Editing Novodevichy Cemetery

{{Short description|Cemetery in Moscow, Russia}}
{{For|the cemetery in St. Petersburg|Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)}}
{{Infobox cemetery
|name              = Novodevichy Cemetery
|native_name = Новодевичье кладбище
|image             = Novodevichy Cemetery propylaea.jpg
|imagesize         = 260px
|caption           = 
|map_type          = 
|map_size          = 
|map_caption       = 
|established       = 1898
|location          = [[Moscow]]
|country           = [[Russia]]
|coordinates       = {{coord|55|43|29|N|37|33|15|E|region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|type              = 
|style             = 
|owner             = 
|size              = {{Convert|7.5|ha|acres}}
|graves            = 
|interments        = 26,000
|website           = 
|findagrave1       = 
|findagrave1_label = 
|findagrave2       = 
|findagrave2_label = 
|political         = 
|closed            = 
}}
[[File:00 novodevichy wall.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|The cemetery wall is used as a [[columbarium]].]]
'''Novodevichy Cemetery''' ({{langx|ru|Новодевичье кладбище|Novodevichye kladbishche}}) is a cemetery in [[Moscow]]. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century [[Novodevichy Convent]], which is the city's third most popular tourist site.<ref name="Moscow Guide">{{cite book|last=Vorhees|first=Mara|author2=Ryan Ver Berkmoes |title=Lonely Planet Moscow|publisher=Lonely Planet| date=2003|page=256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INb_KUWwigIC&pg=PA116|isbn=1864503599}}</ref>

== History ==
The cemetery was designed by [[Ivan Mashkov]] and inaugurated in 1898.<ref name=pass>{{cite news|title=Novodevichy Cemetery|url=http://www.passportmagazine.ru/article/1099/|access-date=12 September 2013|newspaper=Passport Magazine|date=April 2008}}</ref> Its importance dates from the 1930s, when the necropolises of the medieval Muscovite monasteries ([[Simonov Monastery|Simonov]], [[Danilov Monastery|Danilov]], [[Donskoy Monastery|Donskoy]]) were scheduled for demolition. Only the Donskoy survived the [[Joseph Stalin]] era relatively intact. The remains of many famous Russians buried in other abbeys, such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Sergey Aksakov]], were disinterred and reburied at the Novodevichy.

A 19th-century necropolis within the walls of the Novodevichy convent, which contained the graves of about 2000 Russian noblemen and university professors, also underwent reconstruction. The vast majority of graves were destroyed. It was at that time that the remains of [[Anton Chekhov]] were moved outside the monastery walls. His grave served as the kernel of the so-called "cherry orchard" – a section of the cemetery which contains the graves of [[Konstantin Stanislavski]] and the leading actors of his company.

== Interments ==
{{Main|Burials at the Novodevichy Cemetery}}
During the [[Soviet Union]], burial in the Novodevichy Cemetery was second in prestige only to burial in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} Among the Soviet leaders, [[Nikita Khrushchev]] and [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] would be buried there.<ref name=laidtorest>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-mikhail-gorbachev-soviet-union-5d4fa7856a597b7ff912021ab206164f|title=Gorbachev buried in Moscow in funeral snubbed by Putin|first1=Jim|last1=Heintz|publisher=Associated Press|date=3 September 2022|accessdate=3 September 2022}}</ref> Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Kremlin Wall is no longer used for burials and the Novodevichy Cemetery is used for only the most symbolically significant burials. In 1997, former premier [[Nikolai Tikhonov]] was buried in the cemetery at state expense (since he didn't have any money of his own).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Министр СССР: о реформах Брежнев говорил — "не дергайте людей, дайте людям отдохнуть"|url=https://tass.ru/interviews/3883597|access-date=2021-03-30|website=ТАСС}}</ref> In April 2007, within one week both the first [[President of Russia|President of the Russian Federation]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and cellist [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] were buried there.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/30/world/europe/30rostropovich.html|title=Rostropovich Is Laid to Rest Near Another Russian Titan|first=Sophia|last=Kishkovsky|work=New York Times|date=April 30, 2007|accessdate=September 3, 2022}}</ref>

