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{{short description|City and council area in Nottinghamshire, England}} {{about|the city in England}} {{Use British English|date=January 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Nottingham | settlement_type = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]] and [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox| perrow = 1/2| total_width = 250|caption_align=center | image1 = Nottingham Council House - geograph.org.uk - 2943238.jpg | caption1 = [[Nottingham Council House|Council House]] | image2 = Nottingham caves 04.jpg | caption2 = [[City of Caves]] | image3 = Wollaton hall from front.jpg | caption3 = [[Wollaton Hall]] | image4 = Nottingham Castle gatehouse 01.jpg | caption4 = [[Nottingham Castle|The Castle]] | image5 = Nottingham Arboretum, a bright border - geograph.org.uk - 3619125.jpg |caption5 = [[The Arboretum, Nottingham|The Arboretum]] | image6 = Robin Hood. Ноттингем - panoramio.jpg | caption6 = [[Robin Hood|Robin Hood Statue]] | image7 = St Mary's church, Nottingham (21002262756).jpg | caption7 = [[St Mary's Church, Nottingham|St Mary's Church]] }} | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Grand coat of arms of Nottingham.svg | shield_size = | shield_alt = Grand coat of arms | shield_link = Nottingham City Council#Arms | etymology = | nickname = "the Queen of the Midlands"<ref>{{cite web|title=Nottingham, "The Queen City of the Midlands," The official guide, Sixth Edition (1927)|url=http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/monographs/nottingham1927/nottingham1.htm|publisher=Nottinghamshire History|access-date=11 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414131646/http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/monographs/nottingham1927/nottingham1.htm|archive-date=14 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> | motto = {{langx|la|Vivit Post Funera Virtus|translation=Virtue Outlives Death}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/southwold/project/local/AZnottingham.htm |title=A brief A-Z of Nottingham |publisher=Atschool.eduweb.co.uk |access-date=13 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116082958/http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/southwold/project/local/AZnottingham.htm |archive-date=16 January 2010}}</ref> | image_map = Nottingham UK locator map.svg | mapsize = 250 | map_alt = | map_caption = Shown within [[Nottinghamshire]] | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|52.9561|-1.1512|type:adm2nd_region:GB-NGM|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="OS coord">{{Cite web |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/nottingham-city-of-nottingham |title=Nottingham, City of Nottingham |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=[[Ordnance Survey]]}}</ref> | grid_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS grid reference]] | grid_position = {{Ordnance Survey coordinates |SK 5711 4020_type:adm2nd_region:GB-NGM |SK 5711 4020}}<ref name="OS coord"/> | subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]] | subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]] | subdivision_name1 = [[England]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = [[East Midlands]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Nottinghamshire]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | established_title = Settled | established_date = 6th century | established_title1 = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City status]] | established_date1 = 1897 | established_title2 = Unitary authority | established_date2 = 1998 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Administrative HQ | seat = [[Loxley House, Nottingham|Loxley House]] | seat1_type = Civic suite | seat1 = [[Nottingham Council House]] | parts = <!-- government type, leaders --> | government_footnotes = <ref name="Councillors and Leadership">{{cite web |url=https://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/your-council/about-the-council/councillors-and-leadership/ |title=Councillors and Leadership |website=Nottingham City Council |access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref> | government_type = [[Unitary authorities of England|Unitary authority]] with [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|leader and cabinet]] | governing_body = [[Nottingham City Council]] | leader_title = [[Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom|Control]] | leader_name = {{English district control|GSS=E06000018}} | leader_title1 = [[Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet|Leader]] | leader_name1 = Neghat Khan ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]]) | leader_title2 = [[List of mayors of Nottingham|Lord Mayor]] | leader_name2 = Carole McCulloch | leader_title3 = [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive]] | leader_name3 = Sajeeda Rose | leader_title4 = [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] | leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list | title = 3 MPs | [[Nadia Whittome]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]]) | [[Alex Norris (British politician)|Alex Norris]] ([[Labour and Co-operative Party|L]]) | [[Lilian Greenwood]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|L]]) }} | parts_type = Areas of the city<br /><small>(2011 census BUASD)</small> | p1 = [[Aspley, Nottingham|Aspley]] | p2 = [[Bakersfield, Nottingham|Bakersfield]] | p3 = [[Basford, Nottinghamshire|Basford]] | p4 = [[Bestwood]] | p5 = [[Bilborough]] | p6 = [[Broxtowe, Nottingham|Broxtowe]] | p7 = [[Bulwell]] (Town) | p8 = [[Carrington, Nottingham|Carrington]] | p9 = [[Cinderhill]] | p10 = [[Nottingham City Centre|City Centre]] | p11 = [[Clifton, Nottinghamshire|Clifton]] (Village) | p12 = [[Forest Fields]] | p13 = [[Highbury Vale]] | p14 = [[Hyson Green]] | p15 = [[Lace Market]] | p16 = [[Lenton, Nottinghamshire|Lenton]] | p17 = [[Mapperley]] | p18 = [[New Basford]] | p19 = [[Radford, Nottinghamshire|Radford]] | p20 = [[Rise Park]] | p21 = [[Sherwood, Nottinghamshire|Sherwood]] | p22 = [[Sneinton]] | p23 = [[St Ann's, Nottingham|St Ann's]] | p24 = [[Top Valley]] | p25 = [[Wilford, Nottinghamshire|Wilford]] | p26 = [[Wollaton]] | total_type = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{United Kingdom district population citation|area}}</ref> | area_urban_footnotes = | area_rural_footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = [[List of English districts by area|{{English district area rank|GSS=E06000018}}]] | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = {{English district area|GSS=E06000018}} | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="popstats">{{United Kingdom district population citation}}</ref> | population_as_of = {{English statistics year}} | population_total = {{English district population|GSS=E06000018}} | population_rank = [[List of English districts by population|{{English district rank|GSS=E06000018}}]] | population_density_km2 = {{English district density|GSS=E06000018}} | population_density_rank = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | pop_est_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_note = | population_demonym = Nottinghamian<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Sam |date=21 February 2023 |title=Who is the greatest Nottinghamian? Have your say in our poll |url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/celebs-tv/who-greatest-nottinghamian-your-say-8172945 |work=NottinghamshireLive |location= |access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Nottingham Features - Are you a true Nottinghamian? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/features/2003/09/are_you_a_true_nottinghamian.shtml |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> <!-- demographics (section 1) --> | demographics_type1 = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span> | demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E06000018|title=Nottingham Local Authority|access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]] | demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible list | 65.9% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]] | 14.9% [[British Asians|Asian]] | 10.0% [[Black British people|Black]] | 5.9% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]] | 3.3% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]] }} <!-- demographics (section 2) --> | demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span> | demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/> | demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in England|Religion]] | demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible list | 41.2% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]] | 34.7% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]] | 12.2% [[Islam in England|Islam]] | 1.7% [[Hinduism in England|Hinduism]] | 1.3% [[Sikhism in England|Sikhism]] | 0.5% [[Buddhism in England|Buddhism]] | 0.3% [[History of the Jews in England|Judaism]] | 0.7% [[Religion in England|other]] | 7.4% not stated }} | timezone1 = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset1 = +0 | timezone1_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +1 | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode area]] | postal_code = [[NG postcode area|NG]] | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|Dialling code]] | area_code = 0115 | area_codes = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|GB-NGM]] | code1_name = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]] | code1_info = E06000018 | code2_name = [[International Territorial Level|ITL code]] | code2_info = TLF14 <!-- GVA --> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross value added|GVA]] | blank_info_sec1 = 2021 estimate<ref name="ONS GVA and GDP">{{cite web |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductlocalauthorities |title=Regional gross domestic product: local authorities |last=Fenton |first=Trevor |date=25 April 2023 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref> | blank1_name_sec1 = {{•}}Total | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Pound sterling|£]]10.8 billion | blank2_name_sec1 = {{•}}Per capita | blank2_info_sec1 = £33,661 <!-- GDP --> | blank_name_sec2 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (nominal) | blank_info_sec2 = 2021 estimate<ref name="ONS GVA and GDP"/> | blank1_name_sec2 = {{•}}Total | blank1_info_sec2 = £11.8 billion | blank2_name_sec2 = {{•}}Per capita | blank2_info_sec2 = £36,980 | website = {{URL|nottinghamcity.gov.uk}} | module = | footnotes = }} '''Nottingham''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Nottingham.ogg|ˈ|n|ɒ|t|ɪ|ŋ|ə|m}} {{respell|NOT|ing|əm}}, <small>[[East Midlands English|locally]]</small> {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɒ|t|n|ʊ|m}}){{Cn|date=May 2025}} is a [[City status in the United Kingdom|city]] and [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority area]] in [[Nottinghamshire]], [[East Midlands]], England. It is located {{convert|33|mi}} south-east of [[Sheffield]] and {{convert|45|mi}} north-east of [[Birmingham]]. Nottingham is the legendary home of [[Robin Hood]] and to the [[lace]]-making, bicycle and [[Smoking in the United Kingdom|tobacco]] industries. The city is also the county town of Nottinghamshire and the settlement was granted its [[city charter]] in 1897, as part of [[Queen Victoria]]'s Diamond Jubilee celebrations. In the [[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 Census]], Nottingham had a reported population of 323,632.<ref name="2021 Nomis"/> The wider conurbation, which includes many of the city's suburbs, has a population of 768,638.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/UK-EnglandUA.html|title=UNITED KINGDOM: Urban Areas in England|website=City Population|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062636/http://www.citypopulation.de/UK-EnglandUA.html|archive-date=13 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the largest urban area in the East Midlands and the second-largest in the Midlands. Its Functional Urban Area,<ref>{{cite web |title=Archive:European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Archive:European_cities_%E2%80%93_the_EU-OECD_functional_urban_area_definition |website=Eurostat Statistics Explained |publisher=Eurostat |access-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608080917/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Archive:European_cities_%E2%80%93_the_EU-OECD_functional_urban_area_definition |archive-date=8 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> the largest in the East Midlands, has a population of 919,484.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas |url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en |website=Eurostat – Data Explorer |publisher=Eurostat |access-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903213351/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en |archive-date=3 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The population of the Nottingham/[[Derby]] metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,610,000.<ref name="espon.eu">{{cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |title=British Urban Pattern: Population Data (ESPON)|website=Espon.eu |access-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[metropolitan economy]] of Nottingham is the [[Brookings list of metropolitan economies in the United Kingdom|seventh-largest in the United Kingdom]] with a GDP of $50.9 billion (2014).<ref>"Global city GDP 2014". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 9 April 2015.</ref> Aside from Birmingham, it is the only city in the Midlands to be ranked as a [[Global city#GaWC study|sufficiency-level world city]] by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |website=www.lboro.ac.uk |access-date=25 January 2022 |archive-date=6 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006165159/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nottingham is a major sporting centre and, in October 2015, was named 'Home of English Sport'.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nottingham named as 'Home of English Sport' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-34611032 |url-status=live |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=23 October 2015 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118022027/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-34611032 |archive-date=18 November 2018}}</ref> The [[National Ice Centre]], [[Holme Pierrepont National Water Sports Centre]] and [[Trent Bridge]] international cricket ground are all based in or around the city, which is also the home of two professional football teams: [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]], recognised as the world's oldest professional league club, and [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]], two-time winners of the [[UEFA European Cup]] under [[Brian Clough]] in [[1979 European Cup Final|1979]] and [[1980 European Cup Final|1980]]. The city has professional rugby, ice hockey and cricket teams; it also hosts the Aegon [[Nottingham Open]], an international tennis tournament on the ATP and WTA tours. This accolade came just over a year after Nottingham was named as the UK's first ''City of Football''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nottingham chosen as first City of Football |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-29217744 |url-status=live |publisher=BBC News |date=16 September 2014 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119034957/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-29217744 |archive-date=19 November 2018}}</ref> The city is served by [[Nottingham railway station]] and the [[Nottingham Express Transit]] tram system; its bus company, [[Nottingham City Transport]], is the largest publicly owned bus network in England.<ref name="Our Companies – NCT – Transdev UK">{{cite web |url=http://www.transdevplc.co.uk/our-companies.jsp?companyID=6 |title=Our Companies – NCT |publisher=Transdev UK |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104005425/http://www.transdevplc.co.uk/our-companies.jsp?companyID=6 |archive-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2015, Nottingham was named a '[[City of Literature]]' by [[UNESCO]], joining a list of 20 Cities of Literature.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Norton |date=11 December 2015 |title=Nottingham named UNESCO City of Literature |work=Nottingham Post |url=http://www.nottinghampost.com/Nottingham-named-UNESCO-City-Literature/story-28347373-detail/story.html |access-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112901/http://www.nottinghampost.com/Nottingham-named-UNESCO-City-Literature/story-28347373-detail/story.html |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> The title reflects Nottingham's literary heritage, with [[Lord Byron]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] and [[Alan Sillitoe]] having links to the city, as well as a contemporary literary community, a publishing industry and a poetry scene.