Editing Newcastle Brown Ale

{{Short description|Brown ale}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox beverage
| name         = Newcastle Brown Ale
| image        = Newcastle Brown Ale poured in pint glass.jpg
| caption      = Newcastle Brown Ale poured into a pint glass
| type         = [[Brown ale]]
| abv          = 4.7%
| proof        =
| manufacturer = [[Heineken N.V.|Heineken]]
| distributor  = Heineken
| origin       = England
| introduced   = {{start date and age|df=yes|1927}}
| discontinued =
| colour       = Red-brown<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Beer2011">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to Beer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVLHMmplRcC&pg=PA608 |editor-first=Garrett |editor-last=Oliver |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536713-3 |page=608}}</ref>
| flavour      =
| variants     =
| related      =
| website      = {{URL|newcastlebrown.com}}
}}

'''Newcastle Brown Ale''' is a [[brown ale]], originally brewed in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], England.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/6319333/Newcastle-Brown-Ale-to-be-brewed-in-Yorkshire.html Newcastle Brown Ale to be brewed in Yorkshire], ''The Telegraph'', 14 October 2009</ref> It was launched in 1927 by Colonel Jim Porter after three years of development. The 1960 merger of Newcastle Breweries with Scottish Brewers afforded the beer national distribution, and UK sales peaked in the early 1970s.<ref name="ncl">{{cite web |url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/curds/assets/documents/FinalInauguralLectureBooklet-Origination.pdf |title=Origination: How brands are capturing the power of place and why it matters |author=Andy Pike |date=10 November 2010 |access-date=29 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174510/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/curds/assets/documents/FinalInauguralLectureBooklet-Origination.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The beer underwent a resurgence in the late 1980s and early 1990s with [[Students' union|student unions]] selling it.<ref name="ncl"/> Brewing moved in 2005 from Newcastle to [[Dunston, Tyne and Wear]], and in 2010 to [[Tadcaster]]. In 2017, the [[Heineken N.V.|Heineken Brewery]] in [[Zoeterwoude]], Netherlands, also began production. Starting 2019, it has also been brewed by [[Lagunitas Brewing Company]] in Petaluma, California, and Chicago, Illinois, for the American and Canadian market, however the original product has also been available again starting in 2025.

Newcastle Brown Ale is perceived in the UK as a working-man's beer, with a long association with [[heavy industry]]: the traditional economic staple of the [[North East England|North East of England]].<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Beer2011" /> In export markets, it is seen as a trendy, premium import, being predominantly drunk by the young.<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Beer2011" /> It was one of the first beers to be distributed in a clear glass bottle and is most readily associated with this form of bottle in the United Kingdom.

==History==
[[File:Newcastle Brewery - geograph.org.uk - 954044.jpg|thumb|right|Tyne Brewery on Corporation Street, ''circa'' 2006, the [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=loc:54.975162,-1.624402&hl=en&ll=54.972078,-1.621524&spn=0.003048,0.009345&t=h&z=17&layer=c&cbll=54.972147,-1.623347&panoid=lDcUuCMO2NJ2VNxKLOfdSw&cbp=12,236.92,,0,2.17 same location] in 2020]]
===Tyne Brewery, Newcastle===
Newcastle Brown Ale was originally created by Lieutenant Colonel James ('Jim') Herbert Porter (b. 1892, Burton upon Trent), a third-generation brewer at [[Newcastle Breweries]], in 1927. Porter had served in the [[North Staffordshire Regiment]] in the First World War, earning his [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] with [[Medal bar|Bar]], before moving to Newcastle. Porter had refined the recipe for Newcastle Brown Ale alongside chemist Archie Jones over a period of three years.<ref name="Jenkins">{{cite news|last=Jenkins|first=Dan|title=CITY'S STAR HAS FALLEN|newspaper=The Northern Echo|date=28 May 2005}}</ref> When Porter actually completed the beer, he believed it to be a failure, as he had actually been attempting to recreate [[Bass ale]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/cuttings/cuttingpdfs/9793/113_FEATURE%202_NEWCASTLE%20BROWN.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108201014/http://s3.amazonaws.com/cuttings/cuttingpdfs/9793/113_FEATURE%202_NEWCASTLE%20BROWN.pdf |archive-date=8 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The original beer had an [[original gravity]] of 1060º and was 6.25 [[ABV]],<ref>Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/001</ref> and it sold at a premium price of 9 [[shilling]]s for a dozen pint bottles.<ref name="Jenkins"/>

