Editing Murmansk

{{short description|City in Murmansk Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other uses| Murmansk (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Murmansk
| ru_name                 = Мурманск
| loc_name1               = Мурман ланнҍ
| loc_lang1               = [[Kildin Sami]]
| loc_name2               = Murmánska
| loc_lang2               = [[Northern Sami]]
| loc_name3               = Muurman<ref name="nds-muurman">{{cite web |title=Muurman (subst. erisnimi) |url=https://saan.oahpa.no/detail/sms/fin/Muurman.html |access-date=October 11, 2023 |website=Neahttadigisánit}}</ref> 
| loc_lang3               = [[Skolt Sami]] 
| image_skyline           = Murmansk.jpg
| image_caption           = Murmansk skyline
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = Russia Murmansk Oblast#European Russia#Europe
| coordinates             = {{coord|68|58|14|N|33|04|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = 
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = RUS Murmansk COA.svg
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = 4&nbsp;October
| holiday_ref             = <ref name="Holiday">{{cite news |last=Stepanova, Anna |date=September 29, 2017 |title=День города в Мурманске 2017: программа праздника и перекрытия дорог |url=https://www.murmansk.kp.ru/daily/26738.7/3765418/ |access-date=November 20, 2017 |website=[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]}}</ref>
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Murmansk Oblast]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="Ref395" />
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Murmansk
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="Ref395" />
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = 
| capital_of_ref          = 
| adm_ctr_of1             = Murmansk Oblast
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="Ref395" />
| adm_ctr_of2             = City of Murmansk
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = <ref name="Ref395" />
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="Ref395" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Murmansk Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="Ref811" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref = 
| inter_settlement_territory = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Murmansk Urban Okrug 
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="Ref811" /> 
| mun_admctr_of2          = 
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = 
| leader_title            = Head/Mayor
| leader_title_ref        = 
| leader_name             = Dmitry Filippov (Head)<br />Evgeniy Nikora (Mayor)
| leader_name_ref         = 
| representative_body     = [[Council of Deputies of the City of Murmansk|Council of Deputies]]
| representative_body_ref = 
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 168.14
| area_km2_ref            = 
| pop_2010census          = 
| pop_2010census_rank     = 
| pop_2010census_ref      = 
| pop_latest              = 270384
| pop_latest_date         = 2021
| pop_latest_ref          = <ref name="2021Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2021Census}}</ref><ref name="2014Est">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2014/bul_dr/mun_obr2014.rar |title=Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2014 года |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810202114/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2014/bul_dr/mun_obr2014.rar |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 4&nbsp;October 1916
| established_title       = Official foundation<br />date (''see text'')
| established_date_ref    = <ref name="ATSBook24" />
| current_cat_date        = 19&nbsp;July 1916
| current_cat_date_ref    = <ref name="ATSBook24" />
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 183000–183099
| postal_codes_ref        = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.russianpost.ru/PostOfficeFindInterface/FindOPSByPostOfficeID.aspx?index=183000 |title=Main Murmansk post office |access-date=July 18, 2010 |archive-date=February 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226151741/http://www.russianpost.ru/PostOfficeFindInterface/FindOPSByPostOfficeID.aspx?index=183000 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| dialing_codes           = 8152
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = citymurmansk.ru
}}
'''Murmansk''' ({{langx|ru|Мурманск}}) is a [[port city]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Murmansk Oblast]] in the far [[Far North (Russia)|northwest part]] of [[Russia]]. It is the world's largest city north of the [[Arctic Circle]] and sits on both slopes and banks of a modest [[fjord]], [[Kola Bay]], an estuarine inlet of the [[Barents Sea]], with its bulk on the east bank of the inlet. The city is a major port of the [[Arctic Ocean]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theworldgeography.com/2011/12/10-largest-cities-within-arctic-circle.html|title=10 Largest Cities Within the Arctic Circle}}</ref> and is about {{convert|100|km}} from the [[Norway–Russia border|border with Norway]], {{convert|180|km}} from the [[Finland–Russia border|border with Finland]] and {{convert|1930|km}} from [[Moscow]].

Benefiting from the [[North Atlantic Current]], Murmansk resembles cities of its size across western Russia, with highway and railway access to the rest of [[Europe]], and the northernmost [[trolleybus]] system on Earth. Its connectivity contrasts with the isolation of Arctic ports like the [[Siberia]]n [[Dikson (urban-type settlement)|Dikson]] on the shores of the [[Kara Sea]], and [[Iqaluit]], in the [[Canadian Arctic]]. Despite long, snowy winters, Murmansk's climate is moderated by the generally ice-free waters around it.

Although there was a building boom in the early twentieth century's arms races, Murmansk's population has been in decline since the [[Cold War]], from {{su-census1989|468,039|;}} {{ru-census2002|336,137|;}} {{ru-census2010|307,257|;}} to 270,384 (2021 Census).<ref>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name of the city is derived from ''Murman'', from an old name for [[Norwegian people|Norwegians]] by Russians, likely a borrowing from Old Norse ''[[wiktionary:norðmaðr|norðmaðr]]'', which gave its name to the [[Murman Coast]] and the surrounding region including the [[Kola Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера |page=Мурман}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Панорама центральной части г. Мурманска (съемка с самолета), 1936 г.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of Murmansk, 1936]]
[[File:Разрушенный Мурманск 1942 год.JPG|thumb|War destruction in Murmansk (1942)]]
[[File:MurmanskProspektLenin.jpg|thumb|Central part of Murmansk]]

