Editing Norfolk, Connecticut

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Norfolk, Connecticut
|official_name            = Town of Norfolk
|settlement_type          = [[New England town|Town]]
|image_skyline            = Norfolk, Connecticut.jpg
|imagesize                =
|image_caption            = Shops in Downtown Norfolk
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = NorfolkCTseal.JPG
| image_map               = {{switcher|[[File:Litchfield County Connecticut Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Norfolk Highlighted 2010.svg|250px|frameless|alt=Norfolk's location within Litchfield County and Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield County]] and Connecticut|[[File:Northwest Hills incorporated and unincorporated areas Norfolk highlighted.svg|250px|frameless|alt=Norfolk's location within the Northwest Hills Planning Region and the state of Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Northwest Hills Planning Region, Connecticut|Northwest Hills Planning Region]] and Connecticut|default=1}}
| image_map1              = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=280|frame-height=200|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q2446234}}###{{coord|qid=Q779}}###{{coord|41|59|01|N|73|11|47|W}}|zoom=SWITCH:10;6;3|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;point;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|id2=SWITCH:Q2446234;Q779;Q30|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1|switch=Norfolk;Connecticut;the United States}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[U.S. state]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Connecticut}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[County (United States)|County]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Councils of governments in Connecticut|Region]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Northwest Hills Planning Region, Connecticut|Northwest Hills]]
|established_title        = Incorporated
|established_date         = 1758
|government_type          = [[Board of selectmen|Selectman-town meeting]]
|leader_title             = First selectman
|leader_name              = Matthew T. Riiska (D)
|leader_title1            = Selectman
|leader_name1             = Susan M. Dyer (D)
|leader_title2            = Selectman
|leader_name2             = Alexandra (Sandy) Evans (R)
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 120.2
|area_land_km2            = 117.4
|area_water_km2           = 2.9
|area_total_sq_mi         = 
|area_land_sq_mi          = 
|area_water_sq_mi         = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|population_as_of         = 2020
|population_total         = 1588
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census 2020"/>
|population_density_km2   = 13.5
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_m              = 375
|elevation_ft             = 1230
|coordinates              = {{coord|41|59|01|N|73|11|47|W|region:US-CT|display=inline,title}}
|region                   =
|postal_code_type         = ZIP code
|postal_code              = 06058
|area_code                = [[Area codes 860 and 959|860/959]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 09-53470
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0213476
|website                  = {{URL|www.norfolkct.org}}
}}

'''Norfolk''' ({{respell|NOR|f Ōk}}) is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield County]], [[Connecticut]], United States. The population was 1,588 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0900553470| title=Census - Geography Profile: Norfolk town, Litchfield County, Connecticut| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=December 18, 2021}}</ref> The town is part of the [[Northwest Hills Planning Region, Connecticut|Northwest Hills Planning Region]]. The urban center of the town is the [[Norfolk (CDP), Connecticut|Norfolk census-designated place]], with a population of 553 at the 2010 census.<ref>https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-8.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

Norfolk is the home of the [[Norfolk Chamber Music Festival]], an annual chamber music concert series hosted by the [[Yale School of Music]]. The festival takes place in the Music Shed, a performance hall located on the Ellen Battell Stoeckel estate to the west of the [[village green]]. 

Norfolk has important examples of regional architecture, including the Village Hall (now [[Infinity Hall]], a shingled 1880s Arts-and-Crafts confection, with an opera house upstairs and storefronts at street level); the Norfolk Library (a shingle-style structure, designed by [[George Keller (architect)|George Keller]], {{circa|1888}}/1889); and over thirty buildings, in a wide variety of styles, designed by [[Alfredo S. G. Taylor]] (of the New York firm Taylor & Levi) in the four decades before the Second World War.

==History==

[[Image:NorfolkCTHaystackHill1897.jpg|thumb|left|Norfolk in 1897]]
[[File:Eldredge Gymnasium, Norfolk, Conn (NYPL b12647398-67778).tiff|left|thumb|Eldredge Gymnasium in early 20th century postcard, now Town Hall]]

Norfolk incorporated as a town in 1758. Although the town was named after [[Norfolk]] in England, the name of the town may be pronounced various ways by residents.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoEyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA333|year=1903|publisher=Connecticut Magazine Company|page=333}}</ref><ref>Kelly, Michael (2014). "[http://www.nornow.org/2014/02/03/you-say-norfork-i-say-norfolk/ You Say Norfork, I Say Norfolk]." ''Norfolk Now''.</ref>