Newcastle Brown Ale went into production at Tyne Brewery in 1927, with Newcastle Breweries having occupied the site since 1890, and brewing on the site dating back to 1868.<ref name=BBC4580171/>

The blue star logo was introduced to the Newcastle Brown Ale bottle in 1928, the year after the beer was launched. The five points of the star represent the five founding breweries of Newcastle.

After the merger of Scottish Brewers with Newcastle Breweries in 1960, Newcastle Brown Ale became a flagship brand of [[Scottish & Newcastle]] alongside [[McEwan's Export]] and Younger's Tartan Special.

By 1997, Scottish and Newcastle claimed that it was the most widely distributed alcoholic product in both [[pubs]] and [[off licences]] in the country.<ref>The Evening Standard (London)  12 February 1997 Wednesday  'NEWKY' ON TAP SECTION: D; Pg. 21</ref>

===Move to Federation Brewery, Gateshead===
Despite investing £16.6 million in a new bottling plant at the Tyne Brewery in 1999,<ref>{{cite news|page=17|title=Bobby opens Geordie bubbly|newspaper=THE JOURNAL (Newcastle, UK)|date=1 December 1999}}</ref> Scottish and Newcastle announced its closure on 22 April 2004, in order to consolidate the brewing of beer and ale at the [[Federation Brewery]] site in Dunston, [[Gateshead]], which was to pass to them with their £7.2m purchase of the Federation Brewery.<ref name=BBC3648627/> The purchase and consolidation at Dunston created the new brewing company, Newcastle Federation Breweries.<ref name=BBC4580171/>

The last production run of Brown Ale in Newcastle came off the Tyne Brewery line in May 2005.<ref name=BBC4580171/> Pre-production trial brews were conducted at Dunston to ensure there was no change in its taste after the move.<ref name=BBC4580171/>

The Tyne Brewery site was bought by a consortium of [[Newcastle University]], [[Newcastle City Council]], and the regional development agency [[One NorthEast]], as part of the wider [[Newcastle Science City]] project.<ref name=BBC4417318/> [[Demolition]] of the former brewery began on 8 March 2007.<ref name=BBC6431255/> The triggering of the controlled demolition of the former Barrack Road bottling plant opposite [[St James' Park]] was ceremonially performed by [[Sir Bobby Robson]] on 22 June 2008.<ref name=BBC7468798/>

===Move to John Smith's Brewery, Tadcaster===
Bottling of Newcastle Brown Ale moved to the [[John Smith's Brewery]] in [[Tadcaster]], North Yorkshire, in 2007.<ref name=BBCTVNews13Oct09 />

Heineken bought Scottish and Newcastle in a joint deal with [[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carlsberg and Heineken buy Scottish & Newcastle |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=4195730&page=1|access-date=13 December 2020|publisher=ABC News}}</ref>

In 2010, Scottish and Newcastle closed the Dunston brewery, moving production of Brown Ale to the John Smiths Brewery in Tadcaster.<ref name=BBC8304274 /> The company cited the general fall in the market for beer, over-capacity in its plants in general, and the fact that the Dunston site was operating at just 60% capacity—despite the fact that sales of Newcastle Brown Ale had never been higher—as reasons for the closure.<ref name=BBC8304274 /><ref name="ncl" /><ref name=BBC8632846 />