Murmansk was the last city founded in the [[Russian Empire]].<ref>''[[The Moscow Times]]''. [http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/murmansk.html It's Always Colder in Murmansk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910121807/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/murmansk.html |date=September 10, 2015 }}, May 20, 2012</ref> In 1915, [[World War I]] needs led to the construction of the railroad from [[Petrozavodsk]] to an ice-free location on the [[Murman Coast]] in the [[Extreme North (Russia)|Russian Arctic]], to which Russia's [[Allies of World War I | allies]] shipped military supplies.<ref name="ATSBook24">''Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast'', p.&nbsp;24</ref> The terminus became known as the Murman station and soon boasted a port, a naval base, and an adjacent settlement with a population that quickly grew in size and soon surpassed the nearby towns of [[Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast|Alexandrovsk]] and [[Kola (town)|Kola]].<ref name="ATSBook24" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Alexander |year=2007 |title=Russian and Soviet Naval Power and the Arctic from the XVI Century to the Beginning of the Great Patriotic War |journal=The Journal of Slavic Military Studies |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=359–392 |doi=10.1080/13518040701532958 |s2cid=145005700}}</ref>

On {{OldStyleDateNY|June&nbsp;29|July&nbsp;12}}, 1916, Russian [[Transport Minister (Russia)|Transport Minister]] [[Alexander Trepov]] petitioned to grant urban status to the railway settlement.<ref name="ATSBook24" /> On {{OldStyleDateNY|July&nbsp;6|July&nbsp;19}}, 1916, the petition was approved and the town was named '''Romanov-on-Murman''' ({{lang|ru|Рома́нов-на-Му́рмане}}, ''Romanov-na-Murmane''), after the Imperial Russian dynasty, the [[House of Romanov|Romanov]]s.<ref name="ATSBook24" /> On {{OldStyleDateNY|September&nbsp;21|October&nbsp;4}}, 1916, the official ceremony was performed,<ref name="ATSBook24" /> and the date is now considered the official date of the city's foundation. After the [[February Revolution]] of March 1917, on {{OldStyleDateNY|April&nbsp;3|April&nbsp;16}}, 1917, the town was given its present name.<ref name="ATSBook60">''Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast'', pp.&nbsp;60–63</ref>
[[File:Английский крейсер Глори на Мурманском рейде.JPG|thumb|right|[[HMS Glory (1899)|HMS ''Glory'']], flagship of the [[British North Russia Squadron]] in Murmansk in the [[First World War]]]]

In the winter of 1917 the [[British North Russia Squadron]] under [[Rear Admiral]] [[Thomas Webster Kemp|Thomas Kemp]] was based at Murmansk.<ref name="Kinvig">{{Citation |last=Clifford Kinvig |title=Churchill's Crusade |date=November 23, 2007 |publisher=Hambledon & London |isbn=9781847250216 |oclc=747256147 |ol=9819337M |id=1847250211}}</ref>

From 1918 to 1920, during the [[Russian Civil War]], the town was [[North Russia intervention|occupied by the Western powers]], who had been [[Allies of World War I|allied]] in [[World War I]], and was also controlled by [[White movement|White Army]] forces.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bolshevik, North Russian, Royal Navy, Expeditionary Force, Archangel, Dvina River |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1z05NorthRussia.htm |access-date=2010-12-08 |publisher=Naval-history.net}}</ref>

On February&nbsp;13, 1926, local self-government was organized in Murmansk for the first time, during a [[plenary session]] of the Murmansk City [[Soviet (council)|Soviet]], which elected a Presidium.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> Before this, the city was governed by the authorities of [[Alexandrovsky Uyezd, Arkhangelsk Governorate|Alexandrovsky Uyezd]] and later of [[Murmansk Governorate]].<ref name="ATSBook60" /> On August&nbsp;1, 1927, the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]] (VTsIK) issued two resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast", which transformed Murmansk Governorate into [[Murmansk Okrug]] within [[Leningrad Oblast]] and made Murmansk the administrative center of Murmansk Okrug.<ref name="ATSBook60" />

In 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which included a plan to enlarge the city by merging the surrounding territories in the north, south, and west into Murmansk.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> While this plan was not confirmed by the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee, in 1935–1937 several rural localities of [[Kolsky District|Kolsky]] and [[Polyarny District]]s were merged into Murmansk anyway.<ref name="ATSBook60" />

According to the Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee resolution of February&nbsp;26, 1935, the administrative center of Polyarny District was moved from [[Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast|Polyarnoye]] to [[Sayda-Guba]].<ref name="ATSBook48">''Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast'', p.&nbsp;48</ref> However, the provisions of the resolution were not fully implemented, and due to military construction in Polyarnoye, the administrative center was instead moved to Murmansk in the beginning of 1935.<ref name="ATSBook48" /> In addition to being the administrative center of Murmansk Okrug, Murmansk continued to serve as the administrative center of Polyarny District until September&nbsp;11, 1938.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> On February&nbsp;10, 1938, when the VTsIK adopted a Resolution changing the administrative-territorial structure of Murmansk Okrug, the city of Murmansk became a separate administrative division of the okrug, equal in status to that of the districts.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> This status was retained when Murmansk Okrug was transformed into Murmansk Oblast on May&nbsp;28, 1938.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> The Germans were promised the use of the port they called {{lang | de | Norwegenhafen}} for transportation of goods and raw materials from 1922 to 1941.

