Editing Newmarket, Suffolk

{{short description|Market town in Suffolk, England}}
{{Redirect|Newmarket Town Council|the town council of Newmarket, Ontario|Newmarket, Ontario#Government}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox UK place
| static_image_name        = Horses in Newmarket.jpg
| static_image_caption     = A view of Newmarket showing horses galloping up part of the Long Hill training grounds
| country                  = England
| coordinates              = {{coord|52.2459|0.4105|display=inline,title}}
| official_name            = Newmarket
| population               = 16,772
| population_ref           = (2021 Census)<ref name="bua2011">{{cite web |title=Newmarket |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastofengland/admin/west_suffolk/E04012768__newmarket/ |website=City population |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref>
| civil_parish             = Newmarket
| shire_district           = [[West Suffolk (district)|West Suffolk]]
| region                   = East of England
| area_total_km2           = 14.65
| shire_county             = [[Suffolk]]
| constituency_westminster = [[West Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)|West Suffolk]]
| post_town                = NEWMARKET
| postcode_district        = CB8
| postcode_area            = CB
| dial_code                = 01638
| os_grid_reference        = TL645636
| type = [[Town]]
}}
'''Newmarket''' is a [[market town]] and [[civil parish]] in the [[West Suffolk (district)|West Suffolk]] district of [[Suffolk]], England, 14 miles west of [[Bury St Edmunds]] and 14 miles northeast of [[Cambridge]]. In 2021, it had a population of 16,772. It is a global centre for [[thoroughbred horse race|thoroughbred horse racing]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/8341960/Housing-turf-war-divides-Newmarket-the-home-of-horse-racing.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/8341960/Housing-turf-war-divides-Newmarket-the-home-of-horse-racing.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Housing turf war divides Newmarket, the home of horse racing|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|date=23 February 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> racehorse training,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/10634365.Racehorse_trainers_open_their_doors_to_the_public_for_Malton_Stables_Open_Day/ |title=Racehorse trainers open their doors to the public for Malton Stables Open Day |publisher=The York Press |date=26 August 2013}}</ref> breeding, and horse health. Two [[Classic races]] and three [[British Champions Series]] races are held at Newmarket every year. The town has had close royal connections since the time of [[James I of England|James I]], who built a palace there, and was also a base for [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], and most monarchs since. [[Elizabeth II]] visited the town often to see her horses in training.

Newmarket has over fifty horse training stables, two large racetracks, [[the Rowley Mile]] and the [[Newmarket Racecourse|July Course]], and one of the most extensive and prestigious horse training grounds in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jockey-club-estates.co.uk/newmarket-training-grounds/home |title=Newmarket Training Grounds |publisher=Jockey Club Estates}}</ref> The town is home to over 3,500 racehorses, and it is estimated that one in every three local jobs is related to horse racing. [[Palace House]], the National Heritage Centre for Horseracing and Sporting Art, the [[National Horseracing Museum]], [[Tattersalls]] racehorse auctioneers, and two of the world's foremost equine hospitals for horse health, are in the town, which is surrounded by over sixty horse breeding studs. On account of its leading position in the multibillion-pound horse racing and breeding industry, it is also a major export centre.

==History==

Newmarket's name was first recorded in Latin as ''Novo Mercato'' in 1219 (according to [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]], [[Feet of Fines]] CP25/1/23/9). The ''Novum Forum'' c.1200 recorded in many placename dictionaries such as that by Mills,<ref>Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names, A. D. Mills</ref> is an error; this was actually the surname ''de novo foro'' of a man from Yorkshire who had no connection to Newmarket.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Briggs |first1=Keith |title=The earliest records of Newmarket |journal=Journal of the English Place-Name Society |date=2020 |volume=52 |pages=68–75 |url=http://keithbriggs.info/Newmarket.html}}</ref> In 1223, Richard de Argentein was granted licence to hold an annual fair in Newmarket (from The National Archives, Henry III Fine Roll C60/18).

[[James VI and I|James I]] first visited Newmarket in February 1605, describing it as a "poor little village". From 1606 to 1610, he built the Newmarket Palace, an estate covering {{convert|1|acre|m2|sigfig=1|abbr=off}} of land from the High Street to All Saints' churchyard, and thus established the town as a royal resort. This also made Newmarket a horseracing town. The first palace building suffered from subsidence and sank on one side when King James was in residence in March 1613.<ref>Elizabeth McClure Thomson, ''The Chamberlain Letters'' (London, 1966), p. 126.</ref> [[Simon Basil]], and later, [[Inigo Jones]], were commissioned to build new lodgings for the King and the [[Charles I of Great Britain|Prince of Wales]]. Jones's design had three storeys and was [[Italianate]] in style.<ref>{{cite book | first=Simon | last=Thurley | author-link=Simon Thurley | title=Palaces of the Revolution, Life, Death & Art at the Stuart Court | publisher=Collins | year=2021 | pages=42–46}}</ref>

