Editing New College, Oxford

{{short description|College of the University of Oxford}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox residential college
| name            = New College
| university      = [[University of Oxford]]
| photo           = [[File:Chapel_and_Cloisters,_New_College.jpg|290px]]
| caption         = The chapel and the cloisters
| scarf           = {{Scarf/University of Oxford |New College}}
| full_name       = St Mary's College of Winchester in Oxford
| latin_name      = Collegium Novum/ Collegium Beatae Mariae Wynton in Oxon<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/colleges-st-mary-winton-collection |title=Colleges of St Mary Winton Collection  |website=New College, Oxford |access-date=15 August 2019 |quote=Cartae de Fundatione Collegii Beatae Mariae Wynton in Oxon, A.D. MCCCLXXIX (1879)}}</ref>
| named_for       = [[St. Mary]]
| motto           = Manners Makyth Man
| established     = {{start date and age|1379}}
| sister_colleges = [[Winchester College]] and
[[King's College, Cambridge]]
| warden          = [[Miles Young<!--DO NOT CHANGE THIS WITHOUT UPDATING CITATION-->]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/college-officers |title=College Officers |publisher=New College, Oxford |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
| undergraduates = 430<!--DO NOT CHANGE THIS WITHOUT UPDATING CITATION--><ref name=About>{{cite web |title=About Us |publisher=New College, Oxford |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/about-us |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> (2023)
| graduates      = 360<ref name=About/>
| endowment      = £347.7 million <small>(2021)</small><ref name="new2021">{{cite web|url=http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2021/New.pdf |title=New College: Annual Report and Financial Statements: Year ended 31 July 2021|website= ox.ac.uk |page=10 |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref>
| location       = [[Holywell Street, Oxford|Holywell Street]] and [[New College Lane]]
| coordinates    = {{coord|51.754277|-1.251288|display=inline,title}}
| location_map   = Oxford (central)
| shield         = Arms of Wykeham.svg
| blazon         = Arms of New College Oxford (arms of William of Wykeham): ''Argent, two chevronels sable between three roses gules barbed and seeded proper''.
| homepage       = {{URL|www.new.ox.ac.uk/}}
| events         = [[Commemoration ball]]
| grace          = Benedictus benedicat. ''May the Blessed One give a blessing'' 
Benedicto benedicatur. ''Let praise be given to the Blessed One''
|shield_size     = 135px|founder=[[William of Wykeham]]}}

'''New College''' is a [[Colleges of the University of Oxford|constituent college]] of the [[University of Oxford]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=New College: University of Oxford |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/colleges/college-listing/new-college |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=www.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1379 by Bishop [[William of Wykeham]] in conjunction with [[Winchester College]] as New College's feeder school, New College was one of the first colleges in the university to admit and tutor undergraduate students. 

The college is in the centre of Oxford, between [[Holywell Street, Oxford|Holywell Street]] and [[New College Lane]] (known for [[Bridge of Sighs (Oxford)|Oxford's Bridge of Sighs]]). Its sister college is [[King's College, Cambridge]]. The [[Choir of New College Oxford|choir of New College]] has recorded over one hundred albums, and has won two [[Gramophone Award]]s.

== History ==
Despite its name, New College is one of the oldest of the Oxford colleges<!--7th of 39-->; it was founded in 1379 by [[William of Wykeham]], [[Bishop of Winchester]], as "Saint Mary College of Winchester in Oxenford", with both graduates and undergraduates.<ref name="stat">{{cite web |title=Statutes Made for the College of Saint Mary of Winchester in Oxford, Commonly Called New College, in Pursuance of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act 1923 |year=2016 |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-02/New-College-statutes.pdf |quote=His statutes provided for a college comprising a warden and 70 fellows, both graduates and, a novelty at the time, undergraduates.}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web |title=The History of New College |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/new-college-history |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=68-69}}  It became known as "New College" because there was already a college dedicated to St Mary in Oxford ([[Oriel College]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The history of New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/new-college-history |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=New College - Oxford}}</ref>

=== Foundation ===
{{see|Architecture of Winchester College}}

In 1379 William of Wykeham decided to found a college. He applied to [[King Richard II]] for a royal charter permitting the foundation.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=17}} In addition, he wrote a charter of his own, requiring his college to have a warden and seventy scholars. He purchased the necessary land in separate lots from the City of Oxford, [[Merton College]] and [[The Queen's College, Oxford|Queen's College]]. The area had been the City Ditch, a dangerous place by the city's wall; it had been used within living memory for burials during the [[Black Death in England|Black Death]].{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=25–26}}

