since then harvested to provide "value-added services", often by combining different data sets.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Suleman|first1=Hussein|last2=Fox|first2=Edward A.|year=2003|title=Leveraging OAI harvesting to disseminate theses|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07378830310479857/full/html|journal=Library Hi Tech|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=219–227|doi=10.1108/07378830310479857|issn=0737-8831}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Cole|first1=Timothy W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=maZhQgAACAAJ&q=%22Open+Archives+Initiative%22|title=Using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting|last2=Foulonneau|first2=Muriel|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59158-280-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shreeves |first1=Sarah L. |last2=Habing |first2=Thomas G. |last3=Hagedorn |first3=Kat |last4=Young |first4=Jeffery |date=2005 |title=Current developments and future trends for the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting |url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/609 |language=en |journal=Library Trends |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=576–589}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reese|first=Terry|date=2009-04-01|title=Automated Metadata Harvesting: Low-Barrier MARC Record Generation from OAI-PMH Repository Stores Using MarcEdit|url=https://journals.ala.org/lrts/article/view/5366|journal=Library Resources & Technical Services|volume=53|issue=2|pages=121–134|doi=10.5860/lrts.53n2.121|issn=0024-2527|doi-access=free}}</ref>

OAI has been involved in developing a technological framework and interoperability [[standardization|standards]] for enhancing access to [[eprint]] archives, which make [[academia|scholarly]] [[Communication|communications]] like [[academic journal]]s available, associated with the [[open access]] [[publishing]] movement. The relevant technology and standards are applicable beyond scholarly publishing.

The OAI technical infrastructure, specified in the [[Protocol for Metadata Harvesting]] (OAI-PMH) version 2.0,<ref name=":0" /> defines a mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata. This [[protocol (computing)|protocol]] mandates that individual archives map their metadata to the [[Dublin Core]], a common metadata set for this purpose. OAI standards allow a common way to provide content, and part of those standards is that the content has metadata that describes the items in Dublin Core format. [[Object Reuse and Exchange]] (OAI-ORE)<ref name=":1" /> defines standards for the description and exchange of aggregations of [[web resource]]s.

Funding for the initiative came from the [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation]], [[Coalition for Networked Information]] (CNI), [[Digital Library Federation]] (DLF), [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF), the [[Alfred P. Sloan Foundation]], and other organizations.<ref name=AboutOAI/>

==See also==
{{div col}}
*[[Analytical Sciences Digital Library]] (ASDL)
*[[Digital preservation]]
*[[National Digital Library Program]] (NDLP)
*[[National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program]] (NDIIPP)
*[[Scientific Commons]]
*[[Self-archiving]]
* [[E-Theses Online Service]] EThOS a service provided by the [[British Library]] using OAI
*[[World Wide Molecular Matrix]] (WWMM)
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100314214736/http://oai.sdu.edu.tr/ Suleyman Demirel University Open Archives Harvester] via archive.org
*[http://www.openarchives.org/news/news2.html#IOP%20OAI%20news OAI News]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020305202440/http://oaister.umdl.umich.edu/ Largest OAI-Harvester (OAIster)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200313082822/http://www.scientificcommons.org/ ScientificCommons.org]
*[http://rechercheisidore.fr ISIDORE : a french portal in arts & humanities based on OAI and SemWeb]
*[http://uilib-oai.sourceforge.net/ UIUC OAI Metadata Harvesting Project]
*''[http://info.lib.uh.edu/cwb/oab.pdf Open Access Bibliography: Liberating Scholarly Literature with E-Prints and Open Access Journals]''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090628103036/http://www.openarchives.eu/ Openarchives.eu - The European Guide to OAI-PMH compliant repositories in the world]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Open archives initiative}}
[[Category:Academic publishing]]
[[Category:Online archives]]
[[Category:Archival science]]
[[Category:Open-access archives]]
[[Category:Open access projects]]