Editing Nogales, Arizona

{{short description|City in Arizona, United States}}
{{distinguish|Heroica Nogales}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Nogales
| official_name                   = City of Nogales
| settlement_type                 = [[City]]
| image_skyline                   = Nogales.jpg
| image_caption                   = the view of Nogales
| image_flag                      = Flag of Nogales, Arizona.gif
| imagesize                       = 250px
| image_map                       = File:Santa Cruz County Arizona Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Nogales Highlighted 0449640.svg
| mapsize                         = 250px
| map_caption                     = Location of Nogales in Santa Cruz County, Arizona
| image_map1                      =
| mapsize1                        =
| map_caption1                    =
| pushpin_map                     = Arizona#USA
| pushpin_label                   = Nogales
| pushpin_label_position          = top
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Arizona##Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief                  = 1
| subdivision_type                = [[Sovereign state|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = United States
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Arizona]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in Arizona|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona|Santa Cruz]]
| established_title               = Incorporated
| established_date                = 1893<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nogalesaz.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=content.pageDetails&id=20714&typeID=20010|title=City of Nogales maintains "AA" rating from S&P|last=Delaware.Net|website=www.nogalesaz.gov|access-date=April 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808033520/http://www.nogalesaz.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=content.pageDetails&id=20714&typeID=20010|archive-date=August 8, 2017}}</ref>
| government_type                 = [[Council-manager government|Council-manager]]
| governing_body                  = Nogales City Council
| leader_party                    =
| leader_title                    = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = Jorge Maldonado
| leader_title1                   = [[Deputy mayor|Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1                    = Hector Bojorquez
| leader_title2                   = [[City Manager]]
| leader_name2                    = Edward Dickie
| leader_title3                   = [[City Council]]
| leader_name3                    = {{Collapsible list
 |title =
 |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
 |title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
 |list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
 |1           = • Hector Bojorquez
 |2           = • Liza Montiel
 |3           = • Saulo Bonilla
 |4           = • John Doyle
 |5           = • Esther Melendez-Lopez
 |6           = • Octavio Gradillas Jr.
 
}}
| area_magnitude                  =
| area_total_km2                  = 53.96
| area_total_sq_mi                = 20.83
| area_land_km2                   = 53.92
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 20.82
| area_water_km2                  = 0.04
| area_water_sq_mi                = 0.01
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft                    = 3829
| elevation_m                     =
| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est                  =
| pop_est_as_of                   =
| pop_est_footnotes               =
| population_total                = 19770
| population_footnotes            =
| population_urban                =
| population_density_km2          = 366.63
| population_density_sq_mi        = 949.57
| timezone                        = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]] (no [[Daylight savings time|DST]])
| utc_offset                      = -7
| coordinates                     = {{coord|31|20|25|N|110|56|03|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}<ref name=gnis/>
| timezone_DST                    =
| utc_offset_DST                  =
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code                     = 85621
| area_code                       = [[Area code 520|520]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_info                      = 04-49640
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 32336<ref name=gnis>{{Cite GNIS|32336|Nogales}}</ref>
| website                         = {{URL|http://www.nogalesaz.gov}}
| footnotes                       =
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
| image_seal                      = Nogales,_Arizona_official_seal.png
}}

'''Nogales''' ({{IPA|es|noˈɣales|lang}}; <small>English:</small> {{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|g|aː|l|ɪ|s}} or {{IPAc-en|n|oʊ|ˈ|g|aː|l|eɪ|s}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here Are 5 Weird Arizona Town Names You Probably Can't Pronounce |url=https://www.iheart.com/content/2022-09-28-here-are-5-weird-arizona-town-names-you-probably-cant-pronounce/ |access-date=November 10, 2022 |website=iHeart |language=en}}</ref> is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona]]. The population was 20,837 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] and estimated 20,103 in 2019.<ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> Nogales forms part of the larger Tucson–Nogales [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|combined statistical area]], with a total population of 1,027,683 as of the 2010 Census.