The college was founded the same year in conjunction with a feeder school, [[Winchester College]] (founded 1382, opened 1394).<ref name="History"/><ref name="Winchester College Heritage">{{cite web |title=Winchester College: Heritage |url=https://www.winchestercollege.org/welcome/heritage |publisher=Winchester College |access-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126150709/https://www.winchestercollege.org/welcome/heritage |archive-date=26 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> The two institutions have striking architectural similarities: both were the work of master mason [[William Wynford]].<ref name="Hayter 1970">{{cite book |last=Hayter |first=William Goodenough |author-link=William Hayter (diplomat) |title=William of Wykeham: Patron of the Arts |date=1970 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |page=75}}</ref> The first stone was laid on 5 March 1380. The college had occupied the buildings by 14 April 1386.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=17–18}} William of Wykeham then drew up the statutes of the college.<ref name="History"/> The coat of arms of the college is William of Wykeham's. It features two black chevrons, one said to have been added when he became a bishop and the other possibly representing his skill with architecture, since the chevron was a device used by masons. Winchester College uses the same arms.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=22}} The college's [[motto]], created by William of Wykeham, is "Manners Makyth Man".<ref name="History"/>

New College was established to have prayers said for William of Wykeham's soul. He instructed that there were to be ten chaplains, three clerks and a [[choir]] of 16 choristers on the foundation of the college.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/OxfordNewCollege.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050109033344/http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/OxfordNewCollege.htm |archive-date=9 January 2005 |title=History of Oxford New College School |access-date=4 January 2009 |publisher=Of Choristers – ancient and modern }}</ref> 

As well as being one of the first Oxford colleges to take undergraduates and to appoint tutors to teach them,{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=68-69}}<ref name=VCHNew>{{cite book |editor-last1=Salter |editor-first1=H E |editor-last2=Lobel |editor-first2=Mary D. |title=A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3, the University of Oxford |date=1954 |publisher=Victoria County History |location=London |pages=144–162 |chapter=New College |chapter-url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp144-162 |quote=Most previous colleges had been designed to enable graduates to proceed to higher degrees. New College was primarily designed to take undergraduates through their arts course;}}</ref> New College was the first in Oxford to be deliberately designed around a main [[Quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangle]].<ref name=VCHNew /> The college was about as large as all of the (six) existing Oxford colleges combined.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salter |first1=Herbert Edward |title=Medieval Oxford |date=1936 |publisher=Oxford Historical Society |location=Oxford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSktAAAAMAAJ |page=97 |quote=I estimate that in 1360 the six colleges which then existed would contain about 10 undergraduates, 23 bachelors and 40 masters.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cobban |first1=Alan B. |title=The Medieval English Universities |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zorDwAAQBAJ |page=122 |isbn=9781351885805 |quote=prior to the virtual doubling of the number of fellowships with the foundation of New College in 1379, the six secular colleges supplied a total of only about 63 graduate fellows.}}</ref>

=== Civil wars ===
The Royalists used the cloisters and bell tower to store munitions early in the [[English Civil War]]. In August 1651, the college was fortified by Parliamentarian forces. In 1685, [[Monmouth Rebellion|Monmouth's rebellion]] involved Robert Sewster, a fellow of the college, who commanded a company of university volunteers, mostly from New College; they exercised on the bowling green.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=72–73}}

=== Academic ===
Students at New College were until 1834 exempt from taking the university's examinations for the BA and (in earlier times) the MA degrees, and were also ineligible for honours, though they still had to take the college's own tests. The college used to have a reputation for "Golden scholars, silver bachelors, leaden masters and wooden doctors."{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=52-54, 57}} More recently, like many of Oxford's colleges, New College admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after six centuries as an institution for men only.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.new.ox.ac.uk/college-history |title=The History of New College |publisher=New College |access-date=4 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413043446/http://www.new.ox.ac.uk/college-history |archive-date=13 April 2018 }}</ref>

In 2022, students at New College scored [[Norrington Table#Recent rankings|75.5]] on the [[Norrington Table]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/facts-and-figures/undergraduate-degree-classifications|title=Undergraduate Degree Classifications {{!}} University of Oxford|website=www.ox.ac.uk|accessdate=28 July 2024}}</ref>

