Editing Okonomiyaki

{{short description|Japanese savory pancake}}
{{italic title}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox food
| name             = Okonomiyaki
| name_italics     = true
| image            = Okonomiyaki_001.jpg
| image_size       = 300
| caption          = ''Okonomiyaki''
| alternate_name   = 
| country          = [[Japan]]
| region           = [[Hiroshima]], [[Osaka]]
| creator          = 
| course           = [[Main course]]
| served           = Hot
| main_ingredient  = Wheat flour batter, cabbage
| variations       = [[#Variations by region|Regional]]
| calories         = 
| other            = 
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Okonomiyaki'''''|[[wikt:お好み焼き|お好み焼き]]||{{pronunciation|Okonomiyaki, pronunciation.ogg|listen|help=no}}|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[teppanyaki]] savory [[pancake]] dish consisting of [[wheat flour]] batter and other ingredients (mixed, or as toppings) cooked on a ''[[Teppanyaki|teppan]]'' (flat griddle). Common additions include cabbage, meat, and seafood, and toppings include ''okonomiyaki'' sauce (made with [[Worcestershire sauce]]), ''[[aonori]]'' (dried seaweed flakes), ''[[katsuobushi]]'' (bonito flakes), Japanese [[mayonnaise]], and [[beni shōga|pickled ginger]].

''Okonomiyaki'' is mainly associated with two distinct variants from [[Hiroshima]] or the [[Kansai region]] of Japan, but is widely available throughout the country, with toppings and batters varying by area. The name is derived from the word {{Transliteration|ja|okonomi}}, meaning "how you like" or "what you like", and {{Transliteration|ja|yaki}}, meaning "grilled". It is an example of {{Transliteration|ja|konamono}} ({{Transliteration|ja|konamon}} in the [[Kansai dialect]]), or [[flour]]-based [[Japanese cuisine]].

It is also called by an abbreviated name, "okonomi", where the {{Transliteration|ja|O}} is a [[Honorific speech in Japanese|politeness prefix]] and {{Transliteration|ja|konomi}} means ‘favorite’.

A liquid-based ''okonomiyaki'', popular in [[Tokyo]], is called ''[[monjayaki]]'' (also written as {{Transliteration|ja|monja yaki}}) and abbreviated as "monja". Outside of Japan, it can also be found served in [[Manila]], [[Taipei]], [[Bangkok]], and [[Jakarta]] by street vendors.

==History==
A thin [[crêpe]]-like confection called ''{{ill|funoyaki|ja|麩の焼き}}'' may be an early precursor to ''okonomiyaki''.<ref name="heibonsha">{{Harvnb|Heibonsha|1964}} encyclopedia vol. 3, p. 445, article on ''okonomiyaki'' by Tekishū Motoyama 本山荻舟 (1881–1958)</ref><ref name="okonomi world">{{cite web |url=http://okonomiyakiworld.com/Okonomiyaki-History.html |title=Okonomiyaki History |publisher=Okonomiyaki World |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723154414/http://okonomiyakiworld.com/Okonomiyaki-History.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Records of the word {{Transliteration|ja|funoyaki}} appear as far back as the 16th century, as written about by tea master [[Sen no Rikyū]],<ref name=kumakura>{{Harvnb|Kumakura|2007}}, p.168</ref> and though the dish's ingredients are unclear, it may have included ''fu'' ([[Wheat gluten (food)|wheat gluten]]).<ref name="heibonsha"/> By the late [[Edo period]] (1603–1867),<ref>In {{Harvnb|Heibonsha|1964}} {{Transliteration|ja|funoyaki}} is (mistakenly) said to be a late Edo-period confection</ref> ''funoyaki'' referred to a thin crêpe baked on a cooking pot, with [[miso]] basted on one side.<ref name="heibonsha"/><ref name=kumakura/> This confection is the ancestor of the modern confections {{Nihongo|''kintsuba''|金つば}}, which is also called {{Nihongo|''gintsuba''|銀つば}} in [[Kyoto]] and [[Osaka]],<ref name="heibonsha"/> and ''taiko-yaki'' (also known as [[imagawayaki]]), which both use {{Nihongo|''nerian''|練り餡}}, a [[sweet bean paste]].<ref name="Nipponica"/>