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghamcityofliterature.com/ |title=Welcome to Nottingham UNESCO City of Literature |date=5 June 2017 |website=Nottingham UNESCO City of Literature |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114100735/http://www.nottinghamcityofliterature.com/ |archive-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is served by three universities: the [[University of Nottingham]], [[Nottingham Trent University]] and the Nottingham campus of the [[University of Law]]; it hosts the highest concentration of higher education providers in the [[East Midlands]]. {{TOC limit}} ==Etymology== Different conjectures have been devised to the reasons to why Nottingham has the name it has. Firstly a community existed in what is now Nottingham's city centre before the [[Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain]]. This community was recorded under the name ''Tigguo Cobauc'' ([[British language (Celtic)|Brythonic]]: {{lang|cel|Tig Guocobauc}}) by the ninth century cleric [[Asser]], in his work ''The Life of King Alfred''. This original name survives as {{lang|cy|Y Tŷ Ogofog}}, the [[Welsh language|modern Welsh]] name for Nottingham,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guest |first1=Edwin |title=Origines Celticae (a Fragment) and Other Contributions to the History of Britain (Volume 1) |date=1883 |publisher=Macmillan & Company |page=360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LQxAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Nottingham%22+%22Ogof%22&pg=PA360 |access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fsd.lincolnshire.gov.uk/upload/public/attachments/1105/TBTWelsh.pdf |trans-title=Travel by Train |language=cy |title=Teithio ar y Trên |access-date=13 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816192959/http://fsd.lincolnshire.gov.uk/upload/public/attachments/1105/TBTWelsh.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2011}}</ref> and in English as the ''[[City of Caves]]''. Nottingham used to be known by the [[Anglo-Saxon|Anglo Saxon’s]] as being Snotingham. The ‘ham’ is akin to the word ‘home’. This suggests that people who came to this country were to colonise and make themselves a home. It’s therefore not unlikely that Snotingham was the home of an Anglican family named Snot who made Snotingham their home. <ref>H H Swinnerton| Cambridge County Geographies: Nottinghamshire|(1910|retrieved on 30 April 2025</ref> The [[Normans]] gave Nottingham the name we know today.<ref> A Mee|The Kings England, Nottinghamshire, The Midland Stronghold|1938|retrieved on 30 April 2025</ref> However, some authors derive ''Nottingham'' from Snottenga (caves) and ham (homestead) but "this has nothing to do with the English form".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Place-Names of Nottinghamshire: Their Origin and Development |last=Mutschmann |first=Heinrich |orig-year=1902 |year=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107665415 |pages=100–101}}</ref> ==History== ===Early History=== {{main|History of Nottingham}} {{see also|Timeline of Nottingham}} The early history of Nottingham dates back to 919 A.D. where [[Edward the Elder]] captured Nottingham to which he built a fortress on the southern bank of the river Trent in 921 A.D. During the [[Norman Conquest]] [[William the Conqueror]] built a castle in Nottingham which was entrusted to [[William Peverel]].<ref name="Cornelius Brown 1896">Cornelius Brown, ''A History of Nottinghamshire'' (1896), retrieved on 3 June 2023</ref> [[image:Caves, Brewhouse Yard, Nottingham - geograph.org.uk - 4053475.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nottingham Caves]]]] The Anglo-Saxon settlement was originally confined to the area today known as the Lace Market and was surrounded by a substantial defensive ditch and rampart, which fell out of use following the Norman Conquest and was filled by the time of the [[Domesday Book]] (1086).<ref name="Scott C. Lomax 2013 pp. 83">Scott C. Lomax (17 October 2013). Nottingham: The Buried Past of a Historic City Revealed. Pen and Sword. pp. 83–. {{ISBN|978-1-4738-2999-2}}.</ref> Following the Norman Conquest the Saxon settlement developed into the English [[Borough]] of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall and Law Courts. A settlement also developed around the castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the [[Old Market Square, Nottingham|Old Market Square]] became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later.<ref name="Scott C. Lomax 2013 pp. 83"/> Defences consisted initially of a ditch and bank in the early 12th century. The ditch was later widened, in the mid-13th century, and a stone wall built around much of the perimeter of the town. A short length of the wall survives, and is visible at the northern end of Maid Marian Way, and is protected as a Scheduled Monument.<ref name="Scott C. Lomax 2013 pp. 83"/> [[File:Nottingham Castle South Front.jpg|thumb|Nottingham Castle]] ===12th and 13th Centuries=== The [[Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem]] claims to have been built in 1189, although there is no evidence to verify this date. <ref>Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem (2009). Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem – The Legends and History of Britain's Oldest Pub (PDF). Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem</ref> On the return of [[Richard I of England| Richard the Lionheart]] from the [[Third Crusade|Crusades]] in 1194, the castle was occupied by supporters of [[John, King of England|Prince John]], including the [[Sheriff of Nottingham (position)|Sheriff of Nottingham]]. It was besieged and taken by Richard after a short siege. <ref> Cite Web: https://www.nottinghamcastle.org.uk/the-timeline-of-the-castle/#:~:text=One%20of%20John's%20last%20strongholds,and%20John%20was%20crowned%20king|Nottingham Castle, The Timeline of the Castle,Plantagenet Palace|retrieved on 30 April 2025</ref> In the legends of [[Robin Hood]], Nottingham Castle is the scene of the final showdown between the Sheriff and the hero outlaw.<ref>{{cite news|title=Robin Hood pardoned by Sheriff of Nottingham |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-25004289 |issue=20 November 2013 |publisher=BBC News |date=10 May 2015 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217070013/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-25004289 |archive-date=17 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[John, King of England|King John]] (formerly Prince John) visited Nottingham in 1199 and 1202. Later [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] held a court in Nottingham.<ref name="Cornelius Brown 1896"/> ===14th Century=== [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] took residence at the castle and held parliaments there. In 1346 David II of Scotland was held prisoner there. [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] made improvements to the castle in 1365. In 1392 [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] held the Lord Mayor of London at the castle. <ref> Wylie, William Howie (1853). Old and New Nottingham</ref> During the Black Death of 1349, it is believed that approximately 60% of Nottingham's population died, but that mass migration helped begin the process of population recovery.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Understanding late medieval population change in English towns: an alternative approach|journal=Continuity and Change|date=2025 |doi=10.1017/S0268416024000213 |last1=Lomax |first1=Scott C. |pages=1–31 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===15th and 16th Centuries=== During the reign of [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV’s]] [[Joan of Navarre, Queen of England|Queen Joan]] lived at the castle. And [[Edward IV]] proclaimed himself king at the castle. <ref> Armitage, Jill (2015). Nottingham A History. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Amberley Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-1445634982. OCLC 1064131788 </ref> By the 15th century Nottingham had established itself as a centre of a thriving export trade in religious sculpture made from [[Nottingham alabaster]].<ref>Medieval English Alabaster Carvings in the Castle Museum Nottingham, [[Francis Cheetham]], City of Nottingham art Galleries and Museums Committee, 1973</ref> During the late medieval period Nottingham alabasters were exported as far afield as Iceland, and may be one reason why a small number of Icelandic immigrants lived in Nottingham during the 15th century.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Out of the Land of Ice and Fire: Icelandic Immigrants in the Midlands During the Fifteenth Century|journal=Midland History|date=2023 |doi=10.1080/0047729X.2023.2217231 |last1=Lomax |first1=Scott C. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=158–175 |s2cid=259773316 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The town became a [[county corporate]] in 1449<ref>A Centenary history of Nottingham. J. V. Beckett</ref> giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and remained as detached Parishes of [[Nottinghamshire]]. [[Henry VIII]] ordered tapestries for the castle. He visited the Castle in 1511. <ref> Howard Colvin, History of the King's Works, 3:1 (London: HMSO, 1975), p. 284</ref> ===17th Century=== [[George Fox]] the founder of the [[Quakers]] visited Nottingham and decided to attend [[St Mary's Church, Nottingham|St Mary's Church]] service in 1649. He did not agree with what was being preached and interrupted the service and corrected the preacher. He was later imprisoned. His views converted the Sheriff, which then led to the Quaker forming in Nottingham. <ref> Cite Web: https://southwellchurches.nottingham.ac.uk/nottingham-st-mary/hhistory.php |Nottingham St Mary|Southwell Churches history project| access date 10 May 2025</ref> ===18th Century=== One of those highly impressed by Nottingham in the late 18th century was the German traveller [[Karl Philipp Moritz|C. P. Moritz]], who wrote in 1782, "Of all the towns I have seen outside London, Nottingham is the loveliest and neatest. Everything had a modern look, and a large space in the centre was hardly less handsome than a London square. A charming footpath leads over the fields to the highway, where a bridge spans the Trent. … Nottingham … with its high houses, red roofs and church steeples, looks excellent from a distance."<ref>Carl Philip Moritz: ''[[Journeys of a German in England in 1782]]'', tr. and ed. Reginald Nettel (New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1965), pp. 176–77.</ref> ===Industrial Revolution=== During the [[Industrial Revolution]], much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the [[Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution|textile industry]]; in particular, the city became an internationally important centre of [[lace]] manufacture. In 1831 citizens rioted in protest against the [[Duke of Newcastle]]'s opposition to the [[Reform Act 1832]], setting fire to his residence on the site of Nottingham Castle. [[File:Nottingham Map 1831 by Staveley and Wood.jpg|thumb|Nottingham in 1831]] In common with the UK textile industry, Nottingham's textile sector fell into decline in the decades following the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=University of Nottingham, Manuscripts and Special Collections |title=Textiles Lace & Hosiery |url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/businessrecords/textiles-lace--hosiery.aspx |access-date=4 June 2023}}</ref> Little textile manufacture now takes place in Nottingham; however, many of the former industrial buildings in the Lace Market district have been restored and put to new uses. Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]], and at that time consisted of the parishes of St Mary, St Nicholas and St Peter. It was expanded in 1877 by adding the parishes of [[Basford, Nottingham|Basford]], Brewhouse Yard, [[Bulwell]], [[Radford, Nottingham|Radford]], [[Sneinton]], Standard Hill, and parts of the parishes of [[West Bridgford]], [[Carlton, Nottinghamshire|Carlton]], [[Wilford, Nottinghamshire|Wilford]] (North Wilford). In 1889 Nottingham became a [[county borough]] under the [[Local Government Act 1888]]. City status was awarded as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria, being signified in a letter from the prime minister, the [[Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Marquess of Salisbury]] to the mayor, dated 18 June 1897. Nottingham was extended in 1933 by adding [[Bilborough]] and [[Wollaton]], parts of the parishes of Bestwood Park and [[Colwick]], and a recently developed part of the [[Beeston Urban District]]. A further boundary extension was granted in 1951 when Clifton and Wilford (south of the River Trent) were incorporated into the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10001389&c_id=10001043 |title=Relationships / unit history of Nottingham |access-date=22 March 2007 |publisher=A Vision of Britain Through Time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235913/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10001389&c_id=10001043 |archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=localhist>{{cite web |url=http://www.localhistories.org/nottingham.html |title=A Brief History of Nottingham, England |first=Tim |last=Lambert |access-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622224124/http://www.localhistories.org/nottingham.html |archive-date=22 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{historical populations |title = Demographic evolution of Nottingham |cols = 2 | align = center|percentages=off |4th century|<37 |10th century|<1,000 |11th century|1,500 |14th century|3,000 |Early 17th century|4,000 |Late 17th century|5,000 }} {{historical populations |title = <nowiki /> |cols = 3 | align = center |1801|29,000 |1811|34,000 |1821|40,000 |1831|51,000 |1841|53,000 |1851|58,000 |1861|76,000 |1871|87,000 |1881|159,000 |1901|240,000 |1911|260,000 |1921|269,000 |1931|265,000 |1951|306,000 |1961|312,000 |1971|301,000 |1981|278,000 |1991|273,000 |2001|275,000 |2011|306,000 |2021|324,000 }} Electric trams were introduced to the city in 1901; they served the city for 35 years until 1936. Trams were reintroduced after 68 years when [[Nottingham Express Transit|a new network]] opened in 2004.<ref name=localhist/> In the sporting world, Nottingham is home to the world's oldest professional football club, [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]], which was formed in 1862. The town's other football club, [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]], had a period of success between 1977 and 1993 under manager [[Brian Clough]], winning the [[Football League First Division|First Division]], four [[Football League Cup|League Cups]], a [[UEFA Super Cup]] and two [[European Cup]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/History/0,,10308~478455,00.html |title=Nottingham Forest's Managers |publisher=Nottingham Forest F.C. |access-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426174432/http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10308~478455%2C00.html |archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref> During this time Forest signed [[Trevor Francis]], Britain's first £1 million footballer, who joined the club in February 1979 from [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]].<ref>{{cite web |author=R-Unit |url=http://www.onthisfootballday.com/football-history/february-9-the-one-million-pound-man.php |title=February 9 – The One Million Pound Man |publisher=On This Football Day |access-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016011349/http://www.onthisfootballday.com/football-history/february-9-the-one-million-pound-man.php |archive-date=16 October 2012}}</ref> The city was the site of [[St Ann's riots|race riots in 1958]], centred on the [[St Ann's, Nottingham|St Ann's]] neighbourhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blackpast.org/?q=gah/nottingham-riots-1958 |title=Nottingham Riots (1958) |website=BlackPast.org |date=30 August 2010 |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828043911/http://blackpast.org/?q=gah%2Fnottingham-riots-1958 |archive-date=28 August 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the second half of the 20th century Nottingham saw urban growth with the development of new public and private housing estates and new urban centres, which have engulfed former rural villages such as Bilborough, Wollaton, Gedling and Bramcote. South of the river there has also been expansion with new areas such as Edwalton and West Bridgford, adding to Nottingham's [[urban sprawl]]. Although this growth slowed towards the end of the century, the modern pressures for more affordable and council housing is back on the political agenda and there is now pressure on the [[green belt]] which surrounds the city.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hess |first=John |title=Green Belt is Threatened by Housing Rush Warns Notts MP |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-15358365 |publisher=BBC News |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120234654/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-15358365 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Government== ===Local government=== [[File:Council-House-Nottingham.