The choristers were originally accommodated within the walls of the college, under one schoolmaster. Since then the school has expanded; in 1903 the choristers moved to [[New College School]] in Savile Road.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newcollege.oxon.sch.uk/subs.php?page=history |title=New College School, Oxford |access-date=4 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606111602/http://www.newcollege.oxon.sch.uk/subs.php?page=history |archive-date=6 June 2013}}</ref>

== College links ==
{{see|List of Oxbridge sister colleges}}

[[King Henry VI]] is said to have established his own new colleges, [[King's College, Cambridge]], and [[Eton College]], either in admiration of William of Wykeham's twinned institutions of New College and Winchester College, or at least to have modified his plans to outdo them.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=62}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infobritain.co.uk/Henry_The_Sixth.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026213450/http://www.infobritain.co.uk/Henry_The_Sixth.htm |archive-date=26 October 2007 |title=Travel Through History — Henry VI}}</ref>

New College and Winchester College have from the mid 15th century been formally linked to Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, a four-way relationship known as the ''Amicabilis Concordia''.<ref>{{cite web |title=King's College Publication Scheme |url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/contactsAndLegal/KingsCollegePublicationScheme/part1.html |publisher=[[King's College, Cambridge]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928132817/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/contactsAndLegal/KingsCollegePublicationScheme/part1.html |archive-date=28 September 2006}}</ref>{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=61}} King's and New College are sister colleges.<ref>{{cite web |title=King's College |url=https://www.cambridge-colleges.co.uk/kings-college/ |website=Cambridge Colleges |access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

== Buildings and gardens ==

At the time of its foundation, the college was a grand example of the "[[Perpendicular Gothic|perpendicular style]]".<ref name="p26">{{harvnb|Prickard|1906|pp=26-32}}</ref> With the evolution of the college over the centuries, it has regularly added to its original quadrangle. The upper storey of the quad was added in the sixteenth century as attics which, in 1674, were replaced by a third storey proper as seen today. The oval turf at the centre of the quad is an eighteenth-century addition.<ref name="p26"/> 
Many of its [[listed building |buildings are listed]] as being of special architectural or historical importance.{{efn|1=Buildings listed as being of special architectural or historical importance by the public body [[Historic England]]:
* {{NHLE |num=1369707 |desc=WALL, SOUTH OF BASTION 15 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046610 |desc=WALL TO EAST OF BELL TOWER |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046611 |desc=BASTION 12 IN NEW COLLEGE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046612 |desc=BASTION 13 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046613 |desc=WALL SOUTH OF BASTION 14 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046686 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, WEST RANGE, GREAT QUADRANGLE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046687 |desc=NEW COLLEGE OXFORD, CLOISTER (TO WEST OF CHAPEL) |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046688 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, NORTH RANGE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046689 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, IRON SCREEN |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1046690 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, TUTORS HOUSE (TO THE EAST OF THE PANDY) |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1184453 |desc=WALL TO EAST OF BASTION 11 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1184468 |desc=WALL EAST OF BASTION 12 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1184494 |desc=BASTION 14, ON NORTH EAST ANGLE OF WALL |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1184504 |desc=BASTION 15 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1200417 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, SOUTH RANGE, GREAT QUADRANGLE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1200433 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, NORTH RANGE HALL, KITCHEN AND CHAPEL, GREAT QUADRANGLE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1200452 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, BELL TOWER |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1300694 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, BOUNDARY WALL FRONTING NEW COLLEGE LANE AND QUEENS LANE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1300697 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, NEW BUILDINGS |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1300731 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, SOUTH RANGE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1369665 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, EAST RANGE, GREAT QUADRANGLE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1369666 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, THE WARDENS BARN |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1369667 |desc=NEW COLLEGE, THE LONGHOUSE |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1369705 |desc=BASTION 11 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1369706 |desc=WALL, EAST OF BASTION 13 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
* {{NHLE |num=1369707 |desc=WALL, SOUTH OF BASTION 15 |access-date=18 September 2016 |ref=none}}
}} 

The initial building phase saw the construction of the Great Quad with the Gate Tower, the dining hall with the four-storeyed Muniment Tower for access, the chapel, the cloisters (consecrated as a burial site in 1400) with the four-storeyed bell tower (1400), along with the Warden's Barn in New College Lane (1402) and the Long Room (behind the SE corner of the Great Quad), purpose-built as a [[garderobe]].{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=166-169, 172-173}} 