Nogales forms Arizona's largest [[transborder agglomeration]] with its adjacent, much larger twin [[Nogales, Sonora|Nogales]], [[Sonora]], across the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexican border]]. The southern terminus of [[Interstate 19]] is located in Nogales at the U.S.–Mexico border; the highway continues south into Mexico as [[Mexico Federal Highway 15]]. The highways meeting in Nogales are a major road intersection in the [[CANAMEX Corridor]], connecting Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Nogales also is the beginning of the [[Arizona Sun Corridor]], an economically important trade region stretching from Nogales to [[Prescott, Arizona|Prescott]], including the [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] metropolitan areas.

Nogales is home to four international ports of entry, including the [[Nogales-Morley Gate Port of Entry|Morley Pedestrian Port of Entry]], [[Nogales-Grand Avenue Port of Entry|Dennis Deconcini Pedestrian and Passenger Vehicle Port of Entry]], Union Pacific rail, [[Nogales International Airport]], and the Mariposa Port of Entry. The [[Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry]] has twelve passenger vehicle inspection lanes and eight commercial inspection lanes.

Due to its location on the border and its major ports of entry, Nogales funnels an estimated $30 billion worth of international trade into Arizona and the United States, per year, in fresh produce and manufactured goods from Mexico and the world through the deep sea port in [[Guaymas]], Sonora, Mexico. This trade helps to support tens of thousands of jobs and the overall economies in Ambos Nogales and throughout the American state of Arizona and the Mexican state of Sonora.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biztucson.com/azmexico-commission/26-billion-in-cross-border-trade|title=$26 Billion in Cross-Border Trade|date=June 13, 2012|publisher=Biztucson.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730071640/http://www.biztucson.com/azmexico-commission/26-billion-in-cross-border-trade|archive-date=July 30, 2012|access-date=August 30, 2012}}</ref>

The town is named for the [[Juglans major|black walnut trees]] which once grew abundantly in the mountain pass between the cities of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, and can still be found around the town.

==History==
[[File:Nogales 1899.jpg|thumb|The boundary between Nogales, Arizona, in the United States, on the right, and Nogales, Sonora, in Mexico, on the left, running down the center of a wide avenue, about 1899]]
[[File:Mexican-American border at Nogales.jpg|thumb|Similar picture of the border from the opposite direction, 2007]]
[[File:Arizona - Nogales - NARA - 23933709.jpg|thumb|right|View of Nogales, 1940s]]

The name ''Nogales'' is derived from the Spanish word for 'walnut' or 'walnut tree'. It refers to the large stands of walnut trees that once stood in the mountain pass where Nogales is located.<ref name=cityofnogales>{{cite web| url=http://cityofnogales.net/visitors| title=Welcome to Nogales, AZ| publisher=City of Nogales| access-date=February 1, 2009| archive-date=August 8, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808113917/http://www.cityofnogales.net/visitors/| url-status=dead}}A view of the center of town from hillside, looking west along International Street, c. 1898–99</ref>

Nogales was at the beginning of the 1775–1776 [[Juan Bautista de Anza]] Expedition as it entered the present-day U.S. from [[New Spain]], and the town is now on the [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]]. On the second floor of the 1904 Nogales Courthouse is a small room dedicated to the 1775–1776 Anza Expedition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/juba/planyourvisit/anza-related-sites.htm |title=Anza Related Sites – Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service) |publisher=Nps.gov |date=February 9, 2014 |access-date=March 1, 2014}}</ref>

In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established ''Los Nogales de Elías.'' Following the [[Gadsden Purchase]] in 1853, Nogales became a part of the [[United States|United States of America]]. In 1880, Russian-Jewish immigrants Isaac and Jacob Isaacson homesteaded the trading post of '''Isaacson, Arizona''', at present-day Nogales.<ref name="JMAW">{{cite web |url=https://www.jmaw.org/isaacson-nogalas-jewish/ |title=Isaac & Jacob Isaacson: The Original Jewish Pioneer Brothers of Isaacson/Nogales, Arizona Territory |date=May 20, 2013 |work=Jewish Museum of the American West |publisher=Western States Jewish History Association}}</ref> The U.S. Postal Service opened the Isaacson post office but renamed it as Nogales in 1883.<ref name=nogaleshistory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nogaleshistory.com/nogales_history.html |title=Nogales History |publisher=Pimeria Alta Museum |access-date=February 1, 2009}}</ref><ref name="JMAW"/>

