Editing Norman Rockwell

{{Short description|American painter and illustrator (1894–1978)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox artist
| name             = Norman Rockwell
| image            = Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg
| caption          = Rockwell in {{c.|1921}}
| birth_name       = Norman Percevel Rockwell
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1894|2|3}}
| birth_place      = New York City, U.S.
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|1978|11|8|1894|2|3}}
| death_place      = [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| field            = {{hlist | Painting | [[Illustration]]}}
| training         = {{ubl|[[Parsons School of Design|Chase Art School]]|[[National Academy of Design]] | [[Art Students League of New York|Art Students League]]}}
| movement         = 
| works            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Willie Gillis]]
* [[Rosie the Riveter#Saturday Evening Post|Rosie the Riveter]]
* ''[[Four Freedoms (Rockwell)|The Four Freedoms]]''
* ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]''
}}
| patrons          = <!-- Unknown -->
| awards           = [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
| children         = 3; including [[Peter Rockwell|Peter]] and [[Thomas Rockwell|Thomas]]
| spouse           = {{ubl|
*{{Marriage|Irene O'Connor|1916|1930|end=divorced}}
*{{marriage|Mary Barstow|1930|1959|end=died}} 
*{{marriage|Mary Leete "Mollie" Punderson|1961}}
}}
}}

'''Norman Percevel Rockwell''' (February 3, 1894 – November 8, 1978) was an American [[painter]] and [[illustrator]]. His works have a broad popular appeal in the United States for their reflection of [[Culture of the United States|the country's culture]]. Rockwell is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life he created for ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' magazine over nearly five decades.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.nrm.org/about-2/about-norman-rockwell/ | title = About Norman Rockwell | publisher = Norman Rockwell Museum | date = 2014 | access-date = July 18, 2014 | archive-date = July 6, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140706144239/http://www.nrm.org/about-2/about-norman-rockwell/ | url-status = live }}</ref> Among the best-known of Rockwell's works are the ''[[Willie Gillis]]'' series, ''[[Rosie the Riveter#Saturday Evening Post|Rosie the Riveter]]'', the ''[[Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell)|Four Freedoms]]'' series, ''[[Saying Grace (Rockwell)|Saying Grace]]'', and ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]''. He is also noted for his 64-year relationship with the [[Boy Scouts of America]] (BSA), during which he produced covers for their publication ''Boys' Life'' (now ''[[Scout Life]]''), calendars, and other illustrations. These works include popular images that reflect the [[Scout Promise|Scout Oath]] and ''[[Scout Law]]'' such as ''[[The Scoutmaster]]'', ''A Scout Is Reverent'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Scout Is Reverent |url=http://www.bsamuseum.org/filestore/museum/images/cellphone/07.jpg |department=National Scouting Museum |publisher=[[Boy Scouts of America]] |date=2010 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610170333/http://www.bsamuseum.org/filestore/museum/images/cellphone/07.jpg |archive-date=June 10, 2013 }}</ref> and ''A Guiding Hand''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guiding Hand |url=http://www.bsamuseum.org/filestore/museum/images/cellphone/06.jpg |department=National Scouting Museum |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |date=2010 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610143029/http://www.bsamuseum.org/filestore/museum/images/cellphone/06.jpg |archive-date=June 10, 2013 }}</ref>

Rockwell was a prolific artist, producing more than 4,000 original works in his lifetime. Most of his surviving works are in public collections. Rockwell was also commissioned to illustrate more than 40 books, including ''[[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer|Tom Sawyer]]'' and ''[[The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn|Huckleberry Finn]]'' and to paint portraits of Presidents [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]], [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]], and [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]], as well as those of foreign figures, including [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. His portrait subjects also included [[Judy Garland]]. One of his last portraits was of [[Colonel Sanders]] in 1973. His annual contributions for the Boy Scouts calendars between 1925 and 1976 were only slightly overshadowed by his most popular of calendar works: the "Four Seasons" illustrations for [[Brown & Bigelow]] that were published for 17 years beginning in 1947 and reproduced in various styles and sizes since 1964. He created artwork for advertisements for Coca-Cola, Jell-O, General Motors, Scott Tissue, and other companies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collecting Norman Rockwell in magazines with a focus on Norman Rockwell ads. |url=https://collectingoldmagazines.com/magazine-personalities/norman-rockwell-ads/ |access-date=June 19, 2017 |publisher=CollectingOldMagazines.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722140956/http://collectingoldmagazines.com/magazine-personalities/norman-rockwell-ads/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Illustrations for booklets, catalogs, posters (particularly movie promotions), sheet music, stamps, playing cards, and murals (including "Yankee Doodle Dandy"{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=261}} and "God Bless the Hills", which was completed in 1936 for the [[Nassau Inn]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]]) rounded out Rockwell's oeuvre as an illustrator.

