Editing Nightmute, Alaska

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Nightmute
| native_name              = Negtemiut / Negta
     
| native_name_lang        = esu
| settlement_type          = [[City (Alaska)|City]]
| image_skyline            = 
| image_caption            = 
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = 
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = 
| pushpin_map              = USA Alaska
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Alaska
<!-- Coordinates -->
| coordinates              = {{coord|60|29|29|N|164|49|34|W|region:US-AK|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes    = 
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Alaska]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska|Census Area]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Bethel Census Area, Alaska|Bethel]]
| established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date         = April 30, 1974<ref>{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=[[Juneau]]|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/[[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development|Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs]]|date=January 1996|page=104}}</ref>
| government_type          = 
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes     = 
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Clement George
| leader_title1            = [[Alaska Senate|State senator]]
| leader_name1             = [[Lyman Hoffman]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title2            = [[Alaska House of Representatives|State rep.]]
| leader_name2             = [[Conrad McCormick]] (D)
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 270.38
| area_total_sq_mi         = 104.39
| area_land_km2            = 256.30
| area_land_sq_mi          = 98.96
| area_water_km2           = 14.08
| area_water_sq_mi         = 5.43
<!-- Elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 23
| elevation_ft             = 75
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 306
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| population_est           = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| population_density_km2   = 1.19
| population_density_sq_mi = 3.09
<!-- General information -->
| timezone                 = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska (AKST)]]
| utc_offset               = -9
| timezone_DST             = AKDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -8
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 99690
| area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| area_code                = [[Area code 907|907]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_info               = {{FIPS|02|53930}}
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = {{GNIS4|1407008}}, {{GNIS4|2419433}}
| website                  = 
}}

'''Nightmute''' ({{langx|esu|Negtemiut}} or {{lang|esu|Negta}}<ref name=Negta>{{cite web |last=Miyaoka |first=Osahito |title=Number |url= https://uafanlc.alaska.edu/Offline/CY961M2010/2011-02-07/Ch%2021%20NUMBER.doc | format= .DOC |website=A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik |date=2010 |quote=''[[Toksook Bay|Tuqsuk]]'' is a new name given after the river going from the Bay to Negta ({{lang|esu|Nightmiut}}) when a part of people moved from the latter village to the new site (David Chanar, p.c.).}}</ref>) is a [[City (Alaska)|city]]<ref name="2010 Census">
 {{cite web
 | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0253930
 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20200212111731/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0253930
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = February 12, 2020
| title = Nightmute city, Alaska
 | work = Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data
 | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]
 | access-date = January 23, 2013
}}
</ref><ref>
 {{cite web
 |url         = http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/osa/pub/11Taxable.pdf
 |title       = Alaska Taxable 2011: Municipal Taxation - Rates and Policies
 |publisher   = Division of Community and Regional Affairs, [[Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development]]
 |date        = January 2012
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130425132818/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/osa/pub/11Taxable.pdf
 |archive-date = April 25, 2013
}}
</ref> and village in [[Bethel Census Area, Alaska]], United States. The population was 208 at the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> and 280 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="2010 Census"/>

== History ==

{{lang|esu|Negtemiut}} literally means ‘the people of the pressed-down place’.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fienup-Riordan|first=Ann|title=The Nelson Island Eskimo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXPjAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Alaska Pacific University Press|isbn=978-0-935094-09-1|page=39|quote= Nightmute ({{lang|esu|Negtemiut}}, lit. people of the pressed down place)}}</ref> The first element is {{lang|esu|negte-}} ‘to press down on’. The suffix is {{lang|esu|-miut}} ‘people’.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bright|first=William|title=Native American Placenames of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA326|year=2004|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3598-4|page=326|quote= From Yupik (Eskimo) {{lang|esu|negtemiut}}, perhaps containing {{lang|esu|negte-}} 'to press down on'; the suffix {{lang|esu|-miut}} means 'people' (Jacobson 1984).}}</ref>

It first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as the unincorporated native village of "Nigtmuit". In 1950 and 1960, it was spelled "Nigtmute". In 1970, the spelling used was "Nightmute". It formally incorporated in 1974.

In 1964, many of its residents relocated by dogsled and founded the bayside community of [[Toksook Bay]] about {{convert|15|mi|km}} downriver.<ref name=Negta/><ref>{{cite book|title=Theata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVPzAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=University of Alaska|page=45|quote=Sixty dogs in a team, doesn't that sound like enough of a team? Well, that's the way many people moved their houses from the village in Nightmute to Toksook Bay, which is about 18 miles. In the spring of 1964, around March, the majority of the people of Nightmute decided to move to Toksook and voted [...]}}</ref> The relocation was to avoid the yearly spring-winter migration to and from [[Umkumiut]] and Nightmute.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ann Fienup-Riordan |display-authors=etal |title=Yup'ik Words of Wisdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=905__N5hw9YC&pg=PR13|year=2005|publisher=U. of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-6917-X|page=13|quote= In 1964, Paul led a number of families to found the village of Toksook Bay to avoid the arduous annual move between the winter village of Nightmute and spring camp at [[Umkumiut]].}}</ref>

==Geography==
Nightmute is located on [[Nelson Island (Alaska)|Nelson Island]] near [[Toksook Bay, Alaska|Toksook Bay]]. The two villages connect by snowmachine trail in winter.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|101.5|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|97.0|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|4.6|sqmi|km2}} (4.50%) is water. Nightmute lies 15 to 17 miles east of the neighboring village of Toksook Bay.

==Demographics==
{{update section|date=May 2023|reason=Newer information is available in the 2010 and 2020 census reports}}
{{US Census population
|1940= 78
|1950= 27
|1960= 237
|1970= 127
|1980= 119
|1990= 153
|2000= 208
|2010= 280
|2010n=<ref name="2010 Census"/>
|2020= 306
|2020n={{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification |date=May 2023|reason=No mention of Nightmute at the given link}}
}}

As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 208 people, 47 households, and 38 families residing in the city.  The population density was {{convert|2.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 54 housing units at an average density of {{convert|0.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the city was 91.83% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 5.29% [[Race (United States Census)|White]] and 2.88% from two or more races.  0.96% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 47 households, out of which 61.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.1% were non-families. 10.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 4.43 and the average family size was 5.03.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 41.3% under the age of 18, 13.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 12.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.8% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,938, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $23,125 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $9,396.  About 7.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

==Education==
The school is Negtemiut Elitnaurviat School, a.k.a. Nightmute School, operated by the [[Lower Kuskokwim School District]].<ref>"[https://education.alaska.gov/DOE_Rolodex/SchoolCalendar/Home/SchoolDetails/310040 Negtemiut Elitnaurviat School]". [[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development]]. Retrieved on July 10, 2018.</ref>

==Health==
Sale, importation and possession of alcohol are banned in the village.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/9/pub/ABC/DryDampCommunities/Local%20Option%20Communities%20-%20Rev%202.25.22.pdf |title=Schedule of Local Option Communities |publisher=Alcoholic Beverage Control Board |accessdate=May 3, 2023}}</ref>

==Popular culture==
Nightmute is the setting of the 2002 [[Christopher Nolan]] film [[Insomnia (2002 film)|''Insomnia'']], starring [[Hilary Swank]], [[Al Pacino]], and [[Robin Williams]]. The film was not shot in the real Nightmute, but [[Squamish, British Columbia]].

==See also==
* [[Nightmute Airport]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121230030317/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name=Nightmute Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs: Nightmute]

{{Bethel Census Area, Alaska}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Bering Sea]]
[[Category:Cities in Alaska]]
[[Category:Cities in Bethel Census Area, Alaska]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Pacific Ocean]]