Editing Moulin Rouge

{{Short description|Cabaret in Paris, France}}
{{About|the cabaret|the 2001 film|Moulin Rouge!{{!}}''Moulin Rouge!''|the Broadway musical|Moulin Rouge! (musical){{!}}''Moulin Rouge!'' (musical)|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox venue
| name               = Moulin Rouge
| image              = Image:Moulin Rouge, 17 April 2011.jpg
| image_size         =
| image_alt          =
| caption            = The Moulin Rouge in 2011
| image_map          = 
| map_caption        =
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| address            = 82 Boulevard de Clichy
| city               = Paris
| country            = France
| designation        =
| coordinates        = {{Coord|48|53|03|N|2|19|57|E|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:FR_scale:10000}}
| architect          = [[Adolphe Willette]] and [[Édouard-Jean Niermans]]
| owner              =
| tenant             =
| operator           =
| capacity           = 850
| type               = [[Cabaret]]
| opened             = {{start date and age|1889|10|06|df=y|br=y}}
| reopened           =
| yearsactive        =
| rebuilt            =
| closed             =
| demolished         =
| othernames         =
| production         =
| currentuse         =
| website            = {{URL|http://www.moulinrouge.fr/|Moulinrouge.fr}}
}}

'''Moulin Rouge'''<ref name="Histoire du Moulin Rouge">{{cite web|url=http://www.moulinrouge.fr/#/histoire/|title=Histoire du Moulin Rouge|website=MoulinRouge.fr}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|uː|l|æ̃|_|ˈ|r|uː|ʒ}}, {{IPA|fr|mulɛ̃ ʁuʒ|lang}}; {{literal translation|"Red Mill"}}) is a [[cabaret]] in [[Paris]], on Boulevard de Clichy, at Place Blanche, the intersection of, and terminus of Rue Blanche.

In 1889, the Moulin Rouge was co-founded by [[Charles Zidler]] and [[Joseph Oller]], who also owned the [[Olympia (Paris)|Paris Olympia]]. The original venue was destroyed by fire in 1915, reopening in 1925 after rebuilding. Moulin Rouge is southwest of [[Montmartre]], in the Paris district of [[Quartier Pigalle|Pigalle]] on Boulevard de Clichy in the [[18ème arrondissement, Paris|18th ''arrondissement'']], and has a landmark red [[windmill]] on its roof. The closest métro station is [[Blanche (Paris Métro)|Blanche]].

Moulin Rouge is best known as the birthplace of the modern form of the [[can-can]] dance. Originally introduced as a seductive dance by the [[courtesan]]s who operated from the site, the can-can dance [[revue]] evolved into a form of entertainment of its own and led to the introduction of [[cabaret]]s across Europe. Today, the Moulin Rouge is a [[tourist attraction]], offering predominantly musical dance entertainment for visitors from around the world. The club's decor still contains much of the romance of ''[[fin de siècle]]'' 19, France.