Rockwell's work was dismissed by serious art critics in his lifetime.<ref name="VanityFair">{{cite magazine | first = Jim | last = Windolf | url = http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/indianajones200802?currentPage=5 | title = Keys to the Kingdom | magazine = Vanity Fair | date = February 2008 | access-date = April 28, 2012 | archive-date = July 16, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120716095730/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2008/02/indianajones200802?currentPage=5 | url-status = live }}</ref> Many of his works appear overly sweet in the opinion of modern critics,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Solomon |first=Deborah |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/24/magazine/in-praise-of-bad-art.html |title=In Praise of Bad Art |newspaper=The New York Times Magazine |date=January 24, 1999 |access-date=April 28, 2012 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311171707/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/24/magazine/in-praise-of-bad-art.html |url-status=live }}</ref> especially ''The Saturday Evening Post'' covers, which tend toward idealistic or sentimentalized portrayals of American life. This has led to the often deprecatory adjective "Rockwellesque". Consequently, Rockwell is not considered a "serious painter" by some contemporary artists, who regard his work as [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] and [[kitsch]]. Writer [[Vladimir Nabokov]] stated that Rockwell's brilliant technique was put to "banal" use, and wrote in his novel ''[[Pnin (novel)|Pnin]]'': "That [[Salvador Dalí|Dalí]] is really Norman Rockwell's twin brother {{sic|hide=y|kidnap|ed}} by {{sic|hide=y|gypsies}} in babyhood."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbyVrt0J6E4C&dq=pnin+%22norman+rockwell%22&pg=PA96|title=Pnin|last=Nabokov |first= Vladimir|author-link=Vladimir Nabokov|publisher=Random House|page=96|date=1989|isbn=9780307787477|orig-year=1st pub. 1957}}</ref> He is called an "illustrator" instead of an artist by some critics, a designation he did not mind, as that was what he called himself.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrm.org./page38 |title=Art of Illustration |publisher=Norman Rockwell Museum |access-date=April 28, 2012 |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106000651/http://nrm.org/page38 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In his later years, Rockwell began receiving more attention as a painter when he chose more serious subjects such as the series on racism for [[Look (American magazine)|''Look'' magazine]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=13 |title= Norman Rockwell Wins Medal of Freedom |publisher= Mass moments |access-date= April 28, 2012 |archive-date= March 23, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120323202137/http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=13 |url-status= live }}</ref> One example of this more serious work is ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]'', which dealt with the issue of school [[racial integration]]. The painting depicts [[Ruby Bridges]], flanked by white [[United States Marshals Service|federal marshals]], walking to school past a wall defaced by racist graffiti.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michelle |last=Miller |title=Ruby Bridges, Rockwell Muse, Goes Back to School |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ruby-bridges-rockwell-muse-goes-back-to-school/ |work=CBS Evening News with Katie Couric |publisher=CBS Interactive |date=November 12, 2010 |access-date=November 13, 2010 |archive-date=November 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113223634/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/11/12/eveningnews/main7049471.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> This 1964 painting was displayed in the [[White House]] when Bridges met with President [[Barack Obama]] in 2011.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCsJ-24MdZc|title=Ruby Bridges visits with the President and her portrait|date=July 15, 2011|via=YouTube}}</ref>

==Life==

===Early years===
[[File:BoysLifeSeptember1913.png|thumb|upright|''Scout at Ship's Wheel'', 1913]]
Norman Rockwell was born on February 3, 1894, in [[New York City]], to Jarvis Waring Rockwell and Anne Mary "Nancy" (née Hill) Rockwell<ref>{{cite book | last =Boughton | first = James |year=1903 |title= Genealogy of the families of John Rockwell, of Stamford, Connecticut 1641, and Ralph Keeler, of Hartford, Connecticut 1939 | publisher = WF Jones |page=441}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1 =Roberts | first1 = Gary Boyd | first2 = David Curtis | last2 = Dearborn | year =1998 |title=Notable Kin: An Anthology of Columns First Published in the NEHGS Nexus, 1986–1995 | place = Boston, Massachusetts | publisher = Carl Boyer in cooperation with the New England Historic Genealogical Society |page= 28 | isbn= 978-0-936124-20-9}}</ref>{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=20, 29}} His father was a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]]<!-- Presbyterian Church (USA) --> and his mother was an [[Episcopalianism|Episcopalian]];{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=28}} two years after their engagement, he converted to the Episcopal faith.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=29}} Rockwell's earliest American ancestor was John Rockwell (1588–1662), from [[Somerset]], England, who immigrated to colonial [[North America]], probably in 1635, aboard the ship ''Hopewell'' and became one of the first settlers of [[Windsor, Connecticut]]. Rockwell had one brother, Jarvis Jr., older by a year and a half.<ref name=RockwellM-NRGUinA-p10-11>{{cite book | last =Rockwell | first = Margaret |year= 1998 |title = Norman Rockwell's Growing Up in America |publisher=Metro Books |pages=10–11 |isbn = 978-1-56799-598-5}}</ref><ref>SSDI. – SS#: 177-01-3581.</ref> Jarvis Sr. was the manager of the New York office of a Philadelphia textile firm, George Wood, Sons & Company, where he spent his entire career.<ref name=RockwellM-NRGUinA-p10-11 />{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=30, 47, 150}}<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Rockwell | first1 = Norman | first2 = Thomas | last2 = Rockwell |year= 1988 |title= Norman Rockwell, My Adventures as an Illustrator | publisher = Abrams | page=27 |isbn= 978-0-8109-1563-3}}</ref>

Rockwell transferred from high school to the Chase Art School (later [[Parsons School of Design]]) at the age of 14. He then went on to the [[National Academy of Design]] and finally to the [[Art Students League of New York]].{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=91–93, 99}} There, Rockwell was taught by Thomas Fogarty, [[George Bridgman]], and [[Frank DuMond|Frank Vincent DuMond]];{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=93–97, 112}} his early works were produced for ''[[St. Nicholas Magazine]]'', the [[Boy Scouts of America]] (BSA) magazine ''[[Boys' Life]]'',{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=113}} and other youth publications. As a student, Rockwell had some small jobs, including one as a [[supernumerary actor|supernumerary]] at the [[Metropolitan Opera]].{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=101}} His first major artistic job came at age 18, illustrating [[Carl H. Claudy]]'s book ''Tell Me Why: Stories about Mother Nature''.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=102}}

After that, Rockwell was hired as a staff artist for ''Boys' Life''. In this role, he received 50 dollars' compensation each month for one completed cover and a set of story illustrations. It is said to have been his first paying job as an artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Norman Rockwell |url=http://www.bsamuseum.org/Exhibitions/Rockwell.aspx |website=National Scouting Museum |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |date=2010 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023054615/http://bsamuseum.org/Exhibitions/Rockwell.aspx |archive-date=October 23, 2014 }}</ref> At 19, Rockwell became the art editor for ''Boys' Life'', published by the Boy Scouts of America. He held the job for three years,<ref name=Scouting08>{{cite journal |title = Rockwell and Csatari: A tour de force |journal=[[Scouting (magazine)|Scouting]] |date= March–April 2008 |page= 6}}</ref> during which Rockwell painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, ''Scout at Ship's Wheel'', which appeared on the ''Boys' Life'' September 1913 edition.

