Editing Nissan Z-car

{{Redirect|Z-car}}
{{Redirect|Nissan Z|the seventh-generation Nissan Z-car|Nissan Z (RZ34)}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Nissan Z-car
| image = Datsun 240Z mfd 1970 registered January 1971 per dvla 2393cc.jpg
| caption = 1970 Datsun 240Z (S30)
| aka = Nissan Fairlady Z (Japan)
| manufacturer = [[Nissan]]
| production = {{Plainlist|
*October 1969 – present
}}
| assembly = {{ubl 
|Japan: [[Hiratsuka|Hiratsuka, Kanagawa]] ([[Nissan Shatai]], 1969–2000); [[Yokosuka|Oppama]] (2002–2004); [[Kaminokawa, Tochigi]] (2004–present)
|South Africa: [[Rosslyn, South Africa]] (1982 to 1985, 2nd generation Z-car.; 1992 to 1994, 4th generation Z-car)
}}
| class = [[Sports car]]<br />[[Grand tourer]]<br />[[Track Car]]
| body_style = 
| layout = {{Plainlist|
*[[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] (1969–2000)
*[[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout#Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] (2002–present)
}}
| predecessor = [[Datsun Sports|Nissan Fairlady]]
}}

The '''Nissan Z-series''' is a model series of [[sports car]]s manufactured by [[Nissan]] since 1969.

The original Z was first sold on October of 1969 in Japan as the {{nihongo|'''Nissan Fairlady Z'''|日産・フェアレディZ|Nissan Fearedi Zetto|lead=yes}} at [[Nissan#Japan|Nissan Exhibition]] dealerships that previously sold the [[Nissan Bluebird]]. It was initially marketed as the '''Datsun 240Z''' for international customers. Since then, Nissan has manufactured seven generations of Z-cars, with the most recent—simply known as the Nissan Z—in production since 2022.

Main rival cars in the Japanese market  included the [[Toyota Celica]], [[Toyota Supra]], [[Mitsubishi GTO|Mitsubishi 3000GT]] and [[Mazda RX-7]].

The earlier models of the Nissan Z were built at the [[Nissan Shatai]] plant in [[Hiratsuka]] until 2000, while the later models (350Z and 370Z) are built at [[Yokosuka|Oppama]] (2002–2004) and [[Tochigi (city)|Tochigi]] (2004–present). Known for their looks, reliability, performance and affordability, every Z car has been sold in Japan as the Fairlady Z and elsewhere under the names [[Nissan Fairlady Z (S30)]], [[Nissan Fairlady Z (S130)]], [[Nissan 300ZX]], [[Nissan 350Z]], [[Nissan 370Z]] and [[Nissan Z (RZ34)|Nissan Z]].

==History==
[[File:NISSAN FAIRLADY Z Z34 logo.svg|thumb|left|Wordmark for [[Nissan 370Z|Z34 Fairlady Z/370Z]].]]

Nissan was a relatively small automobile manufacturer when it entered the international market in the 1960s and partnered with [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] to design a new sports car prototype as an update to the [[Nissan Fairlady]]. This effort resulted in the prototype Yamaha YX-30 in 1961.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prototyper utan framtid |trans-title= Prototypes without a future |date = 4 August 2019|url=https://www.klassiker.nu/bildspel/prototyper-utan-framtid?main=2647 |publisher=Klassiker |access-date=8 August 2019|language=Swedish}}</ref> Nissan executives saw the prototype as a [[halo car]] that would improve their company's image in the minds of consumers. By 1964, Nissan had realized that Yamaha's [[Overhead camshaft#Dual overhead camshaft|DOHC]] 2.0-liter engine was not meeting Nissan's expectations and the project was scrapped. Yamaha later finished a [[prototype]] and took their design to Toyota, resulting in the [[Toyota 2000GT]].

[[Yutaka Katayama]], the president of Nissan USA at the time, realized the importance of making an affordable sports car available internationally. Nissan had already produced the successful series of [[Datsun Sports|Fairlady]] roadsters for many decades that competed mainly with English and Italian roadsters. The product planners envisioned a new line of [[Grand Tourer|GT]] cars that would be stylish, innovative, fast and relatively inexpensive through the use of [[interchangeable parts]] with other Nissan vehicles. Nissan also added the engineering background and product development experience of the recently acquired [[Prince Motor Company]], which manufactured the [[Nissan Skyline#ALSI|Prince Skyline]] (renamed Nissan Skyline in 1966).

===First generation: Nissan Fairlady Z and Datsun 240Z, 260Z, 280Z===
:{{main|Nissan Fairlady Z (S30)}}
[[File:Datsun 260Z 2+2 in Oz.jpg|thumb|Datsun 260Z 2+2]]
Sales of the Nissan Z-cars (internally also called S30 or Z29) started in October 1969 (for the 1970 model year), with separate versions for the Japanese and U.S. markets. The Japanese Fairlady Z featured a 2.0L [[Overhead camshaft#Single overhead camshaft|SOHC]] L20A [[straight-six engine]] producing {{convert|130|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, while the US Datsun 240Z featured a 2.4L L24 inline-6 with twin [[Hitachi]] [[SU Carburetter|SU-type]] [[carburetor]]s that produced {{convert|151|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} ([[Horsepower#SAE gross power|SAE gross horsepower]]). A third Z, the [[Nissan S30#Fairlady Z432|Z432 (PS30)]] shared a performance version of the [[Overhead camshaft#Dual overhead camshaft|DOHC]] 2.0&nbsp;L [[Nissan S20 engine|S20]] engine with the [[Nissan Skyline GT-R#First generation (1969–1972)|Nissan Skyline 2000 {{nobr|GT-R}}]].