During [[World War II]], Murmansk was a link to the Western world for the [[Soviet Union]], with large quantities of goods important to the respective military efforts traded with the USSR's [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]: primarily military equipment, manufactured goods and raw materials brought into the Soviet Union. The supplies were brought to the city in the [[Arctic convoys of World War II|Arctic convoys]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=Alexander |year=2007 |title=British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 – June 1942 |journal=The Journal of Military History |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=773–808 |doi=10.1353/jmh.2007.0206 |jstor=30052890 |s2cid=159715267}}</ref>

German forces in Finnish territory launched an offensive against Murmansk in 1941 as part of [[Operation Silver Fox]]. Fierce Soviet resistance and harsh local weather, with the bad terrain, prevented the Germans from capturing it. The ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' bombed the city 792 times during World War II.<ref>Hansen, Trond. 25 June 2021. "[https://www.sva.no/2021/magasin/dagen-for-mot-og-utholdenhet/ Dagen for mot og utholdenhet]{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" [day of courage and endurance]. [[Sør-Varanger Avis]]. P.10</ref> Murmansk suffered extensive destruction, the magnitude of which was rivaled only by the destruction in [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] and [[Volgograd|Stalingrad]].<ref>[http://www.rian.ru/society/20061004/54494341.html Мурманску исполняется 90 лет]{{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.b-port.com/info/smi/vm/?issue=538&article=10256|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620125619/http://www.b-port.com/info/smi/vm/?issue=538&article=10256|url-status=dead|title=Газета «Вечерний Мурманск» Выпуск № 93 от 28 мая 2005|archive-date=June 20, 2016}}</ref>

For the rest of the war, Murmansk served as a transit point for weapons and other supplies entering the Soviet Union from other Allied nations. The city's resistance was commemorated at the 40th anniversary of the victory over the Germans in the formal designation of Murmansk as a [[Hero City (Soviet Union)|Hero City]] on May&nbsp;6, 1985.<ref>{{cite web |date=1916-10-04 |title=Nature Administrative-territorial system |url=http://2004.murman.ru/nature/adm_delenie/murmansk/index-eng.shtml |access-date=2009-05-05 |publisher=2004.murman.ru}}</ref> During the [[Cold War]] Murmansk was a center of Soviet [[submarine]] and icebreaker activity. After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], the nearby city and naval base of [[Severomorsk]] remains the headquarters of the Russian [[Northern Fleet]].

In 1974, a massive {{convert|35.5|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall statue ''[[Alyosha Monument, Murmansk|Alyosha]]'', depicting a Soviet World War II soldier, was installed on a {{convert|7|m|sp=us|adj=on}} high foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intltravelnews.com/2012/04/alyosha-granite-monument-russias-litsa-riv|title=Alyosha, granite monument on Russia's Litsa River}}</ref> The [[Azimut Hotel Murmansk|Hotel Arctic]] opened in 1984, becoming the tallest building above the Arctic Circle.

On January&nbsp;1, 2015, the territory of Murmansk was expanded when the [[urban-type settlement]] of [[Roslyakovo, Murmansk Oblast|Roslyakovo]], previously under the jurisdiction of the [[closed city|closed administrative-territorial formation]] of Severomorsk, was abolished and its territory merged into Murmansk.<ref name="Roslyakovo">Law #1812-01-ZMO</ref>

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is incorporated as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Murmansk'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Murmansk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref395">Law #96-01-ZMO</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the City of Murmansk is incorporated as '''Murmansk Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref811">Law #531-01-ZMO</ref>

===City divisions===
[[File:Мурманск..JPG|thumb|Lenin Avenue|alt=|right]]

{{As of|2012}}, the city is divided into three administrative okrugs:<ref name="MurmanskCharter">Charter of Murmansk, Article&nbsp;3.1</ref>
*[[Leninsky Administrative Okrug, Murmansk|Leninsky]] (Ленинский (Lenin))
*[[Oktyabrsky Administrative Okrug, Murmansk|Oktyabrsky]] (Октябрьский (October))
*[[Pervomaysky Administrative Okrug|Pervomaysky]] (Первомайский (First May))

City districts were established in Murmansk for the first time by the Decree of the [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR]] of April&nbsp;20, 1939; at the time, three city districts ([[Kirovsky City District, Murmansk|Kirovsky]], Leninsky, and Mikoyanovsky) were created.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> They were abolished on June&nbsp;2, 1948.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> The same city districts were created for the second time on June&nbsp;23, 1951.<ref name="ATSBook60" />

Mikoyanovsky City District was renamed Oktyabrsky on October&nbsp;30, 1957, but on September&nbsp;30, 1958, all three city districts were again abolished.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> On June&nbsp;10, 1967, two city districts were created (Leninsky and Oktyabrsky); Pervomaysky City District was split from Oktyabrsky on February&nbsp;21, 1975.<ref name="ATSBook60" /> In the Charter of the Hero City of Murmansk, adopted on December&nbsp;17, 1995, the districts started to be referred to as administrative okrugs.

==Geography==
[[File:Photographing Murmansk from Omni Hotel Murmansk.jpg|thumb|View of Murmansk]]

===Climate===
Murmansk experiences a [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfc''), with long and cold (though average by [[arctic]] standards) winters and short, cool summers. In the city, freezing temperatures are routinely experienced from October to May. Average temperatures exceed 0 degrees Celsius only from May through October. The average low during the coldest part of the year in Murmansk is approximately {{convert|-14|C}}. However, temperatures routinely plunge below {{convert|-20|C}} during the winter.

Murmansk's brief summer is mild, with average highs in July exceeding {{convert|+17|C}}. The city is slightly wetter during the summer than the winter and receives an annual average of just under {{convert|500|mm|abbr=on}} of [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]].

