Editing Murad IV

{{Short description|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640}}
{{Expand Turkish|topic=bio|date=February 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Murad&nbsp;IV
| title        = [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]
| titletext    = 
| more         = 
| image        = Murad IV.jpg
| alt          = 
| caption      = Portrait of Murad IV
| succession   = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]]<br/>([[Padishah]])
| moretext     = 
| reign        = 10&nbsp;September 1623 – {{nowrap|8&nbsp;February 1640}}
| coronation   = 
| cor-type     = 
| predecessor  = [[Mustafa&nbsp;I]]
| regent       = [[Kösem Sultan]]<br />(1623–1632)
| reg-type     = 
| successor    = [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1612|07|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Topkapı Palace]], [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1640|02|08|1612|07|28|df=yes}}
| death_place  = Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
| burial_place = [[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]], [[Constantinople]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| spouse       = [[Ayşe Sultan (Haseki of Murad IV)|Ayşe Sultan]]<br/>[[#Consorts|Among others]]
| spouse-type  = Consort
| issue        = [[Kaya Sultan]]
| issue-link   = #Sons
| issue-pipe   = Among others
| full name    = Şah Murad bin Ahmed Han<ref>Ali Aktan, (1995), ''Osmanlılar İlim ve İrfan Vakfı'', p.&nbsp;202 (in Turkish)</ref>
| house        = [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottoman]]
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = [[Ahmed&nbsp;I]]
| mother       = [[Kösem Sultan]]
| signature_type = [[Tughra]]
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]
| succession2  = [[Ottoman Caliph]] (''[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]'')
| predecessor2 = Mustafa&nbsp;I
| successor2   = Ibrahim
| burial_date  = 
| signature    = Tughra of Murad IV.svg
}}
'''Murad&nbsp;IV''' ({{langx|ota|مراد رابع}}, ''Murād-ı Rābiʿ''; {{langx|tr|IV. Murad}}, <span dir="ltr">27&nbsp;July 1612 – 8 &nbsp;February 1640)</span> was the [[sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. Murad&nbsp;IV was born in [[Constantinople]], the son of Sultan [[Ahmed&nbsp;I]] (r. 1603–17) and [[Kösem Sultan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Finkel |first=Caroline |title=Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923 |place=New York |publisher=Basic Books |date=2005 |pages=197 |isbn=978-0-465-02396-7}}</ref> He was brought to power by a palace conspiracy when he was just 11 years old, and he succeeded his uncle [[Mustafa&nbsp;I]] (r. 1617–18, 1622–23). Until he assumed absolute power on 18&nbsp;May 1632, the empire was ruled by his mother, [[Kösem Sultan]], as ''nāʾib-i salṭanat'' (regent). His reign is most notable for the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639)|Ottoman–Safavid War]], of which the [[Treaty of Zuhab|outcome]] would partition the [[Caucasus]] between the two Imperial powers for around two centuries, while it also roughly laid the foundation for the current [[Turkey]]–[[Iran]]–[[Iraq]] borders.

== Early life ==
Murad&nbsp;IV was born on 27&nbsp;July 1612 to [[Ahmed&nbsp;I]] (reign 1603{{snd}}1617) and his consort and later wife [[Kösem Sultan]], an [[Greeks|ethnic Greek]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Finkel |first=Caroline |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63664444 |title=Osman's dream : the story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923 |date=2006 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-465-02396-7 |location=New York |pages=197 |oclc=63664444}}</ref> After his father's death when he was six years old, he was confined in the [[Kafes]] with his brothers, [[Şehzade Süleyman|Suleiman]], [[Şehzade Kasım|Kasim]], [[Şehzade Bayezid (son of Ahmed I)|Bayezid]] and [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim]].{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=224}}

Grand Vizier Kemankeş Ali Pasha and [[Şeyhülislam]] Yahya Efendi were deposed from their position. The next day, the child of the age of six was taken to the [[Eyüp Sultan Mosque|Eyüp Sultan Mausoleum]]. The swords of [[Muhammad]] and [[Selim I|Yavuz Sultan Selim]] were bequeathed to him.  Five days later he was circumcised.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=224}}

