Editing Naarden

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->
| name                    = Naarden
| settlement_type         = [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|City]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Grote Kerk, Naarden-Vesting.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Aerial view of the historic city of Naarden
| image_flag              = Naarden vlag.svg
| image_shield            =Coat of arms of Naarden.svg
<!-- Maps, coordinates -->
<!--
| image_map               = Map - NL - Municipality code 0425 (2009).svg
| map_alt                 = Highlighted position of Naarden in a municipal map of North Holland
| map_caption             = Location in North Holland
-->
| pushpin_map             = Netherlands#Netherlands North Holland
| pushpin_label_position  = top
| pushpin_mapsize         = 250
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Netherlands##Location in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands
| coordinates             = {{coord|52|17|43|N|05|09|44|E|region:NL-NH|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[North Holland]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Gooise Meren]]
<!-- Geographic information -->
| unit_pref               = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="stat"/>
<!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2          = 
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web 
 |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |title = Postcodetool for 1411EC
 |language = nl
 |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> 
 |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis
 |access-date = 19 March 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 3
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m         =
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m         =
<!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="stat">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_excel/2021/48/kwb-2021.xls |title=Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021 |website=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=29 April 2022}}</ref>
| population_total        = 17,555
| population_as_of        = 2021
| population_density_km2  = auto <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym      = Naardenees, Naardenaar
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code             = 1410–1414
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code               = 035
| website                 = {{URL|1=http://www.naarden.nl}}
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Naarden''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈnaːrdə(n)|-|Nl-Naarden.ogg}}) is a [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|city]] and former [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] in the [[Gooi]] region in the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[North Holland]], [[Netherlands]]. It has been part of the new municipality of [[Gooise Meren]] since 2016.

==History==
{{See also|Massacre of Naarden}}
{{See also|Siege of Naarden (1673)}}
Naarden was granted its [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in 1300 (the only town in the Gooi with these rights) and later developed into a fortified garrison town with a textile industry. 

In 1572, the city was sacked and burnt down, and only 60 people survived the [[Massacre of Naarden]]. The massacre was committed by Spanish soldiers against the townspeople of Naarden as part of a punitive expedition against Dutch rebels later known as the [[Spanish Fury]]. The destruction of the city galvanized the Dutch rebels, leading them to continue the [[Eighty Years' War|Dutch War of Independence]] against Spain.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bm_uS_K_jaEC&pg=PA232|title=Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: The Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt|last=Arnade|first=Peter J.|date=2008|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0801474965|language=en}}</ref>

Naarden is an example of a [[star fort]], complete with [[fortification|fortified]] walls and a [[moat]]. The moat and walls have been restored on numerous occasions, most notably during the French era (1795-1814).{{when?|date=April 2015}} After the [[Battle of Leipzig|Battle of Leipzig (1813)]], the Netherlands were liberated by an allied force of Dutch, Prussian and Russian armies. During this period, Naarden was besieged for months since the French commander didn't believe that Napoleon was captured. In May 1814, the French soldiers left the city in a retreat with honour (see [[Siege of Naarden (1813–1814)]].

[[John Amos Comenius]], 17th century Moravian born Czech educator was buried in the city, and his mausoleum is open to visitors.

Despite its earlier importance, Naarden's population was surpassed by [[Hilversum]] in the 18th century and today it is smaller than its neighbour [[Bussum]].

[[File:NIMH - 2011 - 3706 - Aerial photograph of Naarden, The Netherlands.jpg|thumb|Aerial photograph of Naarden, inter-war period]]
The city's distinctive shape made it a rallying point for Allied bombers returning to England after raids on Germany.<ref name=Bombers>{{cite web|url=https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/plan-your-trip/day-trips/castles-and-gardens/five-dutch-fairytale-castles-fortresses|title=Five Dutch fortresses straight out of a fairy tale|access-date=November 11, 2018|publisher=IAmsterdam}}</ref> 

Naarden was a separate municipality until 2015. On 1 January 2016, the municipality of Naarden merged with [[Muiden]] and [[Bussum]] to form the new municipality of [[Gooise Meren]].