The "[[midnight sun]]" is above the horizon from 22 May to 23 July (63 days), and the period with continuous darkness is somewhat shorter — the [[polar night]] lasts from 2 December to 10 January (40 days).

Extreme temperatures range from {{convert|−39.4|C}} on January 6, 1985, and January 27, 1999, up to {{convert|32.9|C}} on July 9, 1972; the record cold daily maximum is {{convert|−36.1|C}}, set on January 6, 1985, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|21.3|C}} last set on July 9, 1972.<ref>{{cite web |title=Météo Climat stats for Mourmansk |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=230 |access-date=13 October 2018 |publisher=Météo Climat |language=fr}}</ref>

Murmansk has been affected by [[global warming]] in recent decades, [[Climate change in the Arctic|similar to other Arctic locations]]. For example, December 2007 had an average high of {{convert|0.8|C}}, while a {{convert|2.3|C}} average high was measured for March 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=December 2007 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=12&year=2007 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=March 2007 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=3&year=2007 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref> Summer has also been affected, with a {{convert|19.1|C}} average high for June 2013, and a {{convert|24.3|C}} average high during July 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=June 2013 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=6&year=2013 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=July 2018 |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=22113&month=7&year=2018 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Roshydromet |language=ru}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Murmansk (1991–2020, extremes 1918–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 7.0
| Feb record high C = 6.6
| Mar record high C = 9.0
| Apr record high C = 17.6
| May record high C = 29.4
| Jun record high C = 30.8
| Jul record high C = 32.9
| Aug record high C = 30.2
| Sep record high C = 24.2
| Oct record high C = 15.0
| Nov record high C = 11.7
| Dec record high C = 7.2
| year record high C = 32.9
| Jan avg record high C = 1.7
| Feb avg record high C = 2.0
| Mar avg record high C = 4.5
| Apr avg record high C = 10.3
| May avg record high C = 19.1
| Jun avg record high C = 24.4
| Jul avg record high C = 26.9
| Aug avg record high C = 23.9
| Sep avg record high C = 17.8
| Oct avg record high C = 9.7
| Nov avg record high C = 3.9
| Dec avg record high C = 2.9
| year avg record high C = 27.7
| Jan high C = -6.5
| Feb high C = -6.4
| Mar high C = -1.9
| Apr high C = 2.9
| May high C = 8.4
| Jun high C = 13.8
| Jul high C = 17.7
| Aug high C = 15.3
| Sep high C = 10.7
| Oct high C = 3.6
| Nov high C = -1.8
| Dec high C = -4.1
| year high C = 4.3
| Jan mean C = -9.6
| Feb mean C = -9.3
| Mar mean C = -5.1
| Apr mean C = -0.3
| May mean C = 4.6
| Jun mean C = 9.4
| Jul mean C = 13.2
| Aug mean C = 11.5
| Sep mean C = 7.6
| Oct mean C = 1.6
| Nov mean C = -4.0
| Dec mean C = -6.8
| year mean C = 1.1
| Jan low C = -12.7
| Feb low C = -12.3
| Mar low C = -8.2
| Apr low C = -3.3
| May low C = 1.5
| Jun low C = 5.9
| Jul low C = 9.6
| Aug low C = 8.3
| Sep low C = 5.1
| Oct low C = -0.3
| Nov low C = -6.2
| Dec low C = -9.6
| year low C = -1.8
| Jan avg record low C = -25.1
| Feb avg record low C = -24.4
| Mar avg record low C = -19.1
| Apr avg record low C = -12.1
| May avg record low C = -3.8
| Jun avg record low C = 1.2
| Jul avg record low C = 5.2
| Aug avg record low C = 3.2
| Sep avg record low C = -0.4
| Oct avg record low C = -8.1
| Nov avg record low C = -16.4
| Dec avg record low C = -20.7
| year avg record low C = -28.5
| Jan record low C = -39.4
| Feb record low C = -38.6
| Mar record low C = -32.6
| Apr record low C = -24.0
| May record low C = -10.3
| Jun record low C = -2.8
| Jul record low C = 1.7
| Aug record low C = -2.0
| Sep record low C = -10.1
| Oct record low C = -21.2
| Nov record low C = -32.2
| Dec record low C = -34.9
| year record low C = -39.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 34
| Feb precipitation mm = 24
| Mar precipitation mm = 29
| Apr precipitation mm = 29
| May precipitation mm = 37
| Jun precipitation mm = 56
| Jul precipitation mm = 66
| Aug precipitation mm = 71
| Sep precipitation mm = 54
| Oct precipitation mm = 56
| Nov precipitation mm = 36
| Dec precipitation mm = 37
| year precipitation mm = 529
| Jan snow depth cm = 26
| Feb snow depth cm = 28
| Mar snow depth cm = 30
| Apr snow depth cm = 19
| May snow depth cm = 2
| Jun snow depth cm = 0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0
| Oct snow depth cm = 3
| Nov snow depth cm = 11
| Dec snow depth cm = 19
| year snow depth cm = 30
| Jan humidity = 84
| Feb humidity = 83
| Mar humidity = 79
| Apr humidity = 73
| May humidity = 72
| Jun humidity = 70
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 79
| Sep humidity = 80
| Oct humidity = 83
| Nov humidity = 86
| Dec humidity = 85
| year humidity = 79
| Jan rain days = 2
| Feb rain days = 2
| Mar rain days = 3
| Apr rain days = 9
| May rain days = 18
| Jun rain days = 22
| Jul rain days = 22
| Aug rain days = 22
| Sep rain days = 24
| Oct rain days = 17
| Nov rain days = 5
| Dec rain days = 3
| year rain days = 149
| Jan snow days = 27
| Feb snow days = 28
| Mar snow days = 24
| Apr snow days = 19
| May snow days = 14
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 20
| Nov snow days = 24
| Dec snow days = 27
| year snow days = 183
| Jan sun = 1.9
| Feb sun = 44.5
| Mar sun = 133.4
| Apr sun = 188.6
| May sun = 205.2
| Jun sun = 234.8
| Jul sun = 249.4
| Aug sun = 165.4
| Sep sun = 108.3
| Oct sun = 51.7
| Nov sun = 5.8
| Dec sun = 0
| year sun = 
|source 1=Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |script-title=ru:Климат Мурманска |trans-title=The Climate of Murmansk |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/22113.htm |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) |language=ru}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |title=Murmansk Climate Normals 1991–2020 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/Murmansk_22113.csv|access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> Infoclimat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/annee/1991/murmansk/valeurs/22113.html|title=Climatologie de l'année à Murmansk|publisher=Infoclimat|language=|access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable"
|-
!Colspan=14|Sea temperature data for Murmansk
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-29.8}}"|3.4<br />(38.12)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-32.5}}"|2.5<br />(36.5)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-34.3}}"|1.9<br />(35.42)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-33.4}}"|2.2<br />(35.96)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-28.3}}"|3.9<br />(35.96)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-18.7}}"|7.1<br />(44.78)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-8.5}}"|10.5<br />(50.9)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-7.3}}"|10.9<br />(51.62)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-13}}"|9<br />(48.2)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-19}}"|7<br />(44.6)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-24.1}}"|5.3<br />(41.54)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-26.2}}"|4.6<br />(40.28)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-22.93}}"|5.69<br />(42.245)
|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#fff; font-weight:normal; font-size:100%;"|Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russia.pogoda360.ru/807161/|title = Погода в Мурманске сейчас. Температура воды в море. Подробный прогноз. Мурманск на карте погоды}}</ref>
|}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Source: Census data
|1926 | 8716
|1939 | 117069
|1959 | 221874
|1970 | 308642
|1979 | 380817
|1989 | 468039
|2002 | 336137
|2010 | 307257
|2021 | 270384
}}
[[File:Murmansk (19591668996).jpg|thumb|Children in Murmansk]]
The population of the city, according to the 2010 Census, was 307,257, of these, 141,130 men (45.9%) and 166,127 women (54.1%),<ref name="ms">Статистический сборник [http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/census/DocLib1/Тома%20официальной%20публикации%20итогов%20ВПН-2010.aspx Численность, размещение и возрастно-половой состав населения Мурманской области. Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения. Том 1. 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222192055/http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/census/DocLib1/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%92%D0%9F%D0%9D-2010.aspx|date=December 22, 2012}} / Федеральная служба государственной статистики, Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Мурманской области. Мурманск, 2012 — 75 с.</ref><ref name="murmanskstat.gks.ru">{{cite web |title=Численность населения Мурманской области по полу на 14 октября 2010 года |url=http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/census/DocLib7/02.doc |access-date=January 10, 2019}}{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> down from 468,039 recorded in the 1989 Census. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city has been consistently losing population, as the extensive military facilities the city is built around have declined. Ethnic [[Russians]] make up the majority of the population, but [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] and [[Belarusians|Belarusian]] minorities also live in the city.