===Association with ''The Saturday Evening Post''===
[[File:Norman Rockwell Red Cross Magazine 1918.jpg|thumb|upright|Rockwell's first Scouting calendar, 1925]]
[[File:SaturdayEveningPost27Sep1924.jpg|thumb|''Saturday Evening Post'' cover (September 27, 1924)]]
[[File:Norman Rockwell - Cousin Reginald Spells Peloponnesus (Spelling Bee) - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Cousin Reginald Spells Peloponnesus''. Norman Rockwell, 1918.]]

Rockwell's family moved to [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]], New York, when Norman was 21 years old. They shared a studio with the [[cartoonist]] Clyde Forsythe, who worked for ''The Saturday Evening Post''. With Forsythe's help, Rockwell submitted his first successful cover painting to the ''Post'' in 1916,{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=130–132}} ''Mother's Day Off'' (published on May 20). He followed that success with ''Circus Barker and Strongman'' (published on June 3), ''Gramps at the Plate'' (August 5), ''Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins'' (September 16), ''People in a Theatre Balcony'' (October 14), and ''Man Playing Santa'' (December 9). Rockwell was published eight times on the ''Post'' cover within the first year. Ultimately, Rockwell published 323 original covers<!--number of covers differs from figure in paragraph below, which is correct?--> for ''The Saturday Evening Post'' over 47 years. His ''Sharp Harmony'' appeared on the cover of the issue dated September 26, 1936; it depicts a [[barber]] and three clients, enjoying an [[a cappella]] song. The image was adopted by [[Barbershop Harmony Society|SPEBSQSA]] in its promotion of the art.

Rockwell's success on the cover of the ''Post'' led to covers for other magazines of the day, most notably the ''[[Literary Digest]]'', the ''[[Country Gentleman]]'', ''[[Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper|Leslie's Weekly]]'', ''[[Judge (magazine)|Judge]]'', ''Peoples Popular Monthly'' and [[Life (magazine)|''Life'']] magazine.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=151}}

When Rockwell's tenure began with ''The Saturday Evening Post'' in 1916, he left his salaried position at ''Boys' Life'', but continued to include scouts in ''Post'' cover images and the monthly magazine of the ''American Red Cross''. He resumed work with the Boy Scouts of America in 1926 with production of his first of fifty-one original illustrations for the official Boy Scouts of America annual calendar, which still may be seen in the ''Norman Rockwell Art Gallery'' at the [[National Scouting Museum]]<ref>{{ cite web |title=Norman Rockwell |url=http://www.bsamuseum.org |website=National Scouting Museum |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |date=2010 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715113144/http://www.bsamuseum.org/ |archive-date=July 15, 2014}}</ref> in [[Cimarron, New Mexico]].

During World War I, he tried to enlist into the U.S. Navy but was refused entry because, at {{convert|140|lb|kg|0}}, he was eight pounds underweight for someone {{convert |6|ft|m}} tall. To compensate, he spent one night gorging himself on bananas, liquids and doughnuts, and weighed enough to enlist the next day. He was given the role of a military artist, however, and did not see any action during his tour of duty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patriotspoint.org/news_events/norman-rockwell-at-the-charleston-navy-yard/ |title=Norman Rockwell at The Charleston Navy Yard |first=Waring |last=Hills |date=June 9, 2010 |access-date=July 18, 2014 |archive-date=April 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413060758/http://www.patriotspoint.org/news_events/norman-rockwell-at-the-charleston-navy-yard/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===World War II===
[[File:"Freedom of Speech" - NARA - 513536.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Freedom of Speech (painting)|Freedom of Speech]]'', 1943]]
In 1943, during [[World War II]], Rockwell painted the ''[[Four Freedoms (Norman Rockwell)|Four Freedoms]]'' series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in him losing fifteen pounds. The series was inspired by a speech by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], wherein Roosevelt described and articulated [[Four Freedoms]] for universal rights. Rockwell then painted ''[[Freedom from Want (painting)|Freedom from Want]]'', ''[[Freedom of Speech (painting)|Freedom of Speech]]'', ''[[Freedom of Worship (painting)|Freedom of Worship]]''<ref name="Norman Rockwell Museum Detail Page">{{cite web | url = http://collections.nrm.org/search.do?id=249308&db=object&page=1&view=detail | title = Terms of Use | publisher = NRM | work = Collections | access-date = April 28, 2012 | archive-date = April 15, 2013 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130415124028/http://collections.nrm.org/search.do?id=249308&db=object&page=1&view=detail | url-status = live }}</ref> and ''[[Freedom from Fear (painting)|Freedom from Fear]]''.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=311}}

The paintings were published in 1943 by ''The Saturday Evening Post''. Rockwell used the Pennell shipbuilding family from Brunswick, Maine as models for two of the paintings, ''Freedom from Want'' and ''A Thankful Mother'', and would combine models from photographs and his own vision to create his idealistic paintings. The United States Department of the Treasury later promoted [[war bond]]s by exhibiting the originals in sixteen cities. Rockwell considered ''Freedom of Speech'' to be the best of the four.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=308–309, 313}}

[[File:"Freedom From Want" - NARA - 513539.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''[[Freedom from Want (painting)|Freedom from Want]]'', 1943]]
That same year, a fire in his studio destroyed numerous original paintings, costumes, and props.<ref name="Caplin">{{Citation | first = Elliott | last = Caplin | title = Al Capp Remembered | year = 1994}}.</ref> Because the period costumes and props were irreplaceable, the fire split his career into two phases, the second phase depicting modern characters and situations. Rockwell was contacted by writer [[Elliott Caplin]], brother of cartoonist [[Al Capp]], with the suggestion that the three of them should make a daily [[comic strip]] together, with Caplin and his brother writing and Rockwell drawing. King Features Syndicate is reported to have promised a $1,000 per week deal, knowing that a Capp–Rockwell collaboration would gain strong public interest. The project was ultimately aborted, however, as it turned out that Rockwell, known for his perfectionism as an artist, could not deliver material so quickly as would be required of him for a daily comic strip.<ref name="Caplin" />

===Later career===
During the late 1940s, Norman Rockwell spent the winter months as artist-in-residence at [[Otis College of Art and Design]]. Occasionally, students were models for his ''[[Saturday Evening Post]]'' covers.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=131–132}} In 1949, Rockwell donated an original ''Post'' cover, ''April Fool'', to be raffled off in a library fund raiser.