== Reign ==

=== Early reign (1623–1632) ===
[[File:IV Murad young age.jpg|thumb|Murad&nbsp;IV in his young age|right]]
[[File:Murat IV with dishes.jpg|thumb|right|Ottoman miniature painting depicting Murad&nbsp;IV during dinner]]
[[File:Murad IV minature.jpg|thumb|right|Murad&nbsp;IV by [[Abdulcelil Levni]]]]

Murad&nbsp;IV was for a long time under the control of his relatives and during his early years as Sultan; his mother, [[Kösem Sultan]], essentially ruled through him. In this period, the [[Safavid Empire]] invaded [[Baghdad Eyalet|Iraq]], Northern [[Anatolia Eyalet|Anatolia]] erupted in revolts, and in 1631 the [[Janissary|Janissaries]] stormed the palace and killed the Grand Vizier, among others.

At the age of 16 in 1628, he had his brother-in-law (his sister [[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Fatma Sultan]]'s husband, who was also the former governor of Egypt), [[Kara Mustafa Pasha (governor of Egypt)|Kara Mustafa Pasha]], executed for a claimed action "against the law of God".<ref name="France1796-51">{{cite book |title=Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51 |volume=2 |year=1789 |publisher=R. Faulder |page=51 |quote=The sultan Morad put him to death in the year 1037 [AH], for some action which was contrary to the law of God.}}</ref>

After the death of the Grand Vizier Çerkes Mehmed Pasha in the winter of [[Tokat]], Diyarbekir Beylerbeyi Hafiz Ahmed Pasha became a vizier on 8&nbsp;February 1625.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=225}}

An epidemic, which started in the summer of 1625 and was called the [[plague (disease)|plague]] of Bayrampaşa, spread to threaten the population of [[Constantinople]] (present day [[Istanbul]]). On average, a thousand people died every day. The people fled to the Okmeydanı to escape the plague. The situation was worse in the countryside outside of Constantinople.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=225}}

=== Absolute rule and imperial policies (1632–1640) ===
In 1632, Murad&nbsp;IV banned the smoking of tobacco and opium and closed [[Ottoman coffeehouse|coffeehouses]], which were believed to be centers of sedition. Also in the same year as noted by [[Dimitrie Cantemir]], he legalized the selling and drinking of alcohol even for Muslims, an act which had no precedent at the time. Previously known to be fond of drinking, in 1634 he realized the dangers of wine, and banned both the sale and drinking of alcohol and ordered taverns to close.<ref>{{cite book |last=Freely |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9OLDwAAQBAJ |title=Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-85772-870-8 |pages=94 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=İnalcık |first=Halil |url=https://archive.org/details/ottomanempirecla0000inal/page/99 |title=The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600 |author2=Imber, Colin |publisher=Aristide D. Caratzas |year=1989 |isbn=0-89241-388-3 |location=New Rochelle, N.Y. |page=[https://archive.org/details/ottomanempirecla0000inal/page/99 99]}} 2nd paragraph, from 3rd sentence onward</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stoianovich |first=Traian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqVzCQAAQBAJ |title=Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe |date=2015-05-20 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47614-6 |language=en}}</ref> He ordered execution for breaking this ban<ref>{{cite book |title=Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs |last=Hari |first=Johann |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |year=2015 |isbn=978-1620408902 |pages=262}}</ref> and restored the judicial regulations by very strict punishments, including execution; he once strangled a [[Grand Vizier|grand vizier]] for the reason that the official had beaten his mother-in-law.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=William Stearns |title=A short history of the Near East: from the founding of Constantinople (330 A.D. to 1922) |publisher=The Macmillan Company |year=1922 |location=New York |pages=259–260}}</ref>

=== Fire of 1633 ===
On 2 September 1633,{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=232}} the Cibali fire broke out, burning a fifth of the city. The fire started during the day when a caulker burned a shrub and a ship caulked into the walls. The fire spread in three branches to the city. One arm lowered towards the sea.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=232}} It returned from Zeyrek and walked to Atpazan. The most beautiful districts of Constantinople were ruined, from the Yeniodas, Mollagürani districts, Fener gate to Sultanselim, Mesihpaşa, Bali Pasha and Lutfi Pasha mosques, Şahı buhan Palace, Unkapanı to Atpazarı, Bostanzade houses, and Sofular Bazaar. The fire that lasted for 30 hours was only extinguished after the wind stopped.{{sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015|p=232}}