The three-sided Garden Quadrangle, open at one end and begun by the addition of The Chequer to the east of the Great Quad in 1449, was completed in two stages between 1682 and 1707. Further college expansion led to the formation of Holywell Quad in the 19th century. A range known as 'New Buildings' was built along Holywell Street between 1872 and 1896, partly by [[George Gilbert Scott]] in [[High Victorian Gothic|High Victorian]] style (1872), and partly, including the Robinson Tower over the entrance gates, by [[Basil Champneys]] in [[Late-Victorian|late Victorian]] style (1885, 1896).{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=173-174}}<ref name="Our living heritage">{{cite web |title=Our living heritage |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/our-living-heritage |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>

New College is building a new development on its Savile Road site, next to New College School. The Gradel Quadrangles were designed by [[David Kohn Architects]] and received planning permission in June 2018. They will provide an additional 99 student rooms, additional dining and kitchen space, a flexible learning hub and a performance venue.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gradel Quadrangles |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/gradel-quadrangles |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> 

The tower of Gradel Quadrangles  features several carved animal figures, symbolizing endangered species. Additional animal carvings adorn the parapets, reflecting a shift in architectural symbolism from colonial exploration to contemporary environmental concerns.<ref name=guard>{{cite news |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |title=A tower topped with a pangolin! The Oxford university building inspired by Tolkien … and the pandemic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/apr/01/a-tower-topped-with-a-pangolin-the-oxford-university-building-inspired-by-tolkien-and-the-pandemic |website=The Guardian |date=2025-04-01 |access-date=2025-04-02}}</ref> Upper diamond-shaped windows allude to [[Melnikov House]] in [[Moscow]], a seminal project of the [[Russian_avant-garde#Architects|Soviet avant garde]].<ref name=guard/> In 2022, [[Sir Robert McAlpine]] was proceeding with construction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Richard Bayfield, Project Director, New College, talks about the collaboration with Sir Robert McAlpine |url=https://www.srm.com/news-and-comment/gradel-quadrangles-oxford/ |publisher=[[Sir Robert McAlpine]] |access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed>
File:New College garden front Oxford England.jpg|Photo-chrome of Garden Quad
File:New College Oxford 20040124.jpg|[[Holywell Street, Oxford|Holywell Street]]: Scott Buildings and Robinson Tower 
File:Newcollege wall-hall-chapel.jpg|The Chapel and old city wall from Holywell Quad
File:New College, Oxford (Pic 1).jpg| Front Quad 
File:New College's Gradel Quads, Mansfield Road, nearing completion March 2024.jpg|Gradel Quadrangles, Mansfield Road, nearing completion, March 2024
</gallery>

=== Hall ===

The hall is the dining room of the college and its dimensions are eighty feet by forty feet (24 m × 12 m). In his charter, Wykeham forbade wrestling, dancing and all noisy games in the hall due to the close proximity of the college chapel and the lodgings below the hall; he further prescribed the use of Latin in conversation.<ref name="p26"/> The [[linenfold]] panelling was added while [[Archbishop Warham]] was bursar. The floor was paved with marble in 1722. By the end of the 18th century, the open oak roof had been replaced by a ceiling. When the [[Junior Common Room]] offered £1000 to restore the hall roof, work began in 1865 under the architect [[George Gilbert Scott]] to create the current roof. The plain windows were replaced with [[stained glass]], and the portraits were relocated.<ref name="p26"/> The hall underwent a major restoration project in 2015.<ref name="Buildings">{{cite web |title=Our Buildings |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/our-buildings |publisher=New College |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed>
File:New College, Oxford (3915166725).jpg|Hall
</gallery>