The [[Norfolk Historic District]] includes the historic center of the village of Norfolk.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|120.2|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|117.4|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|2.9|km2|order=flip}}, or 2.38%, are water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/0600000US0900553470| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001), Norfolk town, Litchfield County, Connecticut| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| website=American FactFinder| access-date=October 9, 2019| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213124005/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/0600000US0900553470| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> The town is located in the [[Litchfield Hills]] portion of the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian]] mountain range. Norfolk's elevation is {{convert|1230|ft}} above sea level, and the town is sometimes called "the Icebox of Connecticut"<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 14, 2022|title=Northern Connecticut prepare for bitter cold winter weather for holiday weekend|url=https://www.fox61.com/article/weather/connecticut-northern-counties-prepare-winter-storm-bitter-cold-temperatures/520-e4149451-989d-40f4-8fd9-8b9970e854ed|access-date=February 1, 2022|website=fox61.com|language=en-US}}</ref> for its severe winters and particularly cool summers.

The town is bordered on the west by [[Canaan, Connecticut|Canaan]] and [[North Canaan, Connecticut]]; on the north by [[New Marlborough, Massachusetts|New Marlborough]] and [[Sandisfield, Massachusetts]]; on the east by [[Colebrook, Connecticut|Colebrook]] and [[Winchester, Connecticut]]; and on the south by [[Goshen, Connecticut]].

===Principal communities===
*[[Norfolk (CDP), Connecticut|Norfolk Center]]
*North Norfolk
*South Norfolk
*West Norfolk

===State parks===
Norfolk is home to three state parks: [[Dennis Hill State Park]], which includes the remnants of a lavish summer pavilion designed by Alfredo Taylor; [[Haystack Mountain State Park]], with a stone tower at the mountain's summit; and [[Campbell Falls State Park Reserve]], with an approximately {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=on}} natural waterfall.

==Climate==

According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Norfolk has a [[humid continental climate]], abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=544560&cityname=Norfolk%2C+Connecticut%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Norfolk, Connecticut], weatherbase.com; accessed January 1, 2015.</ref> This [[climate|climatic]] region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. On February 16, 1943, the temperature fell to −37&nbsp;°F (−38&nbsp;°C), the lowest temperature ever recorded in [[Connecticut]].

{{Weather box
|location = Norfolk, Connecticut, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present
|single line = Y

|Jan record high F = 62
|Feb record high F = 70
|Mar record high F = 81
|Apr record high F = 89
|May record high F = 89
|Jun record high F = 92
|Jul record high F = 93
|Aug record high F = 98
|Sep record high F = 93
|Oct record high F = 81
|Nov record high F = 76
|Dec record high F = 67
|year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 52.6
|Feb avg record high F = 52.0
|Mar avg record high F = 61.9
|Apr avg record high F = 77.7
|May avg record high F = 84.0
|Jun avg record high F = 86.6
|Jul avg record high F = 88.3
|Aug avg record high F = 86.6
|Sep avg record high F = 82.6
|Oct avg record high F = 72.9
|Nov avg record high F = 64.7
|Dec avg record high F = 55.2
|year avg record high F = 90.0

|Jan high F = 29.8
|Feb high F = 32.3
|Mar high F = 40.4
|Apr high F = 54.0
|May high F = 65.3
|Jun high F = 73.4
|Jul high F = 78.4
|Aug high F = 76.4
|Sep high F = 69.0
|Oct high F = 56.5
|Nov high F = 44.8
|Dec high F = 34.6
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 21.9
|Feb mean F = 23.9
|Mar mean F = 31.6
|Apr mean F = 44.0
|May mean F = 55.3
|Jun mean F = 64.0
|Jul mean F = 69.0
|Aug mean F = 67.3
|Sep mean F = 60.0
|Oct mean F = 48.1
|Nov mean F = 37.5
|Dec mean F = 27.9
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 14.1
|Feb low F = 15.4
|Mar low F = 22.8
|Apr low F = 34.0
|May low F = 45.4
|Jun low F = 54.5
|Jul low F = 59.5
|Aug low F = 58.1
|Sep low F = 50.9
|Oct low F = 39.7
|Nov low F = 30.2
|Dec low F = 21.1
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -5.7
|Feb avg record low F = -2.0
|Mar avg record low F = 4.7
|Apr avg record low F = 22.0
|May avg record low F = 31.6
|Jun avg record low F = 41.5
|Jul avg record low F = 49.8
|Aug avg record low F = 47.1
|Sep avg record low F = 36.8
|Oct avg record low F = 26.6
|Nov avg record low F = 15.1
|Dec avg record low F = 4.5
|year avg record low F = -8.0