=== War against Safavid Iran ===
Murad&nbsp;IV's reign is most notable for the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)]] against Persia (today Iran) in which Ottoman forces managed to conquer Azerbaijan, occupying [[Tabriz]], [[Hamadan]], and capturing [[Baghdad]] in 1638. The [[Treaty of Zuhab]] that followed the war generally reconfirmed the borders as agreed by the [[Peace of Amasya]], with Eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Dagestan staying Persian, Western Georgia stayed Ottoman.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yED-aVDCbycC&q=ottoman+empire+western+armenia+safavid&pg=PA228|title=Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death|isbn=9780815628286|access-date=2014-12-30|last1=Wallimann|first1=Isidor|last2=Dobkowski|first2=Michael N.|date=March 2000|publisher=Syracuse University Press }}</ref> Mesopotamia was irrevocably lost for the Persians.<ref name="Roemer285">[[#Roemer|Roemer]] (1989), p.&nbsp;285</ref> The borders fixed as a result of the war, are more or less the same as the present border line between [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]].

During the siege of [[Baghdad]] in 1638, the city held out for forty days but was [[Capture of Baghdad (1638)|compelled to surrender]].

Murad&nbsp;IV himself commanded the [[Ottoman Army]] in the last years of the war.

=== Relations with the Mughal Empire ===
While he was encamped in [[Baghdad]], Murad&nbsp;IV is known to have met ambassadors of the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]], Mir Zarif and Mir Baraka, who presented 1000 pieces of finely embroidered cloth and even armor. Murad&nbsp;IV gave them the finest weapons, [[saddle]]s and [[Kaftan]]s and ordered his forces to accompany the [[Mughals]] to the port of [[Basra]], where they set sail to [[Thatta]] and finally [[Surat]].<ref name="google">{{cite book |title=Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748 |author=Farooqi, N. R. |date=1989 |publisher=Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uB1uAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2015-06-14}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
Murad&nbsp;IV put emphasis on architecture and in his period many monuments were erected. The Baghdad Kiosk, built in 1635, and the Revan Kiosk, built in 1638 in [[Yerevan]], were both built in the local styles.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Artan |first=Tülay |year=2008 |chapter=Questions of Ottoman Identity and Architectural History |editor=Arnold, Dana |display-editors=etal |title=Rethinking Architectural Historiography |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=85&ndash;109, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p7h_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 page 98] |isbn=978-0-415-36082-1}}</ref> Some of the others include the Kavak Sarayı pavilion;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Müller-Wiener |first=Wolfgang |year=1988 |title=Das Kavak Sarayı. Ein verlorenes Baudenkmal Istanbuls |journal=Istanbuler Mitteilungen |language=de |volume=38 |pages=363&ndash;376}}</ref> the Meydanı Mosque; the Bayram Pasha Dervish Lodge, Tomb, Fountain, and Primary School; and the Şerafettin Mosque in [[Konya]].

== Music and poetry ==
Murad&nbsp;IV wrote many poems. He used the "Muradi" penname for his poems. He also liked testing people with riddles. Once he wrote a poetic riddle and announced that whoever came with the correct answer would get a generous reward. Cihadi Bey, a poet from Enderun School, gave the correct answer and was promoted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://edebice.net/2014/07/07/iv-murad-ve-sairligi/ |title=IV. Murad ve Şairliği |date=7 July 2014}}</ref>

Murad&nbsp;IV was also a composer. He has a composition called "Uzzal Peshrev".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fikriyat.com/webtv/muzik/sultan-iv-murad-uzzl-pesrev |title=Sultan&nbsp;IV. Murad - Uzzâl Peşrev |via=www.fikriyat.com}}</ref>

== Family ==
Due to the prominence of his mother [[Kösem Sultan]] during his reign and the fact that all of his sons died in infancy, Murad&nbsp;IV's family is not well known.

Only few of his many concubines are known and of the thirty-two children that [[Evliya Çelebi]] said that Murad&nbsp;IV had, five have not yet been identified, and the name of some of others is still unknown.

Furthermore, no child had a certain nominated mother.