=== Chapel & cloisters ===

The chapel was based on the plan of [[Merton College|Merton Chapel]].{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=169}} The transepts and tower that made Merton Chapel T-shaped were omitted, and a screen separated the main chapel from the [[ante-chapel]]. The medieval interior was modified after the [[Reformation]], with the removal of secondary altars, the rood loft, and the reredos' statues, the reredos being covered in plaster.<ref name="Goodall 2019">{{cite web |last=Goodall |first=John |title=New College, Oxford: The 650-year story of the college that dreamt it was a palace |url=https://www.countrylife.co.uk/architecture/new-college-oxford-650-year-story-college-dreamt-palace-206657 |publisher=Country Life |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
Much of the medieval stained glass in the ante-chapel was restored in a 20-year project which was commended in the 2007 Oxford Preservation Trust Environmental Awards.<ref name="Magnificent Seven">{{Cite web |title=Glazier's Magnificent Seven |date=8 February 2008 |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/2031345.glaziers-magnificent-seven/ |access-date=22 February 2019 |publisher=oxfordtimes.co.uk}}</ref> The chapel contains a statue of [[Lazarus of Bethany|Lazarus]] by [[Sir Jacob Epstein]]<ref name="Treasures"/><ref name="Goodall 2019"/> and a painting by [[El Greco]].<ref name="NYT 9 May 1982"/><ref name="Treasures Gallery">{{Cite web |title=Treasures and Chattels Gallery |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/treasures-gallery |access-date=28 February 2019 |publisher=new.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> Some of the stained glass windows, including the Great West Window, were designed by the 18th-century portraitist [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]].<ref name="NYT 9 May 1982">{{Cite news |date=9 May 1982 |title=New York Times Guide |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E4DC1438F93AA35756C0A964948260&sec=travel&spon=&pagewanted=all |access-date=20 May 2010}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed>
File:New College Chapel Reredos.jpg|Chapel [[reredos]]
File:New-college-chapel.jpg|The Chapel, looking towards the altar
File:El Greco - St James the Greater OU NEW NCO 179799-001.jpg|Painting of [[James the Great|St James the Greater]] by [[El Greco]], {{circa|1600}}
</gallery>

The choir stalls contain a "splendid set"<ref name="Goodall 2019"/> of 62 14th-century [[misericord]]s.<ref name=VCHNew/><!--<ref name="Steer 1973">{{cite book |last=Steer |first=Francis W. |title=Misericords at New College, Oxford |publisher=Phillimore |publication-place=London |date=1973 |isbn=0-85033-114-5 | oclc=1659997}}</ref>--><ref>{{cite web |title=The Elaine C. Block Database of Misericords |url=https://ima.princeton.edu/digital-image-collections/collection/block/location?l=1493&page=1 |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> 
The niches of the [[reredos]], which had been plastered over, were uncovered in the 1780s, and were fitted with statues by [[George Gilbert Scott|Sir Gilbert Scott]] in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Chapel Reredos |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/4NCN8%20Chapel%20reredos.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618092822/https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/4NCN8%20Chapel%20reredos.pdf |archive-date=18 June 2014 |access-date=23 April 2023 |pages=1–6}}</ref> The chapel preserves the Founder's [[Crosier]], a bishop's staff decorated with enamel and silver gilt; it resembles a crosier at [[Cologne Cathedral]].<ref name="NYT 9 May 1982"/>{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=39}}

The cloisters, containing a large holm oak tree, sit by the western wall of the Chapel, were featured in ''[[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)|Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire]]'', in the scene in which Draco Malfoy is turned into a white ferret.<ref name="Buildings"/> 
Michael Darbie recast the original five bells of the bell tower into eight in 1655, creating the first set of eight to be cast simultaneously.<ref name="OSCR"/> In 1712, two more bells were added, supposedly to outmatch Magdalen College's new ring of eight bells created in that year.<ref name="OSCR"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Oxford, Oxfordshire, New College |url=https://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=oxford&Submit=++Go++&page=2&DoveID=OXFORD+CNE |website=Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> The bells are rung by the [[Oxford Society of Change Ringers]].<ref name="OSCR">{{cite web |title=New College |url=https://www.oxfordsociety.org.uk/towers/new-college/ |publisher=[[Oxford Society of Change Ringers]] |access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed>
File:New College Cloisters, Oxford, July 24, 2023.jpg|The Cloisters, exterior
File:New College, Oxford (Pic 2).jpg|The Cloisters, interior
File:Oxford men and their colleges - The Cloister, New College.png|Drawing of the Cloisters and Chapel
</gallery>

=== Gardens and city wall ===

The Middle Gateway opens to the Garden Quadrangle.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|pp=40–41}} The gardens include a mound that was first arranged in 1594 (with steps added in 1649,{{sfn|Sherwood|Pevsner|1974|p=174}} but now smooth with one set of stairs). In a 1761 edition of ''Pocket Companion for Oxford'' the mound is described:

: "In the middle of the Garden is a beautiful Mount with an easy ascent to the top of it, and the Walks around it, as well as the Summit of it, guarded with Yew Hedges. The Area before the Mount being divided into four Quarters, [..] the King's Arms, [..] opposite to it the Founder's; in the third a Sun Dial; and the Fourth, a Garden-Knot, all planted in Box, and neatly cut."

