Editing Old Harbor, Alaska

{{short description|City in Alaska, United States}}
{{distinguish|text=Old Harbor, part of [[Dorchester Bay (Boston Harbor)]]}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | official_name            = Old Harbor
 | native_name              = Nuniaq
 | settlement_type          = [[City (Alaska)|City]]
 | nickname                 = 
 | motto                    = <!-- Images -->
 | image_skyline            = Old Harbor Alaska aerial view.jpg
 | image_caption            = Aerial view of Old Harbor
 | imagesize                = 250px
 | image_flag               = 
 | image_seal               = <!-- Maps -->
 | pushpin_map              = Alaska
 | pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Alaska
 | image_map                = 
 | mapsize                  = 
 | map_caption              = <!-- Location -->
 | subdivision_type         = Country
 | subdivision_name         = United States
 | subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Alaska]]
 | subdivision_type2        = [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|Borough]]
 | subdivision_name2        = [[Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska|Kodiak Island]]
 | government_footnotes     = 
 | government_type          = 
 | leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
 | leader_name              = Jeffrey Peterson (2022)<ref>{{Cite book|title=2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League|year=2015|page=120}}</ref>
 | leader_title1            = [[Alaska Senate|State senator]]
 | leader_name1             = [[Gary Stevens (politician)|Gary Stevens]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
 | leader_title2            = [[Alaska House of Representatives|State rep.]]
 | leader_name2             = [[Louise Stutes]] (R)
 | established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
 | established_date         = June 3, 1966<ref>{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=[[Juneau]]|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1996|page=113}}</ref>

<!-- Area -->
 | area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
 | area_magnitude           = 
 | area_total_km2           = 58.50
 | area_land_km2            = 41.93
 | area_water_km2           = 16.57
 | area_total_sq_mi         = 22.59
 | area_land_sq_mi          = 16.19
 | area_water_sq_mi         = 6.40
<!-- Population -->
 | population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
 | population_footnotes     = 
 | population_total         = 216
 | population_density_km2   = 5.15
 | population_density_sq_mi = 13.34
 | timezone                 = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]]
 | utc_offset               = -9
 | timezone_DST             = AKDT
 | utc_offset_DST           = -8
 | elevation_footnotes      = 
 | elevation_m              = 1
 | elevation_ft             = 3
 | coordinates              = {{coord|57|11|50|N|153|18|28|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
 | postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
 | postal_code              = 99643
 | area_code                = [[Area code 907|907]]
 | area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]] 
 | blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
 | blank_info               = 02-57340
 | blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
 | blank1_info              = {{GNIS 4|1407483}}  
 | website                  = 
 | footnotes                = 
 | pop_est_as_of            = 
 | pop_est_footnotes        = 
 | population_est           = 
 | unit_pref                = Imperial
}}
'''Old Harbor''' ([[Alutiiq language|Alutiiq]]: ''Nuniaq'';<ref>[http://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/map/names/ ANLC : Alaska Native Place Names]</ref> {{langx|ru|italic=yes|Старая Гавань}}) is a city in [[Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska]], United States. At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] the population was 218,<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0257340| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212180745/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0257340| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Old Harbor city, Alaska| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=March 21, 2013}}</ref> down from 237 in 2000.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|68.7|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|53.2|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|15.5|km2|order=flip}}, or 22.59%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

==History==
[[File:Salmon drying. Aleut village, Old Harbor, Alaska, 1889 - NARA - 513089 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Salmon drying. [[Alutiiq]] (''Sugpiaq'') village, Old Harbor (''Nuniaq''). Photographed by N. B. Miller, 1889.]]
The community of Old Harbor has its origins in the era of [[Russian America|Russian conquest]]. On August 14, 1784, [[Grigory Shelikhov]] with 130 [[promyshlenniki|Russian fur traders]] massacred (see [[Awa'uq Massacre]]) several hundred ''Qik’rtarmiut Sugpiat'' tribe of [[Alutiiq people|Alutiiq]] men, women and children at Refuge Rock, a tiny [[stack (geology)|stack]] island off the eastern coast of [[Sitkalidak Island]]. In Alutiiq, this sacred place is known as ''Awa'uq'' ("to become numb").<ref name="refBenfitzhugh">Ben Fitzhugh (2003), [https://books.google.com/books?id=KPGLVwJ9QbEC&dq=%22sitkalidak%22+%22alutiiq%22&pg=PA59 The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers: archaeological evidence from the North Pacific], Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003</ref><ref>[http://alutiiqmuseum.org/artist-gallery/46-language/alutiiq-word-of-the-week-archives/collecting/486-242.html Alutiiq Museum : Old Harbor * Nuniaq]</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 160
|1890= 86
|1920= 54
|1930= 84
|1940= 109
|1950= 121
|1960= 193
|1970= 290
|1980= 340
|1990= 284
|2000= 237
|2010= 218
|2020= 216
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
Old Harbor first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village with 160 residents: 155 Inuit and 5 Creole (Mixed Russian and Native).<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics of the Population of Alaska |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-17.pdf |website=United States Census Bureau |date=1880}}</ref> It returned with 86 residents in 1890, all Native.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890 |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v8-01.pdf |website=United States Census Bureau |publisher=Government Printing Office}}</ref> It did not return again until 1920. It formally incorporated in 1966.

As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 237 people, 79 households, and 51 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|11.3|/sqmi|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|abbr=out}}. There were 111 housing units at an average density of {{convert|5.3|/sqmi|/km2|abbr=out}}. The racial makeup of the city was 13.08% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 73.00% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], and 13.92% from two or more races.

There were 79 households, out of which 44.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.9% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.60.

In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 39.7% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 127.9 males. For every 100 females of age 18 and over, there were 142.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,500, and the median income for a family was $26,000. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $23,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,265. About 30.8% of families and 29.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 32.5% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

==Economy==
The Old Harbor Alliance has an economic plan for the community.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 23, 2018|title=Alaska Native nonprofit acquires bison herd|url=https://apnews.com/7cdaf96b78a74b028035a0f34671fb65|access-date=September 18, 2020|website=AP NEWS}}</ref>

==Education==
The Old Harbor School, a K-12 rural school, is operated by the [[Kodiak Island Borough School District]].<ref>"[http://www.kibsd.org/domain/304 Our Schools]." [[Kodiak Island Borough School District]]. Retrieved on February 15, 2017.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kodiak.org/explore-kodiak/kodiak-villages/old-harbor.html Kodiak.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228102527/http://www.kodiak.org/explore-kodiak/kodiak-villages/old-harbor.html |date=December 28, 2012 }} – Information about Old Harbor

{{Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Alaska]]
[[Category:Cities in Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean]]