Editing Olbia

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{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                  = Olbia
| official_name         = Comune di Olbia
| native_name           = {{native name|sc|Terranoa}}<br />{{native name|sdn|Tarranoa}}
| image_skyline         = Aerial view of Olbia.jpg
| imagesize             = 200px
| image_alt             = 
| image_caption         = November 2014 aerial photograph of Olbia. The airport and the harbour are both visible.
| image_shield          = Olbia-Stemma.svg
| shield_alt            = 
| image_map             = 
| map_alt               = 
| map_caption           = 
| pushpin_map           = Italy Sardinia
| coordinates           = {{coord|40|55|N|09|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region                = [[Sardinia]]
| province            = [[Province of Sassari|Sassari]]
| frazioni              = Berchiddeddu, Murta Maria, Pittulongu, Rudalza-[[Porto Rotondo]], San Pantaleo 
| mayor_party           =  
| mayor                 = Settimo Nizzi
| area_footnotes        = 
| area_total_km2        = 383.64
| population_footnotes  = <ref>{{cite web|title=Monthly Demographic Balance|url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?l=en&a=2025&i=D7B|publisher=[[Italian National Institute of Statistics|ISTAT]]}}</ref> 
| population_total      = 61658
| population_as_of      = 2025
| population_demonym    = Olbiesi
| elevation_footnotes   = 
| elevation_m           = 
|istat=| saint                 = [[Simplicius of Olbia|St. Simplicius]]
| day                   = May 15
| postal_code           = 07026
| area_code             = 0789
| website               = {{official website|http://www.comune.olbia.ot.it/}}
| footnotes             = 
}}
'''Olbia''' ({{IPA|it|ˈɔlbja|-|It-Olbia.ogg}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dizionario.rai.it/ |title=Dizionario italiano multimediale e multilingue d'ortografia e di pronunzia |last1=Migliorini |first1=Bruno |last2=Tagliavini |first2=Carlo |last3=Fiorelli |first3=Piero |editor=Tommaso Francesco Borri |website=dizionario.rai.it |publisher=Rai Eri |access-date=12 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dipionline.it/dizionario/ |title=Dizionario di pronuncia italiana ''online'' |last1=Canepari |first1=Luciano |website=dipionline.it |access-date=12 February 2016}}</ref> {{IPA|it|ˈolbja|local}}; {{langx|sc|Terranoa}}; {{langx|sdn|Tarranoa}})<ref>[http://www.olbia.it/olbia-e-la-sua-storia-arrivata-la-cartellonistica-con-i-toponimi-storici/ Olbia e la sua storia: arrivata la cartellonistica con i toponimi storici – Olbia.it].</ref> is a city and [[communes of Italy|commune]] of 61,000 inhabitants in the [[Italy|Italian]] insular [[province of Sassari]] in northeastern [[Sardinia]], Italy, in the historical region of [[Gallura]]. Called {{lang|la|Olbia}} in the Roman age, '''Civita''' in the Middle Ages ([[Sardinian medieval kingdoms|Judicates]] period) and the '''Terranova Pausania''' until the 1940s, ''Olbia'' has again been the official name of the city since the [[Italian Fascism|fascist period]].

== History ==
Although the name is of Greek origin, due to the Greek presence during the seventh century [[Anno Domini|B.C.]], the city of Olbia was first settled either by the [[Nuragic civilization|Nuragics]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pittau|first=Massimo|title=Storia dei sardi nuragici|publisher=Domus de janas|year=2007|isbn=978-88-88569-39-0|location=Selargius|language=Italian|oclc=876584347|quote=Noi respingiamo con decisione la tesi sostenuta di recente da qualcuno secondo cui Olbia sarebbe stata fondata dai Cartaginesi nel 350 a.C., e sosteniamo invece che non si possa dubitare per nulla del fatto che il sito di Olbia fosse stato occupato in epoca molto più antica dai Nuragici. Lo dimostra all’evidenza innanzitutto il fatto che tutto il retroterra olbiese è risultato ricco di monumenti e reperti nuragici – si pensi al pozzo sacro di ‘Sa Testa’ ed inoltre al santuario fortificato di ‘Cabu Abbas’-, in secondo luogo la circostanza che ai Nuragici non poteva sfuggire l’importanza enorme della baia di Olbia come insenatura difesa dai venti e quindi adattissima alla pesca, all’estrazione del sale ed alla navigazione.}}</ref> or by [[Phoenicia]]ns, according to the archaeological findings. It contains ruins from the [[Nuragic civilisation|Nuragic]] era to the Roman era, when it was an important port, and the Middle Ages, when it was the capital of the [[Giudicato of Gallura]], one of the four independent states of Sardinia. During the [[First Punic War]], the Romans fought against the [[Punics|Carthaginians]] and the Sardinians near Olbia, where the general Hanno died in battle.{{cn|date=October 2022}}
[[File:San Simplicio Olbia 01.jpg|thumb|San Simplicio]]
From 1113 it was the episcopal see of the [[Diocese of Cività]] (succeeding to the [[Diocese of Gallura]], the 1070 restoration of the [[Diocese of Fausania]], {{circa}} 500–750), which was renamed in 1839 as [[Diocese of Civita–Tempio]] until its formal suppression in favor of (in fact merger into) the [[Diocese of Tempio–Ampurias]] (also integrating the [[Diocese of Ampurias]], which was in [[personal union]] with the see of Civita from 1506).{{cn|date=October 2022}}