Ethnic composition (2010):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/murmanskstat/resources/073db3804e81006b8608f7b8fc91c3ba/16.xls |title=Распределение населения Мурманской области по наиболее многочисленным национальностям по муниципальным образованиям |access-date=2021-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173152/http://murmanskstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/murmanskstat/resources/073db3804e81006b8608f7b8fc91c3ba/16.xls|archive-date=2016-03-03 }}</ref>
* [[Russians]] – 89.6%
* [[Ukrainians]] – 4.6%
* [[Belarusians]] – 1.6%
* [[Tatars]] – 0.8%
* [[Azerbaijanis]] – 0.7%
* Others – 2.6%

==Politics==
In November 2010, direct mayoral elections were abolished; they were reinstituted in January 2014, with the most recent elections for mayor and city council taking place in September 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://2014-2015.vybor-naroda.org/lentanovostey/51957-vybory-mera-murmanska-proydut-14-sentyabrya.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201203709/http://2014-2015.vybor-naroda.org/lentanovostey/51957-vybory-mera-murmanska-proydut-14-sentyabrya.html|url-status=dead|title=Выборы мэра Мурманска пройдут 14 сентября »|archive-date=February 1, 2014|website=2014-2015.vybor-naroda.org}}</ref>

== Museums and monuments ==
Murmansk has two main museums: Murmansk Oblast Museum and Murmansk Oblast Art Museum; there are also several small museums. There are three professional theaters, libraries, and an [[public aquarium|aquarium]] in Murmansk.
Murmansk is the venue of the decommissioned ''[[Lenin (1957 icebreaker)|Lenin]]'' which is now a museum ship.
[[Alyosha Monument, Murmansk]] or Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War monument is also located in Murmansk. The main square of Murmansk is [[Five Corners, Murmansk]].
<gallery mode="packed">
Атомный ледокол "Ленин".jpg|''[[Lenin (1957 icebreaker)|Lenin]]'', converted into a museum ship
House_with_no_light.jpg|Monument of sailors in Murmansk
Вечный огонь у Алеши.JPG|Memorial to Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War
Памятник жертвам интервенции 1918-1920 г.jpg|Monument to the victims of the [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War|intervention of 1918–1920]], Murmansk
</gallery>