In 1915, according to historian David Leighton, Sonora Gov. Jose M. Maytorena ordered the construction of an 11-wire fence, separating Nogales, Sonora from Nogales, Arizona, but it was taken down four months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tucson.com/news/blogs/streetsmarts/street-smarts-first-fence-built-to-hold-back-cattle/article_53067fa5-9ef9-53a2-bd6a-b44d3e67c2f4.html|title=Street Smarts: First fence built to hold back cattle|first=David Leighton For the Arizona Daily|last=Star|date=April 6, 2015 }}</ref>

On August 27, 1918, a [[Battle of Ambos Nogales|battle]] between United States Army forces and Mexican militia – mostly civilian in composition – took place. Culminating as the result of a decade's worth of tensions originating from the [[Mexican Revolution]] and earlier battles in Nogales along the border in 1913 and 1915, the main consequence of the 1918 violence saw the building of the first permanent border wall between Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, along the previously unobstructed boundary line on International Street.

==Demographics==

{{US Census population
|1890= 1194
|1900= 1761
|1910= 3514
|1920= 5199
|1930= 6006
|1940= 5135
|1950= 6153
|1960= 7286
|1970= 8946
|1980= 15683
|1990= 19489
|2000= 20878
|2010= 20837
|2020= 19770
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Racial Composition
|-
! Race ''<small>(NH = Non-Hispanic)</small>'' !! % 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE (2020) |url=https://data.census.gov/table?t=Race+and+Ethnicity&g=160XX00US0449640&d=DEC+Demographic+and+Housing+Characteristics |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> !! % 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE (2010) |url=https://data.census.gov/table?t=Race+and+Ethnicity&g=160XX00US0449640&y=2010 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau}}</ref> !! % 2000<ref>{{cite book |title=Arizona: 2000 |publisher=US Census Bureau |pages=26-27 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2002/dec/phc-1-4.pdf}}</ref> !! Pop. 2020 !! Pop. 2010 !! Pop. 2000
|-
| White Alone (NH) || 3.3% || 3.9%|| 5.5%|| 645|| 803|| 1,139
|-
| Black Alone (NH) || 0.2%|| 0.1%|| 0.2%|| 42|| 28|| 38
|-
| American Indian Alone (NH) || 0.1%|| 0.2%|| 0.2%|| 18|| 48|| 38
|-
| Asian Alone (NH) || 0.6%|| 0.6%|| 0.3%|| 115|| 125|| 65
|-
| Pacific Islander Alone (NH) || 0%|| 0%|| 0%|| 1|| 1|| 4
|-
| Other Race Alone (NH) || 0.3%|| 0%|| 0.1%|| 64|| 8|| 19
|-
| Multiracial (NH) || 0.3%|| 0.1%|| 0.2%|| 55|| 31|| 36
|-
| Hispanic (Any race) || 95.2%|| 95%|| 93.6%|| 18,830|| 19,793|| 19,539
|}

As of the 2010 [[census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website  }}</ref> there were 20,878 people, 5,985 households, and 4,937 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1,002.1|PD/sqmi|}}. There were 6,501 housing units at an average density of {{convert|312.0|/sqmi|abbr=on}}. The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.4% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 24.3% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.4% from two or more races. 95.0% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 6,362 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 24.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 15.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was 3.62.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.6% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,044, and the median income for a family was $24,637. Males had a median income of $24,636 versus $18,403 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,440. About 30.8% of families and 32.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 41.2% of those under age 18 and 32.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Geography==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|20.8|sqmi|abbr=on}}, all  land.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}

The city is at an elevation of {{convert|3829|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gnis/>

===Climate===
Nogales has a [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid steppe climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh/BSk''), which is less hot and more rainy than a typical [[desert climate|arid]] climate  such as Phoenix. In the winter months, Nogales averages daily maximum temperatures in the mid to upper 60s, with December averaging daily highs of around {{convert|65|F}}. Lows typically settle just above the freezing mark ({{convert|32|F|disp=or}}) on a majority of nights, but it is not uncommon to see temperatures tumble below {{convert|25|F}} on some winter nights.