== Geography ==
[[File:Olbia harbour, Olbia-Tempio, Sardinia, Italy - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Harbour]]
It is the economic centre of this part of the island (commercial centres, food industry) and is very close to the  [[Costa Smeralda]] tourist area. It was one of the administrative capitals of the [[province of Olbia-Tempio]], operative since 2005 and canceled after a referendum seven years later. Olbia is a tourist destination thanks to its sea and beaches and also for the large number of places of cultural interest to visit.

=== Climate ===
Olbia has a [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa''), with mild winters, warm springs and autumns and hot summers.
{{Weather box|width=auto
| location     = Olbia, [[Sardinia]] (1981–2010)
| single line  = y
| metric first = y
| Jan record high C = 25.1
| Feb record high C = 24.5
| Mar record high C = 28.0
| Apr record high C = 27.8
| May record high C = 35.0
| Jun record high C = 39.9
| Jul record high C = 47.4
| Aug record high C = 41.0
| Sep record high C = 38.3
| Oct record high C = 33.3
| Nov record high C = 29.0
| Dec record high C = 24.0
|Jan high C = 13.7
|Feb high C = 14.2
|Mar high C = 16.3
|Apr high C = 18.7
|May high C = 23.3
|Jun high C = 27.9
|Jul high C = 31.3
|Aug high C = 31.3
|Sep high C = 27.4
|Oct high C = 23.2
|Nov high C = 18.0
|Dec high C = 14.7
| year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 9.5
|Feb mean C = 9.6
|Mar mean C = 11.5
|Apr mean C = 13.6
|May mean C = 17.7
|Jun mean C = 22.0
|Jul mean C = 25.3
|Aug mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 21.8
|Oct mean C = 18.1
|Nov mean C = 13.5
|Dec mean C = 10.6
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 5.3
|Feb low C = 5.1
|Mar low C = 6.6
|Apr low C = 8.4
|May low C = 12.0
|Jun low C = 16.1
|Jul low C = 19.3
|Aug low C = 19.4
|Sep low C = 16.3
|Oct low C = 13.0
|Nov low C = 9.1
|Dec low C = 6.5
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -3.6
| Feb record low C = -3.0
| Mar record low C = -2.5
| Apr record low C = -1.0
| May record low C = 3.9
| Jun record low C = 7.0
| Jul record low C = 12.0
| Aug record low C = 10.0
| Sep record low C = 8.9
| Oct record low C = 4.0
| Nov record low C = -1.4
| Dec record low C = -4.2
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 47.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 72.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 63.4
| Apr precipitation mm = 56.1
| May precipitation mm = 37.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 18.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 6.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 28.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 40.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 58.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 55.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 97.9
| Jan precipitation days = 7
| Feb precipitation days = 8
| Mar precipitation days = 8
| Apr precipitation days = 8
| May precipitation days = 4
| Jun precipitation days = 3
| Jul precipitation days = 1
| Aug precipitation days = 3
| Sep precipitation days = 5
| Oct precipitation days = 5
| Nov precipitation days = 6
| Dec precipitation days = 9
| Jan humidity    = 70
| Feb humidity    = 69
| Mar humidity    = 65
| Apr humidity    = 66
| May humidity    = 66
| Jun humidity    = 58
| Jul humidity    = 60
| Aug humidity    = 63
| Sep humidity    = 67
| Oct humidity    = 65
| Nov humidity    = 72
| Dec humidity    = 72
| year humidity   =
| Jan sun  = 127
| Feb sun  = 138
| Mar sun  = 186
| Apr sun  = 213
| May sun  = 279
| Jun sun  = 312
| Jul sun  = 360
| Aug sun  = 316
| Sep sun  = 249
| Oct sun  = 195
| Nov sun  = 138
| Dec sun  = 118
| year sun =
|source 1 = Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale<ref name = ISPRA>{{cite web
| url = https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/files/pubblicazioni/SA_55_14_Valori_climatici_normali.pdf
| title = Valori climatici normali di temperatura e precipitazione in Italia
| publisher=Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale
| access-date = 26 November 2024}}</ref>
| source 2 = Aeronautica Militare <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/sardinia/olbia.php
|title=Climate Statistics for Olbia, Sardinia
|access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=16531&ano=2023&mes=7&day=24&hora=21&min=0&ndays=30|title= 16531:   Olbia / Costa Smeralda (Italy)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 24 July 2023|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 24 July 2023|quote=}}</ref>
| date   = March 2013}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1861|3042|1871|3393|1881|4073|1901|5487|1911|7123|1921|8045|1931|10860|1936|11377|1951|14601|1961|17727|1971|24290|1981|30787|1991|41095|2001|45366|2011|53307|2021|60711|footnote=Source: [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]|cols=2|align=none}}

