Editing Neodesha, Kansas

{{Short description|City in Wilson County, Kansas}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Neodesha, Kansas
|settlement_type          = [[City]]

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Brown Hotel, Neodesha, KS.jpg
|image_caption            = [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilson County, Kansas|Brown Hotel]] in Neodesha (2017)
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Wilson_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Neodesha_Highlighted.svg
|map_caption              = Location within [[Wilson County, Kansas|Wilson County]] and [[Kansas]]
|image_map1               = Map of Wilson Co, Ks, USA.png
|map_caption1             = [[Kansas Department of Transportation|KDOT]] map of [[Wilson County, Kansas|Wilson County]] ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|legend]])

<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_footnotes    = <ref name="GNIS"/>
|coordinates              = {{coord|37|25|25|N|95|40|52|W|region:US-KS_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Kansas]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Kansas|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Wilson County, Kansas|Wilson]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[List of townships in Kansas|Township]]
|subdivision_name3        =

<!-- Established -->
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         =
|established_title1       = [[Platted]]
|established_date1        =
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        = 1871
|named_for                = ''Ni-o-sho-de'' (indian)

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          = <!-- [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] -->
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              =

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_20.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.46
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.41
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.06
|area_total_km2           = 3.78
|area_land_km2            = 3.64
|area_water_km2           = 0.14
|unit_pref                = Imperial

<!-- Elevation -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="GNIS"/>
|elevation_ft             = 810

<!-- Population -->
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="Census-2020-Profile"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_total         = 2275
|pop_est_footnotes        =
|pop_est_as_of            =
|population_est           =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_km2   = auto

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 66757
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 620|620]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 20-49650 <ref name="GNIS"/>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS ID]]
|blank1_info              = 485067 <ref name="GNIS">{{cite gnis2|485067|Neodesha, Kansas}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|http://neodesha.org/|neodesha.org}}
}}

'''Neodesha''' {{IPAc-en|n|iː|ˈ|oʊ|d|ə|ʃ|eɪ}} is a city in [[Wilson County, Kansas|Wilson County]], [[Kansas]], United States.<ref name="GNIS"/>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population of the city was 2,275.<ref name="Census-2020-Profile">{{cite web |title=Profile of Neodesha, Kansas in 2020 |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2049650 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530224027/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2049650 |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>  The name is derived from the [[Osage Nation|Osage]] word, ''Ni-o-sho-de'', and is translated as ''The-Water-Is-Smoky-With-Mud''.<ref>Cho O-Nee to High Iron, The 'Hidden' Years Of The Town Of Neodesha, Wilson County, Kansas; Joseph W. Allen, 1962, Midwest Litho, p. 1</ref>

==History==

===19th century===
The first settlers in the area that would eventually become Neodesha established a trading post in October 1867 to the northwest of the present town. They were allowed by the Osage Native Americans to establish a trading post on the [[Osage Nation#Interactions with the US and relocation|Osage Diminished Reserve]] because the nearest trading post was over thirty miles away. After the [[Drum Creek Treaty]] had been signed by the Osage tribe in September 1870 and the tribe moved to [[Indian Territory]], it opened the way for settlers to move to the area. Neodesha was incorporated March 2, 1871 and the original plat was filed with the [[Land Office|U.S. Land Office]] in July 1871.<ref>Cho O-Nee to High Iron, The 'Hidden' Years Of The Town Of Neodesha, Wilson County, Kansas; Joseph W. Allen, 1962, Midwest Litho, p. 24</ref> Neodesha is an Osage name meaning "meeting of the waters".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5zdAAQAAMAAJ | title=Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society | publisher=Kansas State Printing Plant | author=Kansas State Historical Society | year=1916 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5zdAAQAAMAAJ/page/n422 315]}}</ref>

The first railroad was built through Neodesha in 1879.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qi9cXyTWt9EC | title=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2 | publisher=Standard Publishing Company | author=Blackmar, Frank Wilson | year=1912 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qi9cXyTWt9EC/page/n336 346]}}</ref>

The first commercially successful oil well drilled in what would become the [[Mid-Continent Oil Field]] was drilled in Neodesha in 1892.  [[Norman No. 1 Oil Well]] was located in the southeast part of the city.  The Norman No. 1 Museum is near the location of the original wellsite.<ref>[http://www.neodygrads.com/pages/museum/norman.html Norman No. 1 Museum]</ref>

===20th century===
In 1943, German and Italian prisoners of [[World War II]] were brought to Kansas and other midwestern states as a means of solving the labor shortage caused by American men serving in the war effort. Large [[internment]] camps were established in Kansas: [[Camp Concordia]], Camp Funston (at [[Fort Riley]]), Camp Phillips (at [[Salina, Kansas|Salina]], under [[Fort Riley]]). Fort Riley established 12 smaller branch camps, including Neodesha.<ref>[http://www.gentracer.org/powcampsKS.html List of Prisoner Of War (POW) Camps in Kansas]</ref>