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nottingham Council House]]]] [[Nottingham City Council]] is a [[unitary authority]], and is based at [[Loxley House, Nottingham|Loxley House]] on Station Street. It consists of 55 [[councillors]], representing 20 [[Ward (politics)|wards]], who are elected every four years; the last elections being held on [[2019 Nottingham City Council election|2 May 2019]]. The council is independent of [[Nottinghamshire County Council]] but work with them for local developments and other matters. Nottingham, though, remains the county town of Nottinghamshire even though [[County Hall, Nottinghamshire|the county hall]] is in the neighbouring town of [[West Bridgford]] where the county council is based. [[File:Station Street, Nottingham - geograph.org.uk - 1580251.jpg|thumb|[[Loxley House, Nottingham]]]] The city also has a [[Lord Mayor of Nottingham|Lord Mayor]] who is selected by city councillors from among themselves. The position is largely ceremonial but the Lord Mayor also acts as Chair of Full Council meetings. The City of Nottingham's boundaries are tightly drawn and exclude several suburbs and towns that are usually considered part of [[Greater Nottingham]]. Unlike the city, these areas are governed by a two tier system of local government. Nottinghamshire County Council is based at the county hall. It provides the upper tier of local government whilst the lower tier is split into several district or borough councils. The County Council are responsible for Health, Social Care, Education, Highways, Transport, Libraries and Trading Standards, whilst the lower tier councils are responsible for local planning, neighbourhood services, housing, licensing, environmental health and leisure facilities. The towns of [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]], [[Stapleford, Nottinghamshire|Stapleford]] and [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]] are administered by [[Broxtowe Borough Council]]. Further west still, the Nottingham urban district extends into [[Derbyshire]] where [[Ilkeston]] and [[Long Eaton]] are administered by [[Erewash Borough Council]], and [[Ripley, Derbyshire|Ripley]] by [[Amber Valley]]. To the north, [[Hucknall]] is governed by [[Ashfield District Council]], while in the east [[Arnold, Nottinghamshire|Arnold]] and [[Carlton, Nottinghamshire|Carlton]] form part of the [[Borough of Gedling]]. South of the river, the town of [[West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire|West Bridgford]] lies in [[Rushcliffe]], as do the outlying villages of [[Ruddington]] and [[Tollerton, Nottinghamshire|Tollerton]] and the town of [[Bingham, Nottinghamshire|Bingham]]. [[File:GreaterNottingham-map.png|thumb|Map illustrating the boundaries of the city and the wider [[Greater Nottingham]] area]] ===UK Parliament=== Nottingham has three UK parliamentary [[constituency]] seats within its boundaries. [[Nottingham North (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham North]] has been represented since 2017 by [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) [[Alex Norris (British politician)|Alex Norris]], [[Nottingham East (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham East]] since 2019 by Labour MP [[Nadia Whittome]] and [[Nottingham South (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham South]] since 2010 by Labour MP [[Lilian Greenwood]]. Each of the outer districts (Broxtowe, Ashfield, Gedling and Rushcliffe) are also parliamentary constituencies in their own right although the parliamentary constituency boundaries do not align with the boundaries of the council districts of which they share their name. {| class="wikitable" ![[Nottingham East (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham East]] ![[Nottingham North (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham North]] ![[Nottingham South (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham South]] |- |[[Nadia Whittome]] |[[Alex Norris (British politician)|Alex Norris]] |[[Lilian Greenwood]] |- |[[File:Official portrait of Nadia Whittome MP.jpg|frameless|164x164px]] |[[File:Official portrait of Alex Norris MP.jpg|frameless|161x161px]] |[[File:Official portrait of Lilian Greenwood MP.jpg|frameless|160x160px]] |- |[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] |[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] |[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] |} ==Geography== {{further|Nottingham and Derby Green Belt}} [[File:Jan Siberechts - View of Nottingham from the East.jpg|thumb|left|Nottingham from the east, {{circa|1695}}, painted by [[Jan Siberechts]]]] Nottingham is situated on an area of low hills<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghampost.com/Ups-downs-towne-hill/story-28269948-detail/story.html |title=Nottingham's hills: What's the history behind them? |access-date=1 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205100130/http://www.nottinghampost.com/Ups-downs-towne-hill/story-28269948-detail/story.html |archive-date=5 December 2015}}</ref> along the lower valley of the [[River Trent]], and is surrounded by the [[Sherwood Forest]] in the north, the [[South Yorkshire Coalfield|Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield]] in the west, and the [[Vale of Belvoir|Trent and Belvoir Vales]] in the east and south. Within the city, native wildlife includes [[red fox]], [[peregrine falcon]] and [[common kingfisher]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www4.ntu.ac.uk/sustainability/biodiversity/falcons/index.html |title=Nottingham Trent University – Falcons |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005648/https://www4.ntu.ac.uk/sustainability/biodiversity/falcons/index.html |archive-date=4 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Notable nature reserves around the city include [[Attenborough Nature Reserve]] SSSI, [[Sherwood Forest]] National Nature Reserve, Holme Pit SSSI, [[Fairham Brook]] Local Wildlife Site and [[Wollaton Park]]. Due to its position as a central city with strong transport links, Nottingham has become home to invasive animal and plant species including [[rose-ringed parakeet]], [[Japanese knotweed]] and [[Himalayan balsam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/pair-parrots-spotted-wollaton-763998 |title=Nottingham Post – Pair of Parrots Spotted in Wollaton |date=12 November 2017 |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024652/https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/pair-parrots-spotted-wollaton-763998 |archive-date=2 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017 it was reported that Nottingham was one of a number of UK cities that broke WHO air pollution guidelines for the maximum concentration of small particulate matter; the pollution in part being caused by harmful wood-burning stoves.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/29/wood-burning-could-banned-parts-london/ |title=Wood burning could be banned in some parts of London |first=Rozina |last=Sabur |date=29 September 2017 |access-date=9 November 2017 |newspaper=The Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106093905/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/29/wood-burning-could-banned-parts-london/ |archive-date=6 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham is bounded by a green belt area, provisionally drawn up from the 1950s. Completely encircling the city, it extends for several miles into the surrounding districts, as well as towards Derby. ===Within the city=== {{main|List of places in Nottinghamshire}} {{OSM Location map | coord = {{coord|52.958|-1.165}} | zoom = 12 | float = centre | width = 500 | height = 600 | caption = Map of Nottingham showing the city boundary <!--------> | minimap = file | mini-file = Nottingham UK locator map.svg | mini-width = 102 | mini-height = 120 | minipog-x = | minipog-y = | scalemark = 130 | map-data = Q21885994<!-- wikidata link to add city boundary--> | map-data-light = Q23092, Q1854225, Q605605, Q600996, Q1497633, Q637772, Q1891143, Q810508 <!-- wikidata link to add county and district borders--> <!--------> | mark = Nottingham city boundary map overlay.svg | mark-coord = {{coord|52.953|-1.165}} <!-- lat and lon location for the overlay --> | mark-size = 640 <!--height of the overlay, nb, is bigger than the frame--> | mark-dim = 0.78125 <!--dimension to set width needed as not square--> | mark-title = none <!-- sets the full screen marker symbol to none--> | mark-coord1 = {{coord|52.9244|-1.1100}}| label1= R U S H C L I F F E | label-pos1=bottom| label-color1=#AA8888| label-size1=10| mark-size1 = 0 | mark-title1 = [[Rushcliffe|Borough of Rushcliffe]] | mark-coord2 = {{coord|52.932|-1.230}}| label2= B R O X T O W E| mark-title2 = [[Borough of Broxtowe]] | mark-coord3 = {{coord|53.0191|-1.2205}}| label3= A S H F I E L D| label-offset-x3=-20|mark-title3 = [[Ashfield, Nottinghamshire|District of Ashfield]] | mark-coord4 = {{coord|53.0017|-1.1028}}| label4= G E D L I N G| mark-title4 = [[Borough of Gedling]] | mark-coord10 = {{coord|52.919|-1.179}}| label10= R i v e r T r e n t | label-pos10=bottom| label-color10=#77A1CB| label-size10=11| label-angle10=-37|mark-size10 = 0 | mark-title10 = none }} {{div col|colwidth=14em}} * Alexandra Park * [[The Arboretum, Nottingham|The Arboretum]] * [[Aspley, Nottingham|Aspley]] * [[Bakersfield, Nottingham|Bakersfield]] * [[Basford, Nottingham|Basford]] * [[Beechdale, Nottingham|Beechdale]] * [[Bestwood Estate|Bestwood]] * [[Bestwood Park]] * [[Bilborough]] * [[Broxtowe, Nottingham|Broxtowe]] * [[Bulwell|Bulwell town]] * [[Bulwell Hall Estate|Bulwell Hall]] * [[Carrington, Nottingham|Carrington]] * [[Cinderhill]] * [[Clifton, Nottingham|Clifton]] * [[Dunkirk, Nottingham|Dunkirk]] * [[Forest Fields]] * [[Highbury Vale]] * [[Hockley, Nottingham|Hockley]] * [[Hyson Green]] * [[Lace Market]] * [[Lenton, Nottingham|Lenton]] * [[Lenton Abbey]] * [[Mapperley]] * [[Mapperley Park]] * [[The Meadows, Nottingham|The Meadows]] * [[Basford, Nottingham|New Basford]] * '''[[Nottingham city centre]]''' * [[Old Basford]] * [[The Park Estate|The Park]] * [[Radford, Nottingham|Radford]] * [[Rise Park, Nottingham|Rise Park]] * [[Sherwood, Nottingham|Sherwood]] * [[Sherwood Rise]] * [[Silverdale, Nottingham|Silverdale]] * [[Snape Wood]] * [[Sneinton]] * [[St Ann's, Nottingham|St Anns]] * [[Strelley, Nottingham|Strelley]] * Thorneywood * [[Top Valley]] * [[Whitemoor, Nottingham|Whitemoor]] * [[Wilford]] * [[Wollaton]] {{div col end}} ===Around the city=== {{Geographic location | title = '''Destinations from Nottingham''' | Northwest = [[Sheffield]], [[Ripley, Derbyshire|Ripley]], [[Heanor]], [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]], [[Matlock, Derbyshire|Matlock]] | North = [[Arnold, Nottinghamshire|Arnold]], [[Hucknall]], [[Mansfield]] | Northeast = [[Gedling]], [[Newark-on-Trent]], [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire|Southwell]], [[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]] | West = [[University of Nottingham]], [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]], [[Stapleford, Nottinghamshire|Stapleford]], [[Ilkeston]], [[Wollaton]], [[Derby]], [[Stoke-on-Trent]] | Centre = Nottingham | East = [[Carlton, Nottinghamshire|Carlton]], [[Bingham, Nottinghamshire|Bingham]], [[Grantham]] | Southwest = [[Long Eaton]], [[East Midlands Airport]], [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]], Birmingham | South = [[West Bridgford]], [[Clifton, Nottingham|Clifton]], [[Ruddington]], [[Edwalton, Nottinghamshire|Edwalton]], [[Loughborough]], [[Leicester]], | Southeast = [[Melton Mowbray]], [[Oakham]] }} {{div col|colwidth=14em}} * [[Arnold, Nottinghamshire|Arnold]] * [[Attenborough, Nottinghamshire|Attenborough]] * [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]] * [[Bestwood Village]] * [[Bingham, Nottinghamshire|Bingham]] * [[Bramcote]] * [[Bulcote]] * [[Burton Joyce]] * [[Calverton, Nottinghamshire|Calverton]] * [[Carlton, Nottinghamshire|Carlton]] * [[Chilwell]] * [[Colwick]] * [[Cotgrave]] * [[Daybrook]] * [[Eastwood, Nottinghamshire|Eastwood]] * [[East Leake]] * [[Edwalton, Nottinghamshire|Edwalton]] * [[Gamston, Rushcliffe|Gamston]] * [[Gedling]] * [[Giltbrook]] * [[Holme Pierrepont]] * [[Hucknall]] * [[Ilkeston]] (Derbyshire) * [[Keyworth]] * [[Killisick]] * [[Kimberley, Nottinghamshire|Kimberley]] * [[Lady Bay, Nottinghamshire|Lady Bay]] * [[Langley Mill]] (Derbyshire) * [[Lambley, Nottinghamshire|Lambley]] * [[Long Eaton]] (Derbyshire) * [[Lowdham]] * [[Netherfield, Nottinghamshire|Netherfield]] * [[Nuthall]] * [[Radcliffe-on-Trent]] * [[Redhill, Nottinghamshire|Redhill]] * [[Ruddington]] * [[Sandiacre]] (Derbyshire) * [[Sawley, Derbyshire|Sawley]] (Derbyshire) * [[Stapleford, Nottinghamshire|Stapleford]] * [[Strelley Village]] * [[Toton]] * [[Trowell]] * [[Warren Hill, Nottinghamshire|Warren Hill]] * [[West Bridgford]] * [[Woodthorpe, Nottinghamshire|Woodthorpe]] {{div col end}} ===Climate=== {{main|Climate of Nottingham}} Like most of the United Kingdom, Nottingham has a [[Oceanic climate|temperate oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Cfb) and experiences warm mild summers and mild to cool winters with abundant precipitation throughout the year. There are two weather-reporting stations close to Nottingham: the former "Nottingham Weather Centre", at [[Watnall]], about {{convert|6|mi|0|abbr=out}} northwest of the city centre; and the [[University of Nottingham]]'s agricultural campus at [[Sutton Bonington]], about {{convert|10|mi|0|abbr=out}} southwest of the city centre. The highest temperature recorded in Nottingham (Watnall) stands at {{convert|39.8|C|F}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03354&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2022&mes=7&day=19&hora=18 |title=Synop Report Summary 19/07/2022 Watnall |website=Ogimet |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> whilst Sutton Bonington recorded a temperature of {{convert|39.4|C|F}},<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/heatwave-uk-weather-forecast-today-met-office-b2126158.html|title=UK weather news – live: Thunderstorms sweep in after fire destroys homes on 40C day|website=Independent|date=11 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |last1=James |first1=Liam }}</ref> both recorded on [[2022 European heat wave|19 July 2022]], and the record-high minimum temperature is {{convert|20.3|C|F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=03354&lang=en&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2022&mes=07&day=20&hora=18|title=Synop Report Summary 20/07/2022 Watnall |website=ogimet.com|access-date=9 August 2023}}</ref> recorded on 20 July 2022. On average, a temperature of {{convert|25|C|F}} or above is recorded on 11 days per year, whilst a temperature of {{convert|30|C|F}} is recorded at least 1 day per year<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=SU&stationid=2118 |title=25c Days |website=Ecs.knmi.nl |access-date=9 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228175351/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=SU&stationid=2118 |archive-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> at Watnall for the period of 1991–2020, and the warmest day of the year reaches an average of {{convert|30.0|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=2118|title=Annual Average Maximum|website=Ecs.knmi.nl|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095330/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TXx&stationid=2118|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> For the period 1991–2020 Nottingham (Watnall) recorded on average 36.9 days of air frost per year,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcrje93b8|title=Nottingham Frost average|website=Metoffice.gov.uk|access-date=25 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708134327/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcrje93b8|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and Sutton Bonington 42.2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcrhe9cy8|title=Sutton Bonington Frost average|website=Metoffice.gov.uk|access-date=25 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042620/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcrhe9cy8|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The lowest recorded temperature in Nottingham (Watnall) is {{convert|-13.3|C|F}} recorded in [[Winter of 1962–63 in the United Kingdom|23 January 1963]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=2118|title=January 1963|website=Ecs.knmi.nl|access-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305110509/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TNn&stationid=2118|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[January 1987 Southeast England snowfall|13 January 1987]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1987&indexid=TNn&stationid=2118|title=January 1987|website=Ecs.knmi.nl|access-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200152/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1987&indexid=TNn&stationid=2118|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> whilst a temperature of {{convert|-17.8|C|F}} was recorded in Sutton Bonington on [[Winter of 1946-47 in the United Kingdom|24 February 1947]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/wheres-snow-truth-whether-really-2494991|title=Where's our snow? The truth about whether we really get less of the white stuff than the rest of the country|website=nottinghampost.com|access-date=2 February 2019|date=February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201141633/https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/wheres-snow-truth-whether-really-2494991|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The record-low maximum temperature is {{convert|-6.3|C|F}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TXn&stationid=2118|title=January 1963 TXn|website=Ecs.knmi.nl|access-date=12 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305110537/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/indicesmapdetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1963&indexid=TXn&stationid=2118|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> recorded in [[Winter of 1962–63 in the United Kingdom|January 1963]]. For the period of 1991–2020, the coldest temperature of the year reaches an average of {{convert|-5.5|C|F}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Average Minimum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=2118 |website=Ecs.knmi.nl |access-date=13 