== Main sights ==
[[File:Museo olbia.jpg|thumb|Archaeological museum]] 
[[File:Porto istana e isola di tavolara - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Porto Istana beach and Tavolara island]] 
* Romanesque former cathedral of [[San Simplicio, Olbia|San Simplicio]] (11th–12th century).
* [[Church of St. Paul Apostle]] (medieval)
* National Archaeology Museum
* [[Castello di Pedres|Pedres Castle]]
*Several [[dolmen]]s and a [[menhir]]
*Several [[nuraghe]]s
*Remains of the Roman forum and aqueduct
*Remains of Carthaginian walls
*Fausto Noce park, the largest in Sardinia
*River park of Padrongianus
*[[Tavolara island]]

==Sport==
[[Olbia Calcio 1905]] represents Olbia in [[Serie D]], the fourth division of Italian [[association football|football]].
Olbia hosted several legs of [[Aquabike World Championship (powerboating)]] in 2003, 2004, 2018, 2019.

== Transport ==
[[File:Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport.jpg|thumb|left|Olbia Airport departures area]]
Olbia is one of the main connections between Sardinia and the Italian peninsula, with an airport ([[Olbia - Costa Smeralda Airport|Olbia – Costa Smeralda]]), a passenger port (Olbia-Isola Bianca), and a railway from [[Olbia railway station]] to [[Porto Torres]], [[Golfo Aranci]] and [[Cagliari]]. There is an expressway to [[Nuoro]] and [[Cagliari]] (SS131) and national roads to [[Sassari]] (SS199-E840), [[Tempio Pausania]] (SS127) and [[Palau, Italy|Palau]] (SS125).
{{Further|Venafiorita Airport}}

=== Local transport ===
The internal city public transport and bus connections with the surrounding areas are provided by the [[ASPO Olbia|ASPO]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASPO Trasporto Pubblico Olbia |url=https://www.aspo.it/?lang=en|access-date=2020-11-13 |website=ASPO |language=en-US}}</ref> (Olbia's public service company), while vehicle connections with the other centers of the territory are provided by the ARST<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARST - - Home |url=http://www.arst.sardegna.it/index.html |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=www.arst.sardegna.it}}</ref> (Sardinian regional transport company). Other private carriers operate with lines under concession. {{clear left}}

== Hospitals ==
[[File:Olbia, ospedale Mater Olbia (01).jpg|thumb|Mater Olbia]] 
The major hospitals in the area are:
* "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASSL Olbia - Servizi al cittadino - Ospedali - Giovanni Paolo II |url=https://www.aslolbia.it/index.php?xsl=21&s=2&v=9&c=2744&na=1&n=50&o=1 |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=www.aslolbia.it}}</ref> - Olbia
* "Paolo Dettori" Hospital<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASSL Olbia - Servizi al cittadino - Ospedali - Paolo Dettori |url=https://www.aslolbia.it/index.php?xsl=21&s=2&v=9&c=633&esn=Primo+piano&na=1&n=50 |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=www.aslolbia.it}}</ref> - [[Tempio Pausania]]
* "Paolo Merlo" Hospital<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASSL Olbia - Servizi al cittadino - Ospedali - Paolo Merlo |url=https://www.aslolbia.it/index.php?xsl=21&c=634&esn=Primo+piano&n=50&na=1&s=2&v=9 |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=www.aslolbia.it}}</ref> - [[La Maddalena]]
* [[Mater Olbia Hospital]] - Olbia

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Olbia - Pozzo sacro di Sa Testa (06).JPG|Nuragic holy well temple of Sa testa
File:Acquedotto Romano Sa Rughittula.jpg|Ruins of the Roman aqueduct
File:The church of S.Paolo of Olbia, Sardinia - panoramio.jpg|The church of S.Paolo of Olbia
File:Olbia, castello di Pedres (03).jpg|Olbia, castle of Pedres
Olbia, faro dell'isola della Bocca (05).jpg|Lighthouse
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*{{official website|http://www.comune.olbia.ot.it/}} {{in lang|it}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110509051438/http://www.olbialive.it/en/town-of-olbia City of Olbia]
*[https://www.destination-sardinia.com/the-island/points-of-interest/olbia-and-surroundings/ Olbia and surroundings]


{{Province of Sassari}}
{{Phoenician cities and colonies navbox|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Olbia| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sardinia]]
[[Category:Phoenician colonies in Sardinia]]