Editing Nexø

{{redirect|Nexo|the author|Martin Andersen Nexø|the car|Hyundai Nexo}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name          = Nexø
| other_name             =
| native_name            =
| nickname               =
| settlement_type        = Town
| motto                  =
| image_skyline          = Bornholm museum DBJ Nexo.jpg
| imagesize              =
| image_caption          = Railway museum in Nexø
| image_flag             =
| flag_size              =
| image_shield           = Coat of arms of Nexø.svg
| seal_size              =
| image_map              =
| mapsize                =
| map_caption            =
| pushpin_map            = Denmark Bornholm#Denmark
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize        =
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location on [[Bornholm]]
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = [[Denmark]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions of Denmark|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Capital Region of Denmark|Capital (''Hovedstaden'')]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Municipalities of Denmark|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Bornholm]]
| subdivision_type3      = [[Parish (Denmark)|Parish]]
| subdivision_name3      = [[Nexø Parish|Nexø]]
| government_footnotes   =
| government_type        =
| leader_title           =
| leader_name            =
| established_title      =
| established_date       =
| area_magnitude         =
| unit_pref              = Imperial
| area_footnotes         =
| area_urban_km2         = 2.21
| area_land_km2          =
| population_as_of       = 2024
| population_footnotes   =
| population_note        =
| population_urban       = 3,655
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     = Nexøbo
| timezone1              = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1            = +1
| timezone1_DST          = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST        = +2
| coordinates            = {{coord|55|03|N|15|07|E|region:DK|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes    =
| elevation_m            =
| elevation_ft           =
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}}

'''Nexø''', sometimes spelled '''Neksø''' ({{langx|sv|Nexö}}), is a town on the east coast of the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] island of [[Bornholm]], [[Denmark]]. With a population of 3,655 (as of 1 January 2024),<ref>[https://m.statbank.dk/TableInfo/BY3?lang=en BY3: Population 1st January by urban areas, area and population density] The Mobile Statbank from [[Statistics Denmark]]</ref> it is the second largest town, as well as the largest fishing port on the island. Fishing was previously the mainstay of the town's economy. Nexø is also the site of a distillery (Bornholmske Spiritfabrik ApS) and a mustard factory (Bornholmersennep ApS). The town is also a port of call for the passenger ferries linking Bornholm with [[Kołobrzeg]] in [[Poland]].<ref>[http://www.zegluga.pl/ zegluga.pl] (in Polish)</ref> [[Dueodde]], the largest beach on Bornholm, is located south of Nexø, in the southeastern corner of the island.

==Etymology==
"Nexø" is possibly a combination of the [[Old Norse]] elements "nøkke", meaning [[Neck (water spirit)|Nix]] or water spirit, and "sæ" (sea). It was first documented in 1346 as ''Nexe''.<ref name=dsd>[http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Bornholm/Bornholm_-_byer/Nex%C3%B8 "Nexø"], ''Den Store Danske''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref>

==History==
Nexø originated as a fishing village for the parish of [[Bodilsker]] with a chapel attached to St Bodil's Church. In 1346, it was granted rights as a market town, dealing in both the herring trade and in agricultural products. Over the centuries the town has suffered a number of disasters. The [[Lübeck]]ers burned the town in 1510, in 1563 most of the inhabitants died from the plague  and in 1645 it was plundered by 500 [[Sweden|Swedish]] soldiers. In 1756 there was another serious fire and in 1872 a storm damaged the harbour.<ref name=dsd/><ref name=atlas/>

Around 1800, the town became Bornholm's administrative centre. In 1806, 21 ships and 47 boats were registered with Nexø as their home port. In 1879, a new harbour basin was completed and, in 1892, Denmark's first communal drydock was opened. There were a number of subsequent extensions to the harbour facilities.<ref name=atlas>[http://www.kma-bornholm.dk/ "Nexø som helhed"], Bornholm: Atlas over byer, bygninger og miljøer. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref> 
The 19th century also saw the development of ship building, the foundation of an iron foundry (1864) and of the Østbornholmske Dampskibsselskab (East Bornholm Steamship Company) which operated a regular service to Copenhagen from 1877.<ref name=dsd/>

[[File:Nexø Havn 1945.jpg|thumb|280px|left|Nexø harbour in May 1945, after the Soviet air raid]]
{{anchor|Allied air attacks}}At the end of [[World War II]], on 7 and 8 May 1945, Nexø (like [[Rønne]]) was bombed by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] aircraft when [[Gerhard von Kamptz]], the commander of the [[Nazi Germany|German]] forces occupying Bornholm, refused to surrender, causing total destruction of the town centre on the harbour and the main square. To ease the ensuing housing problem, the Swedish State donated 175 wooden houses to the town.<ref name=dsd/> The Soviets had alerted the civilian population in advance, therefore the air raid only resulted in ten fatalities.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=c-smAQAAIAAJ&q=R%C3%B8nne+killed|title = Outlook on Bornholm|date = 1948|journal = Russia Today Newsletter}}</ref> Although the rest of Denmark had been liberated on 4 May, the [[Red Army]] occupied Bornholm from 9 May 1945 to 5 April 1946, when an agreement was reached with the Danish authorities and the island finally came under Danish rule once more.