When [[William of Wykeham]] acquired the land on which to build the college, he agreed to maintain the city wall.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=53}} The [[herbaceous border]] that runs alongside the wall is mentioned in [[Historic England]]'s listing of the garden.<ref>{{cite web |title=New College |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1001100?section=official-list-entry |publisher=[[Historic England]] |access-date=23 April 2023 |quote=Official list entry  Heritage Category: Park and Garden  Grade: I  List Entry Number: 1001100  Date first listed: 01-Jun-1984}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed>
File:Newcollege gate to gardens.jpg|The Gate in Garden Quad
File:Oxford - New College.jpg|Old city wall in the College gardens
File:New College, Oxford mound.jpg|The Garden Mound
</gallery>

=== Sports ground ===
The [[New College Ground|New College sports ground]] south of the [[University Parks]] was established in the 1880s.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Jubilee Book of Cricket |first=K. S. |last=Ranjitsinhji |date=1897 |publisher=Good Press |page=318 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Jubilee_Book_of_Cricket/Chapter_8}}</ref>{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=89}} The Weston buildings, which accommodate postgraduate students, were built next to the ground in 1999.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graham |first1=Malcolm |title=Oxford Heritage Walks Book 3 |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford Preservation Trust |isbn=978-0957679726 |page=18 |url=https://www.oxfordpreservation.org.uk/sites/www.oxfordpreservation.org.uk/files/Book%203%20-%20footnoted%20text%20MG_0.pdf |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref>

=== Treasures ===

The college treasures include paintings and a substantial silver collection.<ref name="Treasures">{{cite web |title=College Treasures |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/treasures-and-chattels |publisher=New College Oxford |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> The library contains a copy of the first printed edition of Aristotle.<ref name="p26"/> A [[Barbara Hepworth]] statue stands by the City Wall<!-- in front of the 1960s Sacher Building-->.<ref name="Buildings"/>

== Music ==

=== Choir ===
{{main|Choir of New College Oxford}}

[[File:Oxford Philomusica2977b.jpg|thumb|upright|New College Choir recording an English edition of [[Joseph Haydn]]'s oratorio ''[[The Creation (Haydn)|The Creation]]'' (2008)]]