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095353/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1981-2010&indexid=TNn&stationid=2118|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> in Nottingham (Watnall). {{Nottingham weatherbox}} ==City centre== {{see also|Nottingham city centre}} The city centre of Nottingham is usually defined as the [[Old Market Square, Nottingham|Old Market Square]]. The square is dominated by the [[Nottingham Council House|Council House]], which was built in the 1920s to replace the [[Nottingham Exchange]]. The Council House has [[baroque]] columns and two stone lion statues in the front to stand watch over the square. The [[Exchange Arcade]], on the ground floor, is a shopping centre. [[File:South Sherwood Street, The Arkwright Building - geograph.org.uk - 4937643.jpg|220px|thumb|[[Nottingham Trent University]], Arkwright Building]] Tall office buildings line Maid Marian Way. The Georgian area around Oxford and Regent Streets is dominated by small professional firms. The [[Albert Hall, Nottingham|Albert Hall]] faces the [[gothic revival architecture|Gothic revival]] [[Nottingham Cathedral|St Barnabas' Roman Catholic Cathedral]] by [[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin|Pugin]]. [[Nottingham Castle]] and its grounds are located further south in the western third of the city. The central third descends from the university district in the north, past [[Nottingham Trent University]]'s Gothic revival Arkwright Building. The university also owns many other buildings in this area. The Theatre Royal on Theatre Square, with its pillared façade, was built in 1865. King and Queen Streets are home to striking [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] buildings designed by such architects as [[Alfred Waterhouse]] and [[Watson Fothergill]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Paris |first=Andrew |title=Watson Fothergill Buildings |url=https://www.watsonfothergill.co.uk/buildings/|accessdate=27 July 2023}}</ref> The canal-side to the south of the city is adjacent to [[Nottingham station|Nottingham railway station]] and home to multiple repurposed (as bars and restaurants) 19th-century industrial buildings. <ref> Cite Web:https://www.nottinghampost.com/whats-on/food-drink/nottingham-by-river-canal-pubs-1730454.amp|Nottinghamshire Live, The best waterside pubs, bars and restaurants to enjoy the sunshine across Nottingham and beyond|2018|retrieved on 1 May 2025</ref> [[image:Flats reflected in the Nottingham Canal - geograph.org.uk - 5044082.jpg|thumb| Canal-Side, Nottingham]] The eastern third of the city contains [[Hockley Village]], with specialist and independent shops. The [[Victoria Centre]] is also in the area; it was built in the 1970s on the demolished [[Nottingham Victoria railway station|Victoria railway station]] site. All that remains of the old station is the station hotel and clock tower. The 250-foot-high Victoria Centre flats stand above the shopping centre and are [[List of tallest buildings and structures in Nottingham|the tallest buildings in the city]]. ===Lace Market=== [[image:High Pavement, Nottingham (geograph 8028136).jpg|350px|centre|[[High Pavement]]]] The [[Lace Market]] area just south of [[Hockley, Nottingham|Hockley]] has streets with four- to seven-storey red brick warehouses, [[iron railing]]s and [[Red telephone box|red phone boxes]]. Many of the buildings have been converted into apartments, bars and restaurants. The largest building in the Lace Market is the [[The Adams Building Nottingham|Adams Building]], built by [[Thomas Chambers Hine]] for [[Thomas Adams (manufacturer and philanthropist)|Thomas Adams]] (1807–1873), and currently used by [[Nottingham College]]. The Georgian-built Shire Hall, which was once Nottingham's main [[courtroom|court]] and [[prison]] building, is now home to the [[National Justice Museum]] (formerly the "Galleries of Justice"). ===Public houses=== [[Ye Olde Trip To Jerusalem]] (the Trip), partially built into the cave system beneath Nottingham Castle, is a contender for the title of England's Oldest Pub, as it is supposed to have been established in 1189.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/entertainment/pubs/trip.shtml| title=Nottingham – Pubs| access-date=4 December 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621045656/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/entertainment/pubs/trip.shtml| archive-date=21 June 2014| url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem 03.jpg|thumb|[[Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem]]]] [[The Bell Inn, Nottingham|The Bell Inn]] in the Old Market Square, and [[Ye Olde Salutation Inn]] (the Salutation) in Maid Marian Way have both disputed this claim. The Trip's current timber building probably dates back to the 17th or 18th century, but the caves are certainly older and may have been used to store beer and water for the castle during medieval times. There are also caves beneath the Salutation that date back to the medieval period, although they are no longer used as beer cellars. The Bell Inn is probably the oldest of the three pub buildings still standing, according to [[dendrochronology]], and has medieval cellars that are still used to store beer.<ref name="Lomax2013">{{cite book |first=Scott C. |last=Lomax |title=Nottingham: The Buried Past of a Historic City Revealed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vy8RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT83 |date=17 October 2013 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-2999-2 |pages=83– |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108011808/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vy8RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT83 |archive-date=8 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Education== [[File:Nottingham High School 6503.jpg|thumb|[[Nottingham High School]]]] {{See also|Education in Nottingham|List of schools in Nottingham}} Almost 62,000 students attend the city's three universities, [[Nottingham Trent University]], the [[University of Law]] and the [[University of Nottingham]]; in the 2016/17 academic year, Trent University was attended by 29,370 students and Nottingham University by 32,515.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/11-01-2018/sfr247-higher-education-student-statistics/location|title=Higher Education Student Statistics: UK, 2016/17 – Where students come from and go to study|date=11 January 2018|publisher=[[Higher Education Statistics Agency|HESA]]|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107202359/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/11-01-2018/sfr247-higher-education-student-statistics/location|archive-date=7 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[University of Nottingham Medical School]] is part of the [[Queen's Medical Centre]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical School |url=http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/about/campuses/medicalschool.aspx |website=University of Nottingham |access-date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316214303/http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/about/campuses/medicalschool.aspx |archive-date=16 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:0130 - England, Nottingham, Trent Building HDR -HQ-.jpg|thumb|The Trent Building [[University of Nottingham]]]] There are three colleges of [[further education]] located in Nottingham: [[Bilborough College]] is solely a [[sixth form college]]; Nottingham College was formed in 2017, by the amalgamation of [[Central College Nottingham]] and New College Nottingham (which had both previously formed from the merger of smaller FE colleges); and the [[Confetti Institute of Creative Technologies]], owned by Nottingham Trent University, is a further education college that specialises in media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nottstv.com/ntu-buys-out-confetti-media-group/ |title=NTU buys out Confetti Media Group |last=Clarke |first=Laura |date=28 July 2015 |work=Notts TV |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728171321/https://nottstv.com/ntu-buys-out-confetti-media-group/ |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city has dozens of sixth form colleges and academies, providing education and training for adults aged over sixteen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yell.com/s/sixth+form-nottingham.html |title=Sixth Form in Nottingham |publisher=Yell.com |access-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723181617/https://www.yell.com/s/sixth+form-nottingham.html |archive-date=23 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham also has a number of independent schools. The city's oldest educational establishment is [[Nottingham High School]], which was founded in 1513.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Nottingham High School, 1513–1953|last=Thomas|first=Adam Waugh|asin=B0007KDJQ0|year=1958|publisher=J. and H. Bell Ltd.|location=Nottingham}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Nottingham High School: A Brief History|last=Brocklehurst|first=Stuart|year=1989|location=Nottingham|publisher=Nottingham High School}}</ref> === Museums === The city contains several notable museums including: *[[National Justice Museum]] – Museum of Law, Crime and Punishment through the ages, based at the Shire Hall in the [[Lace Market]]. *[[City of Caves]] – A visitor attraction consisting of a network of man-made caves, carved out of sandstone, beneath the [[Broadmarsh]]. [[File:Nottingham caves 03.jpg|thumb|[[City of Caves]]]] *[[Green's Mill, Sneinton]] and Science Centre – A unique working windmill in the heart of the city that was home to the 19th-century mathematical physicist and miller [[George Green (mathematician)|George Green]]. *William Booth Birthplace Museum, also in [[Sneinton]], birthplace of [[William Booth]], co-founder of the [[Salvation Army]], open by appointment.<ref>{{cite web | title=William Booth Birthplace Museum | website=The Salvation Army | url=https://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/about-us/international-heritage-centre/william-booth-birthplace-museum }}</ref> [[File:Green's windmill.jpg|thumb|[[Green's Mill, Sneinton]]]] *[[Nottingham Castle Museum]] – Home to the city's fine and decorative art collections, along with the Story of Nottingham galleries, and the [[Sherwood Foresters]] Regimental Museum. *[[Nottingham Industrial Museum]] – Housed in [[Wollaton Park]], collections relating to textiles, transport, communications, mining and steam. *[[Nottingham Natural History Museum]] – Based at [[Wollaton Hall]], contains zoology, geology, and botany collections. In 2015, the [[GameCity#National Videogame Arcade|National Videogame Arcade]] was opened in the Hockley area of the city; being "the UK's first cultural centre for videogames".<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2015 |title=Nottingham's National Videogame Arcade gets ready for play time |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2015/mar/28/national-videogame-arcade-nottingham-opens |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105007/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2015/mar/28/national-videogame-arcade-nottingham-opens |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=10 April 2015 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> It was announced in June 2018 that the arcade was soon to close and relocate to [[Sheffield]] city centre,<ref>{{cite news |date=28 June 2018 |title=National Videogame Arcade to move from Nottingham to Sheffield |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-44643991 |url-status=live |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717100022/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-44643991 |archive-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> where it reopened in November 2018 as the National Videogame Museum.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 November 2018 |title=National Videogame Museum reopens in Sheffield |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-46328336 |url-status=live |access-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201193041/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-46328336 |archive-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> ==Economy== [[File:HMRC Nottingham.jpg|thumb|Formerly part of the [[HM Revenue & Customs]] [[Castle Meadow Campus]] in Nottingham]] Nottingham is the East Midlands' largest economy.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Cities Data Tool |url=https://www.centreforcities.org/data-tool/dataset/european-cities#graph=bar&city=derby&city=leicester&city=mansfield&city=northampton&city=nottingham&sortOrder=high&indicator=gva\\single\\2011 |publisher=Centre for Cities |access-date=20 March 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050402/https://www.centreforcities.org/data-tool/dataset/european-cities#graph=bar&city=derby&city=leicester&city=mansfield&city=northampton&city=nottingham&sortOrder=high&indicator=gva\\single\\2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The headquarters of several large companies are based in the city: these include [[Alliance Boots]] (formerly [[Boots the Chemists]]); Chinook Sciences; GM (cricket bats); [[Pedigree Petfoods]]; [[VF Corporation]] (American clothing); [[Changan Automobile]] (Chinese-made automobiles); the credit reference agency [[Experian]]; energy company [[E.ON Energy UK]]; betting company [[Gala Bingo]]; amusement and gambling machine manufacturer Bell-Fruit-Games; engineering company [[Siemens]]; sportswear manufacturers [[Speedo]]; high-street opticians [[Vision Express]] and [[Specsavers]]; games and publishing company [[Games Workshop]]; PC software developer [[Serif Europe]] (publisher of [[PagePlus]] and other titles); web hosting provider [[Heart Internet]]; the American credit card company [[Capital One]]; the national law firm [[Browne Jacobson]]; and [[Earache Records]], an independent music company founded by local resident [[Digby Pearson]], based on Handel Street in [[Sneinton]]. Nottingham also has offices of [[Nottingham Building Society]] (established 1849); [[HM Revenue & Customs]]; the [[Driving Standards Agency]]; [[Ofsted]]; the [[Care Quality Commission]] and [[BBC East Midlands]]. The schools and aerial photographers, H Tempest Ltd, were Nottingham-based for many years, until relocating to [[St Ives, Cornwall]] January 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.htempest.co.uk/post?s=2022-09-21-horace-tempest-a-life-less-ordinary |title=Horace Tempest - A Life Less Ordinary |publisher=Tempest Photography |first=Neil |last=Bason Posts |date=21 September 2022 |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref> Nottingham was named one of the UK's six science cities in 2005 by the then [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Gordon Brown]]. Among the science-based industries within the city is [[BioCity Nottingham|BioCity]]. Founded as a joint venture between Nottingham Trent University and the University of Nottingham, it is the UK's biggest bioscience innovation and incubation centre, housing around 80 science-based companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.science-city.co.uk/ |title=Sciencecity.co.uk |publisher=Science-city.co.uk |date=29 April 2010 |access-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221073743/http://www.science-city.co.uk/ |archive-date=21 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, Nottingham City Council announced that the target sectors of their economic development strategy would include low-carbon technologies; [[digital media]]; [[life sciences]]; financial and business services; and retail and leisure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investinnottingham.co.uk/ |title=Home Page |publisher=Investinnottingham.com |access-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406061118/http://www.investinnottingham.co.uk/ |archive-date=6 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable floatright" |- |+ Economic trends ! Year || Regional gross<br />value added (£m) || Agriculture<br />(£m) || Industry<br />(£m) || Services<br />(£m) |- | 1995 || '''4,149''' || 2 || 1,292 || 2,855 |- | 2000 || '''5,048''' || 1 || 912 || 4,135 |- | 2003 || '''5,796''' || – || 967 || 4,828 |- | colspan=5 style="text-align:center;"| ''{{small|Source: Office for National Statistics}}'' |} The city formerly had a major bicycle manufacturing industry sector. [[Raleigh Bicycle Company]] was established in 1886 and [[Sturmey-Archer]], the developer of three-speed hub gears, was also founded in the city. Raleigh's factory on Triumph Road, famous as the filming location of ''[[Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (film)|Saturday Night and Sunday Morning]]'', was demolished in 2003 to make way for the University of Nottingham [[Jubilee Campus]]'s expansion. In 2015, Nottingham was ranked in the top 10 UK cities for job growth (from 2004 to 2013), in the public and private sectors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cities Outlook 2015|url=http://www.centreforcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/15-01-09-Cities-Outlook-2015.pdf|publisher=Centre for Cities|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319045132/http://www.centreforcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/15-01-09-Cities-Outlook-2015.