Editing Nation of Islam and antisemitism

{{short description|Antisemitism in the Nation of Islam}}
{{Nation of Islam|Beliefs}}
{{Antisemitism|Manifestations}}
A number of organizations and academics consider the [[Nation of Islam]] (NOI) to be [[antisemitism|antisemitic]].{{sfn|Norwood|Pollack|2020}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pollack |first=Eunice G. |date=2021 |title=Robbing the Jews: The Antisemitic Roots of the Nation of Islam's Belief System |url=https://www.ariel.ac.il/wp/nrps/2021/10/28/robbing-the-jews-the-antisemitic-roots-of-the-nation-of-islams-belief-system/ |journal=National Resilience, Politics and Society |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=11–29 |doi=10.26351/NRPS/3-1/1 |s2cid=240193378 |issn=2706-7653 |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214174019/https://www.ariel.ac.il/wp/nrps/2021/10/28/robbing-the-jews-the-antisemitic-roots-of-the-nation-of-islams-belief-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nation of Islam |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/nation-islam |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en |archive-date=2019-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011080634/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/nation-islam |url-status=live }}</ref> The NOI has engaged in [[Holocaust denial]], and exaggerates the [[African American–Jewish relations#Alleged overrepresentation of Jews in the slave trade|role of Jews in the African slave trade]]; mainstream historians, such as  [[Saul S. Friedman]], have said Jews had a negligible role.<ref>{{citation |first=David Walter |last=Leinweber |url=http://www.h-net.org/~antis/papers/occasional.papers.html |title=H-ANTISEMITISM OCCASIONAL PAPERS, NO. 1M: AN HISTORIAN CRITIQUES THE BOOK _THE SECRET RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLACKS AND JEWS |publisher=H-Antisemitism, [[H-Net]] |access-date=2011-08-28 |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629025306/http://www.h-net.org/~antis/papers/occasional.papers.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Friedman" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jikeli |first=Gunther |date=2020-05-20 |title=Is Religion Coming Back as a Source for Antisemitic Views? |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=255 |doi=10.3390/rel11050255 |issn=2077-1444|doi-access=free}}</ref> The NOI has repeatedly rejected charges made against it as false and politically motivated.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.noi.org/statements/rift/default.htm |title=Farrakhan and the Jewish Rift; A Historic Reference |url-status=dead |date=October 7, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819173056/http://www.noi.org/statements/rift/default.htm |archive-date=2007-08-19}}</ref>

==Charges of antisemitism==

The [[Anti-Defamation League]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.adl.org/anti-semitism/united-states/c/what-is-the-nation-of-islam.html |title=What Is the Nation of Islam? |date=2015-09-01 |publisher=Anti-Defamation League |access-date=2016-12-07 |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817055930/https://www.adl.org/resources/profile/nation-islam-old |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nation of Islam |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/nation-islam |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en |archive-date=2019-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011080634/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/nation-islam |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[American Jewish Committee]],<ref>{{cite web|author1=Lindsay Pindyck|title=Farrakhan Causes National Controversy|url=http://www.iearn.org/hgp/aeti/1994-farrakhan.html|access-date=25 July 2015|location=Cold Spring Harbor High School, New York|date=1994|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150604204205/http://www.iearn.org/hgp/aeti/1994-farrakhan.html|archive-date=4 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=7oJILSPwFfJSG&b=8479733&ct=12487613 |title=AJC Denounces Farrakhan Hate Letter to Jewish Organizations |publisher=American Jewish Committee |date=2010-06-30 |access-date=2016-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075915/http://www.ajc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=7oJILSPwFfJSG&b=8479733&ct=12487613 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[American Jewish Congress]],<ref>{{cite book |title=American Jewish Year Book, 1997, Volume 97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ROJ2GIA-ALQC&q=The+American+Jewish+Congress+had+earlier+issued+a+statement+expressing+similar&pg=PA159 |publisher=Das Wissensunternehmen aus Bonn |year=1997 |page=159 |isbn=0874951119 |access-date=2020-12-01 |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817042503/https://books.google.com/books?id=ROJ2GIA-ALQC&q=The+American+Jewish+Congress+had+earlier+issued+a+statement+expressing+similar&pg=PA159#v=snippet&q=The%20American%20Jewish%20Congress%20had%20earlier%20issued%20a%20statement%20expressing%20similar&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Stephen Roth Institute|Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism]]<ref name="Roth" /> have condemned the Nation of Islam as antisemitic.