In Japan, the Z was still known as the Fairlady to keep the car in line with the previous generation [[Datsun Sports]] roadster. [[Japanese domestic market]] (JDM) versions had the Fairlady Z badge on the lower fenders with the 432 badge above (the 432 designation was 4 valves, 3 carburetors, and 2 camshafts). However, Yutaka Katayama ensured the American version had all Nissan, Fairlady Z, and 432 badging replaced with "[[Datsun]]" and prevented all dealer shipments until they were replaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zccc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/112009.pdf|title=The Odometer |date=2009|publisher=The Official Newsletter of the Z Car Club of Colorado Established 1983}}</ref>

The 240Z was released in America on October 22, 1969. It sold over 45,000 units through the '71 model year and over 50,000 and 40,000 in 1972 and 1973, respectively.
[[File:1978 Datsun 280Z 2-seater in Light Blue Metallic, front left.jpg|thumb|Datsun 280Z (S30)]]
The 260Z was released in 1974. Engine displacement increased to 2.6 L, and Nissan introduced a [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2 model]] option with a 30&nbsp;cm (1 foot) stretched wheelbase and length. Engine power increased to {{convert|154|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, except for most areas of the U.S., where power decreased to {{convert|139|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} ([[Horsepower#SAE net power|SAE net horsepower]]) due to new camshafts, carburetors, and lower compression, that were introduced to comply with new US emissions regulations.

[[File:2014 Rolling Sculpture Car Show 32 (1978 Datsun 280Z "Black Pearl" engine).jpg|thumb|Datsun 280Z “Black Pearl” 2.8L L28E]]
The 280Z was released in 1975 for North America only (not to be confused with the second-generation [[Nissan 280ZX|''280ZX'']]) and featured a further engine displacement increase, to 2.8 L. A&nbsp;major change was the introduction of [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[fuel injection]], replacing the previous SU carburetors. This resulted in a power increase to {{convert|170|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} ([[Horsepower#SAE gross power|SAE gross horsepower]]), offsetting increased weight from added luxury features and an enlarged [[Bumper (automobile)|bumper]] that met US Federal regulations. Export markets outside North America however kept receiving the Datsun 260Z, until the introduction of the Datsun 280ZX in late 1978.
{{anchor|S130}}

===Second generation: Nissan Fairlady 280ZX (S130/Z30)===
:{{main|Nissan Fairlady Z (S130)}}
[[File:Nissan 280ZX Turbo.jpg|thumb|Nissan/Datsun 280ZX (S130)]]
Known as the Datsun/Nissan 280ZX in export markets, the car continued to use the "Fairlady" moniker in the Japanese domestic market where 2-litre inline-six engines were also available and were first introduced in 1978. That same year, main rival Toyota introduced the [[Toyota Supra|Supra]] as its answer to the new Fairlady, although it also continued to produce the Celica that it was based on.

The only thing left unchanged from the previous 280Z was the 5-speed manual transmission and 2.8-liter L28 inline-6 engine, while the entire car overall was made more luxurious to meet growing consumer demands. Major changes for this new generation of Z-cars include [[t-top]]s, introduced in 1980, and a [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] model introduced in 1981, complementing the naturally aspirated (NA) 2-seater and NA 2+2 models. Coupled with either a 3-speed automatic or 5-speed manual transmission, the turbocharged model was capable of {{convert|180|bhp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|203|lbfft|N.m|abbr=on}} of torque, over the {{convert|135|bhp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|144|lbfft|N.m|abbr=on}} of the NA engine.

Notable models include the 10th Anniversary Edition, featuring gold emblems, gold alloy wheels, and two-toned paint in either gold/red and black, with luxury features such as leather seats, headlamp washers, and automatic climate control.

The 280ZX was wildly popular, being hailed as ''[[Motor Trend]]''{{'}}s [[Motor Trend Car of the Year#Import Car of the Year|Import Car of the Year]] for 1979 and going on to set a Z-car sales record of 86,007 units in its first year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/nissan-z-history4.htm|title=Datsun 280ZX - HowStuffWorks|work=HowStuffWorks|access-date=2009-11-21|archive-date=2011-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612172544/http://auto.howstuffworks.com/nissan-z-history4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> While on the one hand, it received praise for taking the Z-car to further levels of comfort and performance, many enthusiasts also lamented the further emphasis on luxury over driving fun. This would continue with the third generation of the Z-car, with a clean-sheet redesign.
{{anchor|Z31}}