In the [[Meiji (era)|Meiji era]] (1868–1912), {{Nihongo|''monjiyaki''|文字焼き}}, a related confection, was popular with children at {{Nihongo|''[[dagashi]]ya''|駄菓子屋}}, shops selling cheap sweets.<ref name="Kansaistyle">{{Cite web |title=「関西風」のルーツは東京だった！花柳界と切り離せないお好み焼きの黎明期 |work=JBpress（日本ビジネスプレス） |date=16 August 2013 |access-date=6 August 2021 |trans-title=The roots of "Kansai style" were Tokyo! The dawn of okonomiyaki, which is inseparable from the Hanayanagi world |url=https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/38464?page=2 |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806124521/https://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/38464?page=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was made by drawing letters (''monji'') or pictures with flour batter on a ''[[Teppanyaki|teppan]]'' (iron griddle) and adding ingredients of choice. The confectionary was also called {{Nihongo|''dondonyaki''|どんどん焼き}}, from the [[onomatopoeia]] of the stall sellers beating drums to attract customers.<ref name="Nipponica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=お好み焼き |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Nipponica]], Volume 4 |year=1985 |last=沢 |first=史生 |publisher=[[Shogakukan]] |page=155 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/お好み焼き-1513538 |language=ja |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807224614/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8A%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%BF%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D-1513538 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first appearance of the word "okonomiyaki" was at a shop in Osaka in the 1930s.<ref name="okonomi world"/><ref name="foodicles history">{{cite web |url=https://foodicles.com/okonomiyaki-history/ |title=All About the Famous Japanese Pancake. |first=Angela |last=Sibal |date=26 May 2021 |publisher=Foodicles |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607181620/https://foodicles.com/okonomiyaki-history/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="natgeo 20150804">{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/beyond-the-bomb-hiroshimas-beloved-okonomiyaki-pancake |title=Beyond the Bomb: Hiroshima's Beloved Okonomiyaki Pancake |date=4 August 2015 |first=Ari |last=Beser |work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210823222338/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/beyond-the-bomb-hiroshimas-beloved-okonomiyaki-pancake |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription }}</ref> After the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake]] when people lacked amenities, it became a pastime to cook these crêpes,<ref name="heibonsha"/> and after [[World War II]] (when there was a short supply of [[rice]])<ref name="Kansaistyle"/> ''okonomiyaki'' emerged as an inexpensive and filling dish for all ages, often with savory toppings, such as meat, seafood, and vegetables.<ref name="heibonsha"/><ref name="Nipponica" /><ref name="bbc 20200413"/> This "''okonomiyaki'' boom" saw household equipment and ingredients for the dish become commercially available.<ref name="Nipponica" /> ''Monjiyaki'' also developed into the related modern dish {{Nihongo|''[[monjayaki]]''|モンジャ焼き}}, which has a more runny batter due to more added water, resulting in a different cooked consistency.<ref name="Nipponica" />

The ''{{ill|issen yōshoku|ja|一銭洋食}}'' (cheap [[Yōshoku|Western-style cuisine]]) of Kyoto, which developed in the [[Taishō]] period (1912–1926), may have produced an early form of modern savory ''okonomiyaki'' in the form of a pancake with [[Worcestershire sauce]] and chopped [[scallion]].<ref name="ono 2009">{{cite book |last=Ono |first=Fujiko (小野藤子) |title=おうちで作る鄉土ごはん |publisher=枻出版社 |year=2009 |isbn=9784777914449 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgbejNUUW9gC&pg=PA95 |access-date=24 September 2016 |archive-date=8 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308045520/https://books.google.com/books?id=EgbejNUUW9gC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live}}, p.95</ref>

