Editing Offshore Patrol

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=Off Shore Patrol
|image=
|caption=
|dates=February 9, 1939 &ndash; June 30, 1946
|country={{flagcountry|Philippine Commonwealth|1936}}
|branch= [[United States Army Forces in the Far East]]
|type=
|role=
|size=60+ personnel
5 [[PT boats|Q-boats]] 
|command_structure=[[United States Department of War]] (1941)
|garrison=Muelle del Codo, Port Area, [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
|garrison_label=Headquarters
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|nickname=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|battles=[[World War II]]<br/>* [[Battle of Bataan]]<br/>* [[Battle of Corregidor]] 
|anniversaries=February 9, 1939
|decorations=[[File:Streamer PUC Army.PNG|225px]][[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation (US)]] <br/>[[File:Presidential_Unit_Citation_(Philippines)_Streamer.png|225px]] Presidential Unit Citation (PH)
|battle_honours=
|website=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=Col. [[Enrique Jurado|Enrique L. Jurado]] (1941-1944)
|commander1_label=Flag Officer in-Command
|commander2=Col. [[Jose V. Andrada]] (1945-1946)
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|commander4=
|commander4_label=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=
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}}

{{Military unit sidebar
 | title = WWII Philippine Army Divisions
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The '''Offshore Patrol''' ('''OSP''') also known as the '''Mosquito Fleet''' was a small naval branch of the [[United States Army]], intended for [[Littoral zone|inshore]] defense of the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]]. It was active from February 9, 1939 to June 30, 1946. The OSP became part of the [[United States Army Forces in the Far East]] (USAFFE) on July 26, 1941, with General [[Douglas MacArthur]] as Commander. During the [[Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|Japanese invasion of the Philippines]], the Patrol engaged in limited naval operations along the coastlines of [[Bataan]] and [[Corregidor]], against the tight enemy blockade, to bring much-needed provisions to the beleaguered Filipino and American troops during the [[Battle of Bataan|battle]]. Undaunted by enemy superiority, the ubiquitous patrol boats fought with zeal, courage and heroism, hitting Japanese warships with torpedoes when given the opportunity. The unit relied on speed and surprise to attack larger vessels at close range.

During the course of the war, the unit was cited for gallantry by General MacArthur for actions against three of nine Japanese dive bombers going to attack shore installations in Bataan.

After World War II, the OSP continued until June 30, 1946, dissolving concurrently with the USAFFE in the lead-up to the [[Independence Day (Philippines)|Philippines's independence]].  The OSP was transformed into the Philippine Naval Patrol (PNP).  This small unit was the first independent Philippine naval force that fully understood the doctrine of naval warfare.  The OSP's veterans eventually became the nucleus that shaped the beginnings of the modern [[Philippine Navy]].

== History ==
[[File:Ang Base ng Patrulyang Pambaybayin 1939 NHCP Historical Marker.png|thumb|left|Historical marker unveiled in 1976 and located at the Port Area district of Manila]] 

The OSP was called for by the [[Philippine National Assembly]] in its [[National Defense Act of 1935]] that Offshore Patrol on 11 January 1936. Its guidelines were defined by Executive Order No. 11 as follows: <blockquote>"The Off-Shore Patrol shall comprise all marine equipment and personnel acquired by the Philippine Government and assigned either in peace or war to the control of the [[Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines|Chief of Staff]] (PA). It shall have such duties and powers as may be described by the Chief of Staff, PA."<ref name=Q-boats/></blockquote>

This act called for the creation, by 1946, of a force of thirty-six fast [[PT boat|torpedo boats]] (PT) as part of the [[Philippine Army]]. These were to be British-designed torpedo boats, with a speed of forty-one knots; they were to be armed with two torpedo tubes and built by British shipbuilders.<ref>{{citation |last=Morton |first=Louis |chapter=Chapter I: The Philippine Islands |volume=Part One: Prewar Plans and Preparations |series=United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific |title=The Fall of the Philippines |page=11}}</ref>  Only two of the boats were delivered by 1939, at which point the war in Europe curtailed any further supply.  By October 1941, a third torpedo boat had been assembled locally. The squadron was attached to [[United States Army Forces in the Far East]] (USAFFE), which had assumed overall control of military forces in the Philippines; and added two additional patrol boats (non-torpedo).

The first commanding OSP officer was Major Rafael Ramos, a [[Philippine Nautical School]] (PNS) graduate known to Philippine President [[Manuel L. Quezon]] on April 15, 1938.  Ramos was the first chief to start recruiting OSP personnel. In June 1938, he was relieved by Captain Jose V. Andrada, a [[United States Naval Academy]] graduate (Class of 1930), who originally assisted Ramos but was determined to be better qualified. Major Ramos was sent to the United States to study at [[Quartermaster Center and School|Quartermaster School]].<ref name=Q-boats>Alcaraz, Ramon, [https://www.questia.com/article/1P3-340682641/q-boats-heroes-of-the-off-shore-patrol "The Untold Saga of the Philippine Army's PT Boats"], Q-Boats: Heroes of the Off-Shore Patrol, Sea Classics, Vol. 36, Issue 7, July 2003, Retrieved February 13, 2016.</ref> He was supported by other Annapolis graduates, among them:  Lt. Alfredo Pecson (USNA 1933) as Executive Officer, Lt. Rafael Pargas (USNA 1935), and Lt. Marcelo Castillo (USNA 1938).  The OSP was later joined by Lt. Enrique L. Jurado (USNA 1934) as Base Commander, and Lt. Carlos Albert (USNA 1938) as instructors.<ref name=Ramos>Ramos, Fidel V., [http://www.mb.com.ph/enhancing-security-the-philippine-american-memorial/#6gqXx8DAQ6qIMJKH.99 "Enhancing security: The Philippine-American Memorial"], Manila Bulletin, July 12, 2014, Retrieved February 14, 2016.</ref>