==Geography==
Neodesha is located at {{coord|37|25|25|N|95|40|52|W|type:city}} (37.423512, -95.681185),<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> along the [[Verdigris River|Verdigris]] and [[Fall River (Kansas)|Fall]] Rivers. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.39|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|1.35|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-01-25}}</ref>

===Climate===
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Neodesha has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=593539&cityname=Neodesha%2C+Kansas%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Neodesha, Kansas]</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1880= 924
|1890= 1528
|1900= 1772
|1910= 2872
|1920= 3943
|1930= 3381
|1940= 3376
|1950= 3723
|1960= 3594
|1970= 3295
|1980= 3414
|1990= 2837
|2000= 2848
|2010= 2486
|2020= 2275
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}

===2020 census===
The [[2020 United States census]] counted 2,275 people, 971 households, and 577 families in Neodesha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref name=:0 /> The population density was 1,619.2 per square mile (625.2/km{{sup|2}}). There were 1,170 housing units at an average density of 832.7 per square mile (321.5/km{{sup|2}}).<ref name=:0>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20dp1 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2020/geo/gazetter-file.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> The racial makeup was 85.19% (1,938) [[White (U.S. Census)|white]] or [[European American]] (84.04% [[Non-Hispanic White|non-Hispanic white]]), 0.48% (11) [[African American (U.S. Census)|black]] or [[African American|African-American]], 1.89% (43) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]], 0.31% (7) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.0% (0) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]], 1.14% (26) from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 10.99% (250) from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20p1&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race was 3.56% (81) of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20p2&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

Of the 971 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18; 40.8% were married couples living together; 29.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 36.5% of households consisted of individuals and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name=:0 /> The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20s1101%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 14.6% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1501?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20s1501%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

26.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.4 males.<ref name=:0 /> For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 109.4 males.<ref name=:0 />

The 2016-2020 5-year [[American Community Survey]] estimates show that the median household income was $48,549 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,004) and the median family income was $61,442 (+/- $16,007).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1903?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20s1903%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Males had a median income of $40,823 (+/- $6,760) versus $30,208 (+/- $12,131) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $35,188 (+/- $7,275).<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S2001?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20s2001%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Approximately, 7.3% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.6% of those under the age of 18 and 3.4% of those ages 65 or over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1701?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20s1701%20&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1702?q=Neodesha%20city,%20Kansas%20s1702&y=2020 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-07-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 2,486 people, 1,031 households, and 658 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1841.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,204 housing units at an average density of {{convert|891.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 1,031 households, of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.2% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the city was 39.2 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.5% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.7% male and 53.3% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 2,848 people, 1,142 households, and 714 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,559.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,301 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,169.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.49% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.35% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.67% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.21% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.84% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.44% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.11% of the population.

There were 1,142 households, out of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,042, and the median income for a family was $34,537. Males had a median income of $25,330 versus $17,191 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,406. About 9.7% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The community is served by [[Neodesha USD 461]] public school district. The Neodesha High School mascot is Bluestreaks.<ref>{{cite web | title = Neodesha Public Schools| publisher = USD 461| url = http://www.neodesha.k12.ks.us/| access-date = 10 January 2017}}</ref>

==Notable people==
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* [[Dorothy DeLay]], violin instructor at [[Juilliard]].
* [[Lyle Goodhue]], scientist and aerosol pioneer, former Director of Research at Airosol Inc.
* [[Maggie McIntosh]], Maryland State Legislator
* [[Grimes Poznikov]], street performer in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[California]]
* [[Clay T. Whitehead|Clay Whitehead]], director of the White House [[Office of Telecommunications Policy]] during [[Nixon Administration]]
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==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Wilson County, Kansas#Further reading|l1=List of books about Wilson County, Kansas}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Neodesha, Kansas}}
;City
* [http://neodesha.org/ City of Neodesha]
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41260914 Neodesha - Directory of Public Officials]
;Schools
* [https://www.neodesha.k12.ks.us/ USD 461], local school district
;Historical
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031230183551/http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1944/44_4_hill.htm Neodesha in 1873 - From a Letter of William Hill, Pioneer Banker]
* [http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/220551 Photograph of Standard Oil Company refinery in Neodesha 1897]
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/Neodeshamemories Neodesha Memories Group on Facebook]
;Maps
* [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/city-pdf/neodesha.pdf Neodesha city map], KDOT

{{Wilson County, Kansas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Kansas]]
[[Category:Cities in Wilson County, Kansas]]