In 2015, the caramel colouring, which has been used since the beer was launched,<ref>{{cite web|title=Newcastle Brown Ale Will Stop Using Caramel Coloring, Start Using Roasted Malts Instead|url=https://firstwefeast.com/drink/2015/02/newcastle-brown-ale-will-stop-using-caramel-coloring-start-using-roasted-malts-instead|access-date=13 December 2020|website=First We Feast}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=7 February 2015|title=Newcastle Brown Ale: Recipe change amid US colouring concerns|agency=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-31196933|access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref><!-- specifically, the next citation states that it formerly used roasted malt. --> was removed for health reasons.<ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/01/26/newcastle-ale-heineken-beer-brewer-caramel-coloring/22371053/|title=Newcastle removing caramel coloring|website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112054136/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/01/26/newcastle-ale-heineken-beer-brewer-caramel-coloring/22371053/|archive-date=12 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Instead, roasted malt was used to darken the beer.<ref name="usatoday.com" />

===Move to Zoeterwoude Brewery, the Netherlands===
In 2017, Heineken moved some production from the John Smith's Brewery, Tadcaster, to the Zoeterwoude Brewery in the Netherlands. The company claimed this would allow for shorter order lead times and faster transportation to the U.S. and allow distributors to purchase by the pallet rather than the container.<ref name="chilledmagazine.com">{{cite web|url=http://chilledmagazine.com/newcastle-brown-ale-unveils-new-look|title=Newcastle Brown Ale Unveils New Look|date=15 November 2017|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093428/http://chilledmagazine.com/newcastle-brown-ale-unveils-new-look|archive-date=13 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the company started making a different version in America and ceased importing Brown Ale from Europe. Newcastle Brown Ale is still brewed in Tadcaster, Yorkshire, for the UK and some EU markets, and also in the Netherlands for the export market. Lagunitas Brewing Company (a Heineken subsidiary) produces a product named Newcastle Brown Ale for the US domestic market.  The recipe for this variation has a noticeably different taste compared to the original.

==Production and distribution==
Newcastle Brown Ale is brewed with [[pale malt]] and [[crystal malt]].<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.topbeer.se/2011/10/newcastle-brown-ale-rachel-brew-master.html|title=Newcastle Brown Ale & Rachel The Brew master ~ Top Beer<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110122050/http://www.topbeer.se/2011/10/newcastle-brown-ale-rachel-brew-master.html|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It has a lower hopping rate than traditional English bitters.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The beer is one of the United Kingdom's leading bottled ales and is in the top 20 highest-selling ales overall, selling around {{convert|100000|hL|abbr=on}} annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newcastlebrown.com/toaa/our_story/index.php?section%3Dtale_of_an_ale |access-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918071842/http://newcastlebrown.com/toaa/our_story/index.php?section=tale_of_an_ale |archive-date=18 September 2008 |title=Newcastle Brown Ale Our Story }}</ref> At the time of brewing moving to Dunston in 2005, Newcastle Brown was being exported to 41 countries.<ref name=BBC4580171/> At times, over half of the brewery's output is directed overseas to the U.S.<ref name=S&N/> In 2010, more than {{convert|640000|hL|abbr=on}} of the beer were sold in the United States, more than double the 2001 total.<ref>Euromonitor 2011</ref>{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=May 2012}} Newcastle Brown Ale left the United States in 2019. A product labelled “Newcastle Brown Ale” is still sold but it is produced by [[Lagunitas Brewing Company]] and has little in common with the original product.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|url=https://lagunitas.com/story/newcastle|title=NEWCASTLE BROWN ALE BEING BREWED AT LAGUNITAS|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131182437/https://lagunitas.com/story/newcastle|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The original product returned to the United States in 2025.