Shortly after his appointment, Capt. Andrada announced his volunteer recruiting program and began personally interviewing interested candidates. By the end of 1938, [[United States Naval Academy|USNA]] graduates: Lt. Alfredo Peckson (1933), Lt. Marcelo Castillo (1938); [[Philippine Military Academy|PMA]] graduates: Lieutenants Nestor Reinoso (1934), Alberto Navarette (1935), Simeon Castro (1935), Juan Maglayan (1937), Alfonso Palencia (1938), Santiago Nuval (1938), [[Emilio S. Liwanag|Emilio Liwanag]] (1938), nine officers, and twenty-five enlisted men had joined the OSP. They were all trained on seamanship, navigation and gunnery in sessions that were conducted with the USNA graduates as instructors at OSP headquarters in Muelle del Codo, Port Area, Manila.  On February 9, 1939, the first OSP class graduated; Capt. Andrada marked it as the birth date of the Offshore Patrol.<ref name=Q-boats/>

On December 4, 1941, Captain [[Enrique L. “Henry” Jurado]] (1911 &ndash; Oct. 19, 1944), a [[United States Naval Academy|USNA]] graduate (Class of '34), became the officer-in-command of the OSP, just before the [[Pearl Harbor attack]].<ref>[https://www.usna.com/SSLPage.aspx?pid=5625  "1934: Wartime Patrol"], U.S. Naval Academy: Alumni Association & Foundation, 1999. Retrieved October 8, 2011.</ref><ref name=expendable>[https://bataancampaign.wordpress.com/2014/02/22/they-were-expendable-too-the-torpedo-boats-of-the-off-shore-patrol/ "They were Expendable Too: The Torpedo Boats of the Offshore Patrol"], The Bataan Campaign, February 17, 2014, Retrieved February 9, 2016.</ref> Jurado took over as OSP Commander as Capt. Andrada became Commander of the Coast Artillery Battalion, [[Fort Wint]], [[Corregidor]].<ref name=Ramos/>

The OSP was a close-knit unit composed of men in their late teens or twenties, more than sixty men overall. They were divided into two main groups: shore and sea duty.<ref name=Wartime>Jurado, Gene, Page 7,[http://www.orosa.org/WARTIME%20PATROL1941-3.pdf Wartime Coastal Patrol - December 1941], Oroso Family Website, June 24, 2008, Retrieved August 5, 2011.</ref>

== Offshore Patrol torpedo boat designs ==

The PT-boats of the Offshore Patrol were to be {{convert|65|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|long}}, with a {{convert|13|ft|m|adj=on}} beam.  They were to have three 12-cylinder engines, and a speed of {{convert|41|kn}}.  Their armament was to consist of two 21in (533&nbsp;mm) torpedo, [[depth charge]]s, and light [[antiaircraft gun]]s.<ref name=navy>Morton, Louis. The War in the Pacific: Fall of the Philippines. 1953. Washington D.C.: Government Printing House, Retrieved 2012-08-13.</ref>

[[Office of the Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government (Philippines)|US Military Advisor]] to the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]] General [[Douglas MacArthur]] states, "A small fleet of such vessels will have distinct effect in compelling any hostile force to approach cautiously."<ref name=navy />

== Torpedo and patrol boats of the Offshore Patrol ==
The Offshore Patrol craft were berthed at "Muele del Codo" ([[List of islands in the Greater Manila Area#List of islands|Engineer Island]]) in [[Manila]]'s [[Port Area, Manila|Port Area]].<ref name=expendable/>  During the [[Battle of Bataan|Japanese campaign against Bataan]] they operated out of Sisiman Bay.<ref group=note>"Sisiman Cove" in U.S. Naval references of the time, but now geographically known as [http://mapcarta.com/15717714 "Sisiman Bay"] just to the east of Mariveles. {{coord|14.425485|N|120.526927|E|}}</ref>  The American navy PT boats, [[Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three]], under [[John D. Bulkeley|Lt. Bulkeley]] were also in the same bay but alongside the requisitioned tug [[Trabajador (1931)|''Trabajador'']] serving as a tender.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/t7/trabajador.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040505072828/http://history.navy.mil/danfs/t7/trabajador.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 5, 2004 |title=Trabajador |author=Naval History And Heritage Command |date= |work=Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships |publisher=Naval History And Heritage Command |accessdate=20 December 2013}}</ref>
The squadron consisted of five boats:
*3 Torpedo boats
** PT ''[[Patrol torpedo boat Q-111 Luzon|Q-111 Luzon]]'' - commanded by Captain Alberto Navarette
** PT ''[[Patrol torpedo boat Q-112|Q-112 Abra]]'' - Lieutenant [[Ramon A. Alcaraz]]
** PT ''Q-113 Agusan'' - Lieutenant Santiago Nuval
*2 Motor launches put into service at Bataan.
** PB Q-114 ''Danday''  - Lieutenant Abraham Campo
** PB [[BRP Banahaw (1908)#History of her launch Baler|''Q-115 Baler'']] - Lieutenant Carlos Albert

== See also ==
* [[Military History of the Philippines]]
* [[United States Asiatic Fleet]]

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080403021636/http://www.navy.mil.ph/ Philippine Navy Official Web Site]

[[Category:Military history of the Philippines during World War II]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Philippine Army in World War II]]
[[Category:Naval units and formations]]
[[Category:Commonwealth of the Philippines]]