|Jan record low F = -22
|Feb record low F = -37
|Mar record low F = -11
|Apr record low F = 6
|May record low F = 25
|Jun record low F = 32
|Jul record low F = 41
|Aug record low F = 35
|Sep record low F = 26
|Oct record low F = 17
|Nov record low F = 3
|Dec record low F = -23
|year record low F =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.97
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.33
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.21
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.93
|May precipitation inch = 4.13
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.96
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.77
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.67
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.90
|Oct precipitation inch = 5.14
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.07
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.86
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 13.1
|Feb precipitation days = 11.6
|Mar precipitation days = 12.4
|Apr precipitation days = 12.7
|May precipitation days = 14.1
|Jun precipitation days = 13.0
|Jul precipitation days = 11.8
|Aug precipitation days = 11.4
|Sep precipitation days = 10.4
|Oct precipitation days = 12.2
|Nov precipitation days = 11.4
|Dec precipitation days = 13.8

|Jan snow inch = 17.8
|Feb snow inch = 17.5
|Mar snow inch = 14.9
|Apr snow inch = 3.9
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 1.4
|Nov snow inch = 4.4
|Dec snow inch = 15.0
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 9.5
|Feb snow days = 8.8
|Mar snow days = 6.8
|Apr snow days = 2.2
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.3
|Nov snow days = 2.8
|Dec snow days = 7.7

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00065445&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station 
|access-date = July 24, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=okx
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS 
|access-date = July 24, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 1422
|1850= 1643
|1860= 1803
|1870= 1641
|1880= 1418
|1890= 1546
|1900= 1614
|1910= 1541
|1920= 1229
|1930= 1298
|1940= 1333
|1950= 1572
|1960= 1827
|1970= 2073
|1980= 2156
|1990= 2060
|2000= 1660
|2010= 1709
|2020= 1588
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{See also|List of Connecticut locations by per capita income}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,660 people, 676 households, and 461 families residing in the town.  The population density was {{convert|36.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 871 housing units at an average density of 19.2 per square mile (7.4/km{{sup|2}}).  The racial makeup of the town was 97.11% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.48% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.24% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.54% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.60% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.02% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.96% of the population.

There were 676 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $58,906, and the median income for a family was $67,500. Males had a median income of $41,654 versus $36,442 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $34,020. About 1.8% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==

Norfolk is a member of [[Regional School District 7]], which also includes, [[Barkhamsted, Connecticut|Barkhamsted]], [[Colebrook, Connecticut|Colebrook]], and [[New Hartford, Connecticut|New Hartford]]. Public school students attend Botelle Elementary School for grades K–6, Northwestern Middle School for grades 7–8, and [[Northwestern Regional High School]] for grades 9–12.

==Transportation==
The main thoroughfares of the town are [[U.S. Route 44#Connecticut|U.S. Route 44]] (going east–west, also known as Greenwoods Road) and [[Connecticut Route 272]] (going north–south, with 272N also known as North Street and 272S also known as Litchfield Road). US 44 leads west {{convert|7|mi|0}} to [[North Canaan, Connecticut|North Canaan]] and southeast {{convert|10|mi|0}} to [[Winsted, Connecticut|Winsted]], while CT 272 leads south {{convert|15|mi}} to [[Torrington, Connecticut|Torrington]].

==Notable locations==

[[File:LOC 20216v.jpg|thumb|left|[[Norfolk Public Library (Connecticut)|Norfolk Public Library]] (1888–1889), [[George Keller (architect)|George Keller]], architect]]

*[[Blackberry River Inn]], built in 1763 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places
*[[Gould House (Norfolk, Connecticut)|Gould House]], listed on the National Register of Historic Places
*[[Haystack Mountain Tower]], built in 1929 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993
*[[Hillside (Norfolk, Connecticut)|Hillside]], listed on the National Register of Historic Places
*[[Infinity Hall]], an 1883 opera house and concert hall
*[[Low House (Norfolk, Connecticut)|Low House]], listed on the National Register of Historic Places
*[[Norfolk Library (Connecticut)|Norfolk Library]], built in 1888–89, a contributing property in Norfolk Historic District
*[[Rectory and Church of the Immaculate Conception]], built in 1924 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982
*[[Rockwell House (Norfolk, Connecticut)|Rockwell House]], listed on the National Register of Historic Places
*[[Tom Thumb House (Norfolk, Connecticut)|Tom Thumb House]], listed on the National Register of Historic Places
*[[World War I Memorial (Norfolk, Connecticut)|World War I Memorial]], listed on the National Register of Historic Places