In 1959, after his wife Mary died suddenly from a heart attack,{{sfn|Gherman|2000|p=35}} Rockwell took time off from his work to grieve. It was during that break that he and his son Thomas produced Rockwell's autobiography, ''My Adventures as an Illustrator'', which was published in 1960. The ''Post'' printed excerpts from this book in eight consecutive issues, the first containing Rockwell's famous ''[[Triple Self-Portrait]]''.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=430}}

[[File:Rockwell studio rear.jpg|thumb|Norman Rockwell's studio in
[[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]]]]
Rockwell's last painting for the ''Post'' was published in 1963, marking the end of a publishing relationship that had included 321 cover paintings<!--differs from figure in paragraph above, which is correct?-->. He spent the next 10 years painting for [[Look (American magazine)|''Look'' magazine]], where his work depicted his interests in civil rights, poverty, and [[space exploration]].

In 1966, Rockwell was invited to Hollywood to paint portraits of the stars of the film [[Stagecoach (1966 film)|''Stagecoach'']], and also found himself appearing as an extra in the film, playing a "mangy old gambler".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrm.org/MT/text/StageCoach.html|title="Stagecoach" Portraits|access-date=December 8, 2016|archive-date=December 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220073035/http://www.nrm.org/MT/text/StageCoach.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1968, Rockwell was commissioned to do an album cover portrait of [[Mike Bloomfield]] and [[Al Kooper]] for their record, ''[[The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper]]''.<ref name=VF>{{cite magazine|last=Kamp|first=David|title=Erratum: Norman Rockwell Actually Did Rock Well|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2009/10/erratum-norman-rockwell-actually-did-rock-well.html|magazine=Vanity Fair|access-date=February 24, 2011|archive-date=March 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301113221/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2009/10/erratum-norman-rockwell-actually-did-rock-well.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

As a tribute on the 75th anniversary of Rockwell's birth, officials of Brown & Bigelow and the Boy Scouts of America asked Rockwell to pose in ''Beyond the Easel'' as the illustration for the 1969 Boy Scout calendar.<ref>{{cite book | first = William | last = Hillcourt | title = Norman Rockwell's World of Scouting | publisher=Harry N. Abrams |location = New York | year = 1977 | isbn = 978-0-8109-1582-4 | author-link = William Hillcourt}}</ref>

In 1969 the [[United States Bureau of Reclamation|U. S. Bureau of Reclamation]] commissioned Rockwell to paint the [[Glen Canyon Dam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bsumek |first1=Erika |title=Out of the Shadows: Norman Rockwell, Navajos, and American Politics |journal=Environmental History |date=2013 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=423–430 |jstor=24690430 |doi=10.1093/envhis/emt028 }}</ref>

His last commission for the Boy Scouts of America was a calendar illustration titled ''The Spirit of 1976'', which was completed when Rockwell was 82, concluding a partnership which generated 471 images for periodicals, guidebooks, calendars, and promotional materials. His connection to the BSA spanned 64 years, marking the longest professional association of his career. His legacy and style for the BSA has been carried on by [[Joseph Csatari]].

For "vivid and affectionate portraits of our country", Rockwell was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], the United States of America's highest civilian honor, in 1977 by President [[Gerald Ford]]. Rockwell's son, Jarvis, accepted the award.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=5550 | title = Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977 | access-date = May 22, 2011 | last = Wolley | first = John T. | author2 = Gerhard Peters | date = June 9, 1980 | work = The American Presidency Project | publisher = www.presidency.ucsb.edu | quote = But let me again congratulate each and every one of you. I regret that Irving Berlin, Alexander Calder, the late Alexander Calder, and Georgia O'Keeffe were unable to be represented here today. We will of course present their medals to them or to their families at a later date. | archive-date = February 2, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140202131816/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=5550 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

====Death====
[[File:Norman Rockwell grave 02.jpg|thumb|right|Rockwell's grave in Stockbridge Cemetery]]
Rockwell died on November 8, 1978, of [[emphysema]] at the age of&nbsp;84 in his Stockbridge, Massachusetts, home.<ref>{{cite web |title=Norman Rockwell: A Brief Biography |url=https://www.nrm.org/about/about-2/about-norman-rockwell/ |website=Norman Rockwell Museum |access-date=June 25, 2017 |archive-date=June 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613065307/http://www.nrm.org/about/about-2/about-norman-rockwell/ |url-status=live }}</ref> First Lady [[Rosalynn Carter]] attended Rockwell's funeral.