===Third generation: Nissan 300ZX (Z31, First model)===
:{{main|Nissan 300ZX}}
[[File:CleanZ31.jpg|thumb|Early model Nissan 300ZX (Z31)]]
The Z-car was completely redesigned in 1984 and introduced Nissan's new series of 3.0-liter [[V6 engine]], dubbed the [[Nissan VG engine|VG]] series. The same engine was used in the electromotive (later to become NPTI) [[Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo|GTP ZX-Turbo]] that dominated the IMSA GTP races in 1988 and 1989. These were available in both [[Nissan VG engine#VG30E|VG30E]] naturally aspirated and [[Nissan VG engine#VG30ET|VG30ET]] turbocharged forms producing 160 and 200 bhp (120 and 150&nbsp;kW) respectively, although some VG30ET powered Z-cars exported outside of the U.S. produced {{convert|228|bhp|abbr=on}} due to a longer cam duration and fewer emission restrictions. These were showcased in sleek new wedge-shaped styling and given a new name, the 300ZX. Like [[Nissan S130|its predecessor]], it proved to be wildly popular and was the second best-selling Z-car in history<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elfland.net/About/z/ztimeline.html |title=Z-Car Historical Timeline |access-date=2007-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620074010/http://elfland.net/About/z/ztimeline.html |archive-date=2006-06-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> selling over 70,000 units due in part not only to its new styling but also to even more added luxury features and high performance. When the 300ZX Turbo was released in Japan, it offered the highest HP available in a Japanese standard production car at the time.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071008235134/http://www.vg30et.com/about.html VG30ET.com - About<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Much like the 280ZX that preceded it, the first gen 300ZX was thought by enthusiasts as more GT than a true sports car. It had improved handling, acceleration, and refinement than any previous model Z-car.

Nissan made various changes and claimed improvements to the Z31 model throughout its entire production. In 1983, Nissan first offered the 300ZX in Japan. It was introduced in the US one year later. All US-market 1984 model Nissan vehicles carried both Datsun and Nissan nameplates. Along with the arrival of their new flagship sports coupe, Nissan launched an aggressive marketing campaign to promote the brand name change from Datsun to Nissan. The 1984 Model can technically be considered the only year of the "Datsun 300ZX". The 1984 300ZX 50th Anniversary Edition was released in celebration of the company's 50th anniversary year. It was based on the standard 300ZX Turbo but was outfitted with every luxury feature available, a unique black interior with "body sonic" leather seats in addition to widened fender flares, requisite badging, rear quarter panel flares, and sixteen-inch (406 mm) wheels (400 mm).<ref>[http://z31.com/misc/info/ae/ae.hist.shtml AE info<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

[[File:Road America Paul Newman Nissan on display.jpg|thumb|Paul Newman's Road America Nissan 300zx]]
For the 1985 model year, Nissan dropped the Datsun name brand for good, but the car dealers were still known as Datsun dealers. [[Paul Newman]] raced in the 1985 GT1 Challenge and won. This was Newman's fourth national championship. Minor changes were made to the 300ZX including a water-cooled turbocharger and smoked taillights.

The 1986 model saw wider flared wheel wells, as well as body-color bumpers, and the rear quarter panels, were designed specifically to accommodate factory ground effect style side skirts. 1986 turbo models were equipped with an ordinary hood, markedly losing the turbo "scoop" on the driver's side.

[[File:87-89 Nissan 300ZX.jpg|thumb|Facelift Nissan 300ZX (Z31, US)]]
To keep up with quickly aging aesthetics, another slight redesign happened in 1987, consisting of new rounded, restyled, and longer front and rear bumpers, new headlights, and new taillights. The black trim on turbo models was now charcoal instead of gloss black, and 1987 Turbo models came with special "smoked" turbo-finned wheels. All 1987 model year turbo cars also received an upgraded manual transmission, and larger and more powerful brakes, and turbo cars produced from 4/87 and later came equipped with a clutch-type limited-slip differential.

For the 1988 models, there were again a few small changes. The turbocharger was switched from the [[Garrett AiResearch|Garrett]] T3 turbo to a lower-inertia T25 turbo, and the engine was from 7.8:1 to an 8.3:1 compression ratio to reduce turbocharger spool time and provide an instant boost at any usable RPM. The interior aluminum accents and chrome door handles that adorned the earlier cars were dropped in favor of matching color parts. Another special edition, the "Shiro Special" (SS), was released in 1988. It was only available in pearl white (''Shiro'' meaning "white" in Japanese). The SS package consisted of analog gauges and climate controls with a black interior, stiffer sway bars, stiffer springs, non-adjustable suspension, special seats (Recaro), a viscous-coupling limited slip differential, and a special front lower lip spoiler. This package had no options; all 88SS cars are identical.<ref>[http://z31.com/misc/info/ss/ The SS page<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

The 1989 Models are identical to 1988 models, though somewhat rare because Nissan winding-down production early in preparation for the second generation 300ZX. 
{{anchor|Z32}}

===Fourth generation: Nissan 300ZX (Z32, Second model)===
:{{main|Nissan 300ZX}}
[[File:300ZX.jpg|thumb|Nissan 300ZX (Z32)]]
The only thing unchanged from the previous generation 300ZX is the 3.0-liter V6 engine, now with dual overhead camshafts (DOHC), [[variable valve timing]] (VVT) and producing a rated {{convert|222|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|198|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} naturally aspirated. The turbo variant was upgraded with twin Garrett turbochargers and dual [[intercooler]]s. This produced {{convert|300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} with {{convert|283|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque.<ref>[http://www.twinturbo.net/ttnetfaq/stats/z32stats.html TwinTurbo.NET: Nissan 300ZX forum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  0-60 times of 5.0-6.0 seconds were reported,<ref>{{Cite web |last=St. Antoine |first=Arthur |date=August 1991 |title=Tested: 1991 Nissan 300ZX Turbo vs. Dodge Stealth R/T Turbo |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/comparison-test/a15140581/nissan-300zx-turbo-vs-dodge-stealth-r-t-turbo-archived-comparison-test/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240228205700/https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/comparison-test/a15140581/nissan-300zx-turbo-vs-dodge-stealth-r-t-turbo-archived-comparison-test/ |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=[[Car and Driver]]}}</ref> and it had a governed top speed of {{convert|155|mph|abbr=on}}.