==Variations by region==
[[File:Okonomiyaki_006.jpg|thumb|Kansai ''okonomiyaki'' on an iron griddle]]
[[File:Okonomiyaki 007.jpg|thumb|Two Kansai ''okonomiyaki'']]

The dish is known for two distinct main variants, one in Kansai and Osaka and one in Hiroshima.<ref name ="otajoy">{{cite web |url=https://www.otajoy.com/pages/what-is-okonomiyaki |title=Okonomiyaki, an Overview |work=Otajoy.com |access-date=2 March 2017 |archive-date=3 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124432/https://www.otajoy.com/pages/what-is-okonomiyaki |url-status=dead}}</ref> Another variety is ''hirayachi'', a thin and simple type made in Okinawa.<ref name="kyoudo-ryouri">{{cite web |url=http://kyoudo-ryouri.com/en/food/2899.html |title=Hirayachi |publisher=Story of Japanese Local Cuisine |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128140606/http://kyoudo-ryouri.com/en/food/2899.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://food52.com/recipes/82370-best-okonomiyaki-recipe |title=Ivan Orkin's Savory Pancakes (Okonomiyaki) Recipe on Food52 |website=Food52 |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=31 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531081434/https://food52.com/recipes/82370-best-okonomiyaki-recipe |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Kansai area===
''Okonomiyaki'' in the [[Kansai region|Kansai]] or Osaka style is the predominant version of the dish, found throughout most of Japan. The batter is made of flour, grated ''[[Chinese yam|nagaimo]]'' (a long type of [[yam (vegetable)|yam]]), ''[[dashi]]'' or water, eggs, shredded [[cabbage]], and usually contains other ingredients such as green onion, meat (usually thinly sliced pork belly or American bacon), octopus, squid, shrimp, vegetables, [[konjac]], [[mochi]], or cheese.<ref name="heibonsha"/><ref name="natgeo 20150804"/><ref name=Guardian/>

It is sometimes compared to an [[omelette]] or a [[pancake]] and is sometimes referred to as a "Japanese [[pizza]]" or "Osaka [[soul food]]".<ref name=Guardian>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theguardian.com/food/2021/may/12/how-to-make-the-perfect-okonomiyaki-recipe-felicity-cloake |title=How to make the perfect okonomiyaki – recipe &#124; Felicity Cloake's The perfect … |date=12 May 2021 |website=The Guardian |access-date=28 August 2021 |archive-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826233140/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2021/may/12/how-to-make-the-perfect-okonomiyaki-recipe-felicity-cloake |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bbc 20200413"/><ref name="sankei 20161108">{{cite web |url=http://www.sankei.com/premium/news/161108/prm1611080002-n1.html |trans-title=There is no such thing as "Hiroshima-yaki"! NHK "Lunch" corrects telop in "Okonomiyaki love" of the citizens of the prefecture |script-title=ja:「広島焼き」なんてものはない！と抗議 県民の「お好み焼き愛」でＮＨＫ『サラメシ』がテロップ修正 |date=8 November 2016 |work=Sankei.com |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425092811/https://www.sankei.com/premium/news/161108/prm1611080002-n1.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="99japan">{{Cite web |url=https://99japan.com/blogs/news/how-to-make-a-delicious-okonomiyaki |title=99japan |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927032320/https://99japan.com/blogs/news/how-to-make-a-delicious-okonomiyaki |url-status=dead}}</ref> The dish can be prepared in advance, allowing customers to use a ''teppan'' or special hotplates to fry after mixing the ingredients. They may also have a diner-style counter where the cook prepares the dish in front of the customers.<ref name="tut">{{cite web |url=https://savorjapan.com/contents/discover-oishii-japan/how-to-eat-okonomiyaki-in-japan/ |title=How to eat Okonimiyaki in Japan |website=Savor Japan |date=5 June 2020 |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824001332/https://savorjapan.com/contents/discover-oishii-japan/how-to-eat-okonomiyaki-in-japan/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