In 1642, [[Charles I of Great Britain|Charles I]] met a parliamentary deputation in Newmarket that demanded his surrender of the armed forces. "By God not for an hour", Charles replied, "You have asked such of me that was never asked of a King!" This effectively started the [[English Civil War]]. Newmarket remained [[Royalist (cavalier)|Royalist]] throughout the war. In early June 1647, Charles was captured at [[Holdenby House]] in [[Northamptonshire]] and brought to Newmarket as a prisoner. He was placed under house arrest in the palace while the whole of [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell]]'s [[New Model Army]] kept guard over the town. A survey in 1649 showed that the palace was in disrepair. The following year, the palace was sold to [[John Okey]] (one of [[:Category:Executed regicides of Charles I|the regicides]]), who demolished most of the buildings.<ref name=cromwell>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olivercromwell.org/newmarket.htm|title=Oliver Cromwell – Cromwell Britain – Newmarket|website=www.olivercromwell.org}}</ref>

Between 1666 and 1685, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] often visited Newmarket. In 1668, he commissioned [[William Samwell (architect)|William Samwell]] to build a new palace on the High Street (on the site of the present United Reformed Church). However, in 1670, [[John Evelyn]] said that the palace was "meane enough, and hardly capable for a hunting house, let alone a royal palace!" In October 1677 and October 1695, [[William III of England|William of Orange]] visited Newmarket.

[[File:How to Escape Winning (BM J,4.66).jpg|thumb|''How to Escape Winning'' by [[Thomas Rowlandson]]. Escape's legs are bound by the motto of the [[Order of the Garter]], and his jockey is shown holding him back.]] In 1791 the [[George IV|Prince of Wales]]' horse [[Escape (horse)|Escape]], ridden by [[Samuel Chifney]], lost a race and then won one the next day, raising suspicions he'd lost the first race on purpose to raise the betting odds.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mortimer |first1=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuEYPQAACAAJ |title=Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing |last2=Onslow |first2=Richard |last3=Willett |first3=Peter |date=1978 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's |isbn=978-0-354-08536-6 |language=en}}</ref> Jockey Club stewards [[Sir Charles Bunbury, 6th Baronet|Charles Bunbury]], Ralph Dutton and [[Thomas Panton]] told the prince that if he continued to employ Chifney, "no gentleman would start against him".<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=George |first=Mary Dorothy |author-link=M. Dorothy George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DMD9twAACAAJ&q=Catalogue+of+Political+and+Personal+Satires+in+the+British+Museum |title=Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum |date=1935 |publisher=[[British Museum]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=History of Flat Racing – QIPCO British Champions Series Hall of Fame |url=https://horseracinghof.com/history-of-racing/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=Hall of Fame |language=en-GB}}</ref> The prince instead announced he would no longer race at all.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Escape |url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Escape.htm |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=[[Bloodlines.net]]}}</ref> He sold his stable and, despite pleas from the Jockey Club, never returned to Newmarket.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Setterfield |first=Ray |title=Prince of Wales Gallops Out of Horseracing After Scandal |url=https://www.onthisday.com/articles/prince-of-wales-gallops-out-of-horseracing-after-scandal |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=[[On This Day]] |language=en}}</ref>

At the start of the 19th century, the palace was largely demolished, but a section survives and is now named [[Palace House]].<ref name=cromwell/> During the 1800s, Newmarket south of the High Street spread into the parishes of [[Woodditton]] and [[Cheveley]] in Cambridgeshire. In 1894, the county border was moved to accommodate this, and has been further altered since.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=18797 |title=A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely |volume=10 |page=78 |publisher=Victoria County History}}</ref>

On 15 December 1977, an [[F111-F]] jet fighter crashed at [[Exning]] near Newmarket, owing to hydraulic failure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=152987 |title=Accident General Dynamics F-111F 70-2380, 15 Dec 1977 |first=Harro |last=Ranter |website=aviation-safety.net |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref>

Aired on 12 February 2012, the British television series ''[[Time Team]]'' [[Time Team (series 19)|excavated on the site]] of Charles II's palace at Newmarket and found foundations of racehorse stables.

==Geography and governance==
[[File:The Jockey Club, Newmarket, UK.jpg|thumb|right|A view of the Jockey Club Rooms at [[Newmarket Racecourse]]]]
The area of Suffolk containing Newmarket is nearly an [[exclave]], with only a narrow strip of territory linking it to the rest of the county. There are three tiers of local government covering Newmarket, at parish (town), district, and county level: Newmarket Town Council, [[West Suffolk District Council]], and [[Suffolk County Council]].

The town lies in the Parliamentary constituency of [[West Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)|West Suffolk]], which since 2024 has been represented by MP [[Nick Timothy]].