Today, the cemetery holds the tombs of Russian authors, musicians, playwrights, and poets, as well as famous actors, political leaders, and scientists.<ref name="Jewish Search">{{cite book|last=Roskies|first=David G.|title=The Jewish search for a usable past|publisher =Indiana University Press|date=1999|page=217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebMvIU5XJxQC&pg=PA144|isbn=978-0-253-33505-0}}</ref><ref name="Brooke">{{cite book  | last =Brooke  | first =Caroline  |  title =Moscow: a cultural history|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2006|page =268|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-Fz-xAHVSoC&pg=PA118|isbn=978-0-19-530952-2}}</ref> More than 27,000 are buried at Novodevichy. There is scant space for more burials. [[Federal Military Memorial Cemetery|A new national cemetery]] is under construction in [[Mytishchi]] north of Moscow. Notable burials include [[Dmitry Shostakovich]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]] and [[Anton Chekhov]].<ref name=laidtorest />

The cemetery has a park-like ambience, dotted with small chapels and large sculpted monuments. It is divided into the old (Divisions 1–4), new (Divisions 5–8) and newest (Divisions 9–11) sections; maps are available at the cemetery office.<ref name="Frommer">
{{cite book|last=Gilbert|first=Hillary|title=Frommer's Moscow Day by Day|publisher=Frommer's|date =2009|pages=192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aF6V0lFPut0C&pg=PT23|isbn=978-0-470-72304-3}}</ref>

==Monuments==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:BorisYeltsinMemorial.JPG|[[Boris Yeltsin]]
File:Bulgakow Grab.JPG|[[Mikhail Bulgakov]]
File:Novodevicij Cemetery Anton Chekhov.JPG|[[Anton Chekhov]]
File:Post-2009 gravesite of Nikolai Gogol in Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow, Russia.jpg|[[Nikolai Gogol]]
File:A grave of Dmitry Shostakovichi.jpg|[[Dmitri Shostakovich]]
File:Grave of Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev.jpg|[[Sergei Prokofiev]] and his wife [[Mira Mendelson]]
File:V Majakovskij.jpg|[[Vladimir Mayakovsky]]
File:02 serov.JPG|[[Valentin Serov]]
File:Эйзенштейн.jpg|[[Sergei Eisenstein]]
File:Могила композитора Бориса Александрова.JPG|[[Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov]]
File:Tumba de Aleksandr Rodímtsev y su esposa.jpg|[[Alexander Rodimtsev]]
File:Tumba de Iván Petrov.jpg|[[Ivan Yefimovich Petrov]]
File:Надгробие на могиле Кирилла Семёновича Москаленко.jpg|[[Kirill Moskalenko]]
File:Ilya Ehrenburg grave.JPG|[[Ilya Ehrenburg]]
File:Nadezhda Alliluyeva Tomb 20160930.jpg|[[Nadezhda Alliluyeva]]
File:Sergey Ilyushin's grave at Novodevichy cemetery, Moscow.jpg|[[Sergey Ilyushin]]
</gallery>

==Notable graves==
{{Commons category|Novodevichy cemetery (Moscow)}}
The following noteworthy graves, among others, can be found at Novodevichy Cemetery:

'''1850s'''
* [[Nikolai Gogol]] (1809–1852)
* [[Sergey Aksakov]] (1791–1859)
'''1880s-1890s'''
* [[Nikolai Rubinstein]] (1835–1881)
* [[Maria Trubnikova]] (1835–1897)
'''1900s'''
* [[Isaac Levitan]] (1860–1900)
* [[Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)]] (1853–1900)
* [[Anton Chekhov]] (1860–1904)
* [[Ivan Sechenov]] (1829–1905)
'''1910s'''
* [[Valentin Serov]] (1865–1911)
* [[Alexander Scriabin]] (1872–1915)
* [[Sergei Taneyev]] (1856–1915)
* [[Leopold Sulerzhitsky]] (1872–1916)
* [[Vasili Altfater]] (1883–1919)
'''1920s'''
* [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] (1842–1921)
* [[Yevgeny Vakhtangov]] (1883–1922)
* [[Valery Bryusov]] (1873–1924)
* [[Dmitry Furmanov]] (1891–1926)
* [[Yevgeny Berens]] (1876–1928)
'''1930s'''
* [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] (1893–1930)
* [[Nikolay Andreyev (sculptor)|Nikolay Andreyev]] (1873–1932)
* [[Nadezhda Alliluyeva]] (1901–1932)
* [[Eduard Bagritsky]] (1895–1934)
* [[Georgy Chicherin]] (1872–1936)
* [[Konstantin Stanislavski]] (1863–1938)
* [[Boris Shchukin]] (1894–1939)
'''1940s'''
* [[Mikhail Bulgakov]] (1891–1940)
* [[Mikhail Kaganovich]] (1888–1941)
* [[Ivan Shadr]] (1887–1941)
* [[Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko]] (1858–1943)
* [[Demyan Bedny]] (1883–1945)
* [[Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov|Alexander Alexandrov]] (1883–1946)
* [[Nikolai Podvoisky]] (1880–1948)
* [[Sergei Eisenstein]] (1898–1948)
* [[Yevgeniy Abalakov]] (1907–1948)
'''1950s'''
* [[Vsevolod Vishnevsky]] (1900–1951)
* [[Alexandra Kollontai]] (1872–1952)
* [[Sergey Merkurov]] (1881–1952)
* [[Vera Mukhina]] (1889–1953)
* [[Sergei Prokofiev]] (1891–1953)
* [[Aleksey Abrikosov]] (1875–1955)
* [[Ivan Petrov (army general)|Ivan Petrov]] (1896–1958)
* [[Karo Halabyan]] (1897–1959)
* [[Boris Lavrenyov]] (1891–1959)
* [[Daniil Andreyev]] (1906–1959)
'''1960s'''
* [[Vsevolod Aksyonov]] (1902–1960)
* [[Nadezhda Kolesnikova]] (1882–1964)
* [[Nâzım Hikmet]] (1902–1963)
* [[Mira Mendelson]] (1915–1963)
* [[Ilya Ehrenburg]] (1891–1967)
* [[Ivan Agayants]] (1911–1968)
* [[Lev Landau]] (1908–1968)
* [[Vasily Azhayev]] (1915–1968)
'''1970s'''
* [[Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov]] (1904–1970)
* [[Nikolai Basistiy]] (1898–1971)
* [[Sergey Konenkov]] (1874–1971)
* [[Nikita Khrushchev]] (1894–1971)
* [[Andrey Tupolev]] (1888–1972)
* [[Andrei Abrikosov]] (1906–1973)
* [[Averky Aristov]] (1903–1973)
* [[Yevgeny Vuchetich]] (1908–1974)
* [[Vasily Shukshin]] (1929–1974)
* [[Yekaterina Furtseva]] (1910–1974)
* [[Nikolai Kuznetsov (admiral)|Nikolay Kuznetsov]] (1904–1974)
* [[Nikolai Bulganin]] (1895–1975)
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] (1906–1975)
* [[Pyotr Koshevoy]] (1904–1976)
* [[Sergey Ilyushin]] (1894–1977)
* [[Sergei Lemeshev]] (1902–1977)
* [[Roman Karmen]] (1906–1978)
* [[Anastas Mikoyan]] (1895–1978)
* [[Lyudmila Pavlichenko]] (1916–1974)
'''1980s'''
* [[Filipp Golikov]] (1900–1980)
* [[Nikolai Podgorny]] (1903–1983)
* [[Yuri Levitan]] (1914–1983)
* [[Nikolai Tomsky]] (1900–1984)
* [[Pavel Batov]] (1897–1985)
* [[Kirill Moskalenko]] (1902–1985)
* [[Vyacheslav Molotov]] (1890–1986)
* [[Anatoli Papanov]] (1922-1987)
* [[Yakov Zeldovich]] (1914–1987)
* [[Arkady Raikin]] (1911–1987)
* [[Andrey Kolmogorov]] (1903-1987)
* [[Valery Legasov]] (1936–1988)
* [[Sergey Gorshkov]] (1910–1988)
* [[Andrei Gromyko]] (1909–1989)