Scholars of comparative religion have argued that the Nation of Islam is antisemitic and advocates [[Holocaust denial]]. For instance, in the ''Global Journal of Classical Theology'', Professor Richard V. Pierard writes:
{{blockquote|Holocaust denial is a stock in trade of Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazi, Skinhead...and one also finds it in Black hate groups like Louis Farrakhan's Nation of Islam, some Afrocentrist writers, and in Arab anti-Israel rhetoric. The common thread running through all these manifestations is anti-Semitism; that is, hatred or dislike of Jews.<ref>Pierard, ''Global Journal of Classical Theology'', (4)2, 2004.</ref>}}

A report by the [[Stephen Roth Institute]] for studying Anti-Semitism and Racism states the following:
{{blockquote|Louis Farrakhan, and the Nation of Islam (NOI), which he heads, have a long, well-documented record of hate-filled and anti-Semitic rhetoric. Over the years, NOI ministers and representatives have regularly expressed anti-Semitic, anti-white, anti-homosexual and anti-Catholic sentiments in their speeches. Furthermore, ''The Final Call'', the NOI's official organ, reflects the anti-Semitism of Farrakhan and his organization.<ref name="Roth">''Anti-Semitism Worldwide 1997/8. Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam''.</ref>}}
[[File:Louis Farrakhan.jpg|thumb|Louis Farrakhan in a press conference at the Spinas Hotel, [[Tehran]], Iran.]]
[[United Kingdom|British]] [[Home Secretary]] [[Jack Straw]] and lawyers for the [[Home Office]] have also described Farrakhan's views as "anti-semitic and racially divisive", and as a result he has been banned from the United Kingdom since 1986.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1466232.stm Opponents attack Farrakhan ruling] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017192247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1466232.stm |date=2023-10-17 }}", ''BBC'', July 31, 2001.</ref>

A Catholic magazine, ''This Rock'', has described the Nation of Islam as both antisemitic and anti-Catholic.<ref>''This Rock'', Dragnet: Well-rounded bigotry, November 1995.</ref>

A number of prominent [[secular humanism|secular humanists]] have written that the NOI is antisemitic. ''Hating in the Name of God'', by Benjamin Radford (Council for Secular Humanism website), and Madeline Weld's address to the 1995 annual meeting of the Humanist Association of Canada are examples of such criticism.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

=== Farrakhan calls Jews "Satanic" and compares Jews to Termites ===
Louis Farrakhan said in a 2014 speech that "the satanic Jews that control everything, and mostly everybody, if they are your enemy, you must, must be somebody."<ref>{{Citation|last=Anti-Defamation League|title=Farrakhan Continues His Anti-Semitic Saviours' Day Message in Chicago|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quMHNp8QwzI| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305222640/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quMHNp8QwzI&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2014-03-05 | url-status=dead|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref> In an October 2018 speech, Farrakhan referred to Jews as termites: "So when they talk about Farrakhan, call me a hater, you know what they do, call me an anti-Semite. Stop it, I’m anti-Termite."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/louis-farrakhan-nation-islam-jews-anti-semite-termite-kanye-west-jewish-1174659|title=Louis Farrakhan Makes "Anti-Termite" Jewish Joke, Supports Kanye West's Slavery Comments|last=PM|first=Benjamin Fearnow On 10/17/18 at 12:15|date=2018-10-17|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=2018-12-27|archive-date=2024-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817042630/https://www.newsweek.com/louis-farrakhan-nation-islam-jews-anti-semite-termite-kanye-west-jewish-1174659|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Jews "control the economy"===
For many years certain [[Nation of Islam]] (NOI) ministers have been preaching that "the Jews" control the American economy and the world economy. Statements to this effect can be found in its newspaper ''The Final Call'' and in speeches given in their temples and on college campuses.