===Administrative history===
{{Infobox former subdivision
|Name=Newmarket
|subdivision_type=[[Local board of health|Local Board District]] (1851{{ndash}}1894)<br>[[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|Urban District]] (1894{{ndash}}1974)
|HQ=Newmarket
<!-- Statuses -->
|Start=7 August 1851 (Local Board)<br>31 December 1894 (Urban District)
|End=31 March 1974
|Replace=[[Forest Heath District|Forest Heath]]
|arms_image   = [[File:Newmarket Escutcheon.png|Newmarket Escutcheon|center|150px]]
<!-- Memberships -->
| membership_title1     = [[Court of quarter sessions|Quarter Sessions]] (until 1889)<br>County Council (after 1889)
| membership1           = Suffolk and Cambridgeshire (until 1889)<br>West Suffolk (after 1889)
|PopulationFirst=6,213<ref>{{cite web |title=Newmarket Urban Sanitary District |url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10043311 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>
|PopulationLast=12,360<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10133622 |title=Newmarket Urban District, ''A Vision of Britain through Time'' |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>          
   |PopulationFirstYear=1891
   |PopulationLastYear=1971
}}

Historically the town was split between parishes and counties, with one parish – St Mary – in Suffolk, and the other – All Saints – in [[Cambridgeshire]]. The boundary between the two parishes followed the High Street through the middle of the town, with St Mary's parish and Suffolk to the north, and All Saints' parish and Cambridgeshire to the south. In 1851 a [[local board of health]] was established to govern the town, with its territory covering the two Newmarket parishes and parts of the neighbouring parishes of [[Exning]] (Suffolk) and [[Woodditton]] (Cambridgeshire).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Public Health Supplemental Act 1851 No. 2 (14 & 15 Vict. c. 98) |date=7 August 1851 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wL8uAAAAIAAJ&dq=Newmarket+board+of+health&pg=PA656 |access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Newmarket: Local Board of Health |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=Cambridge Chronicle and University Journal |date=6 September 1851 |page=4}}</ref>

The [[Local Government Act 1888]] established county councils, and directed that [[urban sanitary district]]s such as Newmarket Local Board should not straddle county boundaries. As such, the whole local board district was brought within [[West Suffolk (county)|West Suffolk]] on 1 April 1889. The [[Local Government Act 1894]] established elected parish and district councils, with Newmarket Local Board becoming Newmarket Urban District Council on 31 December 1894. Newmarket Urban District Council held its first meeting on 31 December 1894 at [[Newmarket Town Hall]] at 29 High Street, a converted theatre which had previously been used by the old local board for meetings.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1351290|desc=29 High Street, Newmarket|fewer-links=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Newmarket Local Board: The last meeting |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=Newmarket Journal |date=22 December 1894 |page=8}}</ref> The first chairman of the urban district council was Joseph Rogers, who had been the last chairman of the local board.<ref>{{cite news |title=Newmarket Urban District Council: First meeting |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=Newmarket Journal |date=5 January 1895 |page=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Death of Mr Joseph Rogers at Newmarket |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=Evening Star |date=26 July 1904 |location=Ipswich |page=4}}</ref> On 1 October 1895 the urban district was enlarged by absorbing the rest of Exning parish and additional areas from Woodditton parish (the latter being added to the civil parish of Newmarket All Saints). Thereafter Newmarket Urban District covered three civil parishes: Newmarket St Mary, Newmarket All Saints, and Exning. These were [[Civil parish#Urban parishes|urban parishes]] and so did not have parish councils of their own, but were directly administered by Newmarket Urban District Council.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Youngs |first1=Frederic A. |title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Volume 1: Southern England |date=1979 |publisher=Royal Historical Society |location=London |isbn=0-901050-67-9 |page=684}}</ref>

The urban district council was based at the Town Hall at 29 High Street until 1922, when it moved to Godolphin House at 2 The Avenue, and sold the Town Hall to be converted into commercial premises.<ref>{{cite news |title=Newmarket Urban Council |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=Bury Free Press |date=15 July 1922 |location=Bury St Edmunds |page=5}}</ref> By 1937 the council had moved its main offices to Stratford House at 29 Old Station Road, but continued to use Godolphin House for some departments.<ref>{{cite news |title=Newmarket Urban District Council |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/ |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=Chelmsford Chronicle |date=4 June 1937 |page=6}}</ref><ref>Post Office Telephone Directory, 1937: Newmarket Urban District Council: Clerk, accountant and rating office listed at Stratford House, surveyor's office at Godolphin House.</ref> Around 1948 the council acquired Severals House at 3 Bury Road, which then served as its offices and meeting place until the council's abolition in 1974.<ref>Post Office Telephone Directory, 1948: Newmarket Urban District Council, Severals House</ref> Newmarket Urban District Council was granted a [[coat of arms]] on 15 November 1951.<ref name=heraldry/>

