Editing Mountain railway

{{Short description|Railway which operates within a mountainous region}}
[[File:Brb bergfahrt.JPG|thumb|right|[[Brienz Rothorn Bahn]] ascending [[Brienzer Rothorn]] in the [[Swiss Alps]]]]
[[File:La_antiga_locomotora_elèctrica_E.1_del_cremallera_de_Núria_reposa_a_dalt_de_tot_de_la_Vall.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vall de Núria Rack Railway]], Catalonia]]

A '''mountain railway''' is a [[railway]] that operates in a [[mountain range|mountainous region]]. It may operate through the mountains by following [[mountain valley]]s and tunneling beneath [[mountain pass]]es, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the [[summit]].

Mountain railways often use [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and [[structure gauge]], and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use [[steep grade railway]] technology, or even operate as [[funicular railway]]s.

==List of mountain railways==
<!-- This section is linked from [[Rack railway]] -->
{{For|railway lines named Mountain Line|Mountain Line (disambiguation){{!}}Mountain Line}}
{{See also|list of rack railways}}
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

===Argentina===
* [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] to [[Los Andes, Chile]], see '''Chile''' below

=== Australia ===

* [[Glenreagh Mountain Railway]]
* [[Mount Morgan, Queensland|Mt Morgan Rack Railway]] – abandoned in 1955.
* [[Skitube Alpine Railway]]
* [[West Coast Wilderness Railway]]

===Austria===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Achensee Railway]]
* [[Arlberg Railway]]
* [[Mariazell Railway]]
* [[Pöstlingberg Railway]]<!--[[:de:Pöstlingbergbahn]]--><ref>[http://www.linzag.at/navigation/section,id,383,nodeid,383 Described by the operator, Linz AG Linien]  In German</ref>
* [[Semmering Railway]] – A [[World Heritage Site]]
* [[Schafberg Railway]]
* [[Schneeberg Railway (cog railway)|Schneeberg Railway]]
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===Bolivia===
* [[Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia]]
* [[Ferrocarril de Arica a La Paz]], [[Arica]]–[[La Paz]]
* [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]]

===Brazil===
* [[Corcovado Rack Railway]]
* [[São Paulo Railway]]

===Canada===
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* [[BC Rail]], crosses the [[Pacific Coast Ranges|Pacific Coast Range]] of the [[Coast Mountains]] ([[Garibaldi Ranges|Garibaldi]] & [[Lillooet Ranges]])
* [[Kicking Horse Pass]]
* [[Rogers Pass (British Columbia)|Rogers Pass]]
* [[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
* [[Yellowhead Pass]]
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===Chile===
* [[Ferrocarill Arica La Paz]], [[Arica, Chile|Arica]]–[[La Paz]]
* [[Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia]]
* El [[Transandine Railway|Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes – Mendoza]], [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]] – [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]. The rebuild will be adhesion only.<ref>[http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 Se construye] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 |date=2007-03-10 }}</ref>

===China===
* [[Gebishi Railway]]
* [[Kunming–Hai Phong Railway]]
* [[Qingzang railway]]

===Colombia===
* [[Transport in Colombia#Railways|Colombian Railways]]

===Croatia===
* [[Lika line]]
* [[Rijeka line]]

===Eritrea===
* [[Eritrean Railway]]

===France===
* [[Petit train d'Artouste|Artouste (Petit train d')]]
* [[Petit train de la Rhune|La Rhune (Petit train de)]]
* [[Mont Blanc Tramway]]
* [[Montenvers Railway]]
* [[Ligne de Saint Gervais-Vallorcine|Saint Gervais-Vallorcine (Ligne de)]]

===Germany===
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*[[Drachenfels Railway]] (''Drachenfelsbahn'')
* [[Harz Railway]] (''Harzbahn'')
**[[Rübeland Railway]] (''Rübelandbahn'')
**[[Harz Narrow Gauge Railways]] (''Harzer Schmalspurbahnen'')
***[[Harz Railway]] (''Harzquerbahn'')
***[[Brocken Railway]]  (''Brockenbahn'')
***[[Selke Valley Railway]](''Selketalbahn'')
*[[Murg Valley Railway]] (''Murgtalbahn'')
* [[Schwarza Valley Railway]] (''Schwarzatalbahn'')<ref>[http://en.oberweissbacher-bergbahn.com/bergbahnland/attraktionen/schwarzatalbahn/ Schwarza valley line]</ref>
*[[Wendelstein Railway]] (''Wendelsteinbahn'')
*[[Bavarian Zugspitze Railway]] (''Bayerische Zugspitzbahn'')
{{div col end}}