It is prepared much like a pancake. The batter and other ingredients are pan-fried on both sides on a teppan using metal spatulas that are later used to cut the dish when it has finished cooking. Cooked ''okonomiyaki'' is topped with ingredients that include ''okonomiyaki'' sauce (made with Worcestershire sauce), ''[[aonori]]'' (seaweed flakes), ''[[katsuobushi]]'' (bonito flakes), [[Kewpie (mayonnaise)|Japanese mayonnaise]], and pickled ginger (''[[beni shōga]]'').<ref name="natgeo 20150804"/>

When served with a layer of fried noodles (either ''[[yakisoba]]'' or [[udon]]), the resulting dish is called {{nihongo|''modan-yaki''|モダン焼き}}, the name of which may be derived from the English word "modern" or as a contraction of {{Nihongo||盛りだくさん|mori dakusan}}, meaning "a lot" or "piled high" signifying the volume of food from having both noodles and ''okonomiyaki''. {{nihongo|''Negiyaki''|ねぎ焼き|}} is a thinner variation of ''okonomiyaki'' made with a great deal of scallions, comparable to Korean ''[[pajeon]]'' and Chinese [[Cong you bing|green onion pancake]]s.<ref name="Ok book"/>

A variation called ''kashimin-yaki'' is made of chicken and tallow instead of pork in [[Kishiwada]], Osaka.<ref name="maidonanews 20200914">{{cite web |url=https://maidonanews.jp/article/13722622 |script-title=ja:絶品ローカルお好み焼き！岸和田の「かしみん焼き」ご存知ですか…大阪風「まぜ焼き」とは異なる「のせ焼き」 |trans-title=Exquisite local okonomiyaki! Do you know about Kashiwada's "kashiminyaki"? Differences from Osaka "mazeyaki" and "noseyaki" |language=ja |date=14 September 2020 |author=中将タカノリ |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916050606/https://maidonanews.jp/article/13722622 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Hamamatsu]], [[takuan]] (pickled [[daikon]]) is mixed in okonomiyaki.<ref name="nikkei style 20200702">{{cite web |url=https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXKZO61021080R00C20A7KNTP00/ |script-title=ja:たくあん入れて薄く焼き上げる 浜松の遠州焼き |trans-title=Takuan sprinkled and grilled: Hamamatsu's enshūyaki |date=2 July 2020 |author=新沼大 |publisher=[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Style]] |language=ja |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117011929/https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXKZO61021080R00C20A7KNTP00/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Stewed sweet [[Phaseolus vulgaris|kintoki-mame]] is mixed in okonomiyaki in [[Tokushima Prefecture]].<ref name="nikkei style ">{{cite web |url=https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXKZO80642150Y4A201C1EL1P01/ |script-title=ja:お好み焼きに金時豆 徳島の「豆天玉」 |trans-title=Red kidney beans in Okonomiyaki: Tokushima's mameamadama |date=10 December 2014 |author=上原吉博 |publisher=[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Style]] |language=ja |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824000111/https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXKZO80642150Y4A201C1EL1P01/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Hiroshima area===
[[File:Okonomiyaki_004.jpg|thumb|Hiroshima-style ''okonomiyaki'']]
[[File:Hiroshimayaki(Okonomiyaki).jpg|thumb|Hiroshima-style ''okonomiyaki'']]

In the city of [[Hiroshima]], there are over 2000 okonomiyaki restaurants, and the [[Hiroshima Prefecture|prefecture]] has more of those restaurants per capita than any other place in Japan.<ref name="bbc 20200413"/> {{nihongo|''Issen yōshoku''|一銭洋食||lit. "one-coin Western food"}}, a thin pancake topped with green onions and bonito flakes or shrimp, became popular in Hiroshima prior to World War II. After the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bombing]] of the city in August 1945, ''issen yōshoku'' became a cheap way for the surviving residents to have food to eat.<ref name="bbc 20200413"/> Because the original ingredients were not always easy to obtain, many of the street vendors and shops began making it {{nihongo|"cooked how you like it"|お好み焼き|okonomiyaki}}, using whatever ingredients were available.<ref name="bbc 20200413"/>