In Canada and France ([[Brittany]]), the beer is available in short and tall bottles and in cans. The beer is also available in British-themed pubs as a [[draught beer]] in Australia and New Zealand, brewed in the UK and imported by World Brands Australia Pty Ltd. The UK-brewed bottled, kegs, and cans are widely available in Australian liquor outlets as part of their international range. It is also popular in Canada, available on draught at many British-themed pubs.

==Names and phrases==
[[Image:Bottle of Newcastle Brown Ale poured.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A glass of Newcastle Brown Ale]]
In 2000, the beer was renamed "Newcastle Brown" with the "Ale" being removed from the front label. This change, only in the UK, was due to market research claiming that the term "ale" was outdated and costing the company sales in the youth drinking markets. The older name was reinstated with no fanfare in 2004, when it was realised that the change had made no difference to sales.<ref name=Journal13Dec04/>

In the North East, Newcastle Brown Ale is often given the nickname "Dog", alluding to the British euphemism of [[See a man about a dog|seeing a man about a dog]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Last orders |url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/last-orders-1466093 |newspaper=[[Evening Chronicle]] |date=25 January 2008 |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023155629/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/last-orders-1466093 |archive-date=23 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is also known as Broon, "brown" pronounced in the [[Geordie]] dialect. Elsewhere in the UK, it is known as Newkie Brown.

<!--==Pop culture ==
In [[Tommy (1975 movie)|Tommy]], the character of Uncle Ernie (played by [[Keith Moon]]) is seen drinking a pint glass of Newcastle Brown Ale.
-->

==Serving==
[[File:Geordie Schooner.jpg|thumb|right|The Geordie [[Schooner (glass)|Schooner]]]]
Newcastle Brown Ale is traditionally sold in Britain in {{convert|1|imppt|ml USoz|0|adj=on}} and, more recently, {{convert|550|ml|imppt|adj=on}} bottles. Typically, the ale is consumed from a {{convert|12|impoz|ml USoz|adj=on}} Wellington glass.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newcastle Brown Ale - Scottish & Newcastle Breweries : BreweryDB.com|url=https://www.brewerydb.com/beer/7ET5OY|access-date=13 December 2020|website=www.brewerydb.com}}</ref> This allows the drinker to regularly top-up the beer and thereby maintain a frothy "head". In the United States, it is sold in {{convert|12|USoz|ml|adj=on}} servings. In April 2010, Heineken USA introduced the Wellington glass, branded as the "[[Geordie]] [[Schooner (glass)|Schooner]]," for Newcastle Brown Ale consumers in America. The glass features a [[Nucleation|nucleated]] base.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.forbes.com/booze/2010/05/17/meet-the-geordie-schooner/|work=Forbes|first=David M.|last=Ewalt|title=Meet The Geordie Schooner|access-date=1 February 2015|date=17 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722104804/http://blogs.forbes.com/booze/2010/05/17/meet-the-geordie-schooner/|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Association with the North East==
Like many British breweries, Newcastle Brown is strongly associated with its local area, in this case [[North East England|north east England]]. While the name provides a lot of this, the sponsorship of [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] and the depiction of the [[River Tyne]] in the blue star has helped ensure its association. Its local provenance gave the brand an association with "hardy, working class traditions and values".<ref name="ncl"/>

Under European Union [[Protected Geographical Status]] laws introduced in 1992, the name Newcastle Brown Ale was registered as a [[Protected Geographical Indication]] in 2000.<ref name=BBC656925/> In 2007, this was removed when brewing of the beer moved away from its place of origin to Tadcaster in Yorkshire. The company was not obliged to make a formal application to cancel it, but not move its production outside the area designated in its PGI application years before.<ref name=EU9Aug07/>

The closure of S&N's Dunston brewery in 2010 left [[Camerons Brewery]] in [[Hartlepool]] as the only remaining significant volume brewery in the [[North East of England]].<ref name=BBCTVNews13Oct09/>