===Georgia===
*[[Borjomi-Bakuriani railway "Kukushka"]] (ბაკურიანი-ბორჯომი რკინიგზა)<ref>{{cite web|title=Georgian Railway|url=http://www.railway.ge/?web=0&action=page&p_id=203&lang=eng}}</ref>

===Greece===
*[[Diakofto Kalavrita Railway]]

=== Hong Kong===
*[[Peak Tram]]ways

===India===
{{Main|Mountain railways of India}}
*[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Kalka-Shimla Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Kangra Valley Railway]]
*[[Matheran Hill Railway]]
*[[Jammu–Baramulla line]]

===Isle of Man===
*[[Snaefell Mountain Railway]]

===Israel===
*[[Carmelit]]

===Italy===
*[[Superga Rack Railway]]

===Japan===
*[[Aizu Railway]]
*[[Chuo Main Line]] (especially central portion between [[Takao Station (Gifu)|Takao Station]] and [[Nakatsugawa Station]])
*[[Dosan Line]]
*[[Echigo Tokimeki Railway]] Myōkō Haneuma Line (former [[Shin'etsu Main Line]], around [[Nihongi Station]])
*[[Eizan Electric Railway]]
*[[Etsumi North Line]]
*[[Hakone Tozan Railway]]
*[[Hakubi Line]]
*[[Hisatsu Line]]
*[[Hohi Main Line]]
*[[Ikawa Line, Oigawa Railway]] (partial Abt system rack railway)
*[[Iida Line]]
*[[Joetsu Line]]
*[[Fujikyuko Line]]
*[[Geibi Line]] (especially east of [[Miyoshi Station (Hiroshima)|Miyoshi Station]])
*[[Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line]]
*[[Kamaishi Line]]
*[[Keihan Keishin Line]] ([[interurban]] line with steep gradients)
*[[Kintetsu Nara Line]]
*[[Kisuki Line]]
*[[Kobe Electric Railway]]
*[[Kurobe Gorge Railway]] (mostly sightseeing-oriented line originally used in dam construction)
*[[Minobu Line]]
*[[Nagaragawa Railway]]
*[[Nankai Koya Line]] (south of [[Hashimoto Station (Wakayama)]])
*[[Ou Main Line]], including [[Yamagata Shinkansen]] through services
*[[Oito Line]] (especially north of [[Shinano-Omachi Station]])
*[[Seibu Chichibu Line]]
*[[Sekisho Line]] (east of [[Shin-Yubari Station]])
*[[Shinonoi Line]]
*The former [[Shin'etsu Main Line]] over the [[Usui Pass]] (abandoned)
*[[Tadami Line]]
*[[Takayama Main Line]]
*[[Yagan Railway]]

===Mexico===
*[[Ferrocarril de Córdoba a Huatusco]]

===New Zealand===
*[[Rimutaka Incline]] Commenced operation in 1878 and ceased operation in 1955.

===Norway===
*[[Flåmsbana]]

===Peru===
*[[Empresa nacional de ferrocarriles del Peru]]
*[[Ferrocarril Central Andino]] ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Ferrocarril Huancayo - Huancavelica]],<ref>[http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_fcca_new.gif Map of Huancayo – Huancavelica]</ref> (built to [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on|disp=or}}, but [[Track gauge conversion|converted]] to {{RailGauge|56.5in|allk=on|disp=or}} between 2006 and 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Huancavelica upgrade |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/huancavelica-upgrade.html |website=Railway Gazette International |access-date=16 September 2019 |date=1 Jun 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=El Tren Macho reanudó sus operaciones entre Huancayo y Huancavelica |url=http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/tren-macho-reanudo-sus-operaciones-entre-huancayo-huancavelica-noticia-1343837 |website=El Comercio |access-date=16 September 2019 |language=es |date=5 Dec 2011}}</ref>)
*[[Ferrocarril del sur de Peru]] [[Arequipa]] – [[Puno]], ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Cusco - Machu Picchu]], Cusco – [[Machu Picchu]] ({{RailGauge|3ft|disp=or}} gauge)