* [[Kirill Mazurov]] (1914–1989)

* [[Valentin Glushko|Valentin Petrovich Glushko]] (1908-1989)

'''1990s'''
*[[Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)]] (1901–1990)
* [[Vasily Margelov]] (1908–1990)
* [[Boris Shcherbina]] (1919–1990)
* [[Semyon Kurkotkin]] (1917–1990)
* [[Matvey Blanter]] (1903–1990)
* [[Lazar Kaganovich]] (1893–1991)
* [[Yevgeny Ivanovsky]] (1918–1991)
* [[Viktor Grishin]] (1914–1992)
* [[Grigori Abrikosov]] (1932–1993)
* [[Nikolai Ogarkov]] (1917–1994)
* [[Yevgeny Leonov]] (1926–1994)
* [[Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov]] (1905–1994)
* [[Alexander Shelepin]] (1918–1994)
* [[Viktoria Brezhneva]] (1908–1995)
* [[Dmitry Shepilov]] (1905–1995)
* [[Pyotr Lushev]] (1923–1997)
* [[Mikhail Anikushin]] (1917–1997)
* [[Nikolai Tikhonov]] (1905–1997)
* [[Yuri Nikulin]] (1921–1997)
* [[Raisa Gorbacheva]] (1932–1999)
'''2000s'''
* [[Gherman Titov]] (1935–2000)
* [[Sergey Afanasyev (engineer)|Sergey Afanasyev]] (1918–2001)
* [[Alexander Lebed]] (1950–2002)
* [[Lev Kerbel]] (1917–2003)
* [[Mstislav Rostropovich]] (1927–2007)
* [[Boris Yeltsin]] (1931–2007)
* [[Lyudmila Zykina]] (1929–2009)
* [[Vyacheslav Tikhonov]] (1928–2009)
* [[Yegor Gaidar]] (1956–2009)
'''2010s'''
* [[Vladimir Arnold]] (1937–2010)
* [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]] (1938–2010)
* [[Lyudmila Gurchenko]] (1935–2011)
* [[Pavel Grachev]] (1948–2012)
* [[Victor Merzhanov]] (1919–2012)
* [[Galina Vishnevskaya]] (1926–2012)
* [[Sergey Sokolov (marshal)|Sergey Sokolov]] (1911–2012)
* [[Viktor Kulikov]] (1921–2013)
* [[Yevgeny Primakov]] (1929–2015)
* [[Lev Durov]] (1931–2015)
* [[Vladimir Etush]] (1922–2019)
* [[Yury Mikhailovich Luzhkov]] (1936–2019)
'''2020s'''
* [[Sergei Khrushchev]] (1935–2020)
* [[Vladimir Dolgikh]] (1924–2020)
* [[Vasily Lanovoy]] (1934–2021)
* [[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]] (1946–2022)
* [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (1931–2022)
* [[Inna Churikova]] (1943–2023)
* [[Vera Vasilyeva]] (1925–2023)
* [[Igor Yasulovich]] (1941–2023)
* [[Gleb Panfilov]] (1934–2023)
* [[Nikolai Dobronravov]] (1928–2023)
* [[Ninel Artsimovich]] (1927–2023)
* [[Vyacheslav Lebedev (Chief Justice)|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] (1943–2024)

==See also==
* [[Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery]]
* [[Federal Military Memorial Cemetery]]
* [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]]
* [[List of burial places of classical musicians]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://novodevichye.com/ Unofficial site. Hi-resolution photos]
* {{Find a Grave cemetery}}
* [http://www.kingdouglas.com/Novodevichy/ Famous and picturesque (24) memorials photographed June 2005]
* [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Novodevichii+Cemetery Novodevichii Cemetery] – article from the ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UT0U-ePs8cQ Novodevichy Cemetery: Where History sleeps (video) ]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cemeteries in Moscow]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery| ]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Moscow]]
[[Category:Cemeteries established in the 1890s]]