==Variations==
===Special editions===
When the Australian brewer [[Elders IXL]] launched a takeover bid for Scottish and Newcastle, locals of Newcastle began the "Keep Us on Top!" campaign. As a sign of solidarity, the Newcastle Brown label was inverted until the takeover was quashed.<ref>{{Cite news |title=TimesMachine: Wednesday October 19, 1988 - NYTimes.com |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1988/10/19/issue.html |access-date=2025-03-05 |work=The New York Times |language=en |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 2005, the last 3,000 bottles produced in Newcastle were given commemorative labels "121 years of brewing history, last bottles produced at Tyne Brewery April 2005." and given to the brewery staff.<ref name=BBC4580171/>

In 2006, a special production run of 2.5 million bottles celebrated the career of [[Newcastle United F.C|Newcastle United]] striker [[Alan Shearer]], who had recently broken the club's scoring record and was about to retire from football. The brewery produced the special editions featuring Newcastle United's black and white stripes and Shearer's portrait, in exchange for a donation to Shearer's testimonial match, and they went on sale from 17 April that year.<ref name=BBC4915898/>

In 2007, a special edition was released to celebrate local rock band [[Maxïmo Park]]. The label was designed by the band and the beer released to coincide with the band's concert at Newcastle [[Metro Radio Arena]] on 15 December. Also in 2007, a special 80th anniversary themed bottle was distributed.

In 2013, Newcastle partnered with [[Taxi Magic]] to brew a [[Dark Ale|Black Ale]] called ''Newcastle Cabbie'' as part of an Anti-Drunk Driving campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.marketwired.com/press-release/newcastle-introduces-limited-edition-cabbie-black-ale-launches-taxi-magic-partnership-1852526.htm|title=Newcastle Introduces Limited-Edition Cabbie Black Ale, Launches Taxi Magic Partnership to Promote Responsible Consumption|website=m.marketwired.com|access-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164001/http://m.marketwired.com/press-release/newcastle-introduces-limited-edition-cabbie-black-ale-launches-taxi-magic-partnership-1852526.htm|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Other Newcastle brands===
Newcastle Exhibition is a draught pasteurised keg beer (4.3% ABV) first introduced in 1929 and commonly found around the Newcastle area.<ref>[http://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/services/exhibitions/so/parks.php University Library – Special Collections – Services – Exhibitions – So Thats Why Its Called – - Newcastle University<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929083316/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/services/exhibitions/so/parks.php |date=29 September 2012 }}</ref>

Newcastle Amber Ale  (1032 OG) was a [[light ale]] available until the 1980s. It was a diluted version of Exhibition. Amber Ale and a much stronger aged [[stock beer]] were formerly blended to create Newcastle Brown Ale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/General-News/Heritage-means-little-to-the-marketing-men|title=Heritage means little to the marketing men<!-- Bot generated title -->|date=23 March 2011 |access-date=12 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502221444/http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/General-News/Heritage-means-little-to-the-marketing-men|archive-date=2 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> This method was discontinued sometime before the brand was moved to Dunston.

Newcastle Star was a strong bottled beer (7.5% ABV) available from 1999 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ratebeer.com/beer/newcastle-star/7064/ |title=Newcastle Star – 53 at RateBeer |access-date=29 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131165439/http://www.ratebeer.com/beer/newcastle-star/7064 |archive-date=31 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, Heineken USA launched Newcastle Summer Ale in bottles. In 2011, Heineken USA launched Newcastle Werewolf (fall ale) and Winter IPA. In 2012, Heineken USA will introduce Newcastle Founders ale (an Extra Special Bitter style) as their spring seasonal.