===Romania===
[[File:Anina-Oravita 03 2010.jpg|thumb|View from Oravița – Anina railway in 2010]]
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*[[Ploiești]] – [[Brașov]] railway
*[[Brașov]] – [[Sibiu]] – [[Arad, Romania|Arad]] railway
*[[Râmnicu Vâlcea]] – [[Sibiu]] railway
*[[Târgu Jiu]] – [[Simeria]] railway
*[[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]] – [[Caransebeș]] railway
*[[Oravița]] – [[Anina]] railway
*[[Cluj-Napoca]] – [[Oradea]] railway
*[[Brașov]] – [[Miercurea Ciuc]] – [[Deda, Mureș|Deda]] railway, and Brașov – [[Întorsura Buzăului]]
*[[Salva, Bistrița-Năsăud|Salva]] – [[Sighetu Marmației]] railway
*[[Adjud]] – [[Siculeni]] railway
*[[Suceava]] – [[Ilva Mică]] railway, and [[Vama, Suceava|Vama]] – [[Moldovița]]
*[[Arad, Romania|Arad]] – [[Ineu]] – [[Brad, Hunedoara|Brad]]
*[[Buzău]] – [[Nehoiu|Nehoiașu]]
{{div col end}}

===Russia===
[[File:Участок Апшеронской УЖД, перегон Гуамка - Мезмай.JPG|thumb|[[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway|Apsheronsk railway]]]]
* [[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway]] – located in the [[Krasnodar Krai]], gauge of {{RailGauge|750mm}}.<ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia18.htm Apsheronsk railway]</ref><ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia19.htm Tourist Railway]</ref>

===Slovakia===
*[[Čierny Hron Railway]]

===Slovenia===
* [[Bohinj Railway|Bohinj railway]]

===Spain===
*[[Montserrat Rack Railway]]
*[[Vall de Núria Rack Railway]]

===Switzerland===
{{main|List of mountain railways in Switzerland}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Appenzeller Bahnen]]<!--[[:de:Appenzeller Bahnen]]-->
*[[Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen-Mürren]]
*[[Bergbahn Rheineck-Walzenhausen]] <!--[[:de:Bergbahn Rheineck-Walzenhausen]]-->
*[[Lötschberg railway line]]
*[[Berner Oberland Bahn]]
*[[Brienz Rothorn Bahn]]
*[[Aigle - Leysin|Chemin de fer Aigle-Leysin]]<!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Aigle-Leysin]]--> <!--[[:fr:Transports Publics du Chablais]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Chemin de fer Aigle-Ollon-Monthey-Champéry]] <!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Aigle-Ollon-Monthey-Champéry]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Aigle-Sépey-Diablerets|Chemin de fer Aigle-Sépey-Diablerets]] <!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Aigle-Sépey-Diablerets]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Chemin de fer Bex-Villars-Bretaye]] <!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Bex-Villars-Bretaye]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Chemins de fer electriques Veveysans]] <!--[[:de:Transports Montreux-Vevey-Riviera]]-->
*[[Chemin de fer Montreux-Glion-Rochers-de-Naye]]
*[[NStCM|Chemin de fer Nyon-St-Cergue-Morez]]
*[[Emmental-Burgdorf-Thun-Bahn]]
*[[Gornergratbahn]]
*[[Gotthardbahn]]
*[[Jungfraubahn]]
*[[Harderbahn]]
*[[Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn]] (formerly [[BVZ Zermatt-Bahn]], [[Furka Oberalp Bahn]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bvzholding.ch/de/unternehmen/geschichte/ |title=Unsere Geschichte: Von der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn bis zur BVZ Holding AG |publisher=BVZ Holding AG |location=Brig, Switzerland |language=de, fr, en |access-date=2017-07-03}}</ref>
*[[Monte Generoso Railway]]
*[[Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line]]
*[[Pilatusbahn]]
*[[Rhätische Bahn]]
*[[Rigi Bahnen]] ([[Arth-Rigi-Bahn]], [[Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn]])
*[[Rorschach-Heiden-Bahn]]
*[[Schynige Platte Bahn]]
*[[Transports de Martigny et Régions]] ([[Chemin de fer Martigny–Châtelard]] and [[Chemin de fer Martigny–Orsières]])
*[[Trogenerbahn]]
*[[Uetlibergbahn]]
*[[Wädenswil-Einsiedeln-Bahn]]
*[[Wengernalpbahn]]
*[[Waldenburgerbahn]]
*[[Zentralbahn]] (former [[Luzern-Stans-Engelberg-Bahn]], [[Brünigbahn]])
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===Taiwan===
* [[Alishan Forest Railway]]

