Editing North Haven, Maine

{{Short description| Town in the state of Maine, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = North Haven, Maine
|settlement_type          = [[New England town|Town]]
|nickname                 =
|motto                    =
|image_skyline            = jp498northhavenharbor.jpg 
|imagesize                =
|image_caption            = Harborfront and ferry terminal, 2005
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =
|image_map                = Knox County Maine incorporated and unincorporated areas North Haven highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 260px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Knox County, Maine|Knox County]] and the state of [[Maine]]
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Maine]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Maine|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Knox County, Maine|Knox]]
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             =
|leader_name              =
|leader_title1            =
|leader_name1             =
|established_title        = Incorporated
|established_date         = 1846
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name ="Gazetteer files"/>
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 213.65
|area_land_km2            = 30.10
|area_water_km2           = 183.55
|area_total_sq_mi         = 82.49
|area_land_sq_mi          = 11.62
|area_water_sq_mi         = 70.87
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 417
|population_density_km2   = 13.9
|population_density_sq_mi =
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = −5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = −4
|elevation_footnotes      =
|elevation_m              = 0
|elevation_ft             = 0
|coordinates              = {{Coord|44|07|41|N|68|52|27|W|type:city_region:US-ME|display=title,inline}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code              = 04853
|area_code                = [[Area code 207|207]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 23-51620
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0582633
|website                  =
|footnotes                =
}}
'''North Haven''' is a [[New England town|town]] and island in [[Knox County, Maine|Knox County]], [[Maine]], United States, in [[Penobscot Bay]]. The town is both a year-round island community and a prominent [[summer colony]]. The population was 417 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2301351620 |title=Census - Geography Profile: North Haven town, Knox County, Maine|access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref> North Haven is accessible by thrice-daily [[Maine State Ferry Service|state ferry service]] from [[Rockland, Maine|Rockland]], or by [[air taxi]] from [[Knox County Regional Airport]].

==History==
As early as 3300 [[Common Era|BCE]], the island was visited by the [[Red Paint People]]. Later it became part of the territory of the [[Penobscot people|Penobscot]] [[Abenaki]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]], who hunted and fished in canoes along the coast. [[Martin Pring|Captain Martin Pring]], an explorer from [[Bristol, England|Bristol]], England, "discovered" North Haven and [[Vinalhaven, Maine|Vinalhaven]] in 1603. He called them the Fox Islands, a name that survives on the Fox Islands Thoroughfare, a strait separating the towns that provides passage for boats crossing [[Penobscot Bay]].<ref name="northhavenmaine.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.northhavenmaine.org/content/4099/Brief_History/|title=History|work=northhavenmaine.org|access-date=March 4, 2015}}</ref>

Settled in the 1760s, North Haven was originally the North Island of Vinalhaven, from which it was set off and incorporated on June 30, 1846, as Fox Isle. It was changed to North Haven on July 13, 1847. In 1850, the state legislature passed an act that gave the majority of island inhabitants "the right to have such roads as they deemed fit." The majority thereupon decided to have no roads at all, or else roads obstructed with gates or bars at the discretion of landowners. Not surprisingly, the minority of inhabitants petitioned to amend the act.<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book  | last = Coolidge  | first = Austin J.|author2=John B. Mansfield   | title = A History and Description of New England| publisher = A.J. Coolidge  | year = 1859| location = Boston, Massachusetts| page = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n271 236]| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ| quote = coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.  }}</ref>

Fishing and farming became chief occupations. The town's surface is even, and farmers produced hay as a staple crop. [[Boatbuilder|Boatbuilding]] became an important industry, and the community still has two boatyards. But many inhabitants were fishermen who caught lobsters, scallops and oysters.<ref name="Coolidge"/>

===Summer colony===
In the 1880s, the island was discovered by "rusticators", seasonal residents first from Boston, then a decade or two later from [[New York City, New York|New York]] and [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. North Haven is best known today for its sizable [[summer colony]] of prominent northeasterners, particularly [[Boston Brahmins]], drawn to the island for over a century to savor its simple way of life.<ref name="northhavenmaine.org"/> Among the more notable summer residents was the impressionist painter [[Frank Weston Benson]], who rented the Wooster Farm as a summer home and painted several notable canvases set on the island.<ref name="CalmMorning">{{cite web |title=Calm Morning |url=https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/calm-morning-34740 |website=Museum of Fine Arts Boston |access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref>