In 1379, William of Wykeham provided for a choral foundation of <!--14 -->clerks and <!--16 -->boy choristers<!-- to sing mass and the daily offices-->.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.newcollegechoir.com/page/?title=About+Us&pid=6 |publisher=New College Choir |access-date=23 April 2023 |quote=When William of Wykeham founded his ‘New’ College in 1379, a choral foundation was at its heart, and daily chapel services have been a central part of college life ever since. The Choir comprises sixteen boy choristers and fourteen adult clerks;}}</ref> The tradition continues today with choral services during term.<ref name="Chapel and Choir">{{Cite web |title=The Chapel and Choir |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/choir-and-chapel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229050618/http://www.new.ox.ac.uk/The_Chapel_and_Choir/The_Chapel/Introduction.php |archive-date=29 December 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[Choir of New College Oxford|The choir]] often performs [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] and [[Baroque music]], including [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s works.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stevenson |first=Joseph |title=Edward Higginbottom |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/edward-higginbottom-mn0000085874/biography |website=Allmusic.com}}</ref> 
As well as appearing repeatedly at the [[BBC Proms]], the choir has made numerous concert tours.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newcollegechoir.co.uk/choir.htm |title=The Choir of New College Oxford |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307170539/http://www.newcollegechoir.co.uk/choir.htm |archive-date=7 March 2009 |df=dmy-all |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The choir has recorded over one hundred albums.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newcollegechoir.com/shop.html |title=Shop |work=newcollegechoir.com |access-date=13 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325162653/http://www.newcollegechoir.com/shop.html |archive-date=25 March 2012 }}</ref> In 1997, the choir won a [[Gramophone Award]] in the best-selling disc category for their album ''Agnus Dei'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Excerpts From The 1997 Gramophone Award Winners |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/2055299-Various-Excerpts-From-The-1997-Gramophone-Award-Winners |website=Discogs |year=1997 |access-date=23 April 2023 |quote=9 Rachmaninov– Agnus Dei: Choir – Choir Of New College, Oxford: Composed By – Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff; Conductor – Edward Higginbottom}}</ref> and in 2008, they won a Gramophone Award in the early music category for their recording of [[Nicholas Ludford]]'s ''Missa Benedicta''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gramophone classical Music Awards 2008: Early Music |url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/awards/gramophone-classical-music-awards-2008/early-music |website=Gramophone |access-date=23 April 2023 |quote=Ludford – Missa Benedicta: Choir of New College, Oxford / Edward Higginbottom: K617 206}}</ref> <!--On Thursday 21 May 2009, for the first time in 400 years, the choir processed to [[St Bartholomew's Chapel, Oxford|Bartlemas Chapel]] for a ceremony and then on to the location of an ancient spring.<ref>{{cite news |title=Choir revives 16th century custom |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8061318.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |date=21 May 2009 |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref>--> 
On 29 June 2015, at the invitation of the Holy See and the [[Sistine Chapel Choir|Cappella Musicale Pontificia Sistina]], the choir sang at the Papal [[Pallium]] mass for the [[Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul]] in [[St. Peter's Basilica]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pope welcomes Orthodox delegation for feast of Sts Peter and Paul: Choristers of the Anglican choir of New College, Oxford, sing during Mass |url=http://efpastoremeritus2.com/2015/06/30/pope-welcomes-orthodox-delegation-for-feast-of-sts-peter-and-paul-choristers-of-the-anglican-choir-of-new-college-oxford-sing-during-mass/ |website=Efpastoremeritus2 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813040607/http://efpastoremeritus2.com/2015/06/30/pope-welcomes-orthodox-delegation-for-feast-of-sts-peter-and-paul-choristers-of-the-anglican-choir-of-new-college-oxford-sing-during-mass/ |archive-date=13 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Glatz |first=Carol |title=Archbishops who attended pallium Mass struck by sense of unity |url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/06/30/archbishops-who-attended-pallium-mass-struck-by-sense-of-unity/ |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703012128/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2015/06/30/archbishops-who-attended-pallium-mass-struck-by-sense-of-unity/ |work=[[Catholic Herald]] |date=30 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://allevents.in/rome/papal-pallium-mass-st-peters-basilica/1684538995128592# |title=Papal Pallium Mass – St. Peters Basilica |website=allevents.in}}</ref>

=== Organ ===

The original organ was given by William Porte (1420–1423).{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=36}} An organ was removed in 1547 under [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], and likewise in 1572.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History of the University of Oxford: Volume IV: Seventeenth-Century Oxford |year=1997 |editor=Nicholas Tyacke |isbn=0199510148 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=627}}</ref> A [[Henry Willis & Sons|Willis]] organ installed in 1874 contained parts from organs by [[Samuel Green (organ builder)|Samuel Green]] in 1776, [[James Chapman Bishop]], and [[Dallam family|Dallam]] in 1663.{{sfn|Prickard|1906|p=35}}

The present instrument was constructed by Grant, Degens and Bradbeer in 1969.<ref>[http://www.newcollegechoir.com/the-organ.html Organ, New College Choir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325162641/http://www.newcollegechoir.com/the-organ.html |date=25 March 2012 }}. Retrieved 1 May 2010</ref> In 2014 the organ was restored, with the key actions and other mechanisms being completely renewed by [[Goetze and Gwynn]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newcollegechoir.com/news--events/organ-works-in-progress-goetze-gwynne |title=News & Events – Choir of New College Oxford |work=newcollegechoir.com |access-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205082725/http://www.newcollegechoir.com/news--events/organ-works-in-progress-goetze-gwynne |archive-date=5 December 2014 }}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed>
File:New College Chapel Interior I.jpg|The organ, between the chapel and the ante-chapel
</gallery>

== Student life ==

[[File:New College Olympics 1912.png|thumb|250px|New College at the [[1912 Summer Olympics]]]]
=== Outreach ===

New College has <!--in 2017? -->launched Step-Up, a sustained contact outreach initiative which seeks to inspire students from partner schools in England and Wales to apply to Oxford and supports them to make a competitive application.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Step Up |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/step-up |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref> <!--By 2020...--> The college founded the Oxford for Wales consortium, Oxford Cymru, along with Jesus College and St Catherine's College, offering support to students from state schools in Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford for Wales |publisher=New College |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/oxfordforwales |access-date=17 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Rowing ===
{{main|New College Boat Club}}