For example, the ''[[Dallas Observer]]'' recorded this dialogue between Nation-of-Islam leader Louis Farrakhan and an audience to which he was speaking:

{{blockquote|Farrakhan: "Is the Federal Reserve owned by the government?"<br />Audience: "No."<br />Farrakhan: "Who owns the federal reserve?"<br />Audience: "Jews."<br />Farrakhan: "The same year they set up the IRS, they set up the FBI. And the same year they set up the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Brith...It could be a coincidence...[I want] to see Black intellectuals free...I want to see them not controlled by members of the Jewish community."<ref>Dallas Observer on-line, August 10, 2000</ref>}}

===Alleged major role of Jews in the slave trade===
''[[The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews]]'' is a book published in 1991 by the Nation of Islam. The book alleges that Jews dominated the Atlantic slave trade.<ref>Austen, pp. 131–133</ref>  The book has been labeled an [[antisemitic canard]] by historians including [[Saul S. Friedman]], who has written that Jews had a minimal role in New World slave trade.<ref name="Friedman">''Jews and the American Slave Trade'', [[Saul S. Friedman]], Transaction Publishers, 1999, pp. 2, 40</ref> [[Henry Louis Gates]], head of the department of Afro-American studies at Harvard University, called the book "the bible of new anti-Semitism" and added, "The book massively misinterprets the historical record, largely through a process of cunningly selective quotations of often reputable sources."<ref>Kepel, Gilles. ''Allah in the West: Islamic movements in America and Europe''. Stanford University Press, 1997 pp. 68–69</ref>

===Criticisms of perceived Jewish "control"===
[[Elijah Muhammad]], [[Louis Farrakhan]], [[Khalid Abdul Muhammad]], and other NOI ministers have been frequently critical of what they perceive as the Jewish control over African American society, their beliefs frequently approaching [[conspiracy theory]]. For example:

{{blockquote|We are not giving them [Jews] power by getting into the debate, they already have power. They control Black intellectuals, they control Black politicians, Black preachers, Black artists—they control Black life. I’m not against Jews, I’m against control by any group, of us...I don’t know how you can talk about Black liberation without confronting that and not talk about those who stifle Black thought, freedom of Black liberation.<ref>Daily Challenge, 10/12/00</ref>}}

Farrakhan gave a speech attacking then [[United States National Security Advisor|National Security Advisor]] [[Sandy Berger]], [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Madeleine Albright]], [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Treasury Secretary]] [[Robert Rubin]], and presidential advisor (later [[Chicago mayor]]) [[Rahm Emanuel]]. In regards to their names, he stated that "Every Jewish person that is around the president is a dual citizen of [[Israel]] and the United States of America...and sometimes, we have to raise the question, Are you more loyal to the state of Israel than you are to the best interests of the United States of America?"<ref>News conference at the [[National Press Club (USA)|National Press Club]], October 19, 1998</ref>

===References to Jews as "bloodsuckers"===
Some NOI ministers have called Jews bloodsuckers. For example, in his [[Saviours' Day]] speech in [[Chicago, Illinois]], February 25, 1996, Louis Farrakhan stated:

{{blockquote|And you do with me as is written, but remember that I have warned you that Allah will punish you. You are wicked deceivers of the American people. You have sucked their blood. You are not real Jews, those of you that are not real Jews. You are the [[synagogue of Satan]], and you have wrapped your tentacles around the U.S. government, and you are deceiving and sending this nation to hell. But I warn you in the name of Allah, you would be wise to leave me alone. But if you choose to crucify me, know that Allah will crucify you.}}