On the other hand, in the summer months, highs average between {{convert|90|and|100|F}}, with the month of June being the hottest with an average daytime high of {{convert|97|F}}. Nighttime lows for the summer months remain in the lower to mid 60s for the duration of the season. The [[Arizona Monsoon]] generally runs through July and August, and these months typically see eight inches or more of combined rainfall, which brings the average annual [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] for Nogales to about {{convert|15|in|abbr=on}}. Some monsoon season storms are capable of producing several inches of rain in a short amount of time, creating flash flood hazards.

At the Nogales 6 N station, the all-time highest recorded temperature was {{convert|112|F}}, which was reached on June 26, 1990. The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-4|F}} on December 8, 1978.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Nogales, Arizona ([[Nogales International Airport]]) (1991&ndash;2020 normals, extremes 1999&ndash;present)
|single line = Y

|Jan avg record high F = 77.3
|Feb avg record high F = 80.5
|Mar avg record high F = 86.5
|Apr avg record high F = 91.3
|May avg record high F = 97.7
|Jun avg record high F = 105.3
|Jul avg record high F = 102.9
|Aug avg record high F = 100.2
|Sep avg record high F = 97.7
|Oct avg record high F = 93.0
|Nov avg record high F = 85.7
|Dec avg record high F = 78.8
|year avg record high F = 106.2

| Jan high F = 65.8
| Feb high F = 67.6
| Mar high F = 73.3
| Apr high F = 79.4
| May high F = 87.7
| Jun high F = 96.9
| Jul high F = 94.1
| Aug high F = 92.2
| Sep high F = 90.3
| Oct high F = 83.1
| Nov high F = 73.3
| Dec high F = 64.9
|year high F = 80.7
|Jan mean F = 50.0
|Feb mean F = 51.7
|Mar mean F = 56.8
|Apr mean F = 61.9
|May mean F = 69.9
|Jun mean F = 79.6
|Jul mean F = 80.5
|Aug mean F = 78.9
|Sep mean F = 75.4
|Oct mean F = 66.3
|Nov mean F = 56.7
|Dec mean F = 49.4
|year mean F = 64.8
| Jan low F = 34.1
| Feb low F = 35.9
| Mar low F = 40.3
| Apr low F = 44.4
| May low F = 52.1
| Jun low F = 62.4
| Jul low F = 66.9
| Aug low F = 65.6
| Sep low F = 60.5
| Oct low F = 49.5
| Nov low F = 40.1
| Dec low F = 33.9
|year low F = 48.8

|Jan avg record low F = 21.2
|Feb avg record low F = 23.1
|Mar avg record low F = 29.1
|Apr avg record low F = 33.5
|May avg record low F = 41.8
|Jun avg record low F = 53.3
|Jul avg record low F = 61.8
|Aug avg record low F = 60.3
|Sep avg record low F = 52.1
|Oct avg record low F = 37.7
|Nov avg record low F = 28.7
|Dec avg record low F = 21.6
|year avg record low F = 18.1

|Jan record high F = 82
|Feb record high F = 88
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 106
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 110
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 100
|Nov record high F = 91
|Dec record high F = 82
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F = 10
|Feb record low F = 11
|Mar record low F = 22
|Apr record low F = 28
|May record low F = 33
|Jun record low F = 48
|Jul record low F = 53
|Aug record low F = 52
|Sep record low F = 43
|Oct record low F = 24
|Nov record low F = 20
|Dec record low F = 14
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 0.84
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.78
| Mar precipitation inch = 0.63
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.28
| May precipitation inch = 0.15
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.54
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.18
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.41
| Sep precipitation inch = 1.53
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.65
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.62
| Dec precipitation inch = 1.01
|year precipitation inch = 14.62
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 4.1
| Feb precipitation days = 3.9
| Mar precipitation days = 2.8
| Apr precipitation days = 1.6
| May precipitation days = 1.1
| Jun precipitation days = 3.2
| Jul precipitation days = 15.1
| Aug precipitation days = 14.0
| Sep precipitation days = 6.6
| Oct precipitation days = 3.4
| Nov precipitation days = 2.5
| Dec precipitation days = 4.3
| year precipitation days = 62.6
|Jan snow inch =
|Feb snow inch =
|Mar snow inch =
|Apr snow inch =
|May snow inch =
|Jun snow inch =
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|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days =
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|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00003196&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Nogales INTL AP, AZ
|access-date = April 30, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 2006&ndash;2020)<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=twc
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Tucson
|access-date = April 30, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|location = Nogales 6 N, Arizona (1991&ndash;2020 normals, extremes 1952&ndash;present)
|single line = Y

