Editing Nyssa, Oregon

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Nyssa, Oregon
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = [[Thunderegg]] Capital of the World
|motto                    = Gateway to the Oregon Trail
|image_skyline            = Oregon Trail Agriculture Museum - Nyssa Oregon.jpg
|imagesize                = 260px
|image_caption            = Oregon Trail Agriculture Museum in Nyssa
|image_map = Malheur_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Nyssa_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oregon]]
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oregon]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Malheur County, Oregon|Malheur]]
<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = 
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1903
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.55
|area_total_km2           = 4.01
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.55
|area_land_km2            = 4.01
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total         = 3198
|population_density_km2   = 796.84
|population_density_sq_mi = 2063.23
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]]
|utc_offset               = -7
|timezone_DST             = Mountain
|utc_offset_DST           = -6
|coordinates              = {{coord|43|52|45|N|116|59|49|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m              = 668
|elevation_ft             = 2192
<!-- Area/postal codes and others -->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 97913
|area_code                = [[Area code 541|541]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 41-53750<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2411286<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2411286}}</ref>
|website                  = [http://www.nyssacity.org www.nyssacity.org]
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Nyssa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɪ|s|ə}} {{respell|NISS|ə}}) is a city in [[Malheur County, Oregon|Malheur County]], [[Oregon]], United States. The population was 3,267 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. The city is located along the [[Snake River]] on the [[Idaho]] border, in the region of far eastern Oregon known as the "[[Treasure Valley]]".  It is part of the [[Ontario, Oregon|Ontario]], OR&ndash;ID [[Ontario micropolitan area|Micropolitan Statistical Area]].

The primary industry in the region is [[agriculture]], including the cultivation of [[Russet Burbank potato|Russet potato]]es, [[sugar beet]]s, [[onion]]s, [[Maize|corn]], flower seed, [[mentha|mint]], and [[wheat]]. The city's economy relies on the surrounding agricultural area with its several large onion and potato packaging plants.

==History==
The area surrounding the city was originally inhabited by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. Northern [[Northern Paiute|Paiute]] and [[Cayuse people|Cayuse]] frequented the area but had difficulty living in the relatively harsh climate. The original [[Fort Boise]], established in the 1830s, is nearby to the southeast. The city was originally a shipping center for sheep and stock on the [[Union Pacific]]'s main trunk line.

Experiments with growing [[sugar beet]]s were begun in 1935 by R. H. Tallman, the Idaho district manager of the [[Amalgamated Sugar Company]].<ref name="bachman">{{cite book|last=Bachman|first=J. R.|title=Story of the Amalgamated Sugar Company, 1897-1961|publisher=[[Caxton Printers]]|location=[[Caldwell, Idaho]]|year=1962|oclc=18047844}}</ref> Successful yields led to the first Amalgamated-designed and built factory, which began operation on October 9, 1938.<ref name="bachman" /> The factory was located at {{Coord|43.875298|-116.990629}}, on both the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] lines and along [[U.S. Route 20 in Oregon|U.S. Route 20]].<ref name="bachman" />

[[Image:Amalgamated Sugar Co. plant, Nyssa, OR.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Sugar beet plant of the Amalgamated Sugar Company in Nyssa]]
In 1942, during [[World War II]], Japanese Americans who had been [[Internment of Japanese Americans|removed]] from their West Coast homes worked in a farm labor camp outside Nyssa. Most of these internees came from the [[Portland Metropolitan Exposition Center#History|Portland Assembly Center]] and had volunteered to work in the [[Farm Security Administration]] camp to avoid incarceration. The camp consisted of approximately 100 canvas tents, each containing a wood stove and a bare light bulb, as well as laundry and bathroom facilities and one public tent used for meetings, dances and church services. Although the facilities were not fenced in and the laborers were trucked into Nyssa once a week for recreation and shopping, Japanese Americans were subject to a curfew and were not permitted to leave the camp without an escort. A total of some 400 men, women and children worked in the Nyssa camp, with a peak population of about 350. In November 1942, the tents being insufficient to keep out the winter cold, the camp was closed and most of the laborers moved to other FSA camps or private farms, or found employment and remained in Eastern Oregon (outside of the "exclusion zone" from which Japanese Americans were denied entry).<ref>Young, Morgen. [http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Nyssa,%20Oregon%20%28detention%20facility%29/ "Nyssa, Oregon (detention facility)"] ''Densho Encyclopedia'' (accessed June 17, 2014).</ref>

Near the end of the war, a branch camp for [[Germans|German]] and [[Italians|Italian]] [[prisoners of war]] from [[Camp Rupert]], near [[Buhl, Idaho]], was established.<ref name="jaehn">{{cite journal|last=Jaehn|first=Tomas|date=August 2000|title=Unlikely Harvesters: German Prisoners of War as Agricultural Workers in the Northwest|journal=Montana: The Magazine of Western History|publisher=[[Montana Historical Society]]|volume=50|issue=3|pages=46–57|jstor=4520253}}</ref> Those POWs helped with the sugar beet industry, typically through [[thinning]] and harvesting.<ref name="jaehn"/>

From 1936 until 2005, the Amalgamated Sugar Company (White Satin brand) owned and operated a sugar-processing plant that served as the city's main source of commerce. The closing of the plant resulted in the loss of 600 seasonal jobs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nyssa feels bare without bustle of beets|last=Cockle|first=Richard|date=October 30, 2005|work=[[The Oregonian]]|pages=C04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=SWEET ON SUGAR BEETS|last=Cockle|first=Richard|date=January 25, 2001|work=[[The Oregonian]]|pages=D02}}</ref> The Nyssa plant just a few years previously had produced more sugar than anywhere else for Amalgamated Sugar.  To date the plant has been stripped of everything except the brown sugar line.  The mechanic shop is still running.  Beets are shipped to [[Nampa, Idaho]]. Nyssa also had a greenhouse and testing facilities which were later moved to [[Twin Falls, Idaho|Twin Falls]].