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and in the same year, it was revealed that more new companies were started in Nottingham in 2014–15 than in any other UK city, with a 68% year-on-year increase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/company-start-up-rate-liverpool-10476942 |title=Company start-up rate for Liverpool grows by 35%, says new report |first=Neil |last=Hodgson |date=23 November 2015 |work=liverpoolecho |access-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211090218/http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/company-start-up-rate-liverpool-10476942 |archive-date=11 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Nottingham came seventh in Harper Dennis Hobbes's Top 50 British Centres, behind the [[West End of London]], [[Glasgow]], [[Birmingham]], [[Manchester]], [[Leeds]] and [[Liverpool]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2017 Vitality Rankings Top 50 British Centres |url=http://hdh.co.uk/uploads/2017/06/HDH-Vitality-Index-June-2017.pdf |publisher=Harper Dennis Hobbes |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222162103/http://hdh.co.uk/uploads/2017/06/HDH-Vitality-Index-June-2017.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Retail=== [[File:Council house 1.JPG|thumb|upright|The Exchange Arcade inside the Council House]] The [[Bridlesmith Gate]] area has numerous designer shops, one being the original [[Paul Smith (fashion designer)|Paul Smith]] boutique. There are various specialist shops and small businesses in side streets and alleys: notable streets include Poultry Walk, West End Arcade and Hurts Yard and Derby Road (the latter once known for antiques). Smaller shopping areas in the city are the older [[Flying Horse Walk]], [[The Exchange Arcade]], [[Hockley Village|Hockley]] and newer Trinity Square and The Pod. [[File:14-26 King Street, Nottingham - geograph.org.uk - 4060560.jpg|175px|thumb|King Street, Nottingham]] Nottingham's [[Victoria Centre]] is the city's main retail shopping centre: it was the first to be built in the city and was developed on the site of the former [[Nottingham Victoria railway station]].<ref name=BBCNEWS>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-21633311 |title=Nottingham's Broadmarsh shopping centre 'risk' |publisher=BBC News |date=3 March 2013 |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306040345/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-21633311 |archive-date=6 March 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Bridlesmith Gate - geograph.org.uk - 857552.jpg|175px|thumb|[[Bridlesmith Gate]]]] ===Enterprise zone=== In March 2011, the government announced the creation of '''Nottingham Enterprise Zone''', an [[enterprise zone]] sited on part of the [[The Boots Estate|Boots Estate]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-12853473 |title=Nottingham's Boots site given Enterprise Zone status |publisher=BBC News |date=24 March 2011 |access-date=11 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926005534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-12853473 |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2012, Nottingham Science Park, Beeston Business Park and Nottingham Medipark were added to the zone.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-17264161 |title=Nottingham Enterprise Zone 'could create 10,000 jobs' |publisher=BBC News |date=6 March 2012 |access-date=11 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922161149/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-17264161 |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2014, the government announced that the zone would be expanded again, to include Infinity Park Derby, a planned business park for aerospace, rail and automotive technology adjacent to the [[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]] site in [[Sinfin]], Derby.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/LOOKING-INFINITY-Official-start-pound-200m/story-25199984-detail/story.html |title=Infinity Park Derby: Official start to £200m business park vital to city's future |newspaper=[[Derby Telegraph]] |date=5 December 2014 |access-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324054329/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/LOOKING-INFINITY-Official-start-pound-200m/story-25199984-detail/story.html |archive-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> ===Creative Quarter=== The Creative Quarter is a project started by Nottingham City Council as part of the Nottingham City Deal. Centred on the east of the city (including the Lace Market, Hockley, Broadmarsh East, the Island site and BioCity), the project aims at creating growth and jobs. In July 2012, the government contributed £25{{nbsp}}million towards a £45{{nbsp}}million [[venture capital]] fund, mainly targeted at the Creative Quarter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nottingham plans creative hub with 'City Deal' cash |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-18721971 |url-status=live |publisher=BBC News |date=5 July 2012 |access-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923214710/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-18721971| archive-date=23 September 2012}}</ref> ==Culture== <!--misc needs expanding before re-adding " Many residents converse in the [[East Midlands English|East Midlands dialect]], the friendly term of greeting "Ay-up me duck" is a humorous example of the local area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/features/2002/10/guide_nottingham_lingo.shtml |title=Nottingham Features – Guide to Nottingham lingo |publisher=BBC |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825134841/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/features/2002/10/guide_nottingham_lingo.shtml |archive-date=25 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Hockley Arts Market runs alongside [[Sneinton]] Market. Nottingham has featured in a number of [[List of fiction set in Nottingham|fictional works]]. "--> ===Library=== [[File:Nottingham Central Library, external.jpg|thumb|right|Nottingham Central Library seen in October 2024]] [[Nottingham Central Library]] opened in November 2023 at a cost of more than £10 million and provides books, computer access and other public services.<ref name="j179">{{cite web | last=Locker | first=George Torr & Joe | title=Nottingham Central Library set to open after series of delays | website=BBC Home | date=2023-10-18 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-67139276 | access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref><ref name="g467">{{cite web | last=Locker | first=Amy Phipps & Joe | title=Nottingham's delayed £10m library officially opens | website=BBC News | date=2023-11-28 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-67558098 | access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref> ===Art Galleries=== Galleries include [[Nottingham Contemporary]] art centre in the Lace Market, opened in 2009, and [[New Art Exchange]] contemporary art gallery, the largest in the UK dedicated to showing diverse artists, opened in 2008. ===Public art=== {{main|List of public art in Nottingham}} Nottingham has a range of public artworks across the city, largely from the twentieth century. These include traditional statues such as ''Robin Hood'' by [[James Woodford]], and Lee Johnson's statue of [[Brian Clough]]. Contemporary artwork includes [[Anish Kapoor]]'s ''Sky Mirror'' at Nottingham Playhouse, and ''Aspire'' by Ken Shuttleworth at the University of Nottingham. In 2018 the site of [[Lenton Priory]] was declared a sculpture park and three new artworks commissioned on the site. These include 'Lenton Priory Stone' by James Winnet<ref>{{cite web | last=Winnett | first=James | title=The Lenton Priory Stone | website=axisweb.org | year=2018 | url=https://www.axisweb.org/p/jameswinnett/workset/240406-the-lenton-priory-stone/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409082557/https://www.axisweb.org/p/jameswinnett/workset/240406-the-lenton-priory-stone/ | archive-date=2019-04-09 | url-status=dead }}</ref> based the carvings on the 12th century Norman baptismal font from the Priory, and the 'Lenton Priory Pillars' by [[Adrian Riley]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}} ===Venues=== Nottingham has two large-capacity theatres, the [[Nottingham Playhouse]] and the [[Theatre Royal, Nottingham|Theatre Royal]], which together with the neighbouring [[Nottingham Royal Concert Hall|Royal Concert Hall]] forms the Royal Centre. The city also contains smaller theatre venues such as the [[Nottingham Arts Theatre]], the [[Lace Market Theatre]], [[New Theatre (Nottingham)|New Theatre]] and Nonsuch Studios. [[File:Theatre Royal, Nottingham - geograph.org.uk - 997109.jpg|thumb|[[Theatre Royal, Nottingham]]]] There is a [[Vue International]] and a [[Showcase Cinemas|Showcase]] in the city. Independent cinemas include the [[Arthouse]] [[Broadway Cinema]] in Hockley,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadway.org.uk/ |title=Search: Cinema | Nottingham |publisher=Broadway |access-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717060831/http://www.broadway.org.uk/ |archive-date=17 July 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the four-screen [[Art Deco]] [[Savoy Cinema, Nottingham|Savoy Cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nottingham.savoycinemas.co.uk/ |title=Latest Film Releases, Film Showtimes |publisher=Nottingham.savoycinemas.co.uk |access-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705000907/http://nottingham.savoycinemas.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 July 2012}}</ref> [[File:Albert Hall, Nottingham.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Albert Hall, Nottingham]], one of the city's music venues]] Nottingham has several large music and entertainment venues including the [[Nottingham Royal Concert Hall|Royal Concert Hall]], [[Rock City (club)|Rock City]], [[Nottingham Royal Concert Hall]] (2,500-capacity) and the [[Nottingham Arena]] (Social centre). Nottingham's [[City Ground]] played host to rock band R.E.M with Idlewild and The Zutons supporting in 2005, the first time a concert had been staged at the football stadium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/content/articles/2005/07/07/entertainment_music_gig_reviews_2005_07_rem_city_ground_feature.shtml |title=Nottingham – Entertainment – REM @ The City Ground 6/7/2005 |publisher=BBC |access-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314034937/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/content/articles/2005/07/07/entertainment_music_gig_reviews_2005_07_rem_city_ground_feature.shtml |archive-date=14 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham also has a selection of smaller venues, including the [[Albert Hall, Nottingham|Albert Hall]] (800-capacity), [[Ye Olde Salutation Inn]], [[Malt Cross]], Rescue Rooms, the Bodega, the Old Angel, the Central, the Chameleon and the Corner. ===Music=== 1960s blues-rock band [[Ten Years After]] formed in Nottingham, as did the 1970s pop act [[Paper Lace]], the [[Tindersticks]], electronic music groups [[Stereo MC's]], [[Bent (band)|Bent]], and [[Crazy P]], as well as folk singer [[Anne Briggs]]. Since the beginning of the 2010s, the city has produced a number of artists to gain media attention, including; [[Sleaford Mods]], [[Jake Bugg]], [[London Grammar]], [[Indiana (singer)|Indiana]], [[Bru-C]], [[Natalie Duncan]], [[Dog Is Dead]], [[Saint Raymond (musician)|Saint Raymond]], [[Childhood (band)|Childhood]], [[Kagoule]], [[Rue Royale, Band|Rue Royale]], [[Spotlight Kid (band)|Spotlight Kid]], [[Divorce (band)|Divorce]], and [[Amber Run]].{{cn|date=March 2025}} Nottingham is home to [[Earache Records]], a large independent record label setup in Nottingham in 1986 and home to artists such as [[Napalm Death]], [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]], [[Entombed (band)|Entombed]] and [[Rival Sons]].{{cn|date=March 2025}} The city has an active [[classical music]] scene, with long-established ensembles such as the [[Nottingham Symphony Orchestra|city's Symphony Orchestra]], Philharmonic Orchestra, [[Nottingham Harmonic Society]], Bach Choir, Early Music Group Musica Donum Dei and the Symphonic Wind Orchestra giving regular performances in the city.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} The [[Sumac Centre]] is a [[social centre]] in Forest Fields. Nottingham is known for its [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] scene.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/sep/29/nottingham-music-scene |title=Nottingham's music scene: soon to be heard? |access-date=27 March 2013 |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Mike |last=Atkinson |date=29 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105002402/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/sep/29/nottingham-music-scene |archive-date=5 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Audio Recording Studios opened in 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.roflaudio.co.uk/info/|title=About the studio|website=Rofl Audio Recording Studios|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407164105/https://www.roflaudio.co.uk/info/|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> on the site of a former square known as "Milk Square" which was known to have hosted musicians, bands and orchestras in the 1800s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://musicnottingham.com/2013/08/23/georgie-rose-in-session-at-rofl-audio-for-this-weekends-sound-of-nottingham/ |title=Georgie Rose in session at ROFL Audio for this weekend's Sound of Nottingham |website=Musicnottingham.com |date=23 August 2013 |access-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103232808/http://musicnottingham.com/2013/08/23/georgie-rose-in-session-at-rofl-audio-for-this-weekends-sound-of-nottingham/ |archive-date=3 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nottinghasm.wordpress.com/|title=nottinghasm|website=nottinghasm|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407164103/https://nottinghasm.wordpress.com/|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Since opening, the studios have hosted musicians and actors from various places including involvement in Hollywood films,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3518879/|title=David Stanley|website=IMDb|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609103603/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3518879/|archive-date=9 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and British rock band [[Spiritualized]]'s album [[And Nothing Hurt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/spiritualized-and-nothing-hurt-review |title=Spiritualized – 'And Nothing Hurt' review|last=Bassett|first=Jordan|website=NME|date=6 September 2018|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407164104/https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/spiritualized-and-nothing-hurt-review|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The studios are a base for rapper and producer [[Sway (British musician)|Sway Dasafo]]'s New Reign Productions<ref>{{cite web |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/09281979/filing-history|title=NEW REIGN PRODUCTIONS LIMITED – Filing history (free information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407164106/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/09281979/filing-history|archive-date=7 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and Jake Bugg's manager, Jason Hart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicnotts.com/musicnotts-talks-with-jason-hart/|title=MusicNotts Talks With… Jason Hart|last=MusicNotts|date=14 February 2019|website=MusicNotts|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623041929/http://musicnotts.com/musicnotts-talks-with-jason-hart/|archive-date=23 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The rock band [[Church of the Cosmic Skull]] are from Nottingham.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rockzonemag.com/church-of-the-cosmic-skull-everybodys-going-to-die/|title=CHURCH OF THE COSMIC SKULL – 'Everybody's Going To Die' |magazine=Rock Zone|date=13 December 2019|access-date=10 January 2020|archive-date=23 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623072408/https://www.rockzonemag.com/church-of-the-cosmic-skull-everybodys-going-to-die/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Glass |first1=Polly |last2=Lewry |first2=Fraser |title=20 great bands to shake up the 2020s |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/20-bands-to-shake-up-the-2020s |url-status=live |newspaper=Loudersound |date=3 January 2020 |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112002201/https://www.loudersound.com/features/20-bands-to-shake-up-the-2020s |archive-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> ===Annual events=== [[Wollaton Park]] in Nottingham hosts an annual family-friendly music event called [[Splendour in Nottingham|Splendour]]. In 2009 it was headlined by [[Madness (band)|Madness]] and [[the Pogues]]. The following year it was headlined by [[the Pet Shop Boys]] and featured, among others, [[Calvin Harris]], [[Noisettes]], [[Athlete (band)|Athlete]] and [[OK Go]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.splendourfestival.co.uk/ |title=Splendour 2010 – Pet Shop Boys – Wollaton Park 24th July 2010 |publisher=Splendourfestival.co.uk |access-date=13 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615095440/http://www.splendourfestival.co.uk/ |archive-date=15 June 2009}}</ref> In 2011, it featured headline acts [[Scissor Sisters]], [[Blondie (band)|Blondie]], [[Eliza Doolittle (singer)|Eliza Doolittle]] and [[Feeder (band)|Feeder]]. In 2012, performers included [[Dizzee Rascal]], [[Razorlight]], [[Katy B]] and [[Hard-Fi]]. In 2014, Wollaton Park hosted the first-ever No Tomorrow Festival, featuring artists including [[Sam Smith (singer)|Sam Smith]], [[London Grammar]] and [[Clean Bandit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.notomorrowfestival.co.uk/lineup |title=Line Up |publisher=No Tomorrow Festival |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222110716/http://www.notomorrowfestival.co.uk/lineup |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> [[File:Wollaton hall from front.jpg|thumb|[[Wollaton Hall]] in the grounds of [[Wollaton Park]]]] Nottingham holds several multicultural events throughout the year. The city has hosted an annual Asian [[Mela]] every summer since about 1989,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nae.org.uk/page/festivals/11 |title=Festivals |work=[[New Art Exchange]] |access-date=11 January 2015 |year=2014 |quote=...the Nottingham Mela, an annual South Asian festival that was first held 25 years ago. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106025118/http://www.nae.org.uk/page/festivals/11 |archive-date=6 November 2014}}</ref> there is a parade on [[St Patrick's Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Nottingham St Patrick's Festival |url=http://www.stpatricksdayparadenottingham.co.uk/ |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=stpatricksdayparadenottingham.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230070038/http://www.stpatricksdayparadenottingham.co.uk/ |archive-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> fireworks for the [[Chinese New Year]], Holi in the Park to celebrate the [[Holi|Hindu spring festival]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Private Investigator Nottingham |url=https://privateinvestigator.co.uk/nottinghamshire/nottingham/ |website=privateinvestigator.co.uk |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612113150/https://privateinvestigator.co.uk/nottinghamshire/nottingham/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.su.nottingham.ac.uk/societies/society/hindu/ |title=Hindu Society |website=su.nottingham.ac.uk |publisher=University of Nottingham |access-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618031253/https://www.su.nottingham.ac.uk/societies/society/hindu/ |archive-date=18 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> a [[British African-Caribbean people|West Indian]]-style carnival which takes place in summer, and several [[Sikhism|Sikh]] events.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/events |title=Events in Nottingham |publisher=Nottingham City Council |website=Nottinghamcity.gov.uk |access-date=11 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226114614/http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/events |archive-date=26 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is particularly famous for its annual [[Nottingham Goose Fair|Goose Fair]], a large travelling funfair held at the [[Forest Recreation Ground]] at the beginning of October every year. Established over 700 years ago, the fair was originally a livestock market where thousands of geese were sold in the Old Market Square, but the modern-day Goose Fair is known for its fairground rides and attractions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-24210031|title=Nottingham Goose Fair: Seven centuries of festivities|date=2 October 2013|publisher=BBC News|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020141/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-24210031|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Nottingham Goose fair 2019.jpg|thumb|[[Nottingham Goose Fair]]]] Since the late 1990s, [[Nottinghamshire Pride]] has organised an annual [[pride parade]], a day-long celebration that usually takes place in the city in July.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ournottinghamshire.org.uk/page_id__453.aspx|title=Nottingham's Pride festivals|first=David|last=Edgley|date=18 October 2011|website=Our Nottinghamshire|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072401/http://www.ournottinghamshire.org.uk/page_id__453.aspx|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Food and drink=== {{Expand section|date=August 2020}} There are more than three hundred restaurants in Nottingham, with several [[AA Rosette]] winners ({{as of|2018|lc=y}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.godine.co.uk/restaurants-nottingham-city-centre |title=City Centre restaurants, Nottingham |website=Go dine |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805010615/https://www.godine.co.uk/restaurants-nottingham-city-centre |archive-date=5 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> City-centre restaurant, Ibérico World Tapas, was awarded a Bib Gourmand in the 2013 Michelin Guide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/03/10/2012/345554/New-Michelin-Bib-Gourmands-for-38-restaurants.htm |title=New Michelin Bib Gourmands for 38 restaurants |last=Stagg |first=James |date=27 September 2012 |work=[[The Caterer]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005094854/http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/03/10/2012/345554/New-Michelin-Bib-Gourmands-for-38-restaurants.htm |archive-date=5 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are also two Michelin-starred restaurants: Alchemilla in the city centre has one star; and [[Sat Bains|Restaurant Sat Bains with Rooms]], on the edge of the city near Clifton Bridge, has two Michelin stars.<ref name=MichelinGuide2020 /> There were five other Nottingham restaurants recommended in the [[Michelin Guide]] in 2020.<ref name=MichelinGuide2020>{{cite web |url=https://guide.michelin.com/gb/en/nottingham-region/nottingham/restaurants |title=Michelin Guide {{!}} Nottingham |date=2020 |work=[[Michelin Guide]] |access-date=5 August 2020 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929190830/https://guide.michelin.com/gb/en/nottingham-region/nottingham/restaurants |url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham is recognised as one of the UK's most vegan-friendly cities,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinchess |first=Lynette |date=2020-10-20 |title=Nottingham is named as one of the UK's top vegan cities |url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/whats-on/food-drink/nottingham-named-one-uks-top-4622702 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=Nottinghamshire Live |language=en}}</ref> and it is where [[Veggies of Nottingham]] was founded in 1984. The Nottingham City Council in 2024 announced it had switched to all plant-based catering, following similar changes by other councils including [[Oxfordshire County Council]] and [[Cambridge City Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nottingham City Council switches to plant-based catering |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8rx7ln0r5po |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=www.bbc.com |date=10 September 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===Tourism=== <!--Could do with expanding a bit on the Robin Hood theme--> [[File:Nottingham Market Square Ferris Wheel.JPG|thumb|upright|Ferris wheel in Old Market Square]] In 2010, Nottingham was named as one of the "Top 10 Cities to Visit in 2010" by [[DK Publishing|DK Travel]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bremner |first1=Charles |last2=Robertson |first2=David |title=The Top 10 cities to visit in 2010 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article6930112.ece?token=null&offset=12&page=2 |url-status=dead |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |date=25 November 2009 |access-date=10 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811090916/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/breaks/article6930112.ece?token=null&offset=12&page=2 |archive-date=11 August 2011}}</ref> Nottingham was ranked number one for the 'Best Value City Break' in August 2017 by TripAdvisor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tripadvisor.mediaroom.com/2013-08-13-NOTTINGHAM-BEST-VALUE-IN-UK-FOR-CITY-BREAK|title=NOTTINGHAM BEST VALUE IN UK FOR CITY BREAK|website=MediaRoom|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203163217/https://tripadvisor.mediaroom.com/2013-08-13-NOTTINGHAM-BEST-VALUE-IN-UK-FOR-CITY-BREAK|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Scarborough Tourism Economic Activity Monitor (STEAM) report, tourism in Nottingham city was valued at £628 million in 2017, an increase of 4.1% over the 2016 figure of £604 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visit-nottinghamshire.co.uk/blog/read/2018/08/nottinghamshire-steams-ahead-with-more-visitors-than-ever-b5746|title=Nottingham Steams Ahead With More Visitors Than Ever|date=12 August 2018|website=Visit Nottinghamshire|access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> Many local businesses and organisations use the worldwide fame of Robin Hood to represent or promote their brands. The Robin Hood Pageant takes place in Nottingham each year and has been rebranded Robin Hood Live for 2020. The city is home to the Nottingham Robin Hood Society, founded in 1972 by Jim Lees and Steve and Ewa Theresa West.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.robinhood.info/robinhood/Jim_Lees_Obituary.html |title=obinhood.info |publisher=Robinhood.info |date=18 November 2001 |access-date=13 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721232417/http://www.robinhood.info/robinhood/Jim_Lees_Obituary.html |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Sherwood Forest County Park is a Natural Nature Reserve spanning {{convert|450|acre|km2}} in the county of Nottinghamshire only {{convert|17|mi|km}} north of Nottingham. This grand forest has been a part of great history for centuries, showing evidence of use by prehistoric hunters and gatherers. It is even said that the legendary Robin Hood of the 1200s has set foot here and hid near the Major Oak, referred to as the 1,000-year-old giant tree.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitsherwood.co.uk/about-robin-hood/|title=About Robin Hood|website=Sherwood Forest|date=23 May 2018 |access-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822153756/https://www.visitsherwood.co.uk/about-robin-hood/|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, Sherwood Forest Visitor Centre & Nature Reserve is internationally recognised, with annual visitors reaching around 350,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/culture-leisure/country-parks/sherwood-forest/history-of-sherwood-forest-robin-hood-and-major-oak |title=History of Sherwood Forest, Robin Hood and Major Oak|publisher=Nottinghamshire County Council|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822153756/https://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/culture-leisure/country-parks/sherwood-forest/history-of-sherwood-forest-robin-hood-and-major-oak|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Each February Nottingham celebrates [[Light Night]], with dozens of free creative events illuminating the city. The city has also hosted the Nottingham Cave Festival, Nottingham Puppet Festival, The Nottingham Festival of Science and Curiosity, plus a series of outdoor film and theatre performances at historical locations throughout the summer. In February 2008, a [[Ferris wheel]] was put up in the Old Market Square. The wheel returned to Nottingham in February 2009 to mark another night of lights, activities, illuminations and entertainment. Initially marketed as the Nottingham Eye, it was later redubbed as the Nottingham Wheel, to avoid any association with the [[London Eye]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/7920362.stm |title=Big wheel forced to change name |publisher=BBC News |date=3 March 2009 |access-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306153713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/7920362.stm |archive-date=6 March 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Sport== {{main|Sport in Nottingham}} ===Football=== [[File:The two closest football grounds in England (50285299147).png|thumb|[[Meadow Lane]] (left) and the [[City Ground]] (right) either side of the [[River Trent]], the two closest professional football grounds in England]] Nottingham is home to two professional football clubs: [[EFL League Two]] club [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] and [[Premier League]] club [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]. Their two football grounds, facing each other on opposite sides of the River Trent, are noted for geographically being the closest in [[English league football]]. Notts County, formed in 1862, is the oldest professional football club in the world.<ref>''Notts County – A Pictorial History'' by Paul Wain, page 8, {{ISBN|0-9547830-3-4}}</ref> It was also among the [[Football League]]'s founder members in 1888. For most of its history the team have played their home games at [[Meadow Lane]], which currently holds some 20,000 spectators, all seated. They currently play in League Two of the English Football League (most recently played at Level 1 in May 1992).<ref>{{fchd|id=NOTTSCO|name=Notts County}}</ref> Nottingham Forest, who currently play in the [[Premier League]], were Division One English League champions in 1978 and won the [[European Cup]] twice over the next two seasons under the management of [[Brian Clough]], who was the club's manager from January 1975 to May 1993, leading them to four [[Football League Cup]] triumphs in that time. They have played at the [[City Ground]], on the south bank of the [[River Trent]], since 1898. Nottingham Forest joined the Football League in 1892, four years after its inception when it merged with the rival [[Football Alliance]], and 100 years later, they were among the [[FA Premier League]]'s founder members in 1992—though they had not played top division football from May 1999 until their promotion from the Level 2 [[EFL Championship]] in the [[2021–22 EFL Championship|2021/2022 season]], 23 years later.<ref>{{fchd|id=NOTTINGF|name=Nottingham Forest}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Forest return to Premier League after 23-year wait |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61539298 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> The [[City Ground]] played host to group stage games in the [[Euro 96|1996 European Football Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Euro '96's forgotten city |url=http://www.wsc.co.uk/the-archive/1010-Euro-96/6902-euro-96s-forgotten-city |date=14 August 1996 |work=When Saturday Comes |access-date=10 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310230309/http://www.wsc.co.uk/the-archive/1010-Euro-96/6902-euro-96s-forgotten-city |archive-date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham won the title of 2015 City of Football after five months of campaigning, which resulted in £1.6m in funding for local football ventures and to encourage more people to play the sport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghampost.com/City-Football-Nottingham-wins/story-22930174-detail/story.html |title=City of Football: Nottingham wins title and £1.6 million for sport |work=Nottingham Post |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919094844/http://www.nottinghampost.com/City-Football-Nottingham-wins/story-22930174-detail/story.html |archive-date=19 September 2014}}</ref> Nottingham was selected to be a host city for the [[England 2018 FIFA World Cup bid]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The 12 cities which will form England's 2018 World Cup bid |newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 December 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/gallery/2009/jul/09/world-cup-2018-england-cities |access-date=10 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416180609/http://www.theguardian.com/football/gallery/2009/jul/09/world-cup-2018-england-cities |archive-date=16 April 2015 |url-status=live |last1=Hunter |first1=Andy |last2=Jackson |first2=Jamie |last3=Landi |first3=Martyn |last4=Stafford |first4=Mikey |last5=Taylor |first5=Daniel |last6=Taylor |first6=Louise}}</ref> It was proposed that if the bid were successful, the city would have received a new Nottingham Forest Stadium.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nottingham Forest hope new ground will stage 2018 World Cup matches |date=7 September 2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/6151835/Nottingham-Forest-hope-new-ground-will-stage-2018-World-Cup-matches.html |access-date=10 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416211049/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/6151835/Nottingham-Forest-hope-new-ground-will-stage-2018-World-Cup-matches.html |archive-date=16 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> ===Other sports=== [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club]] is based at [[Trent Bridge]], a [[List of Test cricket grounds|test cricket ground]] that was one of the venues for the [[2009 ICC World Twenty20]] tournament. Nottinghamshire won the [[2010 County Championship]]. The [[rugby union]] team, [[Nottingham R.F.C.]], competes in the [[RFU Championship]], playing their home games at the Nottinghamshire Sports Club in the Lady Bay area of the city. The [[Nottingham Outlaws (rugby league team)|Nottingham Outlaws]] are an amateur [[rugby league]] team that plays in the [[Yorkshire Men's League]]. The [[Nottingham Caesars]] are the city's [[American football]] club, playing their games at the [[Harvey Hadden Stadium]] in the Bilborough area of Nottingham. The city was the birthplace and training location for [[Torvill and Dean]], who won gold medals in [[ice dance]] at the [[1984 Winter Olympics|1984 Sarajevo Olympics]]. The [[National Ice Centre]], which first opened in 2000, is the home base of the [[Nottingham Panthers]] ice hockey team, and hosts an array of winter sporting events including the UK [[Speed skating|Speed Skating]] Championships. The plaza at the front of the ice centre is named "Bolero Square" after Torvill and Dean's gold medal-winning performance. Other sporting events in the city include the annual [[Nottingham Trophy (tennis)|Nottingham Trophy]] tennis tournament (staged at the [[Nottingham Tennis Centre]]), the [[Nottingham Marathon|"Robin Hood" Marathon]] and the Outlaw Triathlon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visit-nottinghamshire.co.uk/whats-on/the-outlaw-triathlon-2018-p492501 |title=The Outlaw Triathlon 2018 |publisher=Visit Nottinghamshire 2018 |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316084838/https://www.visit-nottinghamshire.co.uk/whats-on/the-outlaw-triathlon-2018-p492501 |archive-date=16 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham has two [[roller derby]] leagues: [[Nottingham Roller Derby]] (formerly Nottingham Roller Girls, formed 2010, and home to the Super Smash Brollers from 2013 to 2020)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=Nottingham Roller Derby {{!