The southern side of the Fox Islands Thoroughfare is often informally considered part of North Haven, since Vinalhaven's north shore is nearly a dozen miles from that community's town center. In contrast to Vinalhaven, North Haven's economy relies less on the lobster industry and more on sustaining its summer resort community. Energy for the community is partially provided by the wind project in Vinalhaven through the [[Fox Island Electric Cooperative]].<ref name="Borst">Borst, Alan. [http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/mar10/mar10.pdf Community Wind: Maine island community lowering energy costs with wind-power project.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407221853/http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/mar10/mar10.pdf |date=April 7, 2010 }} ''[[Rural Cooperatives]].'' March/April 2010.</ref> Although the island is a popular destination, it actually provides few tourist amenities—two inns, a grocery store, two seasonal restaurants, a pizza shop, and two gift shops—and is instead geared toward those with vacation homes on the island.

A small population of [[Mouflon]] sheep (native to Europe and western Asia) escaped from an animal enclosure owned by [[Thomas Watson, Jr.]] on the island in the 1990s and some of the original population survives today.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/thomas-j-watson-jr |title=Thomas J. Watson, Jr Facts |publisher= Encyclopedia of World Biography. The Gale Group, Inc.|access-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref>

==North Haven Dinghy==
In 1885, [[Weld family#William Gordon Weld II|William Weld]] challenged the [[yachtsman|yachtsmen]] of North Haven to a race. He used the [[luxury yacht tender|tender]] from his yacht ''Gitana'' and unsuccessfully raced against a variety of sprit-sailed boats. That winter he went home and had a better dinghy designed and built in [[Salem, Massachusetts]]. The next year he beat all contenders. The boat was hauled out at North Haven, and two copies were made by Henry Calderwood. The subsequent race was between Mrs. Cobb, Miss Spencer and Miss Hayward. The first boats had [[spritsail]]s, but this soon gave way to [[gaff rig]]s. In 1888, James Osman Brown built four more dinghies. This was at the beginning of J. O. Brown & Sons boatyard. The racing fleet grew over the years. They are still raced out of North Haven's sailing club, the North Haven Casino, making them the oldest continuously raced class in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldvoyagers.com/boatbuilder/nhtmb.htm|title=North Haven Dingy Half-Hull Model|work=worldvoyagers.com|access-date=March 4, 2015}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has an area of {{convert|82.49|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|11.62|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|70.87|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 16, 2012}}</ref> At its widest points, the island is roughly {{convert|7.9|mi|km}} long and {{convert|2.9|mi|km}} wide. It is in [[Penobscot Bay]] and the [[Gulf of Maine]], part of the [[Atlantic Ocean]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 806
|1860= 951
|1870= 806
|1880= 755
|1890= 552
|1900= 551
|1910= 535
|1920= 510
|1930= 476
|1940= 460
|1950= 410
|1960= 384
|1970= 399
|1980= 373
|1990= 332
|2000= 381
|2010= 355
|2020= 417
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 381 people, 162 households, and 109 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|32.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 488 housing units at an average density of {{convert|41.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the town was 95.28% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.05% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 3.15% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.52% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.36% of the population.

There were 162 households, of which 29.0% had children under 18 living with them, 57.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 39. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 112.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,446, and the median income for a family was $42,361. Males had a median income of $31,071 versus $16,000 for females. The [[per capita income]] was $17,112. About 4.4% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 2.8% of those under 18 and 6.3% of those 65 or over.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 16, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 355 people, 165 households, and 105 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|30.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 515 housing units at an average density of {{convert|44.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 96.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.3% of the population.

There were 165 households, of which 23.0% had children under 18 living with them, 49.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.62.

The median age in the town was 44.5. 20% of residents were under 18; 5.6% were between 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 29.1% were from 45 to 64; and 19.4% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.4% male and 47.6% female.