One former NOI minister [[Khalid Abdul Muhammed]] referred to Jews as bloodsuckers.
{{blockquote|I called them Jews bloodsuckers. I'm not going to change that. Our lessons talk about the bloodsuckers of the poor in the Supreme Wisdom of the Nation of Islam. It's that old no-good Jew, that old imposter Jew, that old hooked-nose, bagel-eating, lox-eating, Johnny-come-lately perpetrating a fraud, just crawled out of the caves and hills of Europe, so-called damn Jew. . . and I feel everything I'm saying up here is kosher.|Speech in Baltimore, MD|February 19, 1994}}

Quotes from [[Khalid Abdul Muhammad]], the spokesperson until 1993:

{{blockquote|Who are the slumlords in the Black community? The so-called Jews... Who is it sucking our blood in the Black community? A white imposter Jew.<ref>Speech at [[Kean College]], NJ, November 29, 1993</ref>}}

=== Malcolm X and antisemitism ===

[[Malcolm X]], a member of the Nation of Islam until he left in 1964,<ref name="Times-Malcolm-X-Leaves">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/09/archives/malcolm-x-splits-with-muhammad-suspended-muslim-leader-plans-black.html |title=Malcolm&nbsp;X Splits with Muhammad |access-date=June 19, 2018 |last=Handler |first=M. S. |date=March 9, 1964 |page=1 |newspaper=The New York Times |url-access=limited |archive-date=April 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407003742/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E6DA1230E033A2575AC0A9659C946591D6CF |url-status=live }}</ref> made antisemitic statements and is thought to have held antisemitic beliefs.<ref>{{harvnb|Lomax|1963|p=172}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Moore|1987|p=198}}.</ref> His autobiography contains several antisemitic charges and [[Antisemitic trope|caricatures of Jews]].<ref>{{harvnb|Pollack|2013|p=4}}.</ref> [[Alex Haley]], the autobiography's co-author, had to rewrite some of the book in order to eliminate a number of negative statements about Jews in the manuscript.<ref>{{harvnb|Marable|Felber|2013|p=492}}.</ref> Malcolm X believed that the fabricated antisemitic text ''[[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', was authentic and introduced it to NOI members, while blaming Jewish people for "perfecting the modern evil" of [[neo-colonialism]].<ref>{{harvnb|Norwood|Pollack|2020|p=157-158}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Pollack|2013|p=30, 35}}.</ref> He was a leading figure in reshaping the black community's perception of [[The Holocaust]], engaging in [[Holocaust trivialization]] and claiming that the Jews "brought it on themselves".<ref>{{harvnb|Pollack|2022|p=5, 16}}.</ref> 

In 1961, Malcolm X spoke at a NOI rally alongside [[George Lincoln Rockwell]], the head of the [[American Nazi Party]]. Rockwell claimed that there was overlap between Black nationalism and White supremacy.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Heer |first=Jeet |author-link=Jeet Heer |date=May 11, 2016 |title=Farrakhan's Grand Illusion |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/133385/farrakhans-grand-illusion |magazine=[[The New Republic]] |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404035954/https://newrepublic.com/article/133385/farrakhans-grand-illusion |url-status=live }}</ref> Even after his departure from the NOI and during the last months of his life, Malcolm X's statements about Jews continued to include antisemitic images of Jews as "bloodsucker[s]".<ref>{{harvnb|Norwood|2013|p=245}}.</ref>

==Response to charges of antisemitism==
The Nation of Islam has repeatedly denied charges of antisemitism.<ref>[http://www.noi.org/statements/statements_press_10-07-2000.htm Farrakhan and the Jewish Rift; A Historic Reference<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822235721/http://www.noi.org/statements/statements_press_10-07-2000.htm |date=2007-08-22}}</ref> Louis Farrakhan has stated, "The ADL .. uses the term 'anti-Semitism' to stifle all criticism of Zionism and the Zionist policies of the State of Israel and also to stifle all legitimate criticism of the errant behavior of some Jewish people toward the non-Jewish population."<ref>''[[The Final Call (newspaper)|The Final Call]],'' February 16, 1994</ref>