|Jan avg record high F = 77.4
|Feb avg record high F = 79.7
|Mar avg record high F = 85.2
|Apr avg record high F = 91.5
|May avg record high F = 98.4
|Jun avg record high F = 104.7
|Jul avg record high F = 103.5
|Aug avg record high F = 100.5
|Sep avg record high F = 97.7
|Oct avg record high F = 93.9
|Nov avg record high F = 85.2
|Dec avg record high F = 77.6
|year avg record high F = 105.7

| Jan high F = 65.3
| Feb high F = 67.2
| Mar high F = 72.8
| Apr high F = 79.4
| May high F = 87.4
| Jun high F = 96.5
| Jul high F = 94.4
| Aug high F = 92.3
| Sep high F = 90.5
| Oct high F = 83.5
| Nov high F = 73.4
| Dec high F = 64.6
|year high F = 80.6
|Jan mean F = 46.8
|Feb mean F = 48.8
|Mar mean F = 53.9
|Apr mean F = 59.4
|May mean F = 66.9
|Jun mean F = 76.4
|Jul mean F = 79.8
|Aug mean F = 78.2
|Sep mean F = 74.0
|Oct mean F = 64.1
|Nov mean F = 53.9
|Dec mean F = 46.3
|year mean F = 62.4
| Jan low F = 28.3
| Feb low F = 30.5
| Mar low F = 35.0
| Apr low F = 39.5
| May low F = 46.3
| Jun low F = 56.3
| Jul low F = 65.3
| Aug low F = 64.0
| Sep low F = 57.5
| Oct low F = 44.6
| Nov low F = 34.4
| Dec low F = 28.0
|year low F = 44.1

|Jan avg record low F = 18.6
|Feb avg record low F = 20.8
|Mar avg record low F = 25.3
|Apr avg record low F = 29.4
|May avg record low F = 36.2
|Jun avg record low F = 45.1
|Jul avg record low F = 56.4
|Aug avg record low F = 57.6
|Sep avg record low F = 47.9
|Oct avg record low F = 32.8
|Nov avg record low F = 22.5
|Dec avg record low F = 17.9
|year avg record low F = 15.1

|Jan record high F = 85
|Feb record high F = 89
|Mar record high F = 95
|Apr record high F = 99
|May record high F = 107
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 109
|Aug record high F = 107
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 101
|Nov record high F = 93 
|Dec record high F = 83
|year record high F =
|Jan record low F = 8
|Feb record low F = 9
|Mar record low F = 13
|Apr record low F = 7 
|May record low F = 25
|Jun record low F = 34
|Jul record low F = 44
|Aug record low F = 40
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 19
|Nov record low F = 8
|Dec record low F = -4
|year record low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 0.98
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.92
| Mar precipitation inch = 0.69
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.35
| May precipitation inch = 0.17
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.68
| Jul precipitation inch = 3.59
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.91
| Sep precipitation inch = 2.23
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.85
| Nov precipitation inch = 0.59
| Dec precipitation inch = 1.14
|year precipitation inch = 16.10
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 4.8
| Feb precipitation days = 4.8
| Mar precipitation days = 3.5
| Apr precipitation days = 1.6
| May precipitation days = 1.4
| Jun precipitation days = 2.3
| Jul precipitation days = 14.2
| Aug precipitation days = 13.7
| Sep precipitation days = 7.0
| Oct precipitation days = 3.2
| Nov precipitation days = 3.2
| Dec precipitation days = 5.5
| year precipitation days = 65.2
|Jan snow inch = 0.3
|Feb snow inch = 0.0
|Mar snow inch = 0.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.0
|year snow inch = 0.3
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.0
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.1
|year snow days = 0.1

|source 1 = NOAA<ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00025924&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Nogales 6 N, AZ
|access-date = April 30, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name="NOWData"/>
}}