Upon its release, the 300ZX won ''[[Motor Trend]]''{{'}}s [[Car of the Year|"Import Car of the Year"]] in 1990 as well as "One of the Top Ten Performance Cars". [[Automobile Magazine]] honored the 300ZX/300ZX Turbo as its "Design of the Year" and added it to their "All Stars" list. [[Road & Track]] named the 300ZX Turbo "One of the Ten Best Cars in the World", and ''[[Car and Driver]]'' added it to their [[Car and Driver 10Best|10Best]] for the seven years in which it was in production in America. American Z-car sales reached 1 million in 1990.

Nissan utilized the [[Cray]]-II supercomputer to completely design the new 300ZX with the form of [[CAD software]]. This made the 300ZX one of the first production cars to be developed in a [[CAD program]]. In return, it featured a whole host of technological advancements. On the twin turbo models, [[Steering#Four-wheel steering|four-wheel steering]] was available under the name [[HICAS|Super HICAS]] ''(High Capacity Actively Controlled Steering)''. The twin turbochargers, intercoolers, and requisite plumbing were left for a cramped engine bay; however, everything fit perfectly.

Like previous generations, Nissan offered a 2+2 model with the Z32. In 1993, a convertible version was introduced in the Z-car's history, as a response to aftermarket conversions. All 300ZXs now featured T-tops as standard, yet there were some rare hardtops (known as "slick tops") produced as well.

The 300ZX was doomed to the same fate as many Japanese sports cars of the time. The mid-'90s trend toward [[Sports utility vehicle|SUV]]s and the rising [[Japanese yen|Yen]]:[[United States dollar|Dollar]] ratio were both influential in ending North American 300ZX sales in 1996 at over 80,000 units sold (production for other markets continued until 2000). Probably the biggest killer of the 300ZX was its ever-inflating price;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/autos/street-smarts/is-nissan-killing-z-retrospective-article-1.3723803|title=Is the sun setting on Nissan's legendary Z car?|publisher=NYDailyNews}}</ref> at its release it was priced at about $30,000, but in its final year this price had increased to around $50,000. This left many people questioning its value, and despite a final Commemorative Edition of the final 300 units shipped to America (complete with decals and certificates of authenticity), the Z-Car was on hiatus. In Japan, however, the 300ZX lived on for a few more years with a face-lift including a new front fascia, tail lights, headlights, rear spoiler, and a few other minor changes.

===Nissan 240Z Concept (1999)===
[[File:Conceptz.jpg|thumb|Nissan 240Z (1999) Concept]]
In the U.S., the Z-car went on hiatus from 1997 to 2002, as Nissan focused more on SUVs and was also in some financial trouble. To keep Z-car interest alive, Nissan launched a restoration program in 1998 for which they purchased original 240Zs, professionally restored them, and re-sold them at dealerships for about $24,000.

[[File:Nissan 240Z Concept Car.jpg|thumb|left|Nissan 240Z Concept Car]]

Nissan next launched a concept car at the 1999 [[North American International Auto Show]], the 240Z Concept. A throwback to the original, it was a bright orange two-seater with classic swept-back styling. In addition, it was fully functional, with the 2.4-liter 4-cylinder [[Nissan KA engine#KA24DE|KA24DE]] engine from the [[Nissan 240SX|240SX]] featuring {{convert|200|bhp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|180|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. The designers used an original 240Z to inspire and the concept was created in only 12 weeks.<ref>[http://www.theautochannel.com/news/press/date/19990105/press002119.html Nissan Z Concept Goes 'Back to Basics'<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

The running concept, featuring a 4-cylinder engine compared to the Z-car's traditional 6-cylinder engine, was eventually thought less than a worthy successor to the line.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.300zx.cl/ga/300zx/images/zconcept.html |title=Concept: The Nissan Z<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2007-01-10 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002830/http://www.300zx.cl/ga/300zx/images/zconcept.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cars.com/carsapp/boston/?srv=parser&act=display&tf=/features/autoshow99/concept/nissan_2.tmpl|title=New Cars, Used Cars, Car Reviews - Cars.com|work=cars.com}}</ref>
{{anchor|Z33}}

===Fifth generation: Nissan 350Z (Z33)===
:{{main|Nissan 350Z}}
[[File:Nissan 350Z flickr.jpg|thumb|Nissan 350Z (Z33, Germany)]]
In 1999, the French company [[Renault]] bought 44.4% of Nissan and [[Carlos Ghosn]] became its [[chief operating officer]], but it would not be until 2001 when Ghosn became [[CEO]] that he would tell reporters: "We will build the ''Z''. And we will make it profitable."<ref>[http://www.roadandtrack.com/article.asp?section_id=6&article_id=18 ROADandTRACK.com - First Drives - 2003 Nissan 350Z (12/2001)<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005313/http://www.roadandtrack.com/article.asp?section_id=6&article_id=18 |date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