==Personal life==
[[File:Norman Rockwell 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Rockwell {{circa|1920–1925}}]]
Rockwell married his first wife, Irene O'Connor, on July 1, 1916.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=143–145}} Irene was Rockwell's model in ''Mother Tucking Children into Bed'', published on the cover of The ''[[Literary Digest]]'' on January 19, 1921. The couple divorced on January 13, 1930.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=214}}

Depressed, Rockwell moved briefly to [[Alhambra, California]], as a guest of his old friend Clyde Forsythe. There, Rockwell painted some of his best-known paintings, including ''The Doctor and the Doll''. While there, he met and married schoolteacher Mary Barstow on April 17, 1930.<ref name="A personal recollection">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofalhambra.org/community/rockwell_rybicki.html |title=A personal recollection |publisher=City of Alhambra |access-date=April 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421193027/http://www.cityofalhambra.org/community/rockwell_rybicki.html |archive-date=April 21, 2012}}</ref> The couple returned to New York shortly after their marriage. They had three sons: Jarvis Waring, [[Thomas Rockwell|Thomas Rhodes]], and [[Peter Rockwell|Peter Barstow]].{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=xxii, 230, 246, 262}} The family lived at 24 Lord Kitchener Road in the Bonnie Crest neighborhood of [[New Rochelle]], New York.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=195}}

Rockwell and his wife were not regular church attendees, although they were members of [[St. John's Wilmot Church (New Rochelle, New York)|St. John's Wilmot Church]], an [[Episcopalianism|Episcopal]] church near their home, where their sons were baptized.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=396}} Rockwell moved to [[Arlington, Vermont|Arlington]], Vermont, in 1939 where his work began to reflect small-town life. He would later be joined by his good friend [[John Carlton Atherton]].<ref name="A personal recollection" />

In 1953, the Rockwell family moved to [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]], so that his wife could be treated at the [[Austen Riggs Center]], a psychiatric hospital at 25 Main Street, close to where Rockwell set up his studio.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kamp |first=David |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2009/11/norman-rockwell-200911?currentPage=4 |title=Norman Rockwell's American Dream |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=November 2009 |access-date=April 28, 2012 |archive-date=July 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716074632/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2009/11/norman-rockwell-200911?currentPage=4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rockwell also received psychiatric treatment, seeing the analyst [[Erik Erikson]], who was on staff at Riggs. Erikson told biographer [[Laura Claridge]] that Rockwell painted his happiness, but did not live it.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/local/a-portrait-of-norman-rockwell/article_b65eb970-1a4d-5fc7-9c2b-360215480bda.html |title=A portrait of Norman Rockwell |newspaper=Berkshire Eagle |first=Charles |last=Bonenti |edition=online |date=July 3, 2009 |access-date=December 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119081905/http://www.berkshireeagle.com/ci_12745939 |archive-date = November 19, 2009}}</ref> On August 25, 1959, Mary died unexpectedly of a heart attack.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|pp=426–427}}

Rockwell married his third wife, retired [[Milton Academy]] English teacher Mary Leete "Mollie" Punderson (1896–1985), on October 25, 1961.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=581}} His Stockbridge studio was located on the second floor of a row of buildings. Directly underneath Rockwell's studio was, for a time in 1966, the Back Room Rest, better known as the famous "[[Alice's Restaurant]]". During his time in Stockbridge, chief of police [[William Obanhein]] was a frequent model for Rockwell's paintings.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/obituaries/william-j-obanhein-alice-s-restaurant-lawman-69.html William J. Obanhein; 'Alice's Restaurant' Lawman, 69] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623125048/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/obituaries/william-j-obanhein-alice-s-restaurant-lawman-69.html |date=June 23, 2017 }}. ''The New York Times'' (September 14, 1994). Retrieved October 29, 2015.</ref>

From 1961 until his death, Rockwell was a member of the Monday Evening Club, a men's literary group based in [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts]]. At his funeral, five members of the club served as [[pallbearers]], along with Jarvis Rockwell.<ref>[http://mondayeveningclub.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-clubs-historic-membership-roster.html "The Club's historic membership roster, part VII: members joining 1942-1961"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032429/http://mondayeveningclub.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-clubs-historic-membership-roster.html |date=May 2, 2014 }}, Monday Evening Club. Retrieved May 1, 2014.</ref>

==Legacy==
A custodianship of his original paintings and drawings was established with Rockwell's help near his home in [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts|Stockbridge]], Massachusetts, and the [[Norman Rockwell Museum]] still is open today year-round.{{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=463}} The museum's collection includes more than 700 original Rockwell paintings, drawings, and studies. The Rockwell Center for American Visual Studies at the Norman Rockwell Museum is a national research institute dedicated to American illustration art.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=The Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) | date=July 2, 2009 | page=37 | title=Norman goes digital | last=Pepose | first=David | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101863845/rcavs/}}</ref>

Rockwell's work was exhibited at the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pastexhibitions.guggenheim.org/rockwell/|title=Guggenheim Museum - Past Exhibitions - Norman Rockwell: Pictures for the American People|date=October 30, 2001|access-date=June 4, 2014|archive-date=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021060931/http://pastexhibitions.guggenheim.org/rockwell/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/norman-rockwell-s-art-once-sniffed-at-is-becoming-prized-114052401101_1.html|title=Norman Rockwell's art, once sniffed at, is becoming prized|author=James B Stewart|date=May 24, 2014|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=June 4, 2014|archive-date=June 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233111/http://www.business-standard.com/article/international/norman-rockwell-s-art-once-sniffed-at-is-becoming-prized-114052401101_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Rockwell's ''[[Breaking Home Ties]]'' sold for $15.4 million at a 2006 [[Sotheby's]] auction.<ref name="VanityFair"/> A 12-city U.S. tour of Rockwell's works took place in 2008.<ref name=Scouting08 />
In 2008, Rockwell was named the official state artist of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.nrm.org/about-2/about-norman-rockwell/ | title = About Norman Rockwell | publisher = NRM | access-date = April 7, 2013 | archive-date = March 31, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130331042410/http://www.nrm.org/about-2/about-norman-rockwell/ | url-status = live }}.</ref> The 2013 sale of ''[[Saying Grace (Rockwell)|Saying Grace]]'' for $46 million (including buyer's premium) established a new record price for Rockwell.<ref name="NPR">{{Cite web|publisher=National Public Radio|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/12/04/248790682/norman-rockwells-saying-grace-sells-for-46-million-at-auction|title=Norman Rockwell's 'Saying Grace' Sells For $46 Million At Auction|website=NPR |date=December 4, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204202640/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/12/04/248790682/norman-rockwells-saying-grace-sells-for-46-million-at-auction|url-status=live|last1=Chappell |first1=Bill }}</ref> Rockwell's work was exhibited at the [[Reading Public Museum]] and the [[Church History Museum]] in 2013–2014.