The [[Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967)|Local Government Commission for England]] suggested in the 1960s that the border around Newmarket could be altered in [[West Suffolk (county)|West Suffolk]]'s favour. Conversely, the 1972 [[Local Government Act 1972|Local Government Bill]], as originally proposed, would have transferred the town (and Haverhill) to Cambridgeshire. Newmarket Urban District Council supported the move to Cambridgeshire, but ultimately the government decided to withdraw this proposal and keep the existing boundary, despite lobbying from the Urban District Council.<ref>{{cite Hansard |date=6 July 1972 |column_start=1002 |column_end=1005 |house=House of Commons}}</ref>

Newmarket Urban District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, merging with neighbouring [[Mildenhall Rural District]] to become [[Forest Heath District]] on 1 April 1974.<ref>{{cite book |title=The English Non-Metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972 (S.I. 1972 No. 2039) |date=1972 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1972/2039/made |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref> No [[successor parish]] was created for the former urban district, and so it became an [[unparished area]], remaining unparished until 1999 when the area was split between two parishes called Newmarket and Exning, with the parish council for Newmarket adopting the name Newmarket Town Council.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Forest Heath (Parishes) Order 1999 |date=1999 |url=https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/lgbce/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/12298/forest-heath-parishes-order-1999.pdf |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Newmarket Town Council |url=https://www.newmarket.gov.uk/ |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref> Forest Heath District Council had its main offices at [[Mildenhall, Suffolk|Mildenhall]]. Forest Heath merged with neighbouring St Edmundsbury in 2019 to become West Suffolk, administered from [[Bury St Edmunds]].

==Connections to horse racing and training==

[[File:2014 32Red Casino Handicap 2.jpg|thumb|right|A horse race at [[Newmarket Racecourse]]]]
[[File:Newmarket grandstand (14127177733).jpg|thumb|right|A grandstand at The Rowley Mile]]
Racing at Newmarket has been dated as far back as 1174, making it the earliest known racing venue of post-classical times.{{cn|date=March 2022}} [[James I of England|King James I]] (reigned 1603–1625) greatly increased the popularity of [[horse racing]] there, and [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] followed this by inaugurating the first cup race in 1634. The [[Jockey Club]]'s clubhouse is in Newmarket, though its administration is based in London.

===Stables and training industry===
[[File:Long Hill and Warren Hill, Newmarket.jpg|thumb|right|Horses galloping on the Long Hill training grounds]]
Around 3,000 race horses are stabled in and around Newmarket. By comparison, the human population is of the order of 15,000 and it is estimated that one in three jobs are connected to horseracing in one way or another.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.westsuffolk.gov.uk/news/150915-fh01.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000753/http://www.westsuffolk.gov.uk/news/150915-fh01.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-12-28 |title=Recognition for Newmarket will benefit all|website=www.westsuffolk.gov.uk |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> Newmarket has 3 main sections of Heath, all of which are used to train the racehorses on. The grassland of Newmarket's training grounds has been developed over hundreds of years of careful maintenance, and is generally regarded as some of the finest in the world. "Racecourse side" is located next to the [[Rowley Mile]] Racecourse and is a predominately flat area. "Warren Hill" overlooks the town and consists of three all-weather canters and a multitude of grass canters. "Bury Side" is the name given to the area located near the Bury Road and the railway line. These areas and the surrounding [[heath (habitat)|heath]] is [[chalk]] downland and has special [[bird]]s and [[animal]]s only suited to this terrain. It is also a very historical area with the remains of 6th century living.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.luphen.org.uk/walks/stour_valley/01_newmarket.htm|title=Stour Valley Path: Newmarket Racecourse to Little Bradley|website=www.luphen.org.uk|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> This hill is part of the chalk formation the [[Newmarket Ridge]]. The town has {{convert|50|mi|km}} of turf gallops and over {{convert|14|mi|km}} of artificial track.

Most of the Newmarket-based racing stables are situated in the centre of the town, where they can easily access the gallops. The town has special horse routes so the horses can reach the gallops safely from the many training establishments occupied by top trainers. Many of the world's most successful trainers are based in Newmarket, [[Sir Michael Stoute]] who is based at Freemason Lodge, [[John Gosden]], based at Clarehaven Stables, [[Saeed bin Suroor]], based at Stanley House Stables and [[Charlie Appleby (racehorse trainer)|Charlie Appleby]] based at Moulton Paddocks. Millions of pounds of prize money are won by these trainers alone around the world each year. Many of the horses they train are worth over £1 million, with some of the finest being worth between £5 million and £50 million or higher. Outside the town the land-use is dominated by [[Thoroughbred horse|thoroughbred]] [[Horse breeding|breeding]], studs occupying large areas in every direction. Around seventy licensed trainers and more than sixty stud farms operate in and around Newmarket.<ref name="newmarketracecourses.co.uk">[http://www.newmarketracecourses.co.uk newmarketracecourses.co.uk], introductory page, accessed 16 September 2006.</ref>

Newmarket has three major public horse exercise grounds: Warren Hill (including the Long Hill exercise grounds), Racecourse Side (situated between and alongside Newmarket Racecourses's Rowley Mile and July Courses), and the Limekilns (include the Al Bahatri all-weather grounds). Godolphin also operate two large private horse exercise grounds near their Godolphin Stables and Moulton Paddocks stables.