Between 1900 and 1968, a railway connected Nexø with Rønne, the island's largest town.<ref>Ann Vibeke Knudsen: DBJ – Historien om Jernbanerne på Bornholm. Bornholms Museum 2007</ref> The old station building at Rønne is still preserved, whilst Nexø is now host to a railway museum. The former [[Nexø Municipality]] (1970–2002) covered an area of {{convert|104|km2|abbr=on}} with a population of 8,558, but is now included in [[Bornholm Municipality]].<ref name=dsd/> The [[Hyundai Nexo]] is named after the city.

==Landmarks==

[[Nexø Church]], dating back to the late Middle Ages, stands out with its half-timbered tower and copper spire. In the 18th century, it was enlarged as a result of Nexø's prosperity from exporting fish and sandstone to Copenhagen. It has recently been renovated and redecorated.<ref>[http://www.kirkehistorie.dk/borno/ki133.htm "Nexø Kirke"], ''Kirkehistorie.dk''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 27 September 2012.</ref>

[[Nexø Museum]] in the harbour area is housed in a historic sandstone building from 1796 which was the town hall until 1856 when it was replaced with a new building in Købmagergade. Around 1890, an extra storey was added.<ref name=atlas/> The museum opened in 1970. Exhibitions include coverage of the German occupation, the Soviet bombing and occupation after the war. There are documents and artefacts from Nexø's earlier businesses, including its sandstone quarry and the old brewery.<ref>[http://www.nexoemuseum.dk/index.html "Nexø Museum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054248/http://www.nexoemuseum.dk/index.html |date=27 October 2016 }}. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref> The [[Bornholm Railway Museum]] recreates the atmosphere of an old station with exhibits from Bornholm's railways which operated from 1900 to 1968. Of particular interest is a renovated mail car.<ref>[http://enjoybornholm.dk/dk/About/Culture "Om Bornholm"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421095337/http://www.enjoybornholm.dk/dk/About/Culture |date=21 April 2010 }}, Enjoy Bornholm. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 12 November 2012.</ref>

Nexø is home to [[Bornholm Butterfly Park]] where over a thousand brightly coloured butterflies fly around in a former hothouse.<ref name=eb>[http://enjoybornholm.dk/en/About/Butterfly "Bornholm Butterfly Part"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623193726/http://enjoybornholm.dk/en/About/Butterfly |date=23 June 2012 }}, Enjoy Bornholm. Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref>

==The town today==
The town is centred on the harbour and the shopping area. Activity in the harbour area has increasingly moved away from fish processing to be replaced by new businesses, stores, and restaurants. Retail businesses in Nexø have benefitted from a growing number of tourists from the summer house developments to the south as well as from a reduction in facilities in the surrounding villages. There is a pleasant shopping area between the central square and the harbour. Nexø's services include a large school, library, an old people's home and various sports facilities.<ref>[http://www.brk.dk/Indflydelse-Politik/Planer/Kommuneplan%202009%20%20Del%202/202%20Nexø.pdf "202 - Nexø"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025902/http://www.brk.dk/Indflydelse-Politik/Planer/Kommuneplan%202009%20%20Del%202/202%20Nex%C3%B8.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}, Bornholms Regionskommune. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref>

==Surrounding area==
To the south of Nexø there are the beach resorts of [[Balka]], [[Snogebæk]] and [[Dueodde]], all famous for their fine white sand. Snogebæk has an attractive little harbour area while Dueodde is home to the island's [[Dueodde Lighthouse|tallest lighthouse]].

==Twin towns==
*{{Flag icon|Poland}} [[Kołobrzeg]], [[Poland]]
*{{Flag icon|Poland}} [[Darłowo]], [[Poland]]

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Bornholm - Nexø Kirke.jpg|Nexø Church
File:Nexo Gamle Rogeri - 2018.jpg|The old smokehouse
File:Bornholm - Nexø Museum2.jpg|Nexø Museum
File:Aasen, Nexø - gadeparti5.jpg|Street scene
File:Nexø, Købmagergade 33, Amtsgården, 2019-07-27, yj.jpg|Nexø, Købmagergade, Amtsgården
File:Bakkemøllen i Nexø.jpg|Bakkemøllen
File:Bornholm - Nexø Havn.jpg|Harbour
File:Dueodde-beach.jpg|Dueodde beach
</gallery>

{{Coord|55|03|45|N|15|07|55|E|display=title}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Nexø}}
*[http://www.brk.dk Official Website]

{{Bornholm Denmark}}
{{WWII city bombing}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nexo}}
[[Category:Nexø| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Capital Region of Denmark]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Denmark]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Bornholm]]