On January 8, 2001, Nissan introduced the Z Concept. Much like the previous Z concept, it debuted at the [[North American International Auto Show]] and was painted bright orange. The squat, long-hood/short-deck styling resulted from a competition between Nissan's Japanese, European, and American design studios, with the [[La Jolla]], [[California]] studio's design being chosen in March 2000. The product planners hoped to avoid the price problems that plagued the last few years of the [[Nissan 300ZX|300ZX]] with a target [[suggested retail price|MSRP]] of $30,000 while using the [[Porsche Boxster]] as a benchmark.<ref>[http://www.caranddriver.com/previews/3115/2003-nissan-z.html 2003 Nissan Z - First Drive Review / Japanese Performance / High Performance / Hot Lists / Reviews / Car and Driver - Car And Driver<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In the summer of 2002, the 350Z was released to wide acclaim. It employed a slightly improved version of the 3.5-liter [[Nissan VQ engine#VQ35DE|VQ35DE]] DOHC V6 engine found in multiple Nissan cars at the time, including the [[Nissan Skyline#V35|Skyline]] and [[Nissan Pathfinder|Pathfinder]]. Released in July 2002 in Japan at reorganized Nissan Japanese dealerships called ''[[Nissan Motor Company#Japan|Nissan Blue Stage]]'', and on August 20, 2002, in the U.S., the 350Z coupé was available in 5 trim packages: '350Z' (Base), 'Enthusiast', 'Performance', 'Touring', and 'Track' editions. In Europe, only the 'Track' trim was available, although it was badged and marketed as '350Z'. This engine initially produced {{convert|287|bhp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|274|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} torque, but in 2005 was increased to {{convert|300|bhp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|260|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}. Prices started at $26,000 US, well below the $30,000 mark initially set forth by Nissan. Coupled with either a 6-speed manual gearbox or a 5-speed automatic (the automatic lost {{convert|13|bhp|abbr=on}} in comparison), it was initially available only as a 2-seater hardtop. A convertible model was later introduced in 2004.

The 350Z was available in a selection of seven trim packages, depending on the year: "Base", "Enthusiast", "Performance", "Touring", "Grand Touring", "Track" and "[[Nismo]]". The base model 350Z, in comparison to the more expensive packages, did not have a limited-slip differential or a traction control system. Touring and Grand Touring models both featured leather seats, [[Bose Corporation|Bose]] entertainment systems, optional satellite navigation, VDC [[Electronic stability control|(vehicle dynamic control)]], and other user conveniences, while the Grand Touring models also added [[Rays Engineering]] forged wheels and the [[Brembo]] braking system found on the Track and Nismo models. In 2007, Nissan dropped the "Track" version in favor of the "Nismo" edition, but retained the Brembo brakes, Rays Engineering wheels, and simple interior, but added a larger exhaust and aggressive body kit. The second Nismo edition, released in 2007, included revised camshafts, a Nismo sport-tuned exhaust, custom Rays Engineering {{convert|18|in|adj=on}} wheels ({{convert|19|in|abbr=on|disp=or}} in rear), front and rear spoilers and rear diffuser, and a Brembo braking system with four-piston front and two-piston rear calipers (with {{convert|12.8|in|abbr=on|disp=or}} front and {{convert|12.7|in|abbr=on|disp=or}} rear rotors).

The 2005 35th Anniversary Edition and 2006 350Z were equipped with manual transmissions and received a newly revised engine, which increased the redline to 7,000 rpm and increased power to {{convert|300|hp|abbr=on}}.

2007-2008 models came with the 3.5L [[Nissan VQ engine#VQ35HR|VQ35HR]] engine with dual intakes and a 7,500 rpm redline, which produced a power output of {{convert|306|hp|abbr=on}}, and featured a more linear powerband in addition to the increased torque at lower revolutions. It is widely believed that this model year (2007–08) is the most desired among enthusiasts due to the car featuring a revised transmission (CD009) which solved all previous issues and the new engine architecture (VQ35HR) which provided an overall faster car.
{{anchor|Z34}}

===Sixth generation: Nissan 370Z (Z34)===
:{{main|Nissan 370Z}}
[[File:2013 Nissan 370Z (Z34 MY13.5) coupe (2015-06-18) 01.jpg|thumb|Nissan 370Z (Z34)]]
On December 30, 2008, the 370Z was introduced as a 2009 model. In June 2009, the second generation 2009 Nismo 370Z debuted.<ref name="Nissan News - NISMO 370Z">{{cite web |url=http://www.nissannews.com/newsrelease.do?id=716&mid=182 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110714185405/http://www.nissannews.com/newsrelease.do?id=716&mid=182 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-14 |title=All-New 2009 Nissan NISMO 370Z Offers Racing-Inspired Performance and Style |access-date=2009-07-09 |date=2008-04-07 |publisher=[[Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A.]] }}</ref>  This was followed by the introduction of the 2010 370Z Roadster in late summer of 2009.<ref name="Nissan News - Roadster">{{cite web |url=http://www.nissannews.com/newsrelease.do?id=697&mid=182 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110714185421/http://www.nissannews.com/newsrelease.do?id=697&mid=182 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-14 |title=All-New 2010 Nissan 370Z Roadster Adds Open-Air Excitement; Features Power Auto-Lock Top Design |access-date=2009-07-09 |date=2008-04-07 |publisher=[[Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A.]] }}</ref>

The 370Z (Z34) is powered by Nissan's 3.7 liter V6 engine, the [[Nissan VQ engine#VQ37VHR|VQ37VHR]]. The power output ranges from {{convert|333 to 355|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}, with peak torque of {{convert|37 to 38|kgm|Nm lbfft|abbr=on|0}}, depending on market and variant. The 370Z has an official {{convert|0-60|mph|abbr=on}} time of 5.1 seconds. However, the car has also been tested by Motor Trend Magazine, which reported a 4.7 second {{convert|0-60|mph|abbr=on}} with {{convert|1|ft|m|adj=on|1}} of rollout. Quarter mile times range from 13.1 and 13.6 seconds,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/nissan/370z/2017/2017-nissan-370z-coupe-first-test-review/|title=2017 NISSAN 370Z COUPE FIRST TEST REVIEW|date=2017|last=Jason Udy}}</ref> thus making the 370Z the fastest production Z. The 370Z is available with either a six-speed manual gearbox or a seven-speed automatic with paddle shifters. The six-speed manual is the first production car manual gearbox to feature a system that Nissan refers to as ''SynchroRev Match'', which automatically blips the throttle to match engine and transmission speed during downshifts, thus achieving the same effect as the [[heel-and-toe shifting|heel-and-toe]] downshift technique.

{{anchor|RZ34}}

=== Seventh generation: Nissan Z (RZ34) ===
:{{main|Nissan Z (RZ34)}}
[[File:Nissan FAIRLADY Z (Z34) Version ST, 2022, left-front.jpg|thumb|Nissan Z (RZ34)]]

The seventh-generation Nissan Z was first hinted at in 2018, when Alfonso Albaisa, senior vice president for global design at Nissan, confirmed to Australian automotive magazine ''WhichCar'' that a successor to the Nissan 370Z was being developed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nissan Officially Confirms New Z Car Is Being Developed|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/265179/nissan-confirms-new-z-car/|access-date=2020-09-04|website=Motor1.com}}</ref> On March 19, 2020, Nissan filed a trademark for two new logos: one was its new corporate logo, while the other was a new version of the Z-car logo, further confirming the existence of a new Z-car. Then, on May 28, 2020, as part of its global restructuring plan, named "Nissan Next", Nissan's official YouTube channel released a one-minute, twelve-second video showcasing its updated vehicle lineup, including the new Z-car; this video also confirmed the claim that the new Z-car would have retro styling, with its overall shape and circular running lights referencing the 240Z.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 28, 2020|title=NISSAN NEXT: From A to Z|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiqOLRJi7nU|access-date=September 3, 2020|website=YouTube}}</ref> On September 15, 2020, Nissan revealed the prototype version called the "Nissan Z Proto".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramey|first=Jay|date=2020-09-15|title=Nissan Z Proto Points the Way to a New Sports Car by Looking Back|url=https://www.autoweek.com/news/sports-cars/a34032580/nissan-z-proto-points-the-way-to-a-new-sports-car-by-looking-back/|website=Autoweek}}</ref> The prototype is {{convert|4382|mm|in|adj=on|1|abbr=on}} long, which is {{convert|142|mm|in|adj=on|1|abbr=on}} longer than the current Nissan Z car, the 370Z, and no wider. The production 2023 Nissan Z was revealed on August 17, 2021, in New York City.<ref>https://paultan.org/2021/08/18/2023-nissan-z-makes-its-official-global-debut/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref> Debuting as a 2023 model, the Nissan Z is the brand's first Z car without a number in the model name (which in the past had reflected the displacement of the engine).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nishimoto|first=Alex|date=2021-08-18|title=Nissan Z Expert Review|url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/nissan/z/2023/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=MotorTrend}}</ref> On August 18, 2021, Nissan confirmed that the new Z would not carry the Z35 chassis code but instead the RZ34 chassis code.

== Engines ==
The first two generations, [[Nissan S30|S30]] (240Z/260Z/280Z) and [[Nissan S130|S130]] (280ZX) of Z-car were powered by a [[straight-six engine]], (part of the [[Nissan L engine|L-series]] of Nissan engines, which powered most of their vehicles until the early 1980s) with a displacement of 2.4&nbsp; L in the first incarnation, and increasing to 2.6&nbsp; L and 2.8&nbsp; L in the 260Z, and the 280Z and ZX, respectively. The Nissan S130 Model was capable of a top speed of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, and the S30, despite having the same engine, boasted a lesser top speed of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.

The second generation S130, introduced in 1979 was a complete redesign, retaining only the [[Nissan L engine#L28|L28 engine]] and other driveline components. A turbo option was introduced in 1981, bringing performance surpassing that of the original 240Z.

The third generation, the [[Nissan 300ZX|300ZX]], switched to a 3.0&nbsp;L [[V6 engine|V6]]. There were two generations of the 300ZX: the Z31 from 1984 to 1989, and the Z32 from 1990 to 1996. Both the Z31 and Z32 came in either non-turbo or turbo trims. During the '90s, the car's price continued to elevate and sales continued to fall. Even a major design change in 1998 couldn't save it, and production finally ended in 1999. This generation had a top speed of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.

While the model names were based on the engine capacity for the US markets, with the 240Z having a 2.4-liter [[Nissan L engine|L24]] engine and the 260Z having a 2.6-liter [[Nissan L engine|L26]] engine and so on to the 300ZX 3.0-litre V6, due to Japanese taxation laws relating to engine capacity, some second and third generation (S130 and Z31) Fairlady Z cars were produced for the Japanese domestic market fitted with 2.0L engines. The S130 was available with an [[Nissan L engine|L20ET]] inline 6, while the Z31 had either a [[Nissan RB engine|RB20DET]] inline 6 or a [[Nissan VG engine|VG30DET]] V6.

In the 2003 model year, Nissan reentered the US sports-car market with the [[Nissan 350Z|350Z]], powered by the 3.5&nbsp;L [[Nissan VQ engine|VQ35DE]] V6 producing {{convert|291|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}, and styled in an attempt to create a more modern interpretation of the 240Z's lines. It had a new six-speed manual gearbox, and is capable of over {{convert|155|mph|abbr=on}}. The [[350Z]]'s engine was updated twice; in 2005 to the VQ35DE RevUp, producing {{convert|304|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}, and in 2007 to the VQ35HR, producing {{convert|315|PS|kW hp||abbr=on}}.

The 370Z features a 3.7L [[Nissan VQ engine#VQ37VHR|VQ37VHR]] V6 producing {{convert|333-355|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}}. This engine shares much of its architecture with the VQ35HR, the primary differences being the introduction of Nissan's VVEL (Variable Valve Event and Lift) and an increase in overall displacement. Due to the similarities between the two engines, many OEM and aftermarket parts are interchangeable. The new 370Z, like the previous two generations, is electronically limited to {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.

The seventh generation Z is powered by a twin-turbocharged 3.0L [[Nissan VR engine#VR30DDTT|VR30DDTT]] V6 producing {{convert|406|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|0}} and 350 lb-ft of torque mated to a six speed manual transmission complete with an Exedy clutch or a nine-speed automatic Jatco transmission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Golden|first=Conner|date=2021-08-18|title=2023 Nissan Z First Look: No Numbers, Just Twin Turbos|url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/2023-nissan-z-first-look-review/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=MotorTrend|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Racing==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:BRETeamsm.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The Brock Racing Enterprises (BRE) [[240Z]] driven by [[John Morton]] -->
[[File:Datsun280ZXrace.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Don Devendorf and [[Tony Adamowicz]] drove a [[Nissan 280ZX|280ZX Turbo]] to the 1983 IMSA GTO Championship.]]The 280ZX proved successful in various classes of racing, particularly in the US. Significant results include:
[[File:Cunningham 300ZX.jpg|thumb|200px|The Clayton Cunningham Racing [[300ZX]] which won the 1994 [[24 Hours of Daytona]].]]
[[File:Xanavi Nissan 350Z.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Xanavi Nissan 350Z GT at the 2006 British International Motor Show]]
[[File:Xanavi Nissan 350Z rear.jpg|thumb|right|Xanavi 350Z, rear]]

The first generation Zs ([[Nissan S30|240Z/260Z/280Z]]) proved to be very successful in many forms of racing. The S30s won many SCCA/IMSA championships and even became quite successful in rally and baja races.

* 1979 SCCA C Production Category (Bob Sharp Racing 280ZX)
* 1979 and 1980 [[IMSA GT Championship|IMSA GTU Championship]] (Electramotive Datsun 280ZX)
* 1982 and 1983 [[IMSA GT Championship|IMSA GTO Championship]] (Electramotive Datsun 280ZX Turbo)

The 1983 Electramotive [[280ZX|280ZX Turbo]] produced over {{convert|700|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, and reached a terminal speed of {{convert|140|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} in the standing quarter mile.

The most notable driver to be associated with the car was actor [[Paul Newman]], who raced with the Bob Sharp Racing team. He also helped to promote the car, even by starring in a series of commercials.

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:IMSARacing300ZX.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The Paul Newman/Bob Sharp Racing IMSA 300ZX.]] -->
In 1984 to 1985 showroom stock racing, the [[300ZX]] captured wins on numerous occasions. The car scored its only Trans Am win in 1986 at [[Lime Rock Park|Lime Rock]] by [[Paul Newman]] for Bob Sharp Racing.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuTcBAAAQBAJ&q=The+car+scored+its+only+Trans+Am+win+in+1986+at+Lime+Rock+by+Paul+Newman+for+Bob+Sharp+Racing.&pg=PA119|title=Winning: The Racing Life of Paul Newman|last=Matt Stone, Preston Lerner|publisher=Motorbooks, 2014|isbn=9780760346297|date=2014-03-15}}</ref>

From 1985 to 1987, the Electramotive-developed [[Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo|GTP ZX-Turbo]] was raced in the [[IMSA GT Championship]]'s GTP class and also the [[All Japan Sports Prototype Championship]], badged as a Fairlady Z, using a Lola T810 chassis and a [[Nissan VG engine|VG30ET]] engine. Following development through 1987, the car would become dominant in IMSA GT in 1988. Additional factory endorsement, combined with a new chassis, transmission and more reliable Goodyear tires contributed to the team's success. The SOHC [[Nissan VG engine|VG30ET]] was making upwards of {{convert|1000|hp|kW|-2|abbr=on}}, with a [[power band]] that extended from 4000 to 9000 rpm on a single turbo.<ref name="Electromotive VG30ET power band">{{cite web
 | last       = RedZ31 Dyno Charts
 | title      = Electromotive VG30ET Power Band
 | url        = http://redz31.net/turbofaq/dynographs/gtpzxturbodyno.jpg
 | access-date = 2007-06-20
}}</ref> From 1990 to 1995, [[Steve Millen]] drove the twin-turbo 300ZX for Clayton Cunningham Racing. The car dominated the IMSA in its GTO, then later GTS categories due to its newly designed chassis and engine. Millen would rank as the #1 Factory Driver for Nissan for 7 years and earn two IMSA GTS Driving Championships and two IMSA GTS Manufacturer's Championships. Among enthusiasts and the team themselves, the biggest triumph for the race Z32 was the victory in the [[24 Hours of Daytona]]. In the same year at the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]], the 300ZX ranked first in the GTS-1 class and 5th overall. In an attempt to level the playing field in the GTS-1 class by reducing the allowable horsepower, the IMSA declared the twin turbo [[Nissan VG engine|VG engine]] ineligible.<ref name="Konik, Michael: On the Edge">{{cite web
 | last       = Konik
 | first      = Michael
 | title      = On the Edge
 | publisher  = Cigar Aficionado Online
 | year       = 1995
 | url        = http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Archives/CA_Show_Article_Print/0,2812,674,00.html
 | access-date = 2007-03-05
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013172501/http://cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Archives/CA_Show_Article_Print/0,2812,674,00.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-10-13}}</ref> The 1995 GTS 300ZX car would debut with the [[V8 engine|V8]] [[Nissan VH engine]] at Daytona<ref>{{cite web
 |last=STILLEN
 |title=Racing Heritage 2
 |url=http://www.stillen.com/page.asp?heritage2
 |access-date=2007-03-05
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210093507/http://www.stillen.com/page.asp?heritage2
 |archive-date=February 10, 2007
}}</ref> and would place first in the GTS-1 class at the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] and Mosehead Grand Prix in Halifax.<ref>{{cite web
 |last=WSPR Racing
 |title=IMSA 1995
 |url=http://www.wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/imsa/imsa1995.html
 |access-date=2007-03-05
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230185444/http://www.wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/imsa/imsa1995.html
 |archive-date=December 30, 2006
}}</ref>

The JUN-BLITZ Bonneville Z32 holds the E/BMS class land speed record of {{convert|419.84|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} set at the 1995 Bonneville Speed Trial. The vehicle was built as a partnership between [[JUN Auto]] and BLITZ. This record remains unbroken. In 1990, JUN's first Z32 went 339.2&nbsp;km/h at their Yatabe test course and hit 373&nbsp;km/h after some tuning at Bonneville.<ref name="Tanaka">{{cite web
 | last = Tanaka Industrial Co., Ltd.
 | title      = JUN Demonstration Cars
 | date       = 1997–2005
 | url        = http://www.junauto.co.jp/democar/index.html?en
 | access-date = 2007-02-08
}}</ref>

The 350Z replaced the [[Nissan Skyline GT-R|Skyline GT-R]] and [[Nissan Silvia|Silvia]] as the car for Nissan's factory and customer teams in the [[Super GT|JGTC/Super GT]]'s GT500 class and GT300 class respectively. The GT500 cars used were heavily modified and featured a longer nose and tail (requiring the production of the Type-E [[Homologation (motorsport)|homologation]] special), carbon fiber bodywork, and a tube chassis. In 2004, [[Nismo]] won the GT500 championship. Until the 2007 season, the car was powered by a [[Nissan VQ engine#VQ30DETT|VQ30DETT]] V6. In order to increase competitiveness, however, a new 4.5L [[V8 engine|V8]] powerplant has been developed. The 350Z, with slightly more pedestrian modifications also competes in the GT300 class (having started there even before the Skyline GT-Rs were replaced) by teams such as Endless Sports and Mola. In 2003 Hasemi Sports won the GT300 championship with the 350Z. In 2008 season, the 350Zs were all replaced by [[Nissan GT-R]]s in the GT500 class, but they have continued to be used in the GT300 class as the GT-Rs exceed the horsepower limits which make it impossible to participate. Thus, two 350Zs competed in the series and MOLA won both Drivers' and Teams' championships in the GT300 class. Two years later, Hasemi Sports won the 2010 GT300 title again before its team's withdrawal of the series in the following season,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasemi-ms.com/index.php|title=Hasemi Motor Sport/ハセミモータースポーツ|author=Hasemi Motor Sport/ハセミモータースポーツ|work=hasemi-ms.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035818/http://www.hasemi-ms.com/index.php|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> as another 350Z team MOLA also moved up to GT500 class earlier in the preseason time, it marked the first full absence of Nissan vehicles in GT300 class since the establishment of JGTC in 1994.

The Z33 is also popular in import drag racing; one fielded by Performance Motorsport in the NHRA Sports Compact series, with twin turbo claims to put out over 1,700&nbsp;bhp (1,268&nbsp;kW; 1,724 PS) and achieved 8.33 quarter mile time with its best speed of {{convert|176.72|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} Another Z33 built by Injected Performance holds the record as the highest horsepower, street legal Z33 and highest horsepower single turbo [[Nissan VQ engine|VQ35DE]] with a quarter mile time of 8.80 with a speed of {{convert|163|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. This car was also featured on the March 2008 cover of Turbo Magazine. Lazcano Racing's [[370Z]] is powered by a Nissan [[Nissan VG engine#VG30DETT|VG30DETT engine]] and has recorded a 1/4 mile time of 6.0 at over 226 MPH.

==ZCON==
ZCON is an annual Z-Car convention that is held around the United States of America each year (since 1988). It is considered the largest annual gathering of Z car clubs and enthusiasts in America, sponsored by Nissan. The convention is put together each year by a host club and supported by the ZCCA (Z Car Club Association).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Fairlady Z}}
* [http://www.fairlady.org/ Datsun Sports Roadster and Fairlady (フェアレディ) Racing History]
* [http://www.s30.org/ Classic Z Register]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003504/http://www.datsunhistory.com/home.html Datsun History]
* [http://www.zcca.org/ Z Car Club Association]
* [http://www.classiczcars.com/ The Classic Zcar Club]

{{Nissan Z-cars}}
{{Nissan Sportscar Racers}}
{{Nissan}}

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