[[File:Preparing_okonomiyaki_in_Hiroshima.jpg|thumb|upright|A chef preparing ''okonomiyaki'' in a restaurant in Hiroshima]]
The ingredients are layered rather than mixed.<ref name="natgeo 20150804"/><ref name="bbc 20200413"/> The layers are typically batter, cabbage, pork, and yakisoba. Optional items such as squid, octopus, dried bonito flakes, and other seafood, as well as [[nori]] flakes or powder, [[mung bean sprout]]s, egg, chicken, cheese, and other ingredients, depending on the preferences of the cook and the customer.<ref name="bbc 20200413">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200413-is-hiroshima-the-true-home-of-okonomiyaki |title=Is Hiroshima the true home of okonomiyaki? |date=13 April 2020 |first1=Steve John |last1=Powell |first2=Angeles Marin |last2=Cabello |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823224811/https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200413-is-hiroshima-the-true-home-of-okonomiyaki |url-status=live}}</ref> Noodles (''yakisoba'', udon) are also used as a topping with fried egg and a generous amount of ''okonomiyaki'' sauce.<ref name="japa_Hiro">{{Cite web |title=Hiroshima Okonomiyaki Recipe |work=Japan Centre |access-date=6 August 2021 |url=https://www.japancentre.com/en/recipes/406-hiroshima-okonomiyaki |archive-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404030518/https://www.japancentre.com/en/recipes/406-hiroshima-okonomiyaki |url-status=live}}</ref>

The amount of cabbage used is usually three to four times the amount used in the Osaka style.<ref name="okonomi world"/><ref name="Ok book">{{Cite book |title=Okonomiyaki |author= |date=August 2012 |publisher=Trafford |isbn=9781466908147 |access-date=6 August 2021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLXxWrMiVB0C |quote= |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806124521/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Okonomiyaki/vLXxWrMiVB0C?hl=en&gbpv=0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="natgeo 20150804"/> It starts out piled very high and is pushed down as the cabbage cooks.<ref name="natgeo 20150804"/> The order of the layers may vary slightly depending on the chef's style and preference, and ingredients vary depending on the preference of the customer. This style is also called ''Hiroshima-yaki'' or ''Hiroshima-okonomi''.<ref name="tut"/>

In and around the Hiroshima area, there are a number of variations on the style. {{nihongo|''Fuchuyaki''|府中焼き|fuchūyaki}} is made with ground meat instead of pork belly in [[Fuchū, Hiroshima]].<ref name="asahi 20201210">{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi.com/area/tokyo/articles/MTW20201210131740006.html |script-title=ja:広島県・府中市 府中焼き 店長は元力士 |trans-title=Hiroshima Prefecture - Fuchū City Fuchūyaki shop managers are the foundation of sumo wrestler |date=10 December 2020 |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun|Asahi Shimbun Digital]] |access-date=23 August 2021 |language=ja |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823190859/http://www.asahi.com/area/tokyo/articles/MTW20201210131740006.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Oysters (''kaki'') are mixed in okonomiyaki to make ''kaki-oko'' in [[Hinase, Okayama]].<ref name="asahi 20190214">{{cite web |url=https://www.asahi.com:443/articles/ASM1Z64MQM1ZPPZB00L.html |script-title=ja:谷口茉妃菜さん「決定的瞬間撮る！」 その時カキオコは |trans-title=Ms. Mahina Taniguchi "Recording the crucial moment!" of that kakioko time |date=14 February 2019 |first=Miyuki |last=Kanno |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun|Asahi Shimbun Digital]] |language=ja |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823200202/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM1Z64MQM1ZPPZB00L.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On the island of [[Innoshima, Hiroshima|Innoshima]], a variety called {{nihongo|''Innoshima okonomiyaki''|因島お好み焼き|}} (or {{nihongo|''in'oko''|いんおこ|}} for short) includes [[udon]], bonito flakes, Worcestershire sauce, and vegetables fried with uncooked batter.<ref name="ij 20100829">{{cite journal |url=http://www.sanwadock.co.jp/diary/ij.html |script-title=ja:いんおこ巡礼 |trans-title=In'oko Pilgrimage |date=29 August 2010 |journal=IJ (Inoshima Japan) |publisher=Sanwadock |language=ja |access-date=23 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605103706/http://www.sanwadock.co.jp/diary/ij.html }}</ref> Together with "Onomichiyaki", in'oko is considered a B-class gourmet food along the [[Shimanami Kaidō]].<ref name="asahi 20101021">{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi.com/kansai/travel/news/OSK201010210006_01.html |script-title=ja:焼豚玉子飯、いんおこ…しまなみ海道、Ｂ級グルメで活気 |trans-title= |date=21 October 2010 |author1=寺門充 |author2=広津興一 |publisher=[[Asahi Shimbun|Asahi Shimbun Digital]] |language=ja |access-date=23 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101042406/http://www.asahi.com/kansai/travel/news/OSK201010210006_01.html }}</ref> There is a restaurant in Hiroshima where customers can order jalapeños, tortilla chips, chorizo, and other Latin American items either in—or as a side dish to—okonomiyaki.<ref name="natgeo 20150804"/>