==Economy==
The economy of Nogales is heavily dependent on the cross-border trade through its Ports of Entry by produce distributors and American-based manufacturing plants in Nogales, Sonora and throughout the rest of the Mexican states of Sonora and Sinaloa. Most of Nogales' economy is based on [[agribusiness]] and produce distributors, which comes from large farms in the Mexican agri-belt. Despite its small population, Nogales actually receives much patronage from its bordering sister-city, Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Most observers guess the population of Nogales, Sonora, at roughly 300,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nogales, Mexico Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/mexico/nogales |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} International commerce is a big part of Nogales' economy.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nogalesinternational.com/articles/2010/04/16/news/doc4bc88657edc9e220093797.txt |title=Kyl, McCain to DHS: Speed up Nogales border crossings |newspaper= [[Nogales International]] |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> More than 60 percent of Nogales' sales tax comes from the estimated 30,000 Mexican shoppers crossing the border daily.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nogalesinternational.com/articles/2010/06/05/news/doc4c091c8de7d1f463433316.txt |title=Sales tax hike met with mixed response |newspaper= Nogales International |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, are home to one of the largest [[maquiladora]] clusters.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} This enables American manufacturing plants on both sides of the border to take advantage of favorable wage and operating costs and excellent transportation and distribution networks.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}

The [[Diplomatic missions of Mexico|Consulate-General of Mexico in Nogales]] is located on 135 W. Cardwell St.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/index.php/consulados/nogales |title=Información sobre el consulado |language=es |publisher= [[Diplomatic missions of Mexico|Consulate-General of Mexico in Nogales]] |access-date=May 13, 2011}}</ref>

The United States Department of Homeland Security is a major economic driver in the Ambos Nogales region, with thousands of employees working for both the Border Patrol and Customs and Border Protection. Due to the large federal, state, and local police presence, Nogales has one of the highest police per-capita levels in the United States.

The largest employers in Nogales are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azcommerce.com/ |title=Leadership that puts business first |publisher=AzCommerce.com |access-date=August 30, 2012}}</ref>
* Seattle Sports
* City of Nogales
* [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona|County of Santa Cruz]]
* Dependable Home Health
* E.D.S. Manufacturing
* [[Carondelet Holy Cross Hospital|Holy Cross Hospital]]
* [[The Home Depot]]
* Mariposa Community Health Center
* [[Nogales Unified School District]]
* [[Safeway Inc.|Safeway]]
* [[General Cable|Prestolite Wire]]
* [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] Supply Chain Solutions
* [[Walmart]]

==Scenic attractions==
The county of Santa Cruz and the city of Nogales have 200 properties listed in the National Register of Historic Sites, including [[Tumacacori National Monument]] first visited by Father [[Eusebio Kino]] in 1691 and [[Tubac]] Presidio, established by the Spanish in 1752 on an Indian village site. Others include the Old Tubac Schoolhouse, Old Nogales City Hall, Santa Cruz County Courthouse, and Patagonia Railroad Depot. The Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Sanctuary, 19 miles east, attracts worldwide visitors to see its diverse bird life. It is also host to ghost towns and mining camps, curio shops, first-class restaurants and night clubs.

The Santa Cruz County Historical Courthouse on Morley Street/Court Street has the statue of [[Lady Justice]] on top of the building. The Nogales version of Lady Justice is not wearing a blindfold.

Interesting architecture and historical homes along Crawford and Court Streets provide a glimpse of border life at its peak during that time period.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenogaleschamber.com/Portal/VisitingMexico/AdayinNogalesSonora/tabid/72/Default.aspx |title=A day in Nogales Sonora |publisher=Thenogaleschamber.com |access-date=August 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820092023/http://www.thenogaleschamber.com/Portal/VisitingMexico/AdayinNogalesSonora/tabid/72/Default.aspx |archive-date=August 20, 2012  }}</ref> A day trip to old Nogales, Sonora reveals many of the same architectural uniqueness.