A New College [[Eight (rowing)|rowing eight]] is recorded from 1840; the [[New College Boat Club]] was "Head of the River" in [[Eights Week]] in 1887 and several years<!--1896, 97, 98, 99, 1901, 03, 04--> from 1896. The club headed the [[Torpids]] competition in 1882, 1896, and 1900 to 1904.<ref name="Boat Club History">{{cite web |title=Our History |date=17 January 2022 |url=https://jcr.new.ox.ac.uk/ncbc/our-history/ |publisher=New College Boat Club |access-date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424144815/https://jcr.new.ox.ac.uk/ncbc/our-history/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 
The club represented [[Great Britain at the Olympics|Great Britain]] at the Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912, and earned a [[silver medal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/fiftholympiadoff00berg |title=The Fifth Olympiad – Official Report of the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912 (Swedish Olympic Committee 1913) pp.662–667 |year=1913}}</ref>


==People associated with New College==
{{further|List of people associated with New College, Oxford}}
'''<big>Science</big>'''

* [[Marc Tessier-Lavigne]], Canadian-American neuroscientist who was the eleventh president of Stanford University
* [[Pardis Sabeti]], American computational biologist, medical geneticist, and evolutionary geneticist

'''<big>Politics</big>'''
* [[Susan Rice]], American diplomat, policy advisor, and public official
* [[Rachel Reeves]], the UK's first female [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Congratulations to Rachel Reeves |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/news/congratulations-rachel-reeves |publisher=New College  |access-date=1 January 2025 }}</ref>
== Organisation and administration ==
{{further|List of Wardens of New College, Oxford|List of people associated with New College, Oxford}}

The head of the college is the warden, who is responsible for academic leadership, chairs the governing body, and represents the college. Policy is defined and actioned by the warden together with the fellows of the college,<ref name="Officers"/> who are scholars.<ref name="Fellows">{{cite web |title=The Fellows |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/fellows |publisher=New College, Oxford |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref> New College is one of the constituent self-governing colleges of the [[University of Oxford]], which has a federal organisation.<ref name="Uni Organisation">{{cite web |title=Organisation |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation |publisher=University of Oxford |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref> The warden is supported by specialist officers including tutors, bursar, librarian, and chaplain.<ref name="Officers">{{cite web |title=College Officers |url=https://www.new.ox.ac.uk/college-officers |publisher=New College, Oxford |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="BHO wardens">'New College', in ''A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 3: The University of Oxford'' (1954), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63878 pp. 144-162] online at british-history.ac.uk, accessed 26 August 2008.</ref> 

The students are divided into a Middle Common Room consisting of the college's graduates, and a Junior Common Room for the undergraduates; these are run by their own committees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mcrweb-18.new.ox.ac.uk/ |title=New College MCR |website=New College MCR |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://jcr.new.ox.ac.uk/ |title=New College JCR |website=New College JCR |access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
* [[John Buxton (ornithologist)|Buxton, John]], and Penry Williams (1979). ''New College, Oxford, 1379–1979''. Oxford: Warden and Fellows of New College. {{ISBN|978-0950651002}}.
* [[Alic Halford Smith|Halford Smith, Alic]] (1952). ''New College, Oxford, and its Buildings''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Jenkinson, Matthew (2013). ''[[New College School]], Oxford: A History''. Oxford: Shire. {{ISBN|978-0747813415}}.
* {{cite book |last=Prickard |first=Arthur Octavius |title=New College, Oxford |publisher=J.M. Dent |year=1906 |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/newcollegeoxfor00pric }}
* [[Tyerman, Christopher]] (2010). ''New College''. London: Third Millennium. {{ISBN|978-1906507213}}.
* {{citation |last1=Sherwood |first1=Jennifer |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |author2-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |title=Oxfordshire |series=The Buildings of England |place=London |publisher=Penguin |year=1974 |isbn=0300096399}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikisourcepar|Literary Landmarks of Oxford/New|New College, as described in "Literary Landmarks of Oxford".}}
* [http://jcr.new.ox.ac.uk/ New College JCR, Oxford]
* [http://mcr.new.ox.ac.uk/ New College MCR, Oxford]
* [http://www.newcollegechoir.com/ College choir]
* [http://www.newcollegeschool.org/ New College School]

{{University of Oxford}}
{{Winchester College}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:New College, Oxford| ]]
[[Category:1379 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 14th century]]
[[Category:Colleges of the University of Oxford]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Oxford]]
[[Category:Grade I listed educational buildings]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Oxford with royal patronage]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures of the University of Oxford]]