Otafuku, one of the most popular brands of okonomiyaki sauce, is based in Hiroshima and has an okonomiyaki museum and a cooking studio there.<ref name="bbc 20200413"/> [[Okonomi-mura]], in [[Naka-ku, Hiroshima|Naka-ku]] in Hiroshima, was the top [[food theme park]] destination for families in Japan according to an April 2004 poll.<ref name="home-tv">{{cite web |url=http://www.home-tv.co.jp/jstation/news/2004_2.html |script-title=ja:「お好み村」が家族で行ってみたいフードテーマパークで1位に！ |trans-title="Okonomi-mura" the #1 food theme park families want to visit! |date=3 May 2004 |publisher=[[Hiroshima Home Television]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721202419/http://www.home-tv.co.jp/jstation/news/2004_2.html |archive-date=21 July 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ushida paper">{{cite web |url=http://www.jiu.ac.jp/books/bulletin/2007/tour/07_ushida.pdf |script-title=ja:観光地における飲食業 |trans-title=The food and drink industry in sightseeing areas |author=牛田泰正 (Yasumasa Uchida) |language=ja |date=Spring 2007 |page=50 |access-date=11 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727081208/http://www.jiu.ac.jp/books/bulletin/2007/tour/07_ushida.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Okinawa===
''Hirayachi'' ({{langx|ryu|ヒラヤーチー}} ''hirayaachii'') is a thin, very simple [[Okinawan cuisine|Okinawan]] pancake-like dish similar to [[buchimgae]]. It is basically "a savory Okinawan crepe with leeks",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.okinawa.com/blog/research/recipes-food/goya-champuru-hiraya-chi |title=Goya Champuru & Hiraya-chi |date=4 April 2007 |author=Marty |publisher=Okinawa.com |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823183832/https://www.okinawa.com/blog/research/recipes-food/goya-champuru-hiraya-chi |url-status=live}}</ref> and is sometimes called "Okinawan style okonomiyaki". The name means "fry flat" in the Okinawan language.<ref name="onookinawa">{{cite web |url=https://www.onookinawa.com/2016/06/03/hirayachi-%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%84%E3%81%A1/ |title=Hirayachi: ヒラヤーチー |date=3 June 2016 |publisher=Ono Okinawa |access-date=23 August 2021 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117214148/https://www.onookinawa.com/2016/06/03/hirayachi-%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%84%E3%81%A1/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