=== Consorts ===
[[File:IV. Murat.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Murad&nbsp;IV]]
Murad&nbsp;IV had several consorts and concubines, but only few are known and some of them are disputed:<ref name=lpp>{{cite book |author=Leslie P. Peirce |title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC |year=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=107–108 |isbn=978-0-19-508677-5}}</ref><ref name="auto2">Yılmaz Öztuna - Sultan Genç Osman ve Sultan IV. Murad</ref><ref name="auto">Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları</ref><ref>M. Çağatay Uluçay - Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları</ref><ref name="auto3">François de Chassepol - Historia delli vltimi due gran visiri con alcuni secreti intrecci del Serraglio, e molte particolarità sopra le Guerre di Candia, Dalmatia, Transilvania, Polonia & Ungheria</ref><ref name="auto4">Du Loir - Les voyages du sieur Du Loir</ref>
*[[Ayşe Sultan (Haseki of Murad IV)|Ayşe Sultan]]. [[Haseki sultan|Haseki]] of Murad&nbsp;IV and the only one whose title is confirmed. 
*Unnamed Haseki (?). According to L. Pierce, Murad&nbsp;IV had a second Haseki in the last years of his reign. The identity and title of this concubine are however disputed, but some have proposed Şemsişah as a probable identity. She started with a salary of 2,751 daily [[aspron]]s, the highest ever recorded for a concubine, but after seven months it was reduced to 2,000 daily asprons, on par with Ayşe Sultan. She disappears from the records soon after Murad&nbsp;IV's death. 
*Sanavber Hatun. She founded a charity in the capital in 1628. Since this required high wealth and Murad's first children were born in 1627, she was likely one of his first concubines and the mother of at least one of Murad's older children.
*Safiye Hatun.
*Şemsperi Hatun. Disputed, according to some, it is just another name for Şemsişah.
*Emirgün's sister (disputed). Her brother, the governor of Yerevan, would offer her to Murad&nbsp;IV to earn his favors. Being beautiful, the sultan fell in love with her, but later left her in Damascus instead of taking her to the capital.
*Rosana Sultan (existence disputed, also called Rossana, Roxana or Roxane): according to the sources, she was the favorite of Murad&nbsp;IV, and she was tall, blonde and extremely pale. She had a bad temper and even the sultan feared her. She had followed him to war in 1635, but was sent back to Constantinople when Murad fell in love with Emirgün's sister. In the capital she was received with every honor, but jealousy for the new concubine led her to issue an imperial order to execute Murad&nbsp;IV's brothers, who hated her. When Murad returned, one of his sisters tried to accuse her, but he didn't believe her and furiously hit her. Eventually his mother Kösem Sultan managed to find evidence and witnesses against Rosana and Murad&nbsp;IV stabbed her himself. From that moment on, the sultan swore never to favor another woman. Although the story has spread widely in European sources (she in a main character of the play ''[[Bajazet (play)|Bajazet]]''), most historians dismiss it as a romantic legend or a fictionalized and more dramatic version of Ayşe Sultan's story. 

=== Sons ===
Murad&nbsp;IV had at least fifteen sons, but none of them survived infancy and all of them died before their father (who died in February 1640):<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto1">Leslie P. Peirce (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.</ref><ref name="Akgunduz">{{cite book | last1=Akgunduz | first1=A. | last2=Ozturk | first2=S. | title=Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths | publisher=IUR Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 | page=205}}</ref><ref name="Murphey">{{cite book | last=Murphey | first=R. | title=Exploring Ottoman Sovereignty: Tradition, Image and Practice in the Ottoman Imperial Household, 1400-1800 | publisher=Bloomsbury Academic | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-84725-220-3 | page=105}}</ref><ref name="naima">{{cite book | title=Naîmâ Târihi - Cilt 3 | author = Mustafa Naima Efendi | publisher=Zuhuri Danişman Yayinevi | year=1968 | pages = 1216, 1237, 1312, 1374}}</ref>
* Şehzade Ahmed ([[Constantinople]], 21&nbsp;December 1627 - Constantinople, 1637).
* Şehzade ''Fülan'' (Constantinople, March 1631 - Constantinople, March 1631). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the [[Blue Mosque, Istanbul|Blue Mosque]].
* Şehzade Süleyman (Constantinople, February 1632 - Constantinople, 1632). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Mehmed (Constantinople, 8&nbsp;August 1633 - Constantinople, 1638). Born in the Pavilion of the Kandilli Garden, buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade ''Fülan'' (Constantinople, February 1634 - Constantinople, March 1634).
* Şehzade ''Fülan'' (Constantinople, 10&nbsp;March 1634 - Constantinople, March 1634).
* Şehzade Alaeddin (Constantinople, 16&nbsp;August 1635 - Constantinople, 1637). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Ahmed ([[İzmit|Izmit]], 15&nbsp;May 1638 - 1639). He is referred to as "son of Haseki".
* Şehzade Abdülhamid (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Selim (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Orhan (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Numan (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Hasan (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Mahmud (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Şehzade Osman (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.