[[File:Perpetual Motion by Norman Rockwell.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of October 1920 issue of ''Popular Science'' magazine]]
* In "[[Annie Hall]]" (1977) Alvy ([[Woody Allen]]) teases Annie ([[Diane Keaton]]) saying: "What did you do, grow up in a Norman Rockwell painting?".
* In 1981, Rockwell's painting ''Girl at Mirror'' was used for the cover of [[Prism (band)|Prism]]'s fifth studio album ''[[Small Change (Prism album)|Small Change]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sjoquist|first=Douglas P.|date=July 2020|title=Commentary Album Cover Art: A Window On Art History|url=https://jlahnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/2.pdf|journal=Journal of Liberal Arts and Humanities |volume=1|issue=7|page=16|issn=2690-0718|access-date=October 16, 2021|archive-date=October 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016074702/https://jlahnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Rockwell is among the figures depicted in ''[[United States Bicentennial|Our Nation's 200th Birthday]], [[Invention of the telephone|The Telephone's 100th Birthday]]'' (1976) by [[Stanley Meltzoff]] for [[Bell System]] which Meltzoff based on Rockwell's 1948 painting ''The Gossips''.<ref>[https://www.jklmuseum.com/tag/stanley-meltzoff/ "Stanley Meltzoff Archives: The 1976 Bell System Telephone Book Cover"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813094451/https://www.jklmuseum.com/tag/stanley-meltzoff/ |date=August 13, 2021 }} [[JKL Museum of Telephony]] (December 19, 2015); retrieved March 16, 2021</ref>
* In the [[Steven Spielberg]] film ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]'', a young boy (played by [[Christian Bale]]) is put to bed by his loving parents in a scene also inspired by a Rockwell painting—a reproduction of which is later kept by the young boy during his captivity in a prison camp ("Freedom from Fear", 1943).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A01E1D9113CF937A15752C1A96F958260 |title=Looking Beyond the Myth-Making Easel of Mr. Thanksgiving |last=Gates |first=Anita |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 24, 1999 |access-date=April 28, 2012 |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207120049/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A01E1D9113CF937A15752C1A96F958260 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The 1994 film ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' includes a shot in a school that re-creates Rockwell's "Girl with Black Eye" with young Forrest in place of the girl. Much of the film drew heavy visual inspiration from Rockwell's art.<ref>{{cite magazine | first = Richard | last = Corliss | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,164845,00.html |title= The World According to Gump|magazine= Time | date = June 24, 2001 | access-date = April 28, 2012| url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114112108/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,164845,00.html|archive-date=January 14, 2009 }}</ref>
* Film director [[George Lucas]] owns Rockwell's original of "The Peach Crop", and his colleague Steven Spielberg owns a sketch of Rockwell's ''Triple Self-Portrait''. Each of the artworks hangs in the respective filmmaker's work space.<ref name="VanityFair" /> 
* Rockwell is a [[major character]] in an episode of George Lucas' ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'', "Passion for Life", portrayed by [[Lukas Haas]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles: Passion for Life|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the-adventures-of-young-indiana-jones-passion-for-life|url-status=live|access-date=October 16, 2021|website=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=|language=en|archive-date=October 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020184952/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the-adventures-of-young-indiana-jones-passion-for-life}}</ref>
*Museum director [[Thomas S. Buechner]] said that Rockwell's art is important for standing the test of time, "When the last half century is explored by the future, a few paintings will continue to communicate with the same immediacy and veracity they have today."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petschek|first=Willa|date=April 3, 2020|title=Norman Rockwell, the most American of all artists – archive, April 1972|url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/03/norman-rockwell-the-most-american-of-all-artists-archive-1972|access-date=January 3, 2022|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=January 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103141119/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/03/norman-rockwell-the-most-american-of-all-artists-archive-1972|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2005, May Corporation, that previously bought [[Marshall Field's]] from [[Target Corp.]], was bought by [[Federated Department Stores]]. After the sale, Federated discovered that Rockwell's ''The Clock Mender'' displayed in the store was a reproduction.<ref name=Aronovich>{{cite web|url= http://chicagoist.com/2006/04/20/fields_federated_and_more_feuds.php|title= Field's, Federated and More Feuds|access-date= April 4, 2008|date= April 20, 2006|publisher= Gothamist|last= Aronovich|first= Hannah|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081207090239/http://chicagoist.com/2006/04/20/fields_federated_and_more_feuds.php|archive-date= December 7, 2008|df= mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nbc5.com/news/8882622/detail.html| title = Norman Rockwell of Field's Store Goes Missing| access-date = April 4, 2008| date = April 21, 2006| publisher = NBC5| archive-date = January 25, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080125084722/http://www.nbc5.com/news/8882622/detail.html| url-status = live}}</ref> Rockwell had donated the painting, which depicts a repairman setting the time on one of the [[Marshall Field and Company Building]] clocks, and was depicted on the cover of the November 3, 1945 ''Saturday Evening Post'', to the store in 1948.<ref name=Aronovich /> Target had since donated the original to the Chicago History Museum.<ref>{{cite web |first=William |last=Mullen |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2006/09/27/time-heals-rift-over-a-rockwell/ |title=Time heals rift over a Rockwell |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=September 27, 2006 |access-date=October 1, 2013 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050515/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-09-27/news/0609270322_1_dusable-museum-rockwell-painting-federated-department-stores |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On an anniversary of Norman Rockwell's birth, on February 3, 2010, Google featured Rockwell's iconic image of young love "Boy and Girl Gazing at the Moon", which is also known as "Puppy Love", on its home page.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Norman Rockwell's 106th Birthday (Doodles Archive)|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/norman-rockwells-106th-birthday-1926-seps-by-curtis-publishing/|url-status=live|website=Google|access-date=October 15, 2021|archive-date=October 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015195100/https://www.google.com/doodles/norman-rockwells-106th-birthday-1926-seps-by-curtis-publishing}}</ref> The response was so great that day that the Norman Rockwell museum's servers were overwhelmed by the volume of traffic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bradway |first1=Rich |title=Rockwell Google Doodle |url=https://www.nrm.org/2012/01/happy-birthday-norman-rockwell/rockwell-google-doodle_2_3_2010-300x155/ |website=Norman Rockwell Museum |access-date=1 June 2024 |date=January 2012}}</ref>
* "Dreamland", a track from Canadian [[alternative rock]] band [[Our Lady Peace]]'s 2009 album ''[[Burn Burn (album)|Burn Burn]]'', was inspired by Rockwell's paintings.<ref name="songfacts">{{cite web | url = http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=19441 | title = Dreamland | work = Song facts | access-date = May 5, 2010 | archive-date = June 13, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613232912/http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=19441 | url-status = live }}</ref>
* The cover for the [[Oingo Boingo]] album ''[[Only a Lad#Background|Only a Lad]]'' is a parody of the Boy Scouts of America 1960 official handbook cover illustrated by Rockwell.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rossell II|first=Raul|date=September 11, 2021|title=Oingo Boingo "Only A Lad" Boys Scouts of America Album Cover Story|url=http://www.feelnumb.com/2021/09/11/oingo-boingo-only-a-lad-boys-scouts-of-america-album-cover-story/|url-status=live|access-date=October 16, 2021|website=Feel Numb|language=en-US|archive-date=October 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016071926/http://www.feelnumb.com/2021/09/11/oingo-boingo-only-a-lad-boys-scouts-of-america-album-cover-story/}}</ref>
* [[Lana Del Rey]] named her sixth studio album, ''[[Norman Fucking Rockwell!]]'' (2019), after Rockwell.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daly|first=Rhian|date=September 4, 2019|title=Lana Del Rey – 'Norman Fucking Rockwell!' review|url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-review-2543488|url-status=live|access-date=October 15, 2021|website=NME|language=en-GB|archive-date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222203047/https://www.nme.com/reviews/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-review-2543488}}</ref>