===United Kingdom===
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*[[Brecon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Cairngorm Mountain Railway]]
*[[Conwy Valley line]]
*[[Ffestiniog Railway]]
*[[Highland Main Line]]
*[[Settle–Carlisle line]]
*[[Snowdon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Welsh Highland Railway]]
*[[West Highland Line]]
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===United States===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway]]
*[[Boca and Loyalton Railroad]]
*[[Carson and Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company]]
*[[Cascade Tunnel]]
*[[Cass Scenic Railroad State Park]]
*[[Central Pacific Railroad]]
*[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]
*[[Denver and Salt Lake Railway]]
*[[Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad]]
*[[Feather River Route]]
*[[Georgetown Loop Railroad]]
*[[Gilpin Railroad]]
*[[Lookout Mountain Incline Railway]] in [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
*[[Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway]]
*[[Michigan-California Lumber Company]]
*[[Mount Lowe Railway]]
*[[Mount Tom Railroad]]
*[[Mount Washington Cog Railway]]
*[[Mountain Division]]
*[[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]]
*[[Otis Elevating Railway]]
*[[Raton Pass]]
*[[Rio Grande Southern Railroad]]
*[[San Diego and Arizona Railway]]
*[[Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad]]
*[[Silver City, Pinos Altos and Mogollon Railroad]]
*[[Silverton Railroad]]
*[[Tehachapi Loop]]
*[[Uintah Railway]]
*[[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
{{div col end}}

===Venezuela===
*[[Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela]]

===Vietnam===
*[[Đà Lạt]]–[[Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm|Tháp Chàm]] Railway – Abandoned after the [[Vietnam War]].

==Mountain railways in fiction==
The '''[[Culdee Fell Railway]]''' is featured in the book [[List of Railway Series Books#Mountain Engines|''Mountain Engines'']], part of [[The Railway Series]] by [[W.V. Awdry|Rev.W.Awdry]].

==See also==
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* [[Cable car (railway)]]
* [[Cable railway]]
* [[Funicular]]
* [[Hillclimbing (railway)]]
* [[List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways]]
* [[Rack railway]]
* [[Ruling gradient]]
* [[Stadler Rail]] ([[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]])<!-- Main manufacturer -->
* [[Steep grade railway]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19981202195906/http://www.fo-bahn.ch/ Homepage of the Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn]}} {{in lang|en|de|fr}}
*[http://www.rail-info.ch/index.en.html Narrow gauge railways of Switzerland] {{in language|en|de}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060511170433/http://www.amigosdeltren.cl/ferrochile/historia/trasandino/histo_trasandino_es.php El Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes] – [[Mendoza, Argentina]] ([[Trans-Andean Railways]]) (all others in Spanish only)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 seconstruye.com el tren Los Andes] – Mendoza
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505135052/http://www.accpf.cl/html/act/fctc.html Museo Ferrocarril Transandino]
*[http://www.rrdc.com/op_peru_fcca.html Ferrocarril Central Andina S.A.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901182141/http://www.ferroviasperu.com.pe/indexe.html Ferrocarril Central Andino S.A.]
*[http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_fcca_new.gif Map of central Peru] [[Callao]] – [[Huancayo]]
*[http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/travelplanner.htm Map of south Peru/Bolivia] [[Machu Picchu]] – [[Lake Titicaca]] – west coast Pacific Ocean
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060504005806/http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/aqp_puno1.htm Route] [[Arequipa]] – [[Puno]] ([[Lake Titicaca]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908222840/http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/cusco_puno1.htm Route] [[Cusco]] – [[Puno]] ([[Lake Titicaca]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071203205832/http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/cusco_mapi1.htm Route] [[Cusco]] – [[Machu Picchu]]
*[https://www.thecog.com  Homepage of the Mount Washington Cog Railway] (First ever mountain climbing cog railway)
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mountain Railway}}
[[Category:Rail transport-related lists]]
[[Category:Mountain railways|*]]