Editing Newington, London

{{distinguish|Stoke Newington|Newington Green}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| region                   = London
| official_name            = Newington
| coordinates              = {{coord|51.4988|-0.0901|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_reference        = TQ325795
| london_borough           = Southwark
| pushpin_map              = United Kingdom London Southwark
| population               = 14,136
| population_ref           = (2011 Census. Ward)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689051&c=Newington&d=14&e=62&g=6336855&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1476350116102&enc=1|title=Southwark Ward population 2011|access-date=13 October 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistists}}</ref>
| post_town                = LONDON
| postcode_area            = SE
| postcode_district        = SE1, SE17
| dial_code                = 020
| constituency_westminster = [[Vauxhall and Camberwell Green (UK Parliament constituency)|Vauxhall and Camberwell Green]]
| static_image_name        = Trinity church square southwark london.jpg
| static_image_caption     = [[Trinity Church Square]] forms part of a conservation area
}}
'''Newington''' is a district of [[Central London]], just south of the [[River Thames]], and part of the [[London Borough of Southwark]]. It was an ancient parish and the site of the early administration of the county of [[Surrey]]. It was the location of the [[County of London]] Sessions House from 1917, in a building now occupied by the [[Inner London Crown Court]].

==History==

===Toponymy===
The name means "new farmstead" to refer to a newer part of the manor of Walworth. It lay on the old Roman road from London to [[West Sussex]], specifically directly to [[Chichester]] (also linking to London/Westminster much of [[Surrey]] including [[Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]] and [[Guildford]]) (this was [[Stane Street (Chichester)|one of the Stane Street]]s). The proximity to London meant stalls, stables and stores were by the late medieval period numerous. The first mention of Newington (or Neweton) occurs in the [[Testa de Nevill]] (a survey of feudal tenure officially known as the Book of Fees compiled 1198–1242) during the reign of [[Henry III of England|Henry III]], wherein it is stated that ''the queen's goldsmith holds of the king one acre of land in Neweton, by the service of rendering a gallon of honey''.<ref name="Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay & Keay 2008 587">{{cite book|author=Weinreb|author2=Hibbert|author3=Keay|author4=Keay|name-list-style=amp|title=The London Encyclopaedia|publisher=Macmillan|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5|page=587}}</ref> In 1313 it is mentioned again in the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]'s Register as ''Newington juxta London''.<ref name="Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay & Keay 2008 587"/> The name survives now in the street names [[Newington Causeway]] and [[Newington Butts]] and in the open space [[Newington Gardens]], on the site of [[Horsemonger Lane Gaol]] (1791–1878).

Newington as a [[wards of the United Kingdom|ward]] currently is a name for one of the equal-electorate drawn divisions of councillors of the [[London Borough of Southwark]], covering from Walworth Road up to the borough's western limit with [[South Lambeth]], [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]].

===Urban development===
[[File:Trinity Street Regency terraces.jpg|thumb|[[Regency architecture|Regency]] terraces of Trinity Street]]
The area remained as a farming village with a low level of population until the second half of the 18th century. There was a little industry, for example, the manufacture of [[Smoking pipe (tobacco)|clay pipes]] for [[tobacco]] smoking. In [[William Shakespeare]]'s time, there was a theatre called [[Newington Butts]] and later there were further theatres.  Newington gained in importance with the creation of the [[Westminster Bridge]] in 1750 and the associated improvements of [[London Bridge]] which required a series of new roads across [[St George's Fields]] to interconnect the routes from them and allow traffic from the Georgian [[West End of London|West End]] to travel south and to [[Southwark]] without transitting through the City. These routes were [[Westminster Bridge Road]] and [[Borough Road]] for the West End and Southwark; for the route to the south [[London Road, Southwark|London Road]] and [[St George's Road]] supplemented and by-passed the [[Borough High Street]] and [[Newington Causeway]]. All of these roads converged at a junction where there was a blacksmith's forge and inn called [[Elephant and Castle]] which then became a name to signify the area. Traffic heading to the south-east from the West End was connected to the older route from the City of London and Southwark to Kent as [[New Kent Road]] from Newington to a junction with the older route at the [[Bricklayers Arms]].  New roads brought development opportunities. The local landowner, [[Henry Penton (the younger)|Henry Penton]] ([[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Winchester (UK Parliament constituency)|Winchester]]), started to sell some of his farmland. The 19th century brought more dense speculative house building, and some philanthropic provision too. The [[Trinity House]] Newington Estate, laid out on property the institution was left in the seventeenth century, became a high class residential district which is still largely in existence. It was built around an 1820s classical church by [[Francis Octavius Bedford]].