== Culture ==
There are three professional theaters in Murmansk. The oldest is the Murmansk Puppetry, which opened in 1933. The largest in the city was the Murmansk Regional Drama Theater, which opened in 1939. The Drama Theater of the Northern Fleet was opened in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://region.murman.ru/society/culture/theaters/index.shtml |title=Наыеярбн » Йскэрспю – Лсплюмяй Х Лсплюмяйюъ Накюярэ |publisher=Region.murman.ru |access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed">
Театр Северного флота.JPG|Drama Theater of the Northern Fleet
Oblastnoi_dramteatr_murmansk.jpg|Murmansk Regional Drama Theater
Театр кукол летом.png|Murmansk Puppetry
</gallery>

==Sports==
The city's association football teams are [[FC Sever Murmansk]], which played in the Russian Second Division until 2014 when it folded due to financial difficulties, and [[FC Murmansk]], a football team founded in 2022.

<gallery mode="packed">
Стадион_«Строитель»,_Мурманск.jpg|[[Stadium Stroitel (Murmansk)|Stadium Stroitel]]
Хоккей на стадионе «Строитель».jpg|Bandy at Stroitel stadium
Центральный стадион в Мурманске..JPG|[[Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion (Murmansk)|Trade Unions Central Stadium]] venue of [[FC Sever Murmansk]]
Плавательный бассейн.JPG|Murmansk Municipal Swimming Pool
Перед стартом марафона на Празднике Севера 31 марта 2013 года.JPG|[[:ru:Праздник Севера|Polar Olympiada]] in 2013
</gallery>
[[Bandy]] club [[Murman Murmansk|Murman]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Translate |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/135/&prev=/search?q=http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/135/&biw=1093&bih=614 |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=translate.google.com}}</ref> has played in the [[Russian Bandy Super League]], last in 2011–2012. Between 2012 and 2018, they were playing in the second tier [[Russian Bandy Supreme League]], but will from the 2018–19 season be a Super League team again.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/11995/|title = Google Translate}}</ref> Their home arena, [[Stadium Stroitel (Murmansk)|Stadium Stroitel]], has an audience capacity of 5,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Translate |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/13/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/13/%26hl%3Den%26tbo%3Dd%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D545&sa=X&ei=hx-7UInoO4j_4QTTnYCoAQ&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAA |access-date=2013-03-12 |publisher=Translate.google.se}}</ref>

The city is one of only three places with representation in the female league, through the team [[Arktika (bandy club)|Arktika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rusbandy.ru/club/48/|title=Информация о команде "Арктика" Мурманск - Реестр - Федерация хоккея с мячом России|website=rusbandy.ru}}</ref> Proximity to pole and its side effects, [[Polar Night]], has brought sport festivals such as {{ill|North Festival Polar Olympiad|ru|ruПраздник Севера}} and {{ill|Sun Festival|ru|Праздник Солнца}}. The former has been awarded every year since the inaugural tournament in 1934.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sport.gov-murman.ru/events/prazdnik-severa/|title=Праздник Севера|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=November 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121171648/https://sport.gov-murman.ru/events/prazdnik-severa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Norway, Finland, Sweden, Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic countries take part in the North Festival Polar Olympiad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://norse.ru/culture/common/nord-holiday.html |title=Международный Праздник Севера - Полярная Олимпиада |website=norse.ru |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619211551/http://norse.ru/culture/common/nord-holiday.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Religion==
To commemorate the 85th anniversary of the city's foundation, the snow-white Church of the Saviour on the Waters was modeled after the [[White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal]] and built on the shore for the sailors of Murmansk.<ref>[http://photo.murman.ru/www/vcards.nsf/images/NT00076D1E/$FILE/001.jpg see photograph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011120641/http://photo.murman.ru/www/vcards.nsf/images/NT00076D1E/$FILE/001.jpg |date=October 11, 2006 }})</ref>

Fifteen religious associations have been registered in Murmansk.<ref name="listOfRelig">{{cite web |title=Религиозные объединения |url=http://www.gov-murman.ru/society/religious/index.shtml?name=gov-society-religious&base=index |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221072930/http://gov-murman.ru/society/religious/index.shtml?name=gov-society-religious&base=index |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=January 10, 2019 |publisher=Официальный портал Мурманской области}}</ref> The largest is the Russian Orthodox Church. Murmansk is the center of its Murmansk and Monchegorsk diocese, as well as the Murmansk Metropolis. The city has about a dozen Orthodox churches. The department of the head of the diocese and the metropolis of Metropolitan Simon is located in St. Nicholas Cathedral.<ref>{{cite web |title=Храмы епархии |url=http://www.mmeparh.ru/node/92 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620083104/http://www.mmeparh.ru/node/92 |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |access-date=2012-06-15 |publisher=Сайт Мурманской и Мончегорской епархии}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Культура, образование, наука, спорт, церковь |url=http://www.citymurmansk.ru/eng/murmansk/history/kultura_obrazova/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053315/https://www.citymurmansk.ru/eng/murmansk/history/kultura_obrazova/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2012-06-15 |publisher=Администрация города Мурманска – официальный сайт}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
Church of the Saviour-on-Water Murmansk 4.JPG|Church of the Saviour on the Waters, Murmansk
Храм Архангела Михаила (Мурманск).jpg|St. Michael the Archangel's Church
Всехсвятская церковь. Мурманск.jpg|All Saints' Church
Комплекс Свято-Никольского кафедрального собора.JPG|St. Nicholas Cathedral
</gallery>

==Economy==
===Media===
Murmansk's evening newspaper is ''[[Vecherniy Murmansk]]''; it has been published since 1991.