In a letter responding to [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) Director [[Abraham Foxman]]'s insistence that black leaders distance themselves from the Nation of Islam, [[hip hop music|hip hop]] mogul [[Russell Simmons]] wrote: "Simply put, you are misguided, arrogant, and very disrespectful of African Americans and most importantly your statements will unintentionally or intentionally lead to a negative impression of Jews in the minds of millions of African Americans," he continued, "For over 50 years, Minister Farrakhan has labored to resurrect the downtrodden masses of African Americans up out of poverty and self-destruction" and indicated that he had personally witnessed Farrakhan affirm, 'A Muslim can not hate a Jew. We are all members of the family of Abraham and all of us should maintain dialogue and mutual respect.'"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millionsmoremovement.com/news/russell-simmons05-09-2005.htm|title=Russell Simmons Responds to Abraham Foxman About the Millions More Movement|access-date=December 24, 2016}}</ref>

==Jews, Nazis, and the Holocaust==
{{Main|Holocaust denial}}

Farrakhan stated at the [[Mosque Maryam]] in Chicago on March 19, 1995 that the Jews financed the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]]:
{{blockquote|German Jews financed Hitler right here in America...International bankers financed Hitler and poor Jews died while big Jews were at the root of what you call the Holocaust...Little Jews died while big Jews made money. Little Jews [were] being turned into soap while big Jews washed themselves with it. Jews [were] playing violin, Jews [were] playing music, while other Jews [were] marching into the gas chambers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/education/resources/reports/nation-of-islam-farrakhan-in-his-own-words|title=Farrakhan: In His Own Words|work=Anti-Defamation League|access-date=December 11, 2019|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202154101/http://www.adl.org/anti-semitism/united-states/c/farrakhan-nation-of-islam-noi-in-his-own-words.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

Khalid Abdul Muhammad, a former advisor to Farrakhan, stated that the Jews deserved to be exterminated by the Nazis. Echoing [[white supremacist]] propaganda, he holds that Jewish people undermined German society, and thus deserved to be targeted by the Nazis.
{{blockquote|You see, everybody always talk about Hitler exterminating 6 million Jews...but don't nobody ever asked what did they do to Hitler? What did they do to them folks? They went in there, in Germany, the way they do everywhere they go, and they supplanted, they usurped, they turned around, and a German, in his own country, would almost have to go to a Jew to get money. They had undermined the very fabric of the society.<ref>Speech at Kean College, NJ, November 29, 1993</ref>}}

==Cooperation with antisemitic groups==

===Holocaust deniers===

The Nation of Islam's official position does not deny the Jewish holocaust. [[Tim Russert]], during a 1997 ''[[Meet the Press]]'' interview with Louis Farrakhan, posed the question, "Do you believe there was a Holocaust in which 6 million Jews perished?"

{{blockquote|Of course I believe that Jews perished in Germany, and (those) same Jews perished in Germany while the Pope Pius XII looked the other way and the government of America looked the other way. Now there is reconciliation between Jews and Catholics and the government of the United States. What is wrong with reconciliation between those who looked the other way when my fathers were being brought into America as slaves, and to this very moment have not received justice? I think atonement, reconciliation, and responsibility should be the watch word for this time, and I am willing to sit down with any who wish to discuss atonement, reconciliation, and responsibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finalcall.com/national/mlf-mtp5-13-97b.html|title=Freed at Last! – DNA Confirms Innocence of Three Young Black Men Who Served 15 Years|access-date=24 December 2016|archive-date=17 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817042611/http://www.finalcall.com/national/mlf-mtp5-13-97b.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