People cook it at home, so there are few ''okonomiyaki'' restaurants in Okinawa, with none of them serving hirayachi.<ref name="okinawa2go">{{Cite web |url=http://en.okinawa2go.jp/u/gourmet/1g8p1vfmu6f6vg |title=Okinawan well-known emergency food called Hiraya-ch |access-date=22 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503090658/http://en.okinawa2go.jp/u/gourmet/1g8p1vfmu6f6vg |archive-date=3 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The ingredients consist of [[Egg (food)|eggs]], [[flour]], [[salt]], [[black pepper]] and green onions, fried with a little oil in a pan.<ref name="onookinawa"/>

===Other areas===
The [[Tsukishima]] district of Tokyo is popular for both ''okonomiyaki'' and ''monjayaki'' (the district's main street is named "Monja Street").<ref name="mike_Food">{{Cite web |title=Food for Thought - Okonomiyaki - Monjayaki - Tsukishima |last=Beddall |first=Michael |work=mikesblender.com |access-date=6 August 2021 |url=http://www.mikesblender.com/indexblog90.htm |archive-date=14 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714092407/http://www.mikesblender.com/indexblog90.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> In some areas of Kyoto city, an old-style ''okonomiyaki'' called ''betayaki'' (べた焼き) is served. The dish is prepared in layers of thin batter, shredded cabbage and meat, with a fried egg and noodles.<ref name="poor traveler 201308">{{cite web |title=Donguri Okonomiyaki Dining in Kyoto, Japan: Okonomiyaki vs Betayaki vs Negiyaki |date=20 August 2013 |url=https://www.thepoortraveler.net/2013/08/where-to-eat-cheap-in-kyoto-japan-donguri-okonomiyaki-restaurant-review/ |publisher=The Poor Traveller |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128191323/https://www.thepoortraveler.net/2013/08/where-to-eat-cheap-in-kyoto-japan-donguri-okonomiyaki-restaurant-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Okonomiyaki'' is popular streetfare in cities including [[Manila]], [[Taipei]], [[Bangkok]], and [[Jakarta]].<ref name="kompas lifestyle 20110210">{{Cite news |url=https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2011/02/10/18504197/okonomiyaki.merambah.kaki.lima |title=Okonomiyaki Merambah Kaki Lima |publisher=Kompas Cyber Media |date=10 February 2011 |access-date=15 September 2018 |language=id |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915160237/https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2011/02/10/18504197/okonomiyaki.merambah.kaki.lima |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Jeon (food)|''Jeon''}}
* {{annotated link|Buchimgae|''Buchimgae''}}
* [[Jianbing]]
* {{annotated link|Pannenkoek}}
* {{annotated link|Takoyaki|''Takoyaki''}}
* [[Uttapam]]
* [[Pesarattu]]
* {{annotated link|Murtabak|''Murtabak''}}
* {{Portal inline|Food}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Heibonsha |title=世界百科事典 (Sekai hyakka jiten) |year=1964}} (World Encyclopedia, in Japanese).
* {{cite book |last=Kumakura |first=Isao (熊倉功夫) |title=Nihon ryori no rekishi (日本料理の歴史) |publisher=Yoshikawa Kobunkan (吉川弘文館) |year=2007}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links
 |wikt=お好み焼き
 |commonscat=yes
 |cookbook=yes
 |n=no |q=no |s=no |b= |v=no 
}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124432/https://www.otajoy.com/pages/what-is-okonomiyaki What is Okonomiyaki? - Okonomiyaki, an Overview.] The history of Okonomiyaki and Okonomiyaki sauce in Hiroshima.
*[http://www.japan-guide.com/r/e100.html "As-you-like-it Pancake"]{{spaced ndash}} Okonomiyaki; what it is, how to cook it, and a sample recipe.

{{Japanese food and drink|state=autocollapse}}
{{Pancakes}}
{{Bread}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Culture in Hiroshima Prefecture]]
[[Category:Culture in Osaka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Japanese cuisine]]
[[Category:Okinawan cuisine]]
[[Category:Pancakes]]
[[Category:Table-cooked dishes]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hiroshima Prefecture]]