=== Daughters ===
Murad&nbsp;IV had at least thirteen daughters.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto1"/>

Unlike their brothers, at least eight of them survived at least to the age of marriage:
* ''Fülane'' Sultan ([[Constantinople]], 1627 - ?). She married Tüccarzade Mustafa Paşa in 1640.
* Gevherhan Sultan (Constantinople, February 1630 - ?). She married [[Haseki Mehmed Pasha]].
* Hanzade Sultan (Constantinople, 1631 - ?, after 1657). She married Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha and she was widowed in 1657.
* Ismihan Sultan (Constantinople, 1632 - Constantinople, 1632). Called also Esmihan Sultan.
* [[Kaya Sultan|Ismihan Kaya Sultan]] (Constantinople, 1630/1633 - Constantinople, 28 February 1658). She married [[Melek Ahmed Pasha|Melek Ahmed Paşah]] and she died in childbirth.<ref name="mustafa">{{cite book |author=Mustafa Çağatay Uluçay |title=Padişahların kadınları ve kızları |language=tr| publisher=Ankara, Ötüken |pages=80–90 |year=2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Rhoads |last=Murphey |title=Studies on Ottoman Society and Culture, 16th-18th Centuries |pages=214 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Company |date=January 1, 2007 |isbn=978-0-7546-5931-0}}</ref><ref name="huseyn">{{cite book |author=Hafiz Hueseyin Ayvansaray-i |title=The Garden of the Mosques: Hafiz Hüseyin Al-Ayvansarayî's Guide to the Muslim Monuments of Ottoman Istanbul |pages=10, 25 |publisher=Brill |year=2000 |isbn=978-9-004-11242-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Hafız Hüseyin |last1=Ayvansarayı̂ |first2=Ali |last2=Sâtı |first3=Süleyman |last3=Besîm |title=Hadı̂katü'l-cevâmi': İstanbul câmileri ve diğer dı̂nı̂-sivil miʻmârı̂ yapılar |publisher=İşaret |language=tr |year=2001| pages=46| quote=İsmihân Sultân bint-i Murâd Hân-ı Râbi' |isbn=978-9-753-50118-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Ahmet |last1=Kal'a |first2=Ahmet |last2=Tabakoğlu |title=İstanbul su külliyâtı: Vakıf su defterleri : İlmühaber 4 (1856–1928) |publisher=İstanbul Araştırmaları Merkezi |year=1999 |pages=76–7 | language=tr |quote=merhume İsmi- hân Kaya Sultân tâbe serâhâ |isbn=978-9-758-21504-1}}</ref>
* Rabia Sultan (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). She lived to adulthood, although no marriages are known. Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Fatma Sultan (Constantinople, ? - Constantinople, ?). Buried in the Ahmed&nbsp;I mausoleum in the Blue Mosque.
* Bedia Sultan (Constantinople, ? - ?).
* Bedia Ayşe Sultan (Constantinople, ? - ?). She married Malatuk Süleyman Paşa before 1655.
* Hafsa Sultan (Constantinople, ? - ?). She married Ammarzade Mehmed Paşah.
* Safiye Sultan (Constantinople, after 1634 - Constantinople, {{circa|1670}}). She married firstly on 27&nbsp;August 1649 to Hayderağazade Mehmed Pasha,<ref name=miovic>{{cite journal | last=Miović | first=Vesna | title=Per favore della Soltana: moćne osmanske žene i dubrovački diplomati | journal=Anali Zavoda za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti u Dubrovniku | issue=56/1 | date=2018-05-02 | volume=56 | issn=1330-0598 | doi=10.21857/mwo1vczp2y | pages=147–197 | language=hr | doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|p=168}}<ref name="naima4">{{cite book | title=Naîmâ Târihi - Cilt 4 | author = Mustafa Naima Efendi | publisher=Zuhuri Danişman Yayinevi | year=1968 | page = 1976}}</ref> married secondly Sarı Abaza Hüseyin Paşah (brother or son of Grand Vizier [[Abaza Siyavuş Pasha|Siyavuş Paşah]]) in 1659. She had three sons and a daughter: Sultanzade Abubekr Bey, Sultanzade Mehmed Remzi Paşah (d. 21&nbsp;November 1719), Sultanzade Abdüllah Bey (stillborn, {{circa|1670}}) and Rukiye Hanımsultan (died January 1697). She died to give birth to Abdüllah.
* Rukiye Sultan (Constantinople, 1640 - 1696). She married Şeytân Melek İbrâhîm Pasha and was widowed in 1685. She had two daughters: Fatma Hanımsultan (1677 - 1727) and Ayşe Hanımsultan (1680 - 1717).<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha]] |title=ZEYL-İ FEZLEKE (1065-22 Ca.1106 / 1654-7 Şubat 1695) |year=2012 |page=376}}</ref> She was buried in the [[Şehzade Mosque]].
*Esma Sultan (? - ?). She died in infancy.