Further urban stimulus was given by the arrival of mainline railway routes from the City to the south, the [[London, Chatham and Dover Railway]] built a station at [[Elephant and Castle]] in 1863. In 1890 the [[City and South London Railway]] (now the [[Northern line]] City Branch of [[London Underground]]) was projected through the area with stations at what was termed 'Kennington' (but in fact within Newington) and also at Elephant. In 1906 the new [[Bakerloo]] line terminated at the Elephant also.

===Local governance===
The parish of '''Newington St Mary''' was part of the [[Brixton (hundred)|Brixton]] Hundred of [[Surrey]] and this contained all of the manor of [[Walworth]]. Before the creation of elected [[County Council]]s, in 1889, the county [[Magistrate]]s were responsible for ensuring compliance with local bye-laws and [[Local ordinance|ordinance]]s, so that with the creation of the new Surrey County Sessions House at Newington Causeway in 1792 Newington was the [[County Town]], until [[Kingston on Thames]] was designated as such in 1893. In 1855 it came within the area of responsibility of the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]] and the parish vestry was incorporated as a local authority. In 1889 it became part of the [[County of London]]. There was a reorganisation of local government in 1900 and the parish became part of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Southwark]] and the vestry was abolished. The [[civil parish]] was finally abolished in 1930. The parish was of {{convert|633|acre|km2}} and the population peaked in 1901 at 121,863.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10191002&c_id=10001043|title=Newington CP/AP/Vest through time – Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref>

Newington is a ward within the [[London Borough of Southwark]] and the [[UK Parliament|Parliamentary]] seat of [[Bermondsey and Old Southwark (UK Parliament constituency)|Bermondsey and Old Southwark]].  It is represented by Councillors Eleanor Kerslake and [[Alice Macdonald]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] and James Coldwell, Independent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Councillors and MPs|url=https://www.southwark.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/councillors-and-mps|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Southwark Council}}</ref>

==Ecclesiastical parish==
The ancient parish, dedicated to [[St Mary]], was in the [[Diocese of Winchester]] until 1877, then the [[Diocese of Rochester]] until 1905, since when it is in the [[Diocese of Southwark]]. From 1826, as the population of Newington increased, ten new parishes were formed:<ref name="Newington">[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43034], 'Parishes: Newington', A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 (1912), pp. 74–77. Date accessed: 10 March 2014.</ref>
* ''' Holy Trinity, Newington''' in 1826
* '''[[St Peter's Church, Walworth|St Peter, Walworth]]''' in 1826
* '''St Paul, Newington''' in 1857
* '''St John, Walworth''' in 1860
* '''All Saints, Newington''' in 1866
* '''St Matthew, Newington''' in 1868
* '''St Mark, Walworth''' in 1870
* '''St Stephen, Walworth Common''' in 1871
* '''All Souls, Grosvenor Park''' in 1871
* '''St Andrew, Newington''' in 1877

Small parts of the above augmented other parishes, later:
* '''St Agnes, Kennington Park''' in 1874 ''with parts of St Mary, Lambeth''
* '''St Mark, Camberwell''' in 1880 ''with parts of St Giles, Camberwell''

==Politics==
[[File:Southwark Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg|thumb|A map showing the Newington wards of Southwark Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.]]
Under the [[Metropolis Management Act 1855]] any parish that exceeded 2,000 [[Rates in the United Kingdom|ratepayers]] was to be divided into wards; as such the incorporated vestry of St Mary Newington was divided into four wards (electing [[vestrymen]]): No. 1 or St Mary's (18), No. 2 or Trinity (18), No. 3 or St Paul's (15) and No. 4 or St Peter's (21).<ref>{{cite book|title=The London Gazette Issue: 21802|date=20 October 1855|pages=3882–3883|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21802/page/3882|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1885 Newington Map|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/maps/sheet/bc_reports_1885/Newington_1885|website=Vision of Britain|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>

In 1894 as its population had increased the incorporated vestry was re-divided into five wards (electing [[vestrymen]]): St Mary's (15), St Paul's (12), St Peter's (15), St John's (18) and Trinity (12).<ref>{{cite book|title=The London Gazette Issue: 26542|date=14 August 1894|pages=4719–4720|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26542/page/4719|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The London Gazette Issue: 26563|date=23 October 1894|page=5943|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26563/page/5943|access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title= Newington 2022 Results (3)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Labour Party (UK)|candidate=[[Alice Macdonald]]*|votes=2,051|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Labour Party (UK)|candidate=Natasha Ennin|votes=2,011|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Labour Party (UK)|candidate=John Batteson|votes=1,955|percentage=|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Green Party of England and Wales|candidate=Suzy Gillett|votes=494|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Green Party of England and Wales|candidate=Clare Wood|votes=453|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Liberal Democrats (UK)|candidate=James Gurling|votes=408|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Green Party of England and Wales|candidate=Lina Usma|votes=371|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Liberal Democrats (UK)|candidate=Abdul Gbla|votes=368|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Liberal Democrats (UK)|candidate=Joshua Sharman|votes=350|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Conservative Party (UK)|candidate=Charles Dempsey|votes=311|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Conservative Party (UK)|candidate=Suzie Bridgen-Didier|votes=297|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Conservative Party (UK)|candidate=Erda Prenci|votes=233|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout
  |votes      =3,236
  |percentage =31.62
  |change     =+0.03
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
 |winner = Labour Party (UK)
 |swing =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
 |winner = Labour Party (UK)
 |swing =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
 |winner = Labour Party (UK)
 |swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