===Horse racing===
[[File:The Rowley Mile Racecourse, Newmarket, UK.jpg|thumb|right|The Rowley Mile Racecourse]]
The town has two race courses situated on Newmarket Heath, [[The Rowley Mile]] and [[The July Course]]. The Rowley Mile is the home of Newmarket's two [[Classic races]], the [[2,000 Guineas]] and the [[1,000 Guineas]], two of the world's most prestigious races, run in the first weekend of May every year. The value of the winners of these races are often immediately increases by millions of pounds. It is also the home of Future Champions Day, run the weekend before Champions Day at [[Ascot Racecourse|Ascot]], which includes the very important [[Dewhurst Stakes]]. The July Course is the home of the [[July Cup]], the [[Falmouth Stakes]] and a number of other very important races. The two courses are separated by the [[Devil's Dyke, Cambridgeshire|Devil's Dyke]]. This large earthwork starts in neighbouring [[Woodditton]] (sometimes spelt as Wood Ditton) and ends in [[Reach, Cambridgeshire|Reach]], a distance of over {{convert|7|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}}.

===Horse breeding===
[[File:The National Stud, Newmarket, UK.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The National Stud, Newmarket, UK|[[The National Stud]]]]
Newmarket is the UK centre for the multibillion-pound racehorse breeding industry, and a key global centre of the business. Thoroughbred breeding lines are a core part of success in global horse racing, and key stallions are controlled by major global breeding operations, which operate studs around the town. [[Darley Stud]], owners of [[New Approach]], [[Cape Cross]], [[Dubawi]], [[Sepoy]] and [[Raven's Pass]] own large areas of land to the south of the town. [[Shadwell Stud]], another major global operation, have a number of studs nearby and own [[Nayef (horse)|Nayef]], [[Sakhee]], [[Haafhd]] and [[Eswarah]]. [[Juddmonte Farms]], owner of [[Frankel (horse)|Frankel]], [[Observatory (horse)|Observatory]], [[Dansili]], [[Champs Elysees (horse)|Champs Elysees]] and Three Valleys, also have a large stud nearby. [[Cheveley Park Stud]], owners of Pivotal, [[Mayson (horse)|Mayson]] and Medicean are based next to the town, as are Lanwades Stud, owners of Aussie Rules, [[Hernando (horse)|Hernando]] and [[Sir Percy]]. [[Newsells Park|Newsells Park Stud]], owners of [[Equiano (horse)|Equiano]] and The Royal Studs, owners of [[Motivator (horse)|Motivator]] also operate there. In 1967 [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] opened [[The National Stud]], a [[Horse breeding|breeding]] centre for [[thoroughbred horse]]s. Other parts of the town are also surrounded by some of the world's largest and most successful horse breeding studs.

===Horse health and welfare===
[[File:Hyperion statue, Newmarket, UK.jpg|thumb|right|A view of the Jockey Club Rooms]]
The town is home to two of the most advanced equine hospitals in the world, the Newmarket Equine Hospital<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newmarketequinehospital.com|title=Home – Newmarket Equine Hospital|website=Newmarket Equine Hospital|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> and Rossdales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rossdales.com|title=The largest dedicated equine veterinary practice in the UK – Rossdales Veterinary Surgeons|date=28 March 2018|website=Rossdales Veterinary Surgeons|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref>

===Museums of horse racing===
[[File:HomeofHorseracing.jpg|thumb|Part of Palace House in Newmarket, Suffolk, UK]]
Newmarket is home to Britain's National Heritage Centre for Horseracing and Sporting Art at [[Palace House]], the [[National Horseracing Museum]], the '''Sporting Art Trust''' and a base of [[Retraining of Racehorses]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-25816391|title=Work begins on £15m racing museum|work=BBC News|date=28 March 2018|access-date=28 March 2018|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

==Food and drink==

===Newmarket sausages===
The town is home to the [[Protected geographic designation|PGI Protected]] [[Newmarket sausage]]. Produced since the 1880s, three local butchers in the town are entitled to produce these unique flavoured sausages.

The sausages are given as a prize for the [[Newmarket Town Plate]], held each year at [[Newmarket racecourse]].