== Death ==
Murad&nbsp;IV died from [[cirrhosis]] in Constantinople at the age of 27 in 1640.<ref>Selcuk Aksin Somel, ''Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire'', 2003, p.201</ref>

Rumours had circulated that on his deathbed, Murad&nbsp;IV ordered the execution of his mentally disabled brother, [[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|Ibrahim]] (reigned 1640–48), which would have meant the end of the Ottoman line. However, the order was not carried out.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barber |first=Noel |title=The Sultans |url=https://archive.org/details/sultansbarb00barb|url-access=registration |year=1973 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/sultansbarb00barb/page/87 87] |isbn=9780671216245}}</ref>

== Popular culture ==
* In the TV series ''[[Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem]]'', Murad&nbsp;IV is portrayed by Cağan Efe Ak as a child, and [[Metin Akdülger]] as the Sultan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/muhtesem-yuzyil-kosemde-4-muradi-oynayan-metin-akdulger-kimdir-40292027 |title=Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem'in 4. Murad'ı Metin Akdülger kimdir? |access-date=2017-11-06 |language=tr}}</ref>
* In the film ''[[Three Thousand Years of Longing]]'' (2022), Murad&nbsp;IV is portrayed by Ogulcan Arman Uslu, with Kaan Guldur playing him as a child.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcus |first1=Dan |title='Three Thousand Years of Longing' Cast and Character Guide: Meet the Djinn and All Who Knew Him |url=https://collider.com/three-thousand-years-of-longing-cast-and-character-guide/ |website=Collider |access-date=27 August 2022 |date=26 August 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Transformation of the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Polish–Ottoman War (1633–34)]]
* [[Koçi Bey]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{cite book |last=Roemer |first=H. R. |chapter=The Safavid Period |title=The Cambridge History of Iran: The Timurid and Safavid Periods |volume=VI |pages=189–350 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1986 |isbn=0521200946}}
* {{cite book |first=Necdet |last=Sakaoğlu |title=Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler |language=tr |publisher=Oğlak Yayıncılık |year=2008 |pages=303 }}
*{{cite book |first=Necdet |last=Sakaoğlu |title=Bu Mülkün Sultanları |publisher=Alfa Yayıncılık |year=2015 |isbn=978-6-051-71080-8}}

== External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Murad IV}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Murad#Murad IV|display=Murad § Murad IV|volume=19 |page=14 |short=x}}

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{{s-hou|[[Ottoman Dynasty|House of Osman]]||July 27, 1612||February 8, 1640}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mustafa I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]]|years=10 September 1623 – 9 February 1640
|regent1=[[Kösem Sultan]]|years1=1623–1632}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|İbrahim]]}}
{{s-rel|su}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mustafa I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of caliphs|Caliph]]|years=10 September 1623 – 9 February 1640
|dynasty=[[Ottoman Dynasty]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire|İbrahim]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Sultans of the Ottoman Empire}}
{{Sons of the Ottoman Sultans}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murad Iv}}
[[Category:1612 births]]
[[Category:1640 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from cirrhosis]]
[[Category:Child monarchs]]
[[Category:17th-century sultans of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Turks from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Ottoman people of the Ottoman–Persian Wars]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]
[[Category:Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)]]