}} Nottingham Roller Derby |url=https://nottsrollerderby.co.uk/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/nottinghamrollerderby |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> and East Midlands Open Roller Derby (formed 2020, after the Super Smash Brollers team left the Nottingham Roller Derby banner to become a new, standalone league).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/EMORollerDerbyUK |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> The [[Nottingham Hellfire Harlots Roller Derby|Nottingham Hellfire Harlots]] were a [[Women's Flat Track Derby Association|WTFDA-ranked]] league from 2010 to 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hellfire-harlots.co.uk/ |title=Hellfire Harlots |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505015324/http://hellfire-harlots.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> They announced their disbanding on 3 August 2023, citing the difficulties with continuing to run a grassroots sports team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/hellfire.harlots.nottingham/posts/pfbid028YHu5LBEZRJWgcW6EYhpbJWUiAZ1k5xJeX8yD3v35NALbDsx4kE7y3tjXWRtvs3Xl |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> In October 2015, Nottingham was named as the official Home of Sport by [[VisitEngland]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-34611032|title=Nottingham named as 'Home of English Sport'|date=23 October 2015|access-date=5 February 2019|publisher=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424145823/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-34611032|archive-date=24 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mynottinghamnews.co.uk/weve-won-nottingham-is-named-as-englands-official-home-of-sport/|title=We've Won! Nottingham is named as England's official 'Home of Sport'|date=23 October 2015|website=My Nottingham News|publisher=[[Nottingham City Council]]|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020457/http://www.mynottinghamnews.co.uk/weve-won-nottingham-is-named-as-englands-official-home-of-sport/|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> for its sporting contributions and in recognition of its development of football, cricket, ice hockey, boxing, tennis, athletics, gymnastics, and water sports. ==Transport== {{Main|Transport in Nottingham}} ===Air=== Nottingham is served by [[East Midlands Airport]] (formerly known as ''Nottingham East Midlands Airport'', until it reverted to its original name), near [[Castle Donington]] in [[North West Leicestershire|north-west Leicestershire]], just less than {{convert|15|mi|0}} south-west of the city centre. ===Trams=== [[File:Nottingham Express Transit.svg|thumb|upright|Map of the NET tram network]] The reintroduction of [[Nottingham Express Transit|trams]] in 2004 made Nottingham one of only nine [[List of modern tramway and light rail systems in the United Kingdom|English cities to have a light rail system]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Systems in the British Isles – Modern Systems |url=http://www.uktram.co.uk/uk-systems/modern-systems/ |publisher=UK Tram Ltd |access-date=6 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021204745/https://www.uktram.co.uk/uk-systems/modern-systems/ |archive-date=21 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Services ran from the city centre to [[Hucknall]] in the north, with a spur to the Phoenix Park [[park and ride]], close to junction 26 of the M1. [[File:Chilwell- High Road Central College tram stop on opening day (geograph 4633181).jpg|thumb|[[Nottingham Express Transit]] trams]] Two additional lines opened in 2015, extending the network to the southern suburbs of [[Wilford]] and [[Clifton, Nottingham|Clifton]] and the western suburbs of [[Beeston, Nottinghamshire|Beeston]] and [[Chilwell]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetram.net/tram-expansion/ |title=Nottingham tram official website |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504120020/http://www.thetram.net/tram-expansion/ |archive-date=4 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Railways=== [[File:Nottingham Station - geograph.org.uk - 739154.jpg|thumb|Nottingham railway station]] [[Nottingham railway station]], formerly ''Nottingham Midland'', provides access to rail services for the city; trains are operated by [[CrossCountry]], [[East Midlands Railway]] and [[Northern (train operating company)|Northern]]. It is the only remaining station in the city centre and is the second-busiest railway station in the Midlands for passenger entries and exits.<ref>{{cite web|title=Station Usage 2014–15 Data|url=http://orr.gov.uk/statistics/published-stats/station-usage-estimates|publisher=Office of Rail and Road|access-date=6 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710030043/http://orr.gov.uk/statistics/published-stats/station-usage-estimates|archive-date=10 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Nottingham was an important interchange for many railways and mineral lines which served the city, its suburbs and the collieries around the city. The city once had five other railway stations: * [[Nottingham Carrington Street railway station|Nottingham Carrington Street]] was the first station opened in Nottingham on the former [[Midland Counties Railway]]. It was opened in 1839, before closing in 1848 to passengers after the opening of Nottingham Midland station. The site is now under [[Nottingham Magistrates' Court]]. * [[Nottingham Victoria railway station|Nottingham Victoria]] which was the second largest station in the city. Owned jointly by the [[Great Central Railway]] and [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern Railway]]. It closed in 1967, after declining usage and the station buildings were demolished. The site is now the [[Victoria Centre]] shopping centre. The clock tower is still in situ and the cutting is under the shopping centre at the lower level including the old Mansfield Road Railway Tunnel. * [[Nottingham Arkwright Street railway station|Nottingham Arkwright Street]] was originally the second station in Nottingham, near to Nottingham Midland. It was originally only to be opened temporarily but was kept open until 1963, when it was closed. It reopened briefly in 1967 as the terminus of a skeleton service from Nottingham to [[Leicester Central railway station|Leicester]] and [[Rugby Central railway station|Rugby]], only to be closed in 1969. The site is now buried under a road alignment, tram tracks and industrial buildings. * [[Nottingham London Road railway station|Nottingham London Road Low and High Level]] was located directly north-east of Nottingham Midland and the low-level platforms were closed to passengers in 1944. The high-level platforms were closed in 1967. Goods services continued to serve the station until 1972 when the rails were removed. The station is still in situ and is now used as a leisure centre. * [[Nottingham Racecourse railway station|Nottingham Racecourse]] was located near [[Nottingham Racecourse]] and was a minor station on the line between Nottingham and Grantham. The station closed in 1959 and the line is still in use. Nothing remains of the station. ===Buses=== Nottingham is served by a [[municipal bus company]], [[Nottingham City Transport]] (NCT), which is the biggest transport operator in the city with 330 buses.<ref name="Our Companies – NCT – Transdev UK"/> NCT has won five ''UK Bus Operator of the Year'' awards, most recently in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nctx.co.uk/our-awards-and-achievements |title=Our Awards and Achievements |work=Nottingham City Transport |access-date=16 October 2020 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018105155/https://www.nctx.co.uk/our-awards-and-achievements |url-status=dead}}</ref> The former [[Broadmarsh]] shopping centre and multi-storey car park was demolished in the early 2020s; the car park was rebuilt to include [[Broadmarsh bus station|a bus station]] and library, while the centre was demolished and plans to be landscaped into an urban park.<ref name="2023 Projects">{{cite web |title=New urban park among 5 major projects in Nottingham progressing in 2023|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/new-urban-park-among-5-8081231.amp|work=Nottingham Post |date=27 January 2023 |access-date=21 February 2023}}</ref> ===Roads=== In April 2012, Nottingham became the first city in the UK to introduce a workplace parking levy.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Simon |last1=Dale|first2=Matthew |last2=Frost|first3=Jason |last3=Gooding|first4=Stephen |last4=Ison|first5=Peter |last5=Warren|title=Parking Issues and Policies|chapter=A Case Study of the Introduction of a Workplace Parking Levy in Nottingham|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]] |year=2014 |pages=335–360 |series=Transport and Sustainability|volume=5|isbn=978-1-78350-919-5 |doi=10.1108/S2044-994120140000005024}}</ref> The levy charges businesses £350 on each parking space made available to their employees, provided that the business has more than ten such parking spaces. The council have used the revenue of around £10 million a year to develop the city's tram system.<ref>{{cite news |title=Council pushes parking tax plan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/7391733.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=9 May 2008 |access-date=18 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513023418/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/7391733.stm |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> There has been a 9% reduction in traffic and 15% increase in public transport use since the introduction of the levy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/politics/workplace-parking-tax-how-uk-s-only-levy-scheme-works-1-4869587|title=Workplace parking tax: How UK's only levy scheme works|work=[[Edinburgh Evening News]]|date=7 February 2019|access-date=10 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011929/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/politics/workplace-parking-tax-how-uk-s-only-levy-scheme-works-1-4869587|archive-date=12 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2010, Nottingham was named ''England's least car-dependent city'' by the [[Campaign for Better Transport (United Kingdom)|Campaign for Better Transport]] with London, Brighton and Manchester in second, third and fourth place, respectively.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/sep/14/nottingham-named-least-car-dependent| title=Nottingham named England's least car-dependent city| last=Milmo| first=Dan| work=The Guardian| date=14 September 2010| access-date=28 September 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104194626/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/sep/14/nottingham-named-least-car-dependent| archive-date=4 November 2013| url-status=live}}</ref> ===Scooter hire=== [[File:Superpedestrian Link scooters, 2021.jpg|thumb|Scooters for hire in [[Los Angeles]], U.S.]] Nottingham was one of several trial locations arranged by the [[Department for Transport]] to facilitate local journeys by [[Motorized scooter|electric scooter]]s. Started in October 2020 together with [[Derby City Council]], in December 2023 the trial was extended until 2026. Riders must be 18 years of age minimum, hold a full provisional driving licence, must ride on roads and bus lanes only, not pedestrian footways, and pay by mobile-phone app.<ref>{{cite web | last=Locker | first=Joe | title=Decision taken on extension of city's e-scooter scheme | website=Nottinghamshire Live | date=2023-12-05 | url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/nottingham-e-scooter-scheme-extended-8954444 }}</ref> In late December 2023, the partner-business, US-based [[Superpedestrian]], planned to cease trading by 31 December, and the scooters were withdrawn from their city centre locations.<ref>{{cite web | last=Hartley | first=Joshua | title=Disappearance of city's 'nuisance' e-scooters welcomed by residents | website=Nottinghamshire Live | date=2023-12-27 | url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/disappearance-nottinghams-nuisance-e-scooters-8999512 }}</ref> Nottingham City Council are to seek a new provider to continue the scheme. ===Waterways=== [[File:Castle Wharf, Nottingham (geograph 7295036).jpg|thumb|[[Nottingham Canal]]]] Nottingham's waterways, now primarily used for leisure, were used extensively for transportation in the past. ==Public services== ===Emergency=== {{see also|Healthcare in Nottinghamshire}} Fire and rescue services are provided by [[Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service]], and emergency medical care by [[East Midlands Ambulance Service]], both of which have their headquarters in Nottingham. There are two major [[National Health Service]] hospitals in Nottingham, the [[Queen's Medical Centre]] (QMC) and [[Nottingham City Hospital]], both managed by the [[Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust]]. The QMC is a [[teaching hospital]] with close connections to the [[University of Nottingham Medical School|Medical School at Nottingham University]]; until 2012, it was the largest hospital in the UK. Nottingham City Hospital includes maternity and neonatal facilities but has no [[Emergency department|A&E department]]. Students from the Medical School are attached to most of the departments at City Hospital as part of their clinical training. Law enforcement is carried out by [[Nottinghamshire Police]], whose headquarters are at Sherwood Lodge in [[Arnold, Nottinghamshire|Arnold]]. The city has a [[Nottingham Crown Court|Crown Court]] and a [[Nottingham Magistrates' Court|Magistrates' Court]]. Laurie Macdonald of ''Inside One'' magazine observes that Nottingham's former high crime rate earned it the nickname "Shottingham", but that by 2013 this image was outdated. The article was written in response to a [[uSwitch]] survey that had found south Nottinghamshire to be the fourth-best place to live in the UK in terms of living standards. Crime in the city of Nottingham had also fallen by three-quarters since 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://insideonemagazine.com/shottingham-notts/|title=Shottingham? I think Notts|first=Laurie|last=Macdonald|date=27 November 2013|work=Inside One magazine|publisher=Milford Scott|quote=Nottingham seems to have been given a bad reputation by the rest of the country, with nickname 'Shottingham' being the favourite|access-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104153743/http://insideonemagazine.com/shottingham-notts/|archive-date=4 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Utilities=== [[Severn Trent|Severn Trent Water]] is the company responsible for supplying fresh water to households and businesses in Nottingham, as well as the treatment of sewage. Severn Trent took over these services from the [[City of Nottingham Water Department]] in 1974. Nottingham was host to the UK's first and only local authority–owned and not-for-profit energy company, [[Robin Hood Energy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nottingham City Council energy company claims UK first |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-34171736 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=1 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909173822/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-34171736 |archive-date=9 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Robin Hood Energy: Nottingham launches not-for-profit power firm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/07/robin-hood-energy-nottingham-council-launches-not-for-profit-energy-company |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 September 2015 |access-date=1 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002112005/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/07/robin-hood-energy-nottingham-council-launches-not-for-profit-energy-company |archive-date=2 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Veolia]] operates a [[cogeneration]] (CHP) plant in Nottingham for generating energy from [[biomass]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.veolia.co.uk/press-releases/veolia-appointed-operator-new-biomass-chp-nottingham|title=Veolia appointed operator of new Biomass CHP in Nottingham|date=2 December 2015|publisher=[[Veolia]]|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015431/https://www.veolia.co.uk/press-releases/veolia-appointed-operator-new-biomass-chp-nottingham|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The