==Culture and community==
[[File:cmglee_Newmarket_Clock_Tower.jpg|thumb|Newmarket Clock Tower in July 2019]]
[[File:A statue of the Queen in Newmarket, Suffolk.jpg|thumb|A statue of the Queen in Newmarket, Suffolk]]
Newmarket's key role in sport for many centuries has made it a centre for many of Britain's finest sporting painters. The development of painting on [[Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom|sporting]] themes in the early eighteenth century was centred on the Newmarket Racecourse and the three founders of the sporting school, [[John Wootton]], [[James Seymour (artist)|James Seymour]] and [[Peter Tillemans]], painted many scenes of the racecourse and its environs.<ref name=Waterhouse>Ellis Waterhouse, ''Painting in Britain, 1530 to 1790'', Baltimore, MD: Penguin, 1953, p. 215. At [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=202884 Painting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128014439/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=202884 |date=28 November 2007 }}{{ISBN?}}</ref> Newmarket is also the setting for some of [[Sir Alfred Munnings]]'s most famous paintings.

The [[Save Historic Newmarket]] group, an organisation dedicated to maintaining the town's unique heritage as the world headquarters of racing, has become increasingly vocal in recent years.<ref name=news>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/6835582/Uncivil-war-shatters-Newmarket-peace-over-Lord-Derbys-housing-plans.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/horseracing/6835582/Uncivil-war-shatters-Newmarket-peace-over-Lord-Derbys-housing-plans.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Uncivil war shatters Newmarket peace over Lord Derby's housing plans | first=Paul | last=Kelso | date=18 December 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The group, composed of local residents, supports sustainable development in the town and aims to make Newmarket a more attractive destination for visitors.

==Transport==
[[Newmarket (Suffolk) railway station|Newmarket railway station]] is on the [[Ipswich-Ely line]], formerly belonging to the [[Great Eastern Railway]] (later part of the [[London & North Eastern Railway]]). Newmarket's first railway was a line built by the [[Newmarket and Chesterford Railway]] and opened in 1848 (known as the "Newmarket Railway"). It branched off the [[West Anglia Main Line]] at {{rws|Great Chesterford}} and ran about {{convert|15|mi|km|round=5|abbr=off}} north-eastwards. There was an attractive terminus in Newmarket, with intermediate stations at {{rws|Bourne Bridge}}, {{rws|Balsham Road}} and {{rws|Six Mile Bottom}}.

Three years later the first {{convert|9|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} or so of this line, the stretch from Great Chesterford to Six Mile Bottom, was superseded by a more viable section linking Six Mile Bottom directly with Cambridge, and so the Great Chesterford – Six Mile Bottom section closed in 1851, one of the earliest closures in British railway history (the former Bourne Bridge station is believed to have been partly incorporated into a public house just across the road from a station opened later on another line – [[Pampisford]], on the now-closed Cambridge – [[Haverhill, Suffolk|Haverhill]] – [[Sudbury, Suffolk|Sudbury]] route). With the development of other rail lines the Newmarket terminus was replaced by the present through station in 1902; it was used as a goods station until 1967 and demolished in 1980.<ref>{{cite web | title = Newmarket (1st Station) | publisher = Disused Stations
| date = 23 June 2005 | url = http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/stations/n/newmarket/index.shtml | access-date = 2008-02-04 }}</ref>

A short distance to the north east is the 1,100-yard Warren Hill tunnel. North of the tunnel, a separate station, {{rws|Warren Hill}}, was built for raceday use.

Regular bus services run to the neighbouring towns of Bury St Edmunds, Cambridge, Ely and Mildenhall.<ref name=buses>[http://www.suffolkonboard.com/timetables_leaflets/timetables_by_area/newmarket_surrounding_area Newmarket & surrounding areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111041116/http://www.suffolkonboard.com/timetables_leaflets/timetables_by_area/newmarket_surrounding_area |date=11 January 2013 }}, Suffolk County Council. Retrieved 2013-01-22.</ref> Various [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] coach services serve the town: London ([[Victoria Coach Station]]) to Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft; Norwich to [[Stansted Airport|Stansted]], [[Heathrow Airport|Heathrow]] and [[Gatwick Airport]]s; and the cross country Clacton-on-Sea to Liverpool service which travels via Cambridge, Peterborough, Leicester, Nottingham, Sheffield and Manchester. In late 2006, Newmarket introduced a [[Park and Ride]] service running from Studlands industrial estate to the town centre, which was replaced by an hourly bus route, the number 11 (formerly number 10), whilst at the same time parking charges were introduced to the town. {{Citation needed|reason=''See talk page for details''|date=February 2021}}

==Education==
Newmarket has a number of primary schools which feed into the 11–18 [[Newmarket Academy]], the town's only secondary school. The town is also home to an [[Air Training Corps]] Squadron (2417 Newmarket Squadron) and an Army Cadet Detachment.

==Media==
Local news and television programmes are provided by [[BBC East]] and [[ITV Anglia]].Television signals are received from the [[Sandy Heath transmitting station|Sandy Heath]] TV transmitter. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sandy_Heath|title=Full Freeview on the Sandy Heath (Central Bedfordshire, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=28 October 2023}}</ref>

The town is served by both [[BBC Radio Suffolk]] and [[BBC Radio Cambridgeshire]] including other radio stations [[Heart East]], [[Star Radio (Cambridge and Ely)|Star Radio]], and [[Greatest Hits Radio East|Greatest Hits Radio Cambridgeshire]]. 