In 2012, Summer Ale (4.4%) and Founder's Ale (4.8%) were launched in [[Tesco]] across the UK.<ref>[http://www.broonale.co.uk/Main.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828082200/http://www.broonale.co.uk/Main.html|date=28 August 2013}}</ref>

In winter 2012, Newcastle winter ale (5.2%) and Newcastle nocturnal ale (4.5%) were also launched in [[Tesco]] stores across the UK.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|
refs=
<ref name=BBC8632846>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/8632846.stm
|title=Closure deadline for Brown Ale plant in Gateshead
|work=BBC News
|date=21 April 2010
|access-date=23 April 2010
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBC656925>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/656925.stm
|title=Newcastle toasts brown ale success
|work=BBC News
|date=25 February 2000
|access-date=13 October 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBC3648627>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3648627.stm
|title=S&N to close Newcastle brewery
|work=BBC News
|date=22 April 2004
|access-date=13 October 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040719221402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3648627.stm
|archive-date=19 July 2004
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=Journal13Dec04>{{cite news |url=http://icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/thejournal/tm_objectid=14973056&method=full&siteid=50081&headline=ale-s-well-again-for-newcastle-brown-name_page.html |last=Gibson |first=Neil |title=Ale's well again for Newcastle Brown |work=[[The Journal (North East England)|The Journal]] |publisher=icNewcastle.co.uk |date=13 December 2004 |access-date=28 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210184812/http://icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/thejournal/tm_objectid%3D14973056%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D50081%26headline%3Dale-s-well-again-for-newcastle-brown-name_page.html |archive-date=10 February 2009  }}</ref>

<ref name=BBC4580171>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/4580171.stm
|title=Last orders for landmark brewery
|work=BBC News
|date=27 May 2005
|access-date=13 October 2009
|first=Rachel
|last=Kerr
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211639/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/4580171.stm
|archive-date=18 February 2009
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBC4417318>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/4417318.stm
|title=Science plans for Brown Ale site
|work=BBC News
|date=8 November 2005
|access-date=13 October 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBC4915898>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/4915898.stm
|title=Shearer brown ale bottle honour
|work=BBC News
|date=17 April 2006
|access-date=13 October 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424092514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/4915898.stm
|archive-date=24 April 2008
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBC6431255>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/6431255.stm
|title=Time called on historic landmark
|work=BBC News
|date=8 March 2007
|access-date=13 October 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name=S&N>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish-newcastle.com/snplc/brands/interbrands/ncbrownale |title=Scottish And Newcastle: Newcastle Brown Ale |access-date=11 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061229112845/http://www.scottish-newcastle.com/snplc/brands/interbrands/ncbrownale/ |archive-date=29 December 2006 }}
</ref>

<ref name=EU9Aug07>{{cite web
 | title= Commission Regulation (EC) No 952/2007 of 9 August 2007 cancelling a registration of a name in the Register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications (Newcastle Brown Ale (PGI))
 | work= Official Journal
 | publisher= European Commission
 | date= 9 August 2007
 | url= https://www.fsai.ie/uploadedFiles/Legislation/Legislation_Update/Reg952_2007.pdf
 | access-date= 9 November 2007
 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130922111017/http://www.fsai.ie/uploadedFiles/Legislation/Legislation_Update/Reg952_2007.pdf
 | archive-date= 22 September 2013
 | url-status= live
 }}</ref>

<ref name=BBC7468798>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/7468798.stm
|title=Sir Bobby blasts Brown Ale plant
|work=BBC News
|date=23 June 2008
|access-date=13 October 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBC8304274>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/8304274.stm
|title=Closure plan for Brown Ale plant
|work=BBC News
|date=13 October 2009
|access-date=13 October 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name=BBCTVNews13Oct09>BBC Television News, 13 October 2008</ref>

}}
* ''Good Company: The Story of Scottish and Newcastle'', Berry Ritchie and Susannah May, James & James (Publishers) Ltd (September 1999), {{ISBN|0-907383-08-4}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{official website|http://newcastlebrown.com}}

{{Heineken International}}
[[Category:Heineken brands]]
[[Category:Beer brands of England]]
[[Category:1927 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1927]]
[[Category:Geordie cuisine]]
[[Category:Culture in Newcastle upon Tyne]]