==Relationship with white supremacists==

Elijah Muhammad's pro-separation views were compatible with those of some [[white supremacist]] organizations in the 1960s.<ref>Herbert Berg, ''Elijah Muhammad and Islam'', NYU Press, 2009, p. 41.</ref> He reportedly met with leaders of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in 1961 to work toward the purchase of farmland in the [[Deep South]].<ref>Marable, Manning, [https://freepress.org/Backup/UnixBackup/pubhtml/manning/racism-1.html Along the Color Line] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180924/https://freepress.org/Backup/UnixBackup/pubhtml/manning/racism-1.html |date=March 3, 2016}}, reprinted in the Columbus Free Press, January 17, 1997.</ref> He eventually established Temple Farms, now [[Muhammad Farms]], on a {{convert|5,000|acre|km2|adj=on}} tract in [[Terrell County, Georgia]].<ref>Rolinson, Mary, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TjiezD52cZoC&dq=muhammad+farms%2C+terrell&pg=PA193 Grassroots Garveyism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820000609/https://books.google.com/books?id=TjiezD52cZoC&dq=muhammad+farms,+terrell&pg=PA193 |date=2023-08-20 }}, p. 193, UNC Press Books, 2007.</ref> [[George Lincoln Rockwell]], founder of the [[American Nazi Party]] once called Muhammad "the [[Hitler]] of the black man."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629021927/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917218-1,00.html "The Messenger Passes"], ''Time Magazine'', March 10, 1975.</ref> At the 1962 [[Saviours' Day]] celebration in Chicago, Rockwell addressed Nation of Islam members.  Many in the audience booed and heckled him and his men, for which Muhammad rebuked them in the April 1962 issue of ''Muhammad Speaks''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |date=2017-08-24 |title=The Weird Time Nazis Made Common Cause with Black Nationalists |language=en |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/the-weird-time-nazis-made-common-cause-with-black-nationalists |access-date=2022-04-19 |archive-date=2024-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817042603/https://nationalpost.com/news/the-weird-time-nazis-made-common-cause-with-black-nationalists |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Islam|United States|Judaism}}
*[[African American–Jewish relations]]
*[[Antisemitism in the Arab world]]
*[[Antisemitism in Islam]]
*[[Antisemitism in the United States#Nation of Islam]]
*[[Anti-Zionism#Islamic perspectives]]
*[[Black-Palestinian solidarity]]
*[[Conspiracy theory]]
*[[Holocaust denial]]
*[[History of the Jews under Muslim rule]]
*[[Islamic–Jewish relations]]
*[[Jewish exodus from the Muslim world]]
*[[Racism in the Arab world]]
*[[Racism in Muslim communities]]
*[[Black supremacy]]
*[[Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world]]
*[[Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|1=2}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book |last=Lomax |first=Louis E.|author-link=Louis Lomax|title=When the Word Is Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World |year=1963 |publisher=World Publishing |location=Cleveland |oclc=1071204}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Marable |first1=Manning |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dNCCGSAtCsC&pg=PT492 |title=The Portable Malcolm X Reader: A Man Who Stands for Nothing Will Fall for Anything |last2=Felber |first2=Garrett |date=2013-01-16 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-101-60294-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Moore |first=R. Laurence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SG2qNXqdNHsC&pg=PA198 |title=Religious Outsiders and the Making of Americans |date=1987 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-536399-9 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Norwood |first=Stephen H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfuaAAAAQBAJ |title=Antisemitism and the American Far Left |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-03601-7}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Norwood |first1=Stephen H. |last2=Pollack |first2=Eunice G. |date=2020 |title=White Devils, Satanic Jews: The Nation of Islam From Fard to Farrakhan |url=https://academic.oup.com/mj/article-abstract/40/2/137/5831110 |journal=Modern Judaism – A Journal of Jewish Ideas and Experience |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=137–168 |doi=10.1093/mj/kjaa006 |via=Oxford University Press}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pollack |first=Eunice G. |url=https://sicsa.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/sicsa/files/acta36_pollack.pdf |title=Racializing Antisemitism: Black Militants, Jews, and Israel 1950-present |date=2013 |publisher=Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, Henrew University of Israel}}
* {{Cite web |last=Pollack |first=Eunice G. |date=2022 |title=Black Antisemitism in America: Past and Present |url=https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/special-publication-010622.pdf |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Institute for National Security Studies}}