The local newspaper is the ''Newmarket Journal''. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-eang/newmarket-journal/|title=Newmarket Journal|date=10 February 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=28 October 2023}}</ref>

==Sport and leisure==
Newmarket has two racecourses, [[The Rowley Mile]] and [[The July Course]], and is home to 3,000 [[thoroughbred]] racehorses and over 70 racehorse trainers. The local [[association football|football]] team is [[Newmarket Town F.C.|Newmarket Town]]. In 2005–06 the club reached the quarter finals of the [[FA Vase]]. Newmarket Hockey Club play [[field hockey]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newmarkethockeyclub.com/index.php |title=Newmarket Hockey Club |publisher=Newmarket Hockey Club |access-date=2012-11-08}}</ref> and Newmarket Cycling and Triathlon club is an amateur cycling club in the town.

A [[Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom|greyhound racing]] track was opened around the Cricket Field Road ground, the venue used by Newmarket Town FC. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the [[National Greyhound Racing Club]]) known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.<ref>{{cite book|last=Barnes|first=Julia|title=Daily Mirror Greyhound Fact File, page 420|year=1988|publisher=Ringpress Books|isbn=0-948955-15-5}}</ref> The track was active shortly after [[World War II]] and is known to have also been active during 1967. The date of closure is not known.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://greyhoundracingtimes.co.uk/2019/03/17/newmarket/|title=NEWMARKET|date=17 March 2019|work=Greyhound Racing Times}}</ref> An earlier instance of racing took place in 1933 at a venue described as the Duchess Drive Stadium.<ref>{{cite news|title=Greyhound Racing – Saturday 1 July|year=1933|newspaper=The Bury Free Press}}</ref>

== Healthcare ==

=== The Rous Memorial Hospital (1870s–1966) ===
Source:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 November 2023 |title=rous-memorial-hospital |url=https://talkingdust.net/rous-memorial-hospital/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=The Medical History of Newmarket}}</ref>

In 1866 a campaign started to build a cottage hospital in Newmarket.<ref name=":0" /> In 1878 the Jockey Club raised £5000 in memory of Admiral Rous.<ref name=":0" /> In the twentieth century it became a GP led unit, and was converted into almshouses in 1977. <ref name=":0" /> 

From the start of the twentieth-century a succession of the [[matron]]s were trained at [[Royal London Hospital|The London Hospital]] under Matron [[Eva Luckes]].<ref name=":1">Rogers, Sarah (2022). 'A Maker of Matrons'? A study of Eva Lückes's influence on a generation of nurse leaders:1880–1919' (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Huddersfield, April 2022)</ref> These included:

* Mary Winifred McDonall, Matron 1900 –<ref>{{Cite journal |date=14 April 1900 |title=Appointments |journal=[[The Nursing Record and Hospital World]] |volume=24 |pages=294 |via=www.rcn.org}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
* Ann Maria Tubby, Matron 1906<ref>Matron’s Annual Letter to Nurses, No.14, Matron's Annual Letter to Nurses, 1894–1916; RLHLH/N/7/2, No.14, March 1907, 31; Barts Health NHS Trust Archives and Museums, London</ref> – about 1910.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Matron’s Annual Letter to Nurses, No.17, Matron's Annual Letter to Nurses, 1894–1916; RLHLH/N/7/2, No.17, March 1910, 33; Barts Health NHS Trust Archives and Museums, London</ref>
* Annie Langridge, Matron 1911 – until at least 1939.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=18 March 1911 |title=Appointments |journal=[[The British Journal of Nursing]] |volume=46 |pages=209 |via=www.rcn.org}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>Langridge, Annie, RG101/6661j; 1939 England and Wales Register for Newmarket, Suffolk; The National Archives, Kew [Available at: www.ancestry.co.uk, accessed on 6 July 2018]</ref>
* Dora Mildred Newman, Matron’s Sick Relief and Holiday Duty, between about 1897<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=13 April 1918 |title=Appointments |journal=[[The Nursing Times]] |volume=14 |pages=430}}</ref>–1911.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