Several state parks and recreation areas are located close to Nogales, including Patagonia State Park, Peña Blanca Lake, Parker Canyon Lake, and Coronado National Forest. The Wine Country of Sonoita-Elgin is also located 20 miles east of Nogales.

==Government==
The City of Nogales operates under a [[Council–manager government|council-manager]] form of government in which the mayor is elected to a 4-year term and has a single vote on the city council. The council then hires a city manager to run the day-to-day operations of the city. The 6 city council members are elected at-large to 4-year terms.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nogalesaz.gov/City-Government/ |title=City Government, City Council |publisher=Nogalesaz.gov |access-date=August 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005032730/http://www.nogalesaz.gov/City-Government/ |archive-date=October 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Transportation==
Nogales is located at the south end of [[Interstate 19]]. [[Arizona State Route 189]] connects Interstate 19 with the [[Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry]] and [[Mexican Federal Highway 15]]. [[Arizona State Route 82]] connects Nogales with [[Patagonia, Arizona|Patagonia]] and [[Sonoita, Arizona|Sonoita]]. [[Interstate 11]] is proposed to replace I-19, terminating in Nogales.

Santa Cruz County operates the [[Nogales International Airport]], a general use airport.

Local bus transportation in Nogales is currently provided by local companies.<ref>[https://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/Multimodal_Planning_Division/Planning_Assistance_for_Rural_Areas_Studies/PARA-Nogales_Pedestrian_Circulation_at_Port_of_Entries-Final_Report-1205.pdf Pedestrian Circulation at Port of Entry]</ref> Private bus companies [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] and [[TUFESA]], as well as several shuttle companies, connect Nogales with Tucson and points north.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Star| first = Arizona Daily| title = Greyhound expands rural bus service in Southern Arizona| work = Arizona Daily Star| date = October 15, 2016| access-date = December 29, 2016| url = http://tucson.com/business/tucson/greyhound-expands-rural-bus-service-in-southern-arizona/article_e1b47f13-ab1c-5dc0-a7a0-26c09d6d6ca1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last1 = Cronen| first1 = Julian| last2 =Lizarraga | first2 = Karen | title = A shuttle service: 'Who's going to Nogales?' |work=Arizona Sonora News| access-date = December 29, 2016| url = http://arizonasonoranewsservice.com/nogales-connection-daily-shuttle-service-delivers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229172350/http://arizonasonoranewsservice.com/nogales-connection-daily-shuttle-service-delivers/ |archive-date=December 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last = Curt Prendergast| title = Stiff competition at shuttle central| work = Nogales International| date = January 30, 2015| access-date = December 29, 2016| url = http://www.nogalesinternational.com/news/stiff-competition-at-shuttle-central/article_ce81bbee-a88f-11e4-b326-a3de60dcf006.html}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
Many dozens of motion pictures have been filmed around the Nogales area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Locations |url=https://nogalesaz.gov/Film-Locations/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929214911/https://nogalesaz.gov/Film-Locations/ |archive-date=September 29, 2016 |access-date=May 23, 2022 |website=NogalesAZ.gov |publisher=City of Nogales, Arizona}}</ref> ''[[The Hangover Part III]]'' (2013) was partially filmed in Nogales during late 2012. Parts of town were decorated to appear to be Tijuana, Mexico.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prendergast |first=Curt |date=October 9, 2012 |title=Hollywood comes to Nogales |url=http://www.nogalesinternational.com/news/hollywood-comes-to-nogales/article_1a47a7b0-1228-11e2-b153-0019bb2963f4.html |via=Nogales International}}</ref> ''[[Dog (2022 film)|Dog]]'' (2022) was partially set in Nogales, as the location for the funeral scene at the end,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villarreal |first=Phil |date=February 17, 2022 |title=Tatum, canine co-star team for heart and laughs in 'Dog' |url=https://www.kgun9.com/at-the-box-office/tatum-canine-co-star-team-for-heart-and-laughs-in-dog |website=[[KGUN-TV|9-KGUN Tucson]] |quote=Escorting Lulu, a military working dog from Washington D.C. to Nogales, Ariz. in order to appear at her handler's funeral.}}</ref> although these scenes were filmed in [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Welk |first=Brian |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Los Angeles Film Shoots at 47% of Pre-COVID Levels, FilmLA Says |url=https://www.thewrap.com/los-angeles-film-shoots-at-47-of-pre-covid-conditions-filmla-says/ |access-date=May 23, 2022 |website=TheWrap |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Georges Simenon]]'s novel ''[[The Bottom of the Bottle (novel)|The Bottom of the Bottle]]'' is set in Nogales. A small part of [[William Gibson]]'s short story, "The Gernsback Continuum" refers to the city of Nogales. It is also mentioned as a border crossing point in [[Carlos Castaneda]]'s ''Don Juan'' series, and a gateway into the Mexican [[Yaqui people|Yaqui]] communities of Sonora.