[[File:Nyssa Aerial.jpg|thumb|Nyssa looking east with the Snake River and Idaho visible in the background.]]

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.55|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 21, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=July 2, 2012}}</ref>

==Climate==
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Nyssa has a [[semi-arid climate]], abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=971653&cityname=Nyssa%2C+Oregon%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Nyssa, Oregon]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Nyssa, Oregon, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–2020
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 64
|Feb record high F = 68
|Mar record high F = 82
|Apr record high F = 92
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 108
|Jul record high F = 109
|Aug record high F = 106
|Sep record high F = 100
|Oct record high F = 92
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 67

|Jan avg record high F = 50.7
|Feb avg record high F = 59.2
|Mar avg record high F = 70.5
|Apr avg record high F = 79.9
|May avg record high F = 89.7
|Jun avg record high F = 97.0
|Jul avg record high F = 102.6
|Aug avg record high F = 100.7
|Sep avg record high F = 93.7
|Oct avg record high F = 82.2
|Nov avg record high F = 64.3
|Dec avg record high F = 54.4
|year avg record high F = 103.2

|Jan high F = 35.4
|Feb high F = 44.2
|Mar high F = 54.9
|Apr high F = 62.7
|May high F = 71.9
|Jun high F = 80.5
|Jul high F = 90.9
|Aug high F = 89.2
|Sep high F = 78.7
|Oct high F = 64.2
|Nov high F = 46.6
|Dec high F = 36.3
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 29.8
|Feb mean F = 35.8
|Mar mean F = 44.3
|Apr mean F = 50.7
|May mean F = 59.9
|Jun mean F = 67.5
|Jul mean F = 76.6
|Aug mean F = 74.1
|Sep mean F = 64.0
|Oct mean F = 50.9
|Nov mean F = 38.1
|Dec mean F = 30.2
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 24.2
|Feb low F = 27.4
|Mar low F = 33.7
|Apr low F = 38.6
|May low F = 47.9
|Jun low F = 54.5
|Jul low F = 62.3
|Aug low F = 59.1
|Sep low F = 49.4
|Oct low F = 37.7
|Nov low F = 29.5
|Dec low F = 24.1
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 8.5
|Feb avg record low F = 16.0
|Mar avg record low F = 22.1
|Apr avg record low F = 27.9
|May avg record low F = 34.6
|Jun avg record low F = 41.3
|Jul avg record low F = 50.0
|Aug avg record low F = 47.0
|Sep avg record low F = 37.7
|Oct avg record low F = 26.2
|Nov avg record low F = 15.2
|Dec avg record low F = 9.5
|year avg record low F = 3.1

|Jan record low F = -19
|Feb record low F = -18
|Mar record low F = 10
|Apr record low F = 20
|May record low F = 24
|Jun record low F = 29
|Jul record low F = 35
|Aug record low F = 37
|Sep record low F = 28
|Oct record low F = 13
|Nov record low F = -1
|Dec record low F = -18

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.38
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.79
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.92
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.99
|May precipitation inch = 1.15
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.72
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.25
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.16
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.54
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.81
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.02
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.42
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 8.0
|Feb precipitation days = 6.1
|Mar precipitation days = 8.1
|Apr precipitation days = 7.0
|May precipitation days = 6.9
|Jun precipitation days = 4.8
|Jul precipitation days = 1.7
|Aug precipitation days = 1.3
|Sep precipitation days = 2.7
|Oct precipitation days = 5.0
|Nov precipitation days = 7.5
|Dec precipitation days = 8.9
|year precipitation days = 68.0

|Jan snow inch = 3.3
|Feb snow inch = 1.2
|Mar snow inch = 0.2
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.8
|Dec snow inch = 2.8
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.2
|Feb snow days = 1.1
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 2.6

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00356179&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Nyssa, OR
|access-date = June 16, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=boi
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Boise
|access-date = June 16, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 449
|1920= 563
|1930= 821
|1940= 1855
|1950= 2525
|1960= 2611
|1970= 2620
|1980= 2862
|1990= 2629
|2000= 3163
|2010= 3267
|2020= 3198
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 3,267 people, 1,051 households, and 758 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2107.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,153 housing units at an average density of {{convert|743.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 63.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.7% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 30.9% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.8% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 60.5% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 21, 2012}}</ref>

There were 1,051 households, of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.9% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.71.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 30.1 years. 34.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 19.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Education==
The community is in Nyssa School District 26.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41045_malheur/DC20SD_C41045.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Malheur County, OR|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2022-07-15}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[John Bates (American football)|John Bates]], football player
* [[Eva Castellanoz]], artist, activist, educator
* [[Leo Long]], athlete

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.nyssacity.org City of Nyssa] (official website)
* [https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/l-r/nyssa.aspx Entry for Nyssa] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''

{{Malheur County, Oregon}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Nyssa, Oregon| ]]
[[Category:Ontario, Oregon micropolitan area]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1903]]
[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Malheur County, Oregon]]