==Major works==
* ''[[Children Dancing at a Party]]'' (1918)
* ''[[The Love Song (Rockwell)|The Love Song]]'' (1926)
* ''[[Four Freedoms (Rockwell)|The Four Freedoms]]'' (1943)
** ''[[Freedom of Speech (painting)|Freedom of Speech]]'' (1943)
** ''[[Freedom of Worship (painting)|Freedom of Worship]]'' (1943)
** ''[[Freedom from Want]]'' (1943)
** ''[[Freedom from Fear (painting)|Freedom from Fear]]'' (1943)
* ''[[Rosie the Riveter#Saturday Evening Post|Rosie the Riveter]]'' (1943)
* ''[[Little Girl Observing Lovers on a Train]]'' (1944)
* ''[[We, Too, Have a Job to Do]]'' (1944)
* ''[[Working on the Statue of Liberty]]'' (1946)
* ''[[The Dugout]]'' (1948)
* ''[[Tough Call]]'' (1948)
* ''[[Saying Grace (Rockwell)|Saying Grace]]'' (1951)
* ''[[Walking to Church]]'' (1953)
* ''[[Breaking Home Ties]]'' (1954)
* ''[[Marriage License]]'' (1955)
* ''[[The Scoutmaster]]'' (1956)
* ''[[The Rookie (painting)|The Rookie]]'' (1957)
* ''The Runaway'' (1958)
* ''[[Triple Self-Portrait]]'' (1960)
* ''Golden Rule'' (1961)
* ''The Connoisseur'' (1962)
* ''[[Growth of a Leader]]'' (1964)
* ''[[The Problem We All Live With]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Murder in Mississippi (painting)|Murder in Mississippi]]'' (1965)
* ''New Kids in the Neighborhood'' (1967)
* ''[[Russian Schoolroom]]'' (1967)
* ''The Spirit of 1976'' (1976)

==Film posters and album covers==
[[File:Norman Rockwell and Mike Connors (1966 Stagecoach film still).jpg|thumb|Rockwell painting actor [[Mike Connors]]'s portrait on the set of ''Stagecoach'' (1966)]]

Rockwell provided illustrations for several film posters.
* ''[[The Adventures of Marco Polo]]'' (1938){{sfn|Claridge|2001|p=265}}
* ''[[The Magnificent Ambersons (film)|The Magnificent Ambersons]]'' (1942){{sfn|Moline|1979|p=237}}
* ''[[The Song of Bernadette (film)|The Song of Bernadette]]'' (1943){{sfn|Moline|1979|p=235}}
* ''[[Along Came Jones (film)|Along Came Jones]]'' (1945){{sfn|Moline|1979|p=237}}
* ''[[The Razor's Edge (1946 film)|The Razor's Edge]]'' (1946){{sfn|Moline|1979|p=237}}
* ''[[Cinderfella]]'' (1960){{sfn|Moline|1979|p=162}}
* ''[[Stagecoach (1966 film)|Stagecoach]]'' (1966){{sfn|Moline|1979|pp=162, 237}}