Nogales is discussed at length in the popular [[political economy|political economics]] book ''[[Why Nations Fail]]'', comparing the relative success of Nogales, Arizona, to the poverty of [[Nogales, Sonora]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FXJvAAAAQBAJ&q=Nogales|title=Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty|last1=Acemoglu|first1=Daron|last2=Robinson|first2=James A.|publisher=Currency|year=2017|isbn=978-0307719225}}</ref>

Oscar winner [[Benicio del Toro]] dedicated his award to Ambos Nogales during his acceptance speech at the 73rd Annual Academy Awards in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nogalesinternational.com/oscar-winner-del-toro-salutes-ambos-nogales/article_ed47b8ce-87d4-5b67-ae91-798bf0947358.html|title = Oscar winner del Toro salutes Ambos Nogales| date=March 28, 2001 }}</ref>
<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->

==Notable people==
* [[Bob Baffert]] – 2015 & 2018 Triple Crown winner, champion [[horse]] breeder and trainer
* [[Andrew Leo Bettwy]] – [[Arizona State Land Commissioner]] 1970–78
* [[Movita Castaneda]] – Actress best known for being the second wife of actor [[Marlon Brando]]
* [[Travis Edmonson]] – Member of 1960's influential folk duo "Bud & Travis"
* [[Adrian Fontes]] – 22nd and current Secretary of State of Arizona since 2023
* [[Jack Hannah|John Frederick "Jack" Hannah]] – Academy Award-winning [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney Studio]]s artist and director
* [[Gil Heredia]] – 10-year Major League Baseball pitcher and University of Arizona Sports Hall of Fame member, born 1965.
* [[Christine McIntyre]] – Actress, starred in 22 feature films, most notably as supporting character in Three Stooges films
* [[Charles Mingus]] – Jazz bass player, composer, and bandleader
* [[Jack O'Connor (American writer)|Jack O'Connor]] – Longtime firearms editor for ''Outdoor Life'' magazine
* [[Alberto Alvaro Ríos]] – Author, poet, won the 1981 [[Walt Whitman]] award for "Whispering to Fool the Wind", current State of Arizona Poet Laureate.
* [[Roger Smith (actor)|Roger Smith]] – Actor, star of ''[[77 Sunset Strip]]'', husband to movie star [[Ann-Margret]].
* [[Verita Bouvaire-Thompson]] – Actress turned hairdresser, [[Humphrey Bogart]]'s friend.

==See also==
{{Portal|Arizona|Cities}}
* [[Battle of Nogales (1913)]]
* [[Battle of Nogales (1915)]]
* [[Battle of Ambos Nogales]]
* [[Nogales, Sonora]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Nogales, Arizona|voy=Nogales (Arizona)}}
* [http://www.nogalesaz.gov/ Official government website]
* [http://www.thenogaleschamber.org/ Nogales-Santa Cruz County Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.nusd.k12.az.us Nogales Unified School District]

{{Santa Cruz County, Arizona}}
{{Arizona county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nogales, Arizona| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Arizona]]
[[Category:County seats in Arizona]]
[[Category:Mexico–United States border crossings]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Arizona]]
[[Category:Cities in Santa Cruz County, Arizona]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sonoran Desert]]
[[Category:Twin cities]]
[[Category:1841 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:Divided cities]]