==Notable people==
[[File:Frankie Dettori 2005.jpg|thumb|right|Local celebrity jockey [[Frankie Dettori]] in the parade ring at Newmarket after riding in the 2005 [[2,000 Guineas Stakes|2,000 Guineas]].]]
Famous residents of Newmarket include jockeys [[Frankie Dettori]],<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/oct/16/frankie-dettori-newmarket-dewhurst-champions | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Greg | last=Wood | title=Frankie Dettori at Newmarket ready for the few that have got away | date=16 October 2010}}</ref> [[William Buick]], [[Ryan L. Moore|Ryan Moore]] and [[Tom Queally]], as well as trainers [[Michael Stoute|Sir Michael Stoute]], [[John Gosden]], [[James Fanshawe]], [[Saeed bin Suroor]], [[Charlie Appleby (racehorse trainer)|Charlie Appleby]], and [[Marco Botti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newmarketopenweekend.co.uk|title=Home – Newmarket Open Weekend|website=Newmarket Open Weekend|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> and former West Indian cricketer [[Michael Holding]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anstead|first=Mark|date=2010-06-25|title=Fame & Fortune: Michael Holding|journal=Daily Telegraph|language=en-GB|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/fameandfortune/7854287/Fame-and-Fortune-Michael-Holding.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/fameandfortune/7854287/Fame-and-Fortune-Michael-Holding.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2020-07-10|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Many wealthy owners of racing stables and studs have also lived in Newmarket, including [[David Robinson (philanthropist)|David Robinson]], [[David Thompson (British businessman)|David Thompson]], [[Rachel Parsons (engineer)|Rachel Parsons]] and [[Lester Piggott]].

Newmarket is the birthplace of the following people.
*[[W. T. Tutte|William Thomas Tutte]] (1917–2002), mathematician and [[World War II]] [[cryptoanalyst]]<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2014-09-21 |url=http://math.uwaterloo.ca/combinatorics-and-optimization/about/professor-william-t-tutte/biography-professor-tutte |title=Biography of Professor Tutte |publisher=University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics }}</ref> (celebrated by a memorial installed in 2014 outside the Rutland Arms Hotel)<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2014-09-21 |url=http://billtuttememorial.org.uk/the-memorial/ |title= The Bill Tutte Memorial |publisher=Bill Tutte Memorial Fund }}</ref>
*[[Thomas Elsdon Ashford]] (1859–1913), recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] during the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/leiceste.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225010226/http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/leiceste.htm|url-status=dead|title=Thomas Elsdon Ashford|archivedate=25 December 2012}}</ref>
*[[Ross Edgar]] (born 1983), [[2008 Olympics]] cycling Silver Medalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympics.org.uk/member/i/4227907/ |title=British Olympic Athlete Search – London 2012 and past Olympic games &#124; Team GB |publisher=Olympics.org.uk |access-date=2012-11-08}}</ref>
*[[Dina Carroll]] (born 1968), [[Brit Award]] winner<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music--the-making-of-a-uk-soul-diva-dina-carroll-is-british-but-that-hasnt-stopped-her-from-becoming-a-doubleplatinum-soul-sensation-interview-by-sabine-durrant-1503310.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music--the-making-of-a-uk-soul-diva-dina-carroll-is-british-but-that-hasnt-stopped-her-from-becoming-a-doubleplatinum-soul-sensation-interview-by-sabine-durrant-1503310.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Sabine | last=Durrant | title=MUSIC / The making of a UK soul diva: Dina Carroll is British, but that hasn't stopped her from becoming a double-platinum soul sensation. Interview by Sabine Durrant | date=10 November 1993}}</ref>
*[[Union J|Jamie Paul "JJ" Hamblett]] (born 1988), singer from [[Union J]], previously worked for Newmarket trainer [[John Gosden]].

==Twin towns==
{{SisterCities|Newmarket|three}}
* [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]], [[Kentucky]], United States
* [[Maisons-Laffitte]], France
* [[Le Mesnil-le-Roi]], France

==See also==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Newmarket Escutcheon.png
|escutcheon = Vert a Horse courant Argent on a Chief Gules a Lion rampant guardant between two Saxon Crowns Or therein as many Arrows in saltire points downwards of the second.
|motto = 'RESPICE FINEM' – Look to the end.
|notes = Granted 15 November 1951, to the Newmarket Urban District Council.<ref name=heraldry>{{cite web|url=http://civicheraldry.co.uk/east_of_england.html#aldeburgh%20tc |title=Civic Heraldry of England |publisher=Robert Young |access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>}}
* [[Lambourn]] and [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]] – two other major racehorse training centres in England.
* [[Newmarket sausage]]
* [[Newmarket, Ontario]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikivoyage|Newmarket (Suffolk)}}
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.newmarket.gov.uk/ Newmarket Town Council]
* [http://www.discovernewmarket.co.uk Discover Newmarket]
* [http://www.visitsuffolk.com/suffolk-places/newmarket/ Visit Newmarket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222452/http://www.visitsuffolk.com/suffolk-places/newmarket/ |date=3 March 2016 }}
* [http://www.newmarketjournal.co.uk Newmarket Journal - Newmarket's weekly newspaper]
* [http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/newmarket Newmarket Weekly News]

{{West Suffolk|state=expanded}}
{{Suffolk}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Newmarket, Suffolk| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Market towns in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Horse racing in Great Britain]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Forest Heath]]