He designed an album cover for ''[[The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper]]'' (1969).{{sfn|Moline|1979|p=240}} He was also commissioned by English musician [[David Bowie]] to design the cover artwork for his 1975 album ''[[Young Americans]]'', but the offer was retracted after Rockwell informed him he would need at least half a year to complete a painting for the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freewebs.com/theyearofthediamonddog/youngamericanssessions.htm|title=Young Americans Sessions|access-date=October 2, 2019|archive-date=February 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212040612/http://www.freewebs.com/theyearofthediamonddog/youngamericanssessions.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Displays==
* [[Norman Rockwell Museum]] in [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]]
* Rockwell Collection at the [[National Museum of American Illustration]]
* Rockwell illustrations for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn at the Mark Twain Museum in Hannibal MO.
* Norman Rockwell World War II posters, hosted by the [[University of North Texas]] Libraries Digital Collections
* Norman Rockwell and the Art of Scouting at the [[National Scouting Museum]], Irving, Texas<ref name="National Scouting Museum">{{cite web | url = http://www.bsamuseum.org/Exhibitions.aspx | type = exhibition | title = Norman Rockwell and the Art of Scouting | access-date = August 16, 2012 | publisher = [[National Scouting Museum]] | location = Irving, [[Texas]], US | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120826180132/http://www.bsamuseum.org/Exhibitions.aspx | archive-date = August 26, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
* Norman Rockwell Exhibit in [[Arlington, Vermont]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sugarshackvt.com/norman-rockwell-exhibit/ |title=About The Norman Rockwell Exhibit |website=sugarshackvt.com |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704184016/http://sugarshackvt.com/norman-rockwell-exhibit/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Honors==
* [[Society of Illustrators]] Hall of Fame, first inductee 1958<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.societyillustrators.org/programs/hall-fame|title=Hall of fame &#124; Society of Illustrators|website=www.societyillustrators.org|access-date=May 7, 2020|archive-date=April 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416102025/https://www.societyillustrators.org/programs/hall-fame|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Arts}}
* [[J. C. Leyendecker]], Rockwell's predecessor and stylistic inspiration
* [[James K. Van Brunt]], a frequent model for Rockwell
* [[William Obanhein]], another one of Rockwell's models who would later become famous elsewhere
* ''[[Norman Rockwell's World... An American Dream]]'', a 1972 short documentary film

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Claridge | first=Laura P. |year=2001 | title=Norman Rockwell: A Life |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-375-50453-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellli0000clar |url-access=registration |via=[[the Internet Archive]] {{registration required}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Gherman |first=Beverly |year=2000 |title=Norman Rockwell: Storyteller with a Brush |publisher=[[Atheneum Books]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-689-82001-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellst00gher |url-access=registration |via=[[the Internet Archive]] {{registration required}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Moline |first=Mary |year=1979 |title=Norman Rockwell Encyclopedia: A Chronological Catalog of the Artist's Work, 1910–1978 |publisher=[[Curtis Publishing Company]] |location=[[Indianapolis]] |isbn=0-89387-032-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellen0000rock |url-access=registration |via=[[the Internet Archive]] {{registration required}}}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Buechner |first=Thomas S|title=The Norman Rockwell Treasury|publisher=Galahad |isbn = 978-0-88365-411-8 |year=1992 }}
* {{cite news|last=Carson|first=Tom|title=The awakening of Norman Rockwell|url=https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2020/2/19/21052356/norman-rockwell-the-problem-we-all-live-with-saturday-evening-post|newspaper=Vox|date=February 26, 2020}}
* {{cite book|last=Finch |first=Christopher |title=Norman Rockwell: 332 Magazine Covers|publisher= [[Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.)|Abbeville]] |isbn=978-0-89660-000-3|year=1990 }}
* {{cite book|last=Christopher |first=Finch |title=Norman Rockwell's America|publisher=[[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.|Harry N Abram]] |isbn = 978-0-8109-8071-6 |year=1985 }}
* {{cite book|last1 =Hennessey|first1 =Maureen Hart|last2 =Larson|first2 =Judy L.|title =Norman Rockwell: Pictures for the American People|publisher =Harry N. Abrams|isbn =978-0-8109-6392-4|year =1999|url =https://archive.org/details/normanrockwellpi00henn}}
* {{cite book|last=Rockwell |first=Tom |title= Best of Norman Rockwell|publisher= Courage Books |isbn = 978-0-7624-2415-3 |year= 2005 }}
* {{cite book|last=Schick |first=Ron |title=Norman Rockwell: Behind the Camera|publisher=Little, Brown & Co. | isbn = 978-0-316-00693-4 | year = 2009 }}
* {{cite news |last=Solomon |first=Deborah | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/arts/design/04rockwell.html?pagewanted=print | title = America, Illustrated | date = July 1, 2010 | newspaper = [[The New York Times]]}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://www.c-span.org/video/?166642-1/norman-rockwell-life ''Booknotes'' interview with Laura Claridge on ''Norman Rockwell: A Life'', December 2, 2001], [[C-SPAN]]
* [http://gogd.tjs-labs.com/gallery-view?illustrator=norman*rockwell Collection of mid-twentieth century advertising featuring Norman Rockwell illustrations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016175056/http://gogd.tjs-labs.com/gallery-view?illustrator=norman*rockwell |date=October 16, 2021 }} from the TJS Labs Gallery of Graphic Design
* {{LCAuth|n79039542|Norman Rockwell|127|}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Norman Perceval Rockwell}}
* [https://www.nrm.org/ Norman Rockwell Museum website]

{{Norman Rockwell|state=expanded}}
{{Society of Illustrators' Hall of Fame}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rockwell, Norman}}
[[Category:Norman Rockwell| ]]
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:American album-cover and concert-poster artists]]
[[Category:American magazine illustrators]]
[[Category:American male painters]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:Art Students League of New York alumni]]
[[Category:Painters from New York City]]
[[Category:Artists from New Rochelle, New York]]
[[Category:Culture of the United States]]
[[Category:Deaths from emphysema]]
[[Category:Film poster artists]]
[[Category:Members of the Salmagundi Club]]
[[Category:Military personnel from New Rochelle, New York]]
[[Category:Military personnel from New York City]]
[[Category:People from Stockbridge, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:The Saturday Evening Post people]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Parsons School of Design alumni]]
[[Category:Deaths from dementia in Massachusetts]]