==Economy==
The company [[Stork B.V.]] had its head office in Naarden.<ref>"[http://www.stork.com/sc/Corporate/Organisation/About_Stork-Contact.html Contact information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116011910/http://www.stork.com/sc/Corporate/Organisation/About_Stork-Contact.html |date=2012-01-16 }}." [[Stork B.V.]] Retrieved on 10 January 2012. "Stork Head office Stork B.V. Amersfoortsestraatweg 7 1412 KA NAARDEN".</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Gem-Naarden-OpenTopo.jpg|thumb|left|Map of the former municipality of Naarden, June 2015]]

The city of Naarden is located in the municipality of [[Gooise Meren]] in the west of the [[Netherlands]]. It is situated in the [[Gooi]] region in the southeast of the province of [[North Holland]].

===Attractions===
[[Image:Naarden Stadhuis 001.JPG|thumb|City hall]]
[[Image:Naarden vestingpoort.jpg|thumb|Fortress gate]]
Naarden is the home of the [[Dutch Fortress Museum]] (''Nederlands Vestingmuseum''). Naarden hosts the bi-annual Naarden Photo Festival and, on [[Good Friday]], a performance of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s [[St. Matthew Passion (Bach)|St. Matthew Passion]] in the local church, which is called the Great Church or St. Vitus Church.

[[File:The Great Church, Naarden.JPG|thumb|The Great Church]]

The Great Church (''Grote Kerk'') in Marktstraat dates from the 15th century. Prior to the [[Protestant Reformation]] it was named for [[St. Vitus]]. It is one of the oldest surviving churches in The Netherlands, having had the good fortune to survive the Spanish invasion of 1572 and the subsequent burning of the town. The church has numerous wooden vaults painted with scenes from the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s. These were hidden for many years and only rediscovered in a recent restoration. The church is the venue for a number of cultural activities such as organ music nights and the bi-annual Naarden Photo festival.

[[File:The Spanish House, Naarden.JPG|thumb|right|The Spanish House, with design commemorating the massacre of 1572]]

The Spanish House (''Spaanse Huis''), situated at Turfpoortstraat 27, was originally a church building converted to house migrants. In 1572 Spanish troops [[Massacre of Naarden|conducted a massacre]] of some 700 inhabitants who had gathered to hear a peace proposal. The Spanish then fired on the assembled citizens, and went on to set fire to the town. A plaque above the lintel of the door and below the eaves commemorates the massacre. In 1615, after the population had reestablished itself, they built the city hall on the site. Part of the building was given over to De Waag (The Scales House), the municipal office entrusted with the verification of weights and measures. The building later served a French garrison as a bakery, turning out over 1000 loaves per day. From 1967 until 1992 it served as the Comenius museum. Today, the historic building serves as the Weegschaal Museum.

John Amos Comenius is buried in a mausoleum on Klooster straat. This receives many visitors from the [[Czech Republic]], where he was born. Comenius is known as the inventor of our school system with grades and different classes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://comeniusmuseum.nl |title=Het Comenius Museum |website=comeniusmuseum.nl |access-date=11 August 2024}}</ref>

==Transport==
The nearest station is [[Naarden-Bussum railway station]], which has services to [[Almere]], [[Amersfoort]], [[Amsterdam]] and [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]].

==Notable residents==
{{See also|Gooise_Meren#Notable_people}}
* [[Nordin Amrabat]] (born 1987), football player
* [[Willem Arondeus]] (1894–1943), professional artist, author and [[Dutch Resistance]] member
* [[Tim Coronel]] (born 1972), racing driver
* [[Tom Coronel]] (born 1972), racing driver
* [[Maarten de Bruijn]] (born 1965), product designer
* [[Annemarie Groen]] (born 1955), backstroke swimmer
* [[Egbert Haverkamp-Begemann]] (1923–2017), art historian
* [[Tom van 't Hek]] (born 1958), field hockey player and coach
* [[Frank Martin (composer)|Frank Martin]] (1890–1974), Swiss composer who lived in Naarden from 1954 
* [[Bertil Schmüll]] (born 1946), engraver
* [[Salomon van Ruysdael]] (~1602–1670), painter
* [[Bart Visman]] (born 1962), composer
* [[Jip Janssen]] (born 1997), Olympic gold medal winning field hockey player

==See also==
{{Portal|Netherlands}}
*[[Naarderbos]]
*[[Spanish Empire]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Naarden}}
* [http://www.naarden.nl/ Official website]
* [http://www.naarden.oudeansichten.nl A view on the old city of Naarden]

{{Commons category|Naarden|position=left}}

{{Dutch municipality Gooise Meren}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Geography of Gooise Meren]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of North Holland]]
[[Category:Populated places in North Holland]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2016]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Fortifications in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Fortified settlements]]
[[Category:Star forts]]
[[Category:1300 establishments in Europe]]