==Further reading==
*''The Secret Relationship between Blacks and Jews'' by Historical Research Department of the Nation of Islam, 1991. {{ISBN|0-9636877-0-0}}.
*[http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~antis/papers/occasional.papers.html "A historian critiques the book ''The Secret Relationship between Blacks and Jews''"] by David Walter Leinweber, ''H Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online'', retrieved April 3, 2005

==External links==
*{{YouTube|bl13wd70ZSg|Louis Farrakhan responds to allegations of anti-anti-Semitism (Video: Al-Jazeera Interview, February 27, 2007)}}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828131229/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/Nofislam.html#2 |date=August 28, 2006 |title=University of Virginia on Nation of Islam }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603125035/http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/4572/farrakhan-unrepentant-after-meeting-jewish-leader/ B'nai Brith Audit of Antisemitic Incidents]
*[http://encarta.msn.com/text_761580649__1/Louis_Farrakhan.html MSN Encarta: Louis Farrakhan] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20091028204528/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761580649__1/Louis_Farrakhan.html Archived] 2009-11-01)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120112171108/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw97-8/usa-int.html Anti-Semitism Worldwide 1997/8: Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050427234331/http://www.jewishpublicaffairs.org/publications/JPP_94-95_equal_african-am.html Equal Opportunity and Social: Justice African American-Jewish Relations]
*[http://www.publiceye.org/rightwoo/rwooz9-36.html#P584_232920 Rev. Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam] from The Public Eye
*[http://www.danielpipes.org/article/288 The New anti-Semitism]
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603125035/http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/4572/farrakhan-unrepentant-after-meeting-jewish-leader/ |date=June 3, 2012 }}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524055828/http://www.cnn.com/US/9510/megamarch/nation_adl.html |date=May 24, 2010 }}

===Anti-Defamation League documents and webpages===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050414010932/http://www.adl.org/nation_of_islam/ Nation of Islam]
*[http://www.adl.org/focus_sheets/focus_islam.asp ADL Focus on Nation of Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426194442/http://www.adl.org/focus_sheets/focus_islam.asp |date=2006-04-26 }}
*[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/american/adl/nation-of-islam/noi-01.html Anti-Defamation League report Nation of Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050323230709/http://nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/american/adl/nation-of-islam/noi-01.html |date=2005-03-23 }}

===Final Call/Nation of Islam webpages===
*[http://www.finalcall.com/perspectives/rift.html Farrakhan and the Jewish Rift; How it all started]
*[http://www.finalcall.com/national/rabbis2-28-2000.htm Zionism, not Farrakhan is the problem, rabbis say]
*[http://www.finalcall.com/national/mlf_rabbis11-25-99.htm Minister Farrakhan and Jewish Delegation meet in Chicago]
*[http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_1100.shtml Interview with UIC Professor Michael Lieb]
*[http://www.finalcall.com/national/jamaica04-02-2002.htm Nation of Islam leader pays historic visit to synagogue]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050410151601/http://blacksandjews.com/review.D.Muhammad.html#anchor2982944 Review of "The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One"] by Donald Muhammad, ''The Final Call'', November 18, 1991
*[http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_2260.shtml FinalCall.com Interview with Ashahed M. Muhammad, author of "The Synagogue of Satan"]

===Jude Wanniski's Polyconomics webpages===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050408111019/http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/10-11-00.html An Interview with Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, Pt. 1] – ''On relations with Jewish community''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406090445/http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/10-12-00.html An Interview with Nation of Islam leader Louis  Farrakhan, Pt. 2] – ''On relations with Jewish community''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406090711/http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/10-16-00.html An Interview with Nation of Islam leader Louis  Farrakhan, Pt. 3] – ''On relations with Jewish community''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050205003958/http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/10-28-98.html Memo: To Howard P. Berkowitz, National Chair, Anti-Defamation League]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050309113921/http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/03-08-00.html Judaism is a gutter religion]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406182023/http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/07-16-98.html Another View of Blacks and Jews]

{{Antisemitism topics|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nation Of Islam And Antisemitism}}
[[Category:African American–Jewish relations]]
[[Category:Islam and antisemitism]]
[[Category:Nation of Islam]]