==History==
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===Creation and early success===
On 6 October 1889, the Moulin Rouge opened as the '''Jardin de Paris''',<ref name="dtdcafm-cafes-halls-H">{{cite web|last1=Dubé|first1=Paul|last2=Marchioro|first2=Jacques|title=Cafés concerts et music-halls H : Horloge, L' – Champs-Élysées, 8e|url=http://www.dutempsdescerisesauxfeuillesmortes.net/textes_divers/cafes_concerts_et_music_halls/caf_conc_liste_alpha/cafes_concerts_h.htm#horloge|website=du temps des cerises aux feuilles mortes .net|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="dtdcafm-cafes-halls-J">{{cite web|last1=Dubé|first1=Paul|last2=Marchioro|first2=Jacques|title=Cafés concerts et music-halls J : Jardin de Paris – Champs-Élysées, 8e|url=http://www.dutempsdescerisesauxfeuillesmortes.net/textes_divers/cafes_concerts_et_music_halls/caf_conc_liste_alpha/cafes_concerts_j.htm#jardin_paris|website=du temps des cerises aux feuilles mortes .net|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=L'entrée du Jardin de Paris|url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-ea3f-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99|website=NYPL Digital Collections|access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref> an outdoor garden [[Café chantant|café-concert]],<ref name="parisfordreamers-moulin-rouge">{{cite web|last1=Lawrence|first1=Katrina|title=In Search of the Lost Moulin Rouge|url=https://parisfordreamers.com/2019/07/01/in-search-of-the-lost-moulin-rouge/|website=Paris For Dreamers|date=1 July 2019}}<!-- https://www.harpercollins.ca/author/cr-189167/katrina-lawrence --></ref> at the foot of the Montmartre hill. Its creator [[Joseph Oller]] and his Manager [[Charles Zidler]] were formidable businessmen who understood the public's tastes. The aim was to attract wealthy individuals to experience the ambiance of the fashionable district of [[Montmartre]], which was perceived as a form of slumming. The elaborate setting, featuring a garden adorned with a large elephant, provided an environment where individuals from various social strata could interact. This included workers, local residents, artists, the middle class, businessmen, stylish women, and tourists passing through Paris. Nicknamed "The First Palace of Women" by Oller and Zidler, the cabaret swiftly garnered significant acclaim. Key factors contributing to its success included:<ref name="Histoire du Moulin Rouge"/>
* Revolutionary auditorium architecture enabling rapid changes of décor and fostering social interaction among all patrons.
* Champagne evenings characterized by lively entertainment and dancing, featuring regularly changing amusing acts like [[Le Pétomane]].
* A new dance, inspired by the quadrille and gaining popularity, known as the [[Can-can]]. Dancers performed this energetic dance to a lively rhythm while wearing provocative costumes.
* Prominent dancers from the era included figures such as [[la Goulue]], [[Jane Avril]], la Môme Fromage, Grille d'Egout, Nini Pattes en l'Air, Yvette Guilbert, [[Valentin le désossé]], and the clown [[Cha-U-Kao]].
* A favored venue among artists, including [[Toulouse-Lautrec]], whose posters and paintings contributed to the rapid and international renown of the Moulin Rouge.
<gallery mode=packed caption="Art and posters">
File:(Albi) Bal au Moulin Rouge place Blanche 1889 - Jules Chéret.jpg|''Bal au Moulin Rouge, Place Blanche'', poster by [[Jules Chéret]], 1889
File:Henri-de-Toulouse-Lautrec-with-Tremolada-standing-next-to-Jules-Cherets-1889-poster.png|[[Charles Zidler|Zidler's]] assistant and Moulin-Rouge manager, ''Tremolada'', pointing at [[Jules Chéret]]{{'}}s 1889 poster, ''Bal du Moulin Rouge'' with [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec|Toulouse-Lautrec]], Place Blanche, Paris, 1892<ref>{{cite web|title=Toulouse-Lautrec et Tremolada, adjoint de Zidler au Moulin-Rouge, 1892|url=https://musees-occitanie.fr/oeuvre/toulouse-lautrec-et-tremolada/|website=La collection Toulouse-Lautrec|publisher=[[Musées Occitanie]]|access-date=28 May 2022|language=fr-FR}}</ref><!-- https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k288419h/texteBrut -->
File:Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Moulin Rouge - La Goulue, 1891 - The Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|''[[Moulin Rouge: La Goulue]]'' by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], 1891
File:Au joyeux moulin rouge Choubrac-1896.jpg|Advertising poster of the Moulin Rouge by [[Alfred Choubrac]], 1896
File:At the Moulin Rouge- La Goulue and Her Sister MET DP835768.jpg|''At the Moulin Rouge, [[La Goulue]] and her Sister'' (''Au Moulin Rouge, [[La Goulue]] et sa sœur'') by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], 1892
File:Cheret MoulinRouge ParisCancan.jpg|Poster by [[Jules Chéret]], 1890
</gallery>

===Greatest moments===
During its early years, the Moulin Rouge featured extravagant shows inspired by the circus, along with attractions that gained widespread fame, such as [[Le Pétomane|Pétomane]]. Concert-dances were organized daily at 10 pm. Between 1886 and 1910, the comic duo Footit and Chocolat, comprising a white authoritarian clown and a black long-suffering [[Clown|Auguste]], gained popularity and were frequently featured on Moulin Rouge posters.
On 19 April 1890, the first revue, "Circassiens et Circassiennes," debuted. On 26 October 1890, during a private visit to Paris, the Prince of Wales, later [[Edward VII]], reserved a table to witness a quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, where La Goulue famously greeted him with the exclamation, "Hey, Wales, the champagne's on you!" In 1891, Toulouse-Lautrec created his first poster for the Moulin Rouge, featuring ''[[La Goulue]]''.
In 1893, the "[[Bal des Quat'z'Arts]]" sparked scandal with its procession featuring a nude [[Cleopatra]] surrounded by young naked women. On 12 November 1897, the Moulin Rouge closed for the first time to mourn the passing of its manager and co-founder, Charles Zidler. Yvette Guilbert paid homage to him, saying, "You have the knack of creating popular pleasure, in the finest sense of the word, of entertaining crowds with subtlety, according to the status of those to be entertained."
In 1900, the Universal Exhibition attracted visitors from around the world to the Moulin Rouge, solidifying Paris's reputation as a city of decadent pleasure. This led to the establishment of imitation "Moulin Rouges" and "Montmartres" in many other countries.

===Operetta and grand shows===
[[File:Théatre-Concert du Moulin-Rouge 1904.jpg|thumb|right|Share certificate of 500 francs, sold to raise funds to build a theatre building at the outdoor venue, issued 15 February 1904]]In January 1903, the Moulin Rouge underwent renovation and improvement under the direction of [[Édouard Niermans (architect)|Édouard Niermans]], a prominent architect of the [[Belle Époque]] era, amongst other works he designed the brasserie Mollard, the [[Casino de Paris]], the [[Folies Bergère]] in Paris, the Palace Hôtel in Ostend in Belgium, the rebuilding of the [[Hôtel du Palais]] in Biarritz, and the creation of the [[Hotel Negresco]] on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice. This included the addition of aperitