Editing Nigerian Armed Forces

{{Short description|Military forces of Nigeria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox national military
| country = Nigeria
| name = Nigerian Armed Forces
| native_name = 
| image = Flag of the Nigerian Armed Forces.svg
| caption = Flag of the Nigerian Armed Forces
| image2 = [[File:Emblem of the Nigerian Army.svg|90px]] [[File:Badge of the Nigerian Navy.svg|68px]] [[File:Nigerian Air Force emblem.svg|90px]]
| image_size2 = 120px
| caption2 = Emblem of the Nigerian Armed Forces by service branches
| founded = 1960
| current_form = 1960
| disbanded = 
| branches = {{army|Nigeria}}<br />{{Navy|Nigeria}}<br />{{Air force|Nigeria}}
| headquarters = [[Nigerian Defence Headquarters]], [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory]], [[Abuja]]
<!-- Leadership -->| commander-in-chief = [[President of Nigeria|President]] [[Bola Tinubu]]
| commander-in-chief_title = [[President of Nigeria|Commander-in-Chief]]
| chief minister = [[Mohammed Badaru Abubakar]]
| chief minister_title = [[Defence Minister of Nigeria|Defence Minister]]
| minister = [[Bello Matawalle]]
| minister_title = [[Defence Minister of Nigeria|Minister of State for Defence]]
| commander = [[General (Nigeria)|General]] [[Christopher Musa]] [[Nigerian Army|NA]]
| commander_title = [[Chief of Defence Staff (Nigeria)|Chief of Defence Staff]]
<!-- Manpower -->| age = 18 - 65
| conscription = 
| manpower_data = 4,261,448
| manpower_age = 18
| available = 
| available_f = 
| fit = 
| fit_f = 
| reaching = 
| reaching_f = 
| active = 230,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1|title=Armed forces personnel, total – Data|access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref>
| reserve = 0<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=nigeria|title=Nigeria Military Strength|access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/disenchanted-soldiers|title=Disenchanted soldiers|date=14 July 2020 |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>
| deployed = <!-- Financial -->
| amount = $3.160 billion ([[Nigerian naira|₦]]4.770 trillion)<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.budgetoffice.gov.ng/index.php/resources/internal-resources/budget-documents?task=document.viewdoc&id=940|title=Nigeria 2021 Signed Budget - Pages 22 - 51|access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
| percent_GDP = 5% (2022)<ref name="auto"/>
<!-- Industrial -->| domestic_suppliers = 
| foreign_suppliers = {{GBR}}<br>{{USA}}<br>{{TUR}}
| imports = 
| exports = <!-- Related aricles -->
| history = '''[[Military history of Nigeria]]'''
{{hidden 
|''List of engagements''
|* [[Congo Crisis]]
* [[Nigerian Civil War]]
* [[Bakassi conflict|Nigeria-Cameroon border conflict]]
* [[Chadian–Nigerian War]]
* [[First Liberian Civil War]]
* [[Communal conflicts in Nigeria]]
* [[Second Liberian Civil War]]
* [[Sierra Leone Civil War]]
* [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]]
* [[Northern Mali conflict]]
* [[Boko Haram insurgency]]
* [[Nigerian bandit conflict]]
* [[2016 Niger Delta conflict]]
* [[Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria]]
| headerstyle=background:#b0c4de
| style=text-align:center;
}}
| ranks = [[Military ranks of Nigeria]]
}}
The '''Nigerian Armed Forces''' (NAF) are the [[Military|military forces]] of [[Nigeria]]. The forces consist of three service branches: the [[Nigerian Army]], [[Nigerian Navy]], and [[Nigerian Air Force]]. The [[President of Nigeria]] functions as the [[commander-in-chief]] of the armed forces, exercising his [[Constitution of Nigeria|constitutional authority]] through the Ministry of Defence, which is responsible for the management of the military and its personnel. The operational head of the AFN is the [[Chief of Defence Staff (Nigeria)|Chief of Defence Staff]], who is subordinate to the [[Defence Minister of Nigeria|Nigerian Defence Minister]]. With a force of more than 230,000 active personnel, the Nigerian military is one of the largest uniformed combat services in Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Armed forces personnel, total – Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.TOTL.P1?locations=NG&name_desc=false |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> According to Global Firepower, the Nigerian Armed Forces are the most powerful military in sub-saharan Africa, third-most powerful military in [[Africa]], and ranked 31st on its list, internationally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=nigeria | title=2025 Nigeria Military Strength }}</ref> 

The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the combat units of the [[Royal West African Frontier Force]] stationed in the country, which had previously served as the British Empire's multi-battalion [[field force]], during Nigeria's [[Colonial Nigeria|protectorate period]]. Since its creation, the Nigerian military has fought in a [[civil war]] – the [[Nigerian Civil War|conflict with Biafra]] in 1967–70 – and sent peacekeeping forces abroad, both with the United Nations and as the backbone of the [[Economic Community of West African States]] Cease-fire [[Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group|Monitoring Group]] (ECOMOG) in [[Liberia]] and [[Sierra Leone]]. It has also seized power twice at home ([[Nigerian military juntas of 1966-1979 and 1983-1998|1966 & 1983]]).<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 1975 |title=Gowon Ousted in Nigeria; Coup ends Nine-Year Rule |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/30/archives/gowon-ousted-in-nigeria-coup-ends-nineyear-rule-gowon-deposed-as.html |access-date=3 June 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Nigeria's armed forces would continue to remain an active element in combat operations throughout the African continent over the proceeding decades, with 
notable engagements including its 2017 involvement as part of the [[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]] [[ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia|military intervention]] in [[the Gambia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/nigeria-says-sending-troops-jets-senegal-gambia-force-180905997.html |title=Nigeria sends troops, jets to Senegal for Gambia force |publisher=Yahoo.com |date=18 January 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010320/https://www.yahoo.com/news/nigeria-says-sending-troops-jets-senegal-gambia-force-180905997.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Legal standing==
The roles of a country's armed forces are entrenched in her constitution. The defence of the territorial integrity and other core interests of the nation, form the major substance of such roles. Section 217-220 of the 1999 [[Constitution of Nigeria]] thus addresses the Nigerian Armed Forces:
*(1) There shall be an armed forces for the federation, which shall consist of an [[Nigerian Army|army]], a [[Nigerian Navy|navy]], an [[Nigerian Air Force|air force]], and such other branches of the armed forces of the federation, as may be established by an Act of the [[National Assembly (Nigeria)|National Assembly]].
*(2) The federation shall, subject to an Act of the National Assembly made in that behalf, equip and maintain the armed forces as may be considered adequate and effective for the purpose of –
*(a) defending Nigeria from external aggression.
*(b) maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its borders from violation on land, sea, or air;
*(c) suppress insurrection and act in aid of civil authorities to restore order, when called upon to do so by the President, but subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly; and
*(d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by an act of the [[National Assembly (Nigeria)|National Assembly.]]
*(3) The composition of the officer corps and other ranks of the armed forces of the Federation shall reflect the [[Federalism|federal]] character of Nigeria.

==History==

The origin of the Nigerian Armed Forces lies in the elements of the [[Royal West African Frontier Force]], that became Nigerian when independence was granted in 1960. In 1956, the [[Nigeria Regiment]] of the [[Royal West African Frontier Force]] (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British [[War Office]] control of the Nigerian Military Forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query2/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ng0140)|title=Library of Congress Country Studies, Nigeria|website=loc.gov|access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shaibu |first=Margaret Alabi |title=Democratic institutions and Nigerian military regimes 1966-1999 |date=2018 |publisher=Nigerian Defence Academy |isbn=978-978-967-329-2 |location=Kaduna |publication-date=2018 |pages=47 |language=English}}</ref>

Shortly after its formation, the NAF was engaged in combat operations against the secessionist state of [[Biafra]], during the [[Nigerian Civil War]] from 1967 to 1970. At this point, the Nigerian military ballooned in strength from 85,000 personnel in 1967 to more than 250,000 troops by the war's end.<ref name="REF00">Karl DeRouen & U. K. Heo (2007). ''Civil wars of the world: Major conflicts since World War II''. Tomo I. Santa Bárbara: ABC CLIO, p. 569. {{ISBN|978-1-85109-919-1}}.</ref> In the years following the civil war, the Nigerian Armed Forces were halved in size from its post-war height to approximately 125,000 men. Despite this contraction in the size and funding of its armed forces, Nigeria would boast the only military in [[West Africa]] capable of engaging in foreign military operations, such as during its intervention in [[First Liberian Civil War|Liberian civil war]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report: Corruption in Nigeria - Military Capabilities |url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9467.html |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Waging War to Keep the Peace: The ECOMOG Intervention and Human Rights (Human Rights Watch Report, June 1993) |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/liberia/#1 |access-date=6 February 2017 |website=Hrw.org}}</ref>

The great expansion of the military during the civil war further entrenched the existing military hold on Nigerian society, carried over from the first military regime. In doing so, it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society, and the linked decline in military effectiveness. [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], who by 1999, had become president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: "... Professionalism has been lost... my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military."<ref>Obasanjo, quoted in Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Rienner, Boulder/London, 2001, p.54. Obasanjo has also been accused of misuse of his personal position for profit.</ref>

Today, the NAF faces a number of domestic challenges which continue to undermine stability within Nigeria and the region as a whole. Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the [[jihadist]] [[List of rebel groups that control territory|rebel group]], [[Boko Haram]] in [[Boko Haram insurgency|northeastern Nigeria]], which has been in effect since July 2009. Likewise, Nigeria has been engaged in a long-running [[Conflict in the Niger Delta|anti-piracy campaign]] in the [[Niger Delta]], which has threatened the vital [[Petroleum industry in Nigeria|petroleum industry]] in the country, which is the source of 90% of Nigeria's exports and 35% of the government's revenue.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news |date=8 March 2011 |title=UPDATE 2-Nigeria will boost oil output if OPEC asks |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-opec-output-idUSLDE7270W120110308 |access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=August 2004 |title=Taxation and State Participation in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Sector |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/18078 |journal=[[World Bank]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Compounding this state of affairs is the role corruption plays in the ongoing attempts to strengthen the armed forces. Corruption has historically weakened the Nigerian military's capacity to face internal security threats and is cited as being responsible for the continued longevity of rebels and terrorists operating throughout the nation.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 May 2017 |title=Military graft undermines Nigeria's fight against Boko Haram: Transparency International |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security/military-graft-undermines-nigerias-fight-against-boko-haram-transparency-international-idUSKCN18D2XS |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Report: Corruption in Nigerian Military Benefits Boko Haram |date=19 May 2017 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/corruption-nigeria-military-boko-haram-report/3862196.html |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>

In spite of these challenges to its operational readiness, the Nigerian Armed Forces have committed to a number of wide-ranging modernization programs to bolster the discipline and firepower of its troops. This includes the acquisition of new armored vehicles, combat aircraft and aerial reconnaissance drones, and the refurbishing of naval vessels, which had suffered from prolonged periods of poor or minimal maintenance. These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and government bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of West Africa as a whole.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Army fields Isotrex armoured vehicles |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/nigerian-army-fields-isotrex-armoured-vehicles |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Air Force inducts three JF-17 Thunder multirole aircraft |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/nigerian-air-force-inducts-three-jf-17-thunder-multirole-aircraft/ |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria buys two M-346 squadrons |url=https://aircosmosinternational.com/article/nigeria-buys-two-m-346-squadrons-3162 |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Promoting International Energy Security: Volume 4, The Gulf of Guinea |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt3fh07g.13 |doi=10.7249/j.ctt3fh07g.13 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |jstor=10.7249/j.ctt3fh07g.13}}</ref>

== Structure ==
=== Command structure ===
The President of Nigeria functions as the [[commander-in-chief]] of the armed forces, exercising his constitutional authority through the Ministry of Defence, which is responsible for the management of the military and its personnel. The operational head of the AFN is the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Nigeria)|Chief of the Defence Staff]], who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. The current chief is General [[Christopher Gwabin Musa]].

The National Defence Council has been in existence since 1979 and advises the President on matters relating to the armed forces. The NDC is chaired by the president, and its members include the [[Vice President of Nigeria]], the National Security Adviser, the Minister of Defence, the Minister of State for Defence, the Chief of Defence Staff, the Chief of Army Staff, the Chief of Naval Staff and the Chief of Air Staff, as well as others the president is empowered to appoint. 

=== Service branches ===
==== Army ====
{{Main|Nigerian Army}}
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces and the largest among the armed forces. Its major formations include the [[1st Division (Nigeria)|1st Division]], [[2nd Division (Nigeria)|2nd Division]], [[3rd Armoured Division (Nigeria)|3rd Armoured Division]], [[81st Division (Nigeria)|81st Division]], [[82nd Division (Nigeria)|82nd Division]] and the newly formed 8th, 7th and 6th Divisions. The Nigerian army is headed currently by Lieutenant General [[Taoreed Abiodun Lagbaja]], who was appointed by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Buhari appoint Major General Farouk Yahaya as new Chief of Army Staff|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57271639|access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> The Nigerian Army has been playing a major role in defence of Nigerian [[Democracy]] since the first republic till date.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ozoemenam|first=Mbachu|title=Nigerian Military in Nation - Building|year=2012}}</ref>

==== Navy ====
{{Main|Nigerian Navy}}
The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the sea branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The Nigerian Navy command structure today consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in [[Lagos State|Lagos]], [[Calabar]] and [[Bayelsa State|Bayelsa]]. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. There are five operational bases; five forward operational bases (with two more soon to come on stream), two dockyards located in Lagos and [[Port Harcourt]] and two fleets based in Lagos and Calabar. The Nigerian Navy is currently headed by Vice Admiral [[Emmanuel Ikechukwu Ogalla]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2020|title=Nigerian Navy release new appointments of senior officers|url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigerian-navy-release-new-appointments-of-senior-officers/|access-date=3 June 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Air Force ====
{{Main|Nigerian Air Force}}
[[File:Roundel of Nigeria.svg|thumb|right|150px|Roundel of the Nigerian Air Force]]
The Nigerian Air Force was formally established in January 1964, with technical assistance from [[West Germany]]. The Air Force started as a transport unit, with the aircrew being trained in [[Canada]], [[Ethiopia]] and [[Pakistan]]. The Air Force did not get combat capability until a number of [[MiG-17]] aircraft were presented by the [[Soviet Union]] in 1966.

In 2007, the Air Force had a strength of 10,000.<ref>[[IISS]] Military Balance 2007</ref> It flies transport, trainer, helicopter, and fighter aircraft. By 2021, the number of Air Force personnel had increased to 18,000.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8M7zgEACAAJ|title=The Military Balance 2021|date=25 February 2021|publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated|pages=483|isbn=9781032012278|language=en}}</ref>

The Air Force sponsors the [[Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria]] and the [[Air Force Institute of Technology]]. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in its military procurement from various countries. The Nigerian Air force is currently headed by Air Marshal [[Hassan Bala Abubakar]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2020|title=Nigerian Air Force trains 200 personnel abroad|url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigerian-air-force-trains-200-personnel-abroad/|access-date=3 June 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Training establishments ===
Training establishments in Nigeria include the prestigious officer entry: [[Nigerian Defence Academy]] at [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]], the [[Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji]], and the National War College at [[Abuja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Defence College - Background and History |url=http://www.ndc.gov.ng/college/History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215203327/https://www.ndc.gov.ng/college/History.htm |archive-date=15 February 2011 |access-date=30 October 2009}}</ref> The U.S. commercial military contractor, [[Military Professional Resources Inc.]] has been involved around 1999–2000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rabiu |first=Ruby |date=11 December 2003 |title=Defence Ministry promotes democratic value in Army |url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/dec/11/0097.html |website=news.biafranigeriaworld.com}}, accessed October 2009 and Peter Singer, 'Corporate Warriors,' [[Cornell University Press]], Ithaca and London, 2003, p.131-2. {{ISBN|0-8014-4114-5}}</ref>

== Nigerian military operations abroad ==
In December 1983, the new Major General [[Muhammadu Buhari]] regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an activist anti-colonial role in Africa. [[English-speaking world|Anglophone]] [[ECOWAS]] members established [[Ecomog|ECOMOG]], dominated by the Nigerian Army in 1990, to intervene in the [[First Liberian Civil War|civil war in Liberia]]. The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in support of [[Peacekeeping Operations|peacekeeping operations]] in [[Liberia]]. Smaller army forces have been previously sent on [[United Nations|UN]] and ECOWAS deployments in the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|former Yugoslavia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], and [[Sierra Leone]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=31 August 1996 |title=Former Yugoslavia: UNPROFOR |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unprof_b.htm |website=Department of Public Information, United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Official Document |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/1999/294 |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=www.un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 5 previous West African military interventions |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/5-previous-west-african-military-interventions-111050770.html |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128212144/https://www.yahoo.com/news/5-previous-west-african-military-interventions-111050770.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This doctrine of [[African military systems after 1900|African military]] intervention by Nigeria is sometimes called [[Pax Nigeriana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adebajo, Adekeye. |title=Liberia's Civil War: Nigeria, ECOMOG, and Regional Security in West Africa. |date=2007 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |isbn=978-1-62637-112-5 |oclc=1027486570}}</ref>

That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals [[Ibrahim Babangida]] in 1990 and [[Sani Abacha]] in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. President [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] in August 2003, committed the Nigerian troops once again to Liberia, at the appeal of the [[United States]], to provide an interim presence until the [[United Nations Mission in Liberia]] (UNMIL) arrived.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2015 |title=Military |url=https://unmil.unmissions.org/military-0 |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=UNMIL |language=en}}</ref> [[Charles G. Taylor|Charles Taylor]] was subsequently eased out of power and exiled to Nigeria.

In October 2004, the Nigerian troops were deployed to [[Darfur]], Sudan, to spearhead an [[African Union]] force, to stop the genocide in Darfur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ebegbulem |first=Joseph C |date=1 July 2011 |title=Nigeria and conflict resolution in Africa: The Darfur experience |journal=Civilizar |volume=11 |issue=21 |pages=69 |doi=10.22518/16578953.34 |issn=1657-8953 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. The [[Nigeria Police Force|Nigerian Police Force]] and troops have participated in:

* [[UNIPOM]] – [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], 1965<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNITED NATIONS INDIA-PAKISTAN OBSERVATION MISSION (UNIPOM) – Facts and Figures |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unipomfacts.html |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref>
* [[UNIFIL]] – [[Lebanon]], 1978<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2016 |title=UNIFIL Troop-Contributing Countries |url=https://unifil.unmissions.org/unifil-troop-contributing-countries |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=UNIFIL |language=en}}</ref> 
* [[UNIIMOG]] – [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]], 1988<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNITED NATIONS IRAN-IRAQ MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP (UNIIMOG) – Background (Full text) |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/uniimogbackgr.html |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref> 
* [[United Nations Protection Force|UNPROFOR]] – Former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], 1998<ref name=":0" /> 
* [[United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor|UNMISET]] – [[East Timor]], 1999<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNMISET: United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor – Facts and Figures |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unmiset/facts.html |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref> 
* [[MONUC]] – [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], 2004<ref>{{Cite web |title=MONUC Facts and Figures – United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/monuc/facts.shtml |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=peacekeeping.un.org}}</ref>

Nigerian officers have served as [[Chief of defence|Chiefs of Defence]] in other countries, with Brigadier General [[Maxwell Khobe]], serving as Sierra Leone [[Chief of staff|Chief of Staff]] in 1998–1999,<ref>{{cite web |title=BARRACKS |url=http://www.dawodu.com/barrack7.htm |access-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the [[Armed Forces of Liberia]] from at least, 2007.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090225210058/http://www.dhmlnigeria.com/LIST%20OF%20MILITARY%20HEALTH%20CARE%20FACILITIES%20UNDER%20DHML.pdf List of Military Health Care Facilities Under DHML] – for unit locations
*[http://www.dawodu.com/omoigui49.htm Military Ranks of the Nigerian Army] Military Ranks of the Nigerian Army

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Military of Nigeria}}
*Idang, Gordon J. "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." African Studies Review 13, no. 2 (1970): 227–251.
*[[Robin Luckham]], The Nigerian military; a sociological analysis of authority & revolt 1960–67, Cambridge [Eng.] University Press, 1971.
*N.J. Miners, ‘The Nigerian Army 1956–66,’ Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971
*Jimi Peters, 'The Nigerian Military and the State,' 1997, {{ISBN|1-85043-874-9}}
*Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, [https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1474957M/History_of_the_Nigerian_Army_1863-1992 History of the Nigerian Army 1863–1992], Abuja, 1992

== External links ==
* [http://defenceinfo.mil.ng/profile-of-the-chief-of-defence-staff/ Nigerian Defence Staff]
* [https://army.mil.ng/ Nigerian Army]
* [http://www.navy.mil.ng/ Nigerian Navy]
* [https://airforce.mil.ng/ Nigerian Air Force]

{{Nigeria topics}}
{{Military of Africa}}
{{Military of Nigeria}}

[[Category:Military of Nigeria| ]]