In May 2019, Coldwell resigned from Labour in opposition to the then leader [[Jeremy Corbyn]] and the parties stance on [[Brexit]]. He now sits as an Independent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southwarknews.co.uk/news/brexit-final-straw-for-newingtons-coldwell/|title = Breaking News: Labour councillor QUITS party over Brexit, bullying, and Corbyn}}</ref>
{{Election box begin |title=Newington 2018 Results (3)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
  |party      = Labour Party (UK)
  |candidate  = Eleanor Kerslake*
  |votes      = 2,137
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
  |party      = Labour Party (UK)
  |candidate  = James Coldwell*
  |votes      = 2,082
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
  |party      = Labour Party (UK)
  |candidate  = [[Alice Macdonald|Alice MacDonald]]
  |votes      = 1,997
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Green Party of England and Wales
  |candidate  = Betiel Mehari
  |votes      = 837
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Liberal Democrats (UK)
  |candidate  = James Doran
  |votes      = 457
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Green Party of England and Wales
  |candidate  = Kate Belcheva
  |votes      = 429
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Liberal Democrats (UK)
  |candidate  = Harriet Shone
  |votes      = 420
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Liberal Democrats (UK)
  |candidate  = Alistair Bigos
  |votes      = 406
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Green Party of England and Wales
  |candidate  = David Powell
  |votes      = 354
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Conservative Party (UK)
  |candidate  = Sue Badman
  |votes      = 275
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Conservative Party (UK)
  |candidate  = Will Amor
  |votes      = 257
  |percentage =
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
  |party      = Conservative Party (UK)
  |candidate  = Joseph Lyons
  |votes      = 243
  |percentage = 
  |change     =
}}
{{Election box majority|
  |votes      =
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{{Election box turnout|
|votes=3,254
|percentage=31.59
|change=
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
  |winner     = Labour Party (UK)
  |swing      =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
  |winner     = Labour Party (UK)
  |swing      =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
  |winner     = Labour Party (UK)
  |swing      =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==People==
The scientist [[Michael Faraday]] was born in Newington Butts, in 1791. [[Charles Babbage]] the promoter of the first computing machine was born in [[Walworth Road]]; [[William Jowett]], a 19th-century [[missionary]] and [[author]], was born in Newington in 1787,<ref>Goodwin, G., revised by H. C. G. Matthew, 'Jowett, William (1787–1855), missionary', in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford University Press, 2004)</ref> Also born in Newington, in [[Surrey Square]] in 1805, was the English artist [[Samuel Palmer]], as was [[William Swainson]], the ornithologist and natural history artist (1789–1855) and [[Tom Smith (confectioner)|Tom Smith]] (1823–1869),<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/interactive/8860/MDXHO107_1500_1501-0196/2516512?backurl=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/family-tree/person/tree/157232617/person/352067437222/facts/citation/1002092540392/edit/record 1851 England Census for Thos Smith – Middlesex, Islington, Islington East – Ancestry.com {{subscription required}}]</ref> the creator of the [[Christmas cracker]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - A History of the World - Object : Box for Tom Smith's Crackers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/zy6qxjo0RKuCxK-wYug9Lg|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

==Geography==
'''Nearest places:'''
* [[Walworth, London|Walworth]]
* [[Kennington]]
* [[Bermondsey]]
* [[Vauxhall]]

'''Nearest tube stations:'''
* [[Kennington tube station|Kennington]]
* [[Borough tube station|Borough]]
* [[Elephant & Castle tube station|Elephant & Castle]]
* [[Lambeth North tube station|Lambeth North]]
* [[London Bridge tube station|London Bridge]]

'''Nearest railway stations:'''
* [[London Bridge railway station|London Bridge]]
* [[Elephant & Castle railway station|Elephant & Castle]]
* [[London Waterloo railway station|Waterloo]]
* [[Blackfriars railway station|Blackfriars]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hidden-london.com/newington.html Newington, Southwark — Hidden London]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060505235537/http://www.ideal-homes.org.uk/southwark/main/walworth.htm Walworth, Newington and Elephant & Castle suburban development]

{{Metropolitan Board of Works}}

[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Southwark]]
[[Category:Parishes governed by vestries (Metropolis)]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in the London Borough of Southwark]]
[[Category:Former county towns in England]]