===Transportation===
The port of Murmansk remains ice-free year round due to the warm [[North Atlantic Current]] and is an important fishing and shipping destination. It is home port to [[Atomflot]], the world's only fleet of [[nuclear-powered icebreaker]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atomflot – Bellona |url=http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/civilian_nuclear_vessels/radwaste/30138 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181054/http://www.bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/civilian_nuclear_vessels/radwaste/30138 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |access-date=2010-12-07 |publisher=Bellona |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The [[Port of Murmansk]] is the headquarters of [[Northern Sea Route|Sevmorput]] (Northern Sea Route) and the administration of Russian Arctic maritime transport. In 2018, the Russian government transferred the main responsibility for the Northern Sea Route to [[Rosatom]] which through its ROSATOMFLOT subsidiary manages the Russian nuclear powered icebreaker fleet based in Murmansk.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2018/07/vyasheslav-ruksha-will-lead-newly-established-northern-sea-route-directorate | title= Vyacheslav Ruksha will lead the newly established Northern Sea Route Directorate |first=Thomas |last=Nilsen | date=2018-07-18 | work=The Barents Observer | access-date=2020-12-17 | archive-date=2020-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023132/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2018/07/vyasheslav-ruksha-will-lead-newly-established-northern-sea-route-directorate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://calrev.org/2019/07/18/cold-ambition-the-new-geopolitical-faultline/?v=7516fd43adaa|title=Cold Ambition: The New Geopolitical Faultline|last=Henderson|first=Isaiah|date=July 18, 2019|work=The California Review|access-date=December 17, 2020|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112224453/https://calrev.org/2019/07/18/cold-ambition-the-new-geopolitical-faultline/?v=7516fd43adaa}}</ref>

Murmansk is linked by the [[Kirov Railway]] to [[Saint Petersburg|St.&nbsp;Petersburg]] and is linked to the rest of Russia by the [[M18 highway (Russia)|M18 Kola Motorway]]. [[Murmansk Airport]] provides air links to [[Moscow]] and St.&nbsp;Petersburg.

Buses and trolleybuses provide local transport.

<gallery mode="packed">
Вокзал станции Мурманск.jpg|Murmansk central rail station
MurmanskHarbour.jpg|[[Port of Murmansk]]
Murmansk.Trolleybus№6.jpg|Trolley [[Trolza|Ziu]]-682 with [[Azimut Hotel Murmansk]] in the background
Развязка Восточно-объездной дороги и Планерной улицы на подъезде к Мурманску.jpg|An [[interchange (road)|interchange]] of the Eastern Bypass Road and Planernaya Street
Murmansk (MMK - ULMM) AN1445818.jpg|[[Murmansk Airport]]
</gallery>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
Draha_na_murmansk.png|[[Kirov Railway]] connects Murmansk city and [[Saint Petersburg]].
Arctic_Routes_(RUS).svg|[[Arctic Bridge]] sea route linking Murmansk to the Canadian port of [[Churchill, Manitoba|Churchill]], [[Manitoba]]. </gallery>

====Arctic Bridge====
Murmansk is set to be the Russian terminus of the [[Arctic Bridge]], a sea route linking it to the [[Canada|Canadian]] port of [[Churchill, Manitoba|Churchill]], [[Manitoba]]. Even though the passage has not been fully tested for commercial shipping yet, Russian interest in this project (along with the [[Northwest Passage]]) is substantial, as the bridge will serve as a major trade route between [[North America]], [[Europe]] and [[Asia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-18 |title=Chinese goods may come to US via Murmansk |work=Barentsnova |url=http://barentsnova.com/business-overview/our-stories/1883-chinese-goods-may-come-to-us-via-murmansk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912114947/http://barentsnova.com/business%2Doverview/our%2Dstories/1883%2Dchinese%2Dgoods%2Dmay%2Dcome%2Dto%2Dus%2Dvia%2Dmurmansk/ |archive-date=2014-09-12}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:МГТУ.jpg|thumb|[[Murmansk State Technical University]].]]
Murmansk is home to [[Murmansk State Technical University]], the [[Murmansk Arctic State University]] (formerly Murmansk State Pedagogical University), the Murmansk Institute of Humanities and the [[Murmansk College of Arts]]<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ru:Мурманский колледж искусств |trans-title=Murmansk College of Arts |url=http://mki-51.ru/ |access-date=2017-07-03 |website=mki-51.ru |language=ru |archive-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919224607/http://mki-51.ru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (the only art school of the [[Kola Peninsula]], formerly the 'Murmansk Music School').  The city has 86 primary schools and 56 secondary schools, two boarding schools, and three reform schools.  There is also a branch of the Naval Academy in Murmansk, where cadets study, to become officers of the [[Russian Navy]].