==Education==
North Haven is unusual among Maine island communities in offering a K–12 school; most islands have only elementary schools and send their high school students to schools on the mainland ([[Vinalhaven, Maine|Vinalhaven]], [[Mount Desert Island]], Deer isle and [[Islesboro, Maine|Islesboro]] are the only other islands to offer K–12 education). North Haven Community School is one of Maine's smallest public schools. Its motto is "Competence, Compassion, Challenge and Community." Notable alumni include [[Hannah Pingree]], who served as Maine's Speaker of the House of Representatives for two terms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://northhavenschool.weebly.com/about.html|title=About}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
[[Image:jp498bht2northhaven.jpg|thumb|right|375px|North Haven and the Fox Islands Thoroughfare viewed from Rockland]]
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{{div col}}
* [[Angela Adams]], designer
* [[Frank Weston Benson]], artist with summer home on North Haven
* [[Harold Beverage]], electrical engineer and inventor
* [[Elizabeth Bishop]], poet
* [[Jonathan Bush]], banker
* [[Henry N. Cobb]], architect
* [[Pete du Pont|Pierre S. du Pont IV]], politician
* [[J. Christopher Flowers]], banker<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2009/08/31/magazines/fortune/chris_flowers.fortune/index.htm Chris Flowers: Checkmate for a Wall Street wizard? - Aug. 31, 2009] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Eric Hopkins]], painter
* [[Ned Lamont]], Governor of Connecticut since 2019<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/05/nyregion/05families.html When Political Paths Diverge but Old Loyalties Endure, ''New York Times'', By SAM ROBERTS, NOV. 5, 2006] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Burke Marshall]], lawyer, professor<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/23/style/ms-marshall-plans-to-wed.html MS. MARSHALL PLANS TO WED - NYTimes.com] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Susan Minot]], writer<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/09/magazine/09MIN.html A Family History in Rewrite - The New York Times] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Robert Montgomery (actor)|Robert Montgomery]], actor and father of [[Elizabeth Montgomery]]<ref>[http://www.goldenage-wtic.org/gaor-74.html "The Golden Age of Radio" (As originally broadcast on WTIC, Hartford, CT)] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Dwight Morrow]], ambassador<ref>[http://images.library.yale.edu/madid/oneItem.aspx?id=1952908&q=&q1=0325B&q2=&qc1=contains&qc2=&qf1=subject1&qf2=&qn=&qo=&qm=15&qs=406&sid=&qx=1004.2 Deacon Brown's Point, the Morrows' summer home at North Haven, Maine] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Chellie Pingree]], U.S. representative, Maine Senate majority leader
* [[Hannah Pingree]], former speaker of the Maine House of Representatives
* [[Nicholas Platt]], US ambassador
* [[Oliver Platt]], actor<ref>[http://www.portlandmonthly.com/portmag/2014/06/star-map-of-north-haven-island/ Star Map of North Haven Island | Portland Magazine] Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
* [[Matthew Simmons]], investment banker
* [[John Sirica]], U.S. District Court Judge, Watergate figure
* [[Herbert Eustis Winlock]], Egyptologist 
* [[Wilford Woodruff]], 4th president of the LDS Church, spent August 1837 to May 1838 on North Haven and in 1838 led 53 new members to Missouri but continued to Nauvoo, Illinois, after the [[1838 Mormon War|1838 Missouri Mormon War]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/banner-gospel-wilford-woodruff/1-images-wilford-woodruffs-life-photographic-journey|title=1. Images of Wilford Woodruff's Life: A Photographic Journey|work=byu.edu|access-date=March 4, 2015}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[List of islands of Maine]]
* [[Vinalhaven, Maine]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|North Haven, Maine}}
* [http://www.northhavenmaine.org Town of North Haven, Maine]
* [http://www.NorthHavenLibrary.org North Haven Library]
* [http://www.northhavenconservation.org/ North Haven Conservation Partners]

{{Knox County, Maine}}
{{Maine Islands}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Islands of Knox County, Maine]]
[[Category:Towns in Knox County, Maine]]
[[Category:Towns in Maine]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Maine]]
[[Category:Islands of Maine]]
[[Category:Coastal islands of Maine]]