city has one of the largest [[district heating]] schemes in the UK, operated by EnviroEnergy Limited, which is wholly owned by Nottingham City Council. The plant in the city centre supplies heat to 4,600 homes and a wide variety of business premises, including the Concert Hall, the Nottingham Arena, the Victoria Baths, the Broadmarsh Shopping Centre, the Victoria Centre, and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://enviroenergy.co.uk/about-us/|title=About EnviroEnergy|website=enviroenergy.co.uk|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015208/https://enviroenergy.co.uk/about-us/|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Religion== [[File:Nottingham Roman Catholic Cathedral.jpg|thumb|[[Nottingham Cathedral]]]] [[File:Nottingham Cathedral, Nottinghamshire, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|[[Nottingham Cathedral]]]] Historically, the requirement for city status was the presence of an Anglican (Church of England) cathedral; however, Nottingham does not have one of these, having only been designated a city in 1897 in celebration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. From around AD 1100, Nottingham was part of the [[Diocese of Lichfield]], controlled as an [[Archdeacon of Nottingham|archdeaconry]] from [[Lichfield Cathedral]] in Staffordshire. In 1837, Nottingham's archdeaconry was placed under the control of the [[Diocese of Lincoln]] and, in 1884, it was incorporated into the newly created [[Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham|Diocese of Southwell]] which it is still part of today. The bishop is based at [[Southwell Minster]], {{convert|14|mi|0}} northeast of the city. [[File:St Mary Nottingham.jpg|thumb|[[St Mary's Church, Nottingham]]]] Although lacking an Anglican cathedral, Nottingham has three notable historic [[Church of England parish church|Anglican parish churches]], all of which date back to the [[Middle Ages]]. The oldest and largest of these is [[St Mary's Church, Nottingham|St. Mary the Virgin]], situated in the Lace Market. The church dates from the eighth or ninth centuries, but the present structure is at least the third building on the site, dating primarily from 1377 to 1485. A member of the [[Major Churches Network]], St. Mary's is considered the [[mother church]] of the city and is used for holding civic services, including the annual welcome to the new Lord Mayor. In the heart of the city is [[St Peter's Church, Nottingham|St. Peter's]], the oldest building in continuous use in Nottingham, with traces of building dating back to 1180. The third notable Anglican parish church is [[St Nicholas Church, Nottingham|St. Nicholas']], known locally as "St. Nic's", situated on the edge of the city centre in the direction of the castle. There are various chapels and meeting rooms in Nottingham. Many of the grand buildings have been demolished, including [[Halifax Place Wesleyan Chapel]], but some have been re-used, notably [[High Pavement Chapel]] which is now a public house. The city has three [[Christadelphian]] meeting halls and is home to the national headquarters of the [[Congregational Federation]]. Nottingham is one of 18 British cities that do not have an Anglican cathedral.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lovemytown.co.uk/citystatus/index.htm |title=City Status |publisher=Lovemytown.co.uk |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620043638/http://lovemytown.co.uk/CityStatus/index.htm |archive-date=20 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lovemytown.co.uk/Cathedrals/CathedralsTable3.asp |title=Cathedrals |publisher=Lovemytown.co.uk |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116110835/http://www.lovemytown.co.uk/Cathedrals/CathedralsTable3.asp |archive-date=16 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is, however, home to the [[Nottingham Cathedral|Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Barnabas]], which was designed by [[Augustus Pugin]] and [[consecration|consecrated]] in 1844. It is the cathedral church for the Roman Catholic [[Diocese of Nottingham]]. Today, there are places of worship for all major religions, including Christianity and [[Islam]] (with 32 mosques in Nottingham).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamicguide.co.uk |title=UK Mosque Masjid Directory, Muslim directory |publisher=Islamic directory |website=Islamicguide.co.uk |access-date=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221080225/http://islamicguide.co.uk/ |archive-date=21 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Demographics== {{Main|Demographics of Nottingham}} [[File:Ethnic demography of Nottingham over time.gif|thumb|Ethnic demography of Nottingham over time]] {| class="wikitable" style="border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;" |+ Contemporary and projected population growth in Nottingham |- ! Year ! 1981 ! 1991 ! 2001 ! 2011 ! 2016 ! 2021 ! 2031 |- ! Population | 263,581 | 263,526 | 266,987 | 305,680 | 325,282 | 323,632 | 354,000 |- ! Source | colspan=4 |Census<ref>Vision of Britain through time</ref> | [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]<ref>mid year estimate</ref> | ONS<ref name="2021 Nomis"/> | ONS Projections<ref>''[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] population projections 2014 base / projections uplifted by '21–4,800/'31-5,300 given underestimation at 2016 – c. 5,000/''</ref> |} The population of Nottingham is {{English district population|GSS=E06000018}} ({{United Kingdom statistics year}}).<ref name=popstats /> The population of [[Greater Nottingham]] is 729,977 (2011) and the Metro population is 1,543,000 (2011). The city of Nottingham has a density of {{convert|4,338|PD/km2|abbr=on}}. 65.9% are White, 14.9% Asian, 10% of West Indian origins, 5.9% are of mixed heritages and other groups are 3.3%.<ref name="2021 Nomis"/> ==Media== ===Television=== {{main|BBC East Midlands|Carlton Studios, Nottingham}} The [[BBC]] has its [[BBC East Midlands|East Midlands]] headquarters in Nottingham on London Road. ''[[BBC East Midlands Today]]'' is broadcast from the city every weeknight at 6:30 pm. From 1983 to 2005 [[ITV Central|Central Television]] (the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] region for the east Midlands) had a studio complex on Lenton Lane, producing programmes for various networks and broadcasting regional news. The studios are now a satellite campus of the University of Nottingham, since 2005. The city was granted permission by Ofcom to establish its own local television station. After a tender process, Confetti College was awarded the licence. The station was declared open by [[Prince Harry]] in April 2013 and [[Notts TV]] began broadcasting in spring 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notts TV |url=http://www.confetti.uk.com/about/confetti-tv-channel-bid/ |website=Confetti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301071831/http://www.confetti.uk.com/about/confetti-tv-channel-bid/ |archive-date=1 March 2013}}</ref> === Radio === In addition to the national commercial and BBC radio stations, the Nottingham area is served by licensed commercial radio stations (though all broadcast to a wider area than the city). Radio stations include: * [[BBC Radio Nottingham]] (103.8 FM & [[Digital Audio Broadcasting|DAB]]) * [[Gold (British radio network)|Gold East Midlands]] (DAB) * [[Greatest Hits Radio Midlands]] (106.0 FM & DAB) * [[Hits Radio East Midlands]] (DAB) * [[Capital Midlands]] (96.2 FM & DAB) * [[Smooth East Midlands]] (106.6 FM & DAB) * [[Kemet FM]] (97.5 FM) * Radio Dawn (107.6 FM) The city's two universities both broadcast their own student radio station. [[Fly FM (Nottingham)|Fly FM]]<!--Not to be confused with Malaysian [[Fly FM]] wiki--> is based at Nottingham Trent University's city campus and is broadcast online. The station originated in 1996 with its original name of Kick FM.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.studentradio.org.uk/stations/fly-fm/ |title=Fly FM – Nottingham Trent Students Union |work=[[Student Radio Association]] |access-date=21 August 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807174807/http://www.studentradio.org.uk/stations/fly-fm/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[University Radio Nottingham]] (URN) is broadcast around Nottingham University's main and Sutton Bonington campuses on medium wave (AM), as well as over the internet. URN was founded in 1979 after starting out with a slot on BBC Radio Nottingham in the late 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.studentradio.org.uk/stations/urn/ |title=URN – University of Nottingham |work=[[Student Radio Association]] |access-date=21 August 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814133951/https://www.studentradio.org.uk/stations/urn/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Newspapers and magazines=== Nottingham's main local newspaper, the ''[[Nottingham Post]]'', is owned by [[Local World]] and is published daily from Monday to Saturday each week. [[LeftLion|''LeftLion'' magazine]] (established 2003) is distributed free of charge across the city, covering Nottingham culture including music, art, theatre, comedy, food and drink. Student tabloid ''[[The Tab]]'' also publishes online content and has teams at both universities.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Tab – University of Nottingham|url=https://thetab.com/uk/nottingham/|access-date=21 December 2018|work=[[The Tab]]|publisher=Tab Media|date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221131153/https://thetab.com/uk/nottingham/|archive-date=21 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Tab – Nottingham Trent University|url=https://thetab.com/uk/trent/|access-date=21 December 2018|work=[[The Tab]]|publisher=Tab Media|date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221131205/https://thetab.com/uk/trent/|archive-date=21 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Film=== [[File:Wollaton Park MMB 07.jpg|thumb|[[Wollaton Hall]] was used as [[Wayne Manor]] in the Batman film ''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''.]] Nottingham has been used as a location in many locally, nationally, and internationally produced films. Movies that have been filmed (partly or entirely) in Nottingham include:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.simplythrilled.co.uk/film-video-production-nottingham/|title=A History of Film & Video Production in Nottingham|date=26 November 2017|work=Simply Thrilled|access-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529054328/https://www.simplythrilled.co.uk/film-video-production-nottingham/|archive-date=29 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=24em}} *''[[Saturday Night and Sunday Morning]]'' (1960) *''[[The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film)|The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner]]'' (1962) *''[[The Ragman's Daughter]]'' (1972) *''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' (1973) *''[[In Celebration (film)|In Celebration]]'' (1975) *''[[Twenty Four Seven (film)|Twenty Four Seven]]'' (1997) *''[[Once Upon a Time in the Midlands]]'' (2002) *''[[This Is England]]'' (2006) *''[[Magicians (2007 film)|Magicians]]'' (2007) *''[[Control (2007 film)|Control]]'' (2007) *''[[Mum & Dad]]'' (2008) *''[[Easy Virtue (2008 film)|Easy Virtue]]'' (2008) *''[[Bronson (film)|Bronson]]'' (2009) *''[[The Unloved]]'' (2009) *''[[Le Donk & Scor-zay-zee]]'' (2009) *''[[Goal III: Taking on the World|Goal 3]]'' (2009) *''[[Bunny and the Bull]]'' (2009) *''[[A Boy Called Dad]]'' (2009) *''[[Oranges and Sunshine (film)|Oranges and Sunshine]]'' (2010) *''[[Weekend (2011 film)|Weekend]]'' (2011) *''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]'' (2012) {{div col end}} ==International relations== {{see also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom}} Nottingham is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the following cities:<ref name="Nottingham twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16599 |title=European networks and city partnerships |publisher=Nottingham City Council |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=20 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013081601/http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=16599 |archive-date=13 October 2012}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=24em}} *[[Ljubljana]], Slovenia (1963)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/><ref name="Ljubljana twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.ljubljana.si/si/ljubljana/pobratena-mesta-zdruzenja/ |title=Medmestno in mednarodno sodelovanje |access-date=27 July 2013 |work=Mestna občina Ljubljana (Ljubljana City) |language=sl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626075304/http://www.ljubljana.si/si/ljubljana/pobratena-mesta-zdruzenja/ |archive-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> *[[Minsk]], Belarus (1966–2022)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/><ref name="Minsk">{{cite web |url=http://minsk.gov.by/ru/city/ |title=[Twin towns and Sister cities of Minsk] |publisher=Minsk City Executive Committee |access-date=21 July 2013 |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502075333/http://minsk.gov.by/ru/city/ |archive-date=2 May 2013}}</ref> *[[Karlsruhe]], Germany (1969)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/><ref name="Karlsruhe twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.karlsruhe.de/stadt/international/partnerstaedte.de |trans-title=Town twinning |title = Städtepartnerschaften |access-date=5 January 2011 |date=16 December 2010 |publisher=Stadt Karlsruhe |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724221530/http://www.karlsruhe.de/stadt/international/partnerstaedte.de |archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> *[[Harare]], Zimbabwe (1981)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/> *[[Ghent]], Belgium (1985)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/><ref name="Ghent twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/4/216.cmVjPTEyNDIxNQ.html |title=Ghent Zustersteden |access-date=20 July 2013 |work=Stad Gent |publisher=City of Ghent |language=nl |trans-title=Ghent Sister cities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728170602/http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/4/216.cmVjPTEyNDIxNQ.html |archive-date=28 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Ningbo]], China (2005)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/> *[[Timișoara]], Romania (2008)<ref name="Nottingham twinnings"/> *[[Krasnodar]], Russia (2012–2022)<ref name="Krasnodar">{{cite web |url=http://krd.ru/upravlenie-delami/mezhdunarodnye-svyazi/partnerskie-svyazi/goroda-pobratimy/nottingham/ |title=Ноттингем |language=ru |trans-title=Nottingham |website=Krd.ru |access-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630040719/http://krd.ru/upravlenie-delami/mezhdunarodnye-svyazi/partnerskie-svyazi/goroda-pobratimy/nottingham/ |archive-date=30 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Września]], Poland<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrzesnia.pl/web/index.php/strona-284-Historia_Historia_miasta.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113124000/http://www.wrzesnia.pl/web/index.php/strona-284-Historia_Historia_miasta.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2013 |first=Jakub |last=Goc |date=22 July 2017 |title=Historia miasta |website=Września |language=pl |trans-title=City history |access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> {{div col end}} Note: Ljubljana, Minsk, and Harare are [[capital cities]]. Nottingham ended its relations with Minsk and Krasnodar in March 2022.<ref>{{cite web | last=Brigstock | first=Jake | title=Council leader severs ties with Russian and Belarusian cities | website=Nottinghamshire Live | date=2022-03-02 | url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/council-leader-slams-regressive-ukraine-6744272 }}</ref> ==Notable people== {{main|List of people from Nottingham}} {{See also|Category:People from Nottingham}} ===List of mayors and lord mayors=== {{main|Lord Mayor of Nottingham}} ===The Sheriff of Nottingham=== {{main|Sheriff of Nottingham|Sheriff of Nottingham (position)}} ==See also== *[[List of public art in Nottingham]] *[[Listed buildings in Nottingham]] *[[1185 East Midlands earthquake]] *[[Snotingas]] *[[2023 Nottingham attacks]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== * Lomax, Scott. ''Nottingham: The Buried Past of a Historic City Revealed'' (Pen & Sword, 2013) * Mooney, Dave. ''A-Z of Nottingham: Places-People-History'' (Amberley, 2022) * Richards, Chris. ''Nottingham Through Time'' (Amberley, 2008) * [[Geoffrey Trease|Trease, Geoffrey]]. ''Nottingham. A Biography'' (Macmillan, 1970) ==External links== {{Sister project links | Nottingham | wikt=Nottingham | commons=Category:Nottingham | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=Nottingham | species=no | d=Q41262 | display=Nottingham}} {{Nottingham}} {{Nottinghamshire}} {{East Midlands}} {{Core Cities Group}} {{UK cities}} {{Unitary authorities of England}} {{Robin Hood}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Nottingham| ]] [[Category:Cities in the East Midlands]] [[Category:County towns in England]] [[Category:Local government districts of the East Midlands]] [[Category:Local government in Nottinghamshire]] [[Category:Towns in Nottinghamshire]] [[Category:Unitary authority districts of England]] [[Category:Unparished areas in Nottinghamshire]] [[Category:Boroughs in England]] [[Category:Former civil parishes in Nottinghamshire]]
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