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Murmansk is [[sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Сведения об официальной деятельности |url=https://www.citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=127 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531051224/https://www.citymurmansk.ru/strukturnye_podr/?itemid=127 |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=2020-02-03 |website=citymurmansk.ru |publisher=Murmansk |language=ru}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Luleå Municipality|Luleå]], Sweden (1972) Paused as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vänortsamarbetet mellan Luleå och Murmansk stoppas |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/norrbotten/vanortsamarbetet-mellan-lulea-och-murmansk-stoppas |access-date=2024-04-23 |newspaper=SVT Nyheter |date=February 28, 2022 |language=swedish |last1=Haupt |first1=Inger }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Vadsø Municipality|Vadsø]], Norway (1973)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], United States (1975)
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Groningen]], Netherlands (1989)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Alanya]], Turkey (2014)
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Minsk]], Belarus (2014)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Harbin]], China (2016)
{{div col end}}

===Former twin towns – sister cities===
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Szczecin]] (1993–2022) Cancelled as a result of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Rovaniemi]] (1962–2022) Cancelled as a result of [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Szczecin wypowiedział umowę o przyjacielskiej współpracy z Murmańskiem |url=https://wszczecinie.pl/aktualnosci,szczecin_wypowiedzial_umowe_o_przyjacielskiej_wspolpracy_z_murmanskiem,id-40370.html |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=wszczecinie.pl |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The capital of Lapland freezes partnership with Murmansk |url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/life-and-public/2022/03/capital-lapland-freezes-partnership-murmansk |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=The Independent Barents Observer |date=March 4, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Tromsø Municipality|Tromsø]] (1972–2022) Cancelled because of concerns related to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/tromso-avslutter-vennskapsbyavtale-med-russiske-byer-1.16153548. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 2022-10-26</ref>
* {{flagicon|ISL}} [[Akureyri]], Iceland (1994–2022) Cancelled as a result of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>[https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/life-and-public/2022/12/murmansk-terminates-sister-city-relations-akureyri "Murmansk terminates sister city relations with Akureyri"], The Barents Observer, 15 December 2022</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Nikita Alexeev]], ice hockey player
*[[Vitaliy Nikolayevich Bubentsov]], Russian artist
*[[Aleksey Goman]], pop singer
*[[Kate Grigorieva]], supermodel
*[[Valentina Gunina]], chess grandmaster
*[[Halyna Hutchins]], cinematographer and journalist
*[[Vladimir Konstantinov]], ice hockey player
*[[Irina Kovalenko]], supermodel and Miss Russia winner
*[[Larisa Kruglova]], sprinter
*[[Sergey Kuryokhin]], actor and musician
*[[Irina Malgina]], biathlete
*[[Elizaveta Nazarenkova]], Uzbek rhythmic gymnast
*[[Yevgeny Nikitin (bass-baritone)|Yevgeny Nikitin]], opera singer
*[[Zlata Ognevich]], Ukrainian singer
*[[Sergei Rozhkov]], biathlete
*[[Alexei Semenov (hockey player)|Alexei Semenov]], ice hockey player
*[[Sergey Subbotin]], former mayor
*[[Konstantin Volkov (ice hockey, born 1997)|Konstantin Volkov]], ice hockey player
*[[Vitaly Zdorovetskiy]], [[YouTube personality]], prankster
*[[Yana Kunitskaya]], [[UFC]] [[Bantamweight (MMA)|bantamweight]] fighter

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mur|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mur|mun|list|murmansk}}
*{{RussiaBasicLawRef|mur|murmansk}}
*{{Cite book |last=Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области. |title=Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920–1993 гг.). Справочник |publisher=Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север" |year=1995 |location=Мурманск}}
*{{Cite Russian law
|ru_entity=Мурманская областная Дума
|ru_type=Закон
|ru_number=1812-01-ЗМО
|ru_date=19 декабря 2014 г.
|ru_title=Об упразднеии населённого пункта Мурманской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Мурманской области
|ru_effective_date=1 января 2015 г
|ru_published_in="Мурманский Вестник", No.246–247, с.&nbsp;56
|ru_published_date=25 декабря 2014 г
|ru_url=
|en_entity=Murmansk Oblast Duma
|en_type=Law
|en_number=1812-01-ZMO
|en_date=December&nbsp;19, 2014
|en_title=On Abolishing an Inhabited Locality in Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast
|en_effective_date=January&nbsp;1, 2015
|en_url=
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Murmansk}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090420033954/http://www.citymurmansk.ru/ Official website of Murmansk] {{in lang|ru}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080408102844/http://www.murmansk1.ru/en/ News of Murmansk]
*[http://murmanskguide.com/ Interactive map of Murmansk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515234642/http://murmanskguide.com/ |date=May 15, 2017 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070206082953/http://barentsnova.com/ Barentsnova.com, Murmansk business news, statistics]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055414/http://atomic.msco.ru/cgi-bin/common.cgi?lang=eng&skin=menu1&fn=first Atomic ice breaker fleet]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/06/business_murmansk0s_gorgeous_garages/html/1.stm Murmansk's gorgeous garages — a photo journal by BBC news journalist Jorn Madslien]
*[https://www.flickr.com/groups/murmansk/ Views of Murmansk group on Flickr]
*[http://www.cnn.com/video/?JSONLINK=/video/world/2009/05/20/eor.chance.murmansk.cnn Video overview of Murmansk in English, 4½ minutes, 2009]
*[http://eng.mstu.edu.ru/ Murmansk State Technical University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514122417/http://eng.mstu.edu.ru/ |date=May 14, 2006 }}
*[http://www.naval-history.net/WW1z05NorthRussia.htm British North Russian Expeditionary Force 1918–1919 (based at Murmansk)]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6103384.stm "Big-dollar deals tempt Arctic firms" BBC article on the energy industry's effect on Murmansk]

{{Murmansk Oblast}}
{{Hero Cities}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2012}}

[[Category:Murmansk| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia]]
[[Category:Barents Sea]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Murmansk Oblast]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Russia]]
[[Category:Russian and Soviet Navy bases]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Russia]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1916]]
[[Category:Kolsky Uyezd]]