==Notable people, past and present==
[[File:The Alders (now Manor House), a Victorian Tudor mansion in Norfolk, Connecticut.jpg|thumb|The Alders, built in 1898, designed by [[Ehrick Rossiter]] ]]
* [[Hayden Carruth]] (1921–2008), published a book of "Norfolk Poems" in 1962
* [[Joseph Emerson]] (1821-1900), minister and theologian
* [[Anne Garrels]] (1951-2022), NPR foreign correspondent
* [[Brendan Gill]] (1914–1997), critic and writer for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine
* [[James Laughlin]] (1914–1997), publisher
* [[Marie Hartig Kendall]] (1854–1943), photographer<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Commire|editor1-first=Anne|last=Morgan|first=Barbara|title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Yorkin Publications|location=Waterford, Connecticut|isbn=0-7876-4074-3|chapter-url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kendall-marie-hartig-1854-1943|chapter=Kendall, Marie Hartig (1854–1943)}}</ref>
* [[Barbara Spofford Morgan]] (1887–1971), educator, essayist on religion and a specialist in mental testing<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite journal|title=Mrs. Barbara Morgan, 83, Dies; A Specialist in Mental Testing|journal=The New York Times|date=1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/03/archives/mrs-barbara-morgan-83-dies-a-specialist-in-mental-testing.html|access-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Michael I. Pupin]] (1858–1935), inventor
* [[Laura M. Hawley Thurston]] (1812–1842), poet, teacher
* [[William Henry Welch]] (1850–1934), founding dean of the [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine]]
* [[William Windom (politician)|William Windom]] (1827–1891), US senator and [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]]

==Nearby Attractions==

* [[Haystack Mountain (Connecticut)|Haystack Mountain State Park]], a public recreation area with hiking trails and a 1,716-foot-high mountain topped with an observation tower
* [[Campbell Falls State Park Reserve|Campbell Falls State Park]], an undeveloped, public recreation area and nature preserve
* [[Infinity Hall]], an American performing arts venue
* Husky Meadows Farm, an organic farm offering CSA ([[Community-supported agriculture]]) subscriptions and culinary [[farm stay]]s<ref>{{Cite news|date=June 23, 2021|title=Seed & Spoon Culinary Farm Stay: A Taste of the Farming Life|work=Rural Chatter|url=https://www.ruralintelligence.com/food/seed-spoon-culinary-farm-stay-a-taste-of-the-farming-life|access-date=June 25, 2021}}</ref>
* [[Norfolk Chamber Music Festival]], believed to be the oldest active summer [[music festival]] in [[North America]] and now managed by the [[Yale University]] School of Music

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*A. Havemeyer & R. Dance, ''Alfredo Taylor in Norfolk'' (Norfolk: Norfolk Hist. Soc., 2005)
*A. Havemeyer & R. Dance, ''The Magnificent Battells'' (Norfolk: Norfolk Hist. Soc., 2006)
*T.W. Crissey, ''History of Norfolk, Litchfield County, Connecticut'' (Everett, MA: Massachusetts Pub. Co., 1900)
*A.V. Waldecker [ed.], ''Norfolk, Connecticut 1900–1975'' (Norfolk: Norfolk Bicen. Comm., 1976)

==External links==
{{Portal|Connecticut}}
* [http://www.norfolkct.org Official town website]
* [http://www.norfolklibrary.org Norfolk Library]
* [http://www.norfolkhistoricalsociety.org Norfolk Historical Society]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061206020344/http://www.skyweb.net/~channy/CTGuideNorf.html Description of Norfolk {{circa|1935}}]

{{Northwest Hills Planning Region, Connecticut}}
{{Litchfield County, Connecticut}}
{{Connecticut}}
{{New York metropolitan area}}
{{New England}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Norfolk, Connecticut| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Litchfield County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1744]]
[[Category:Towns in the New York metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Towns in Connecticut]]
[[Category:1744 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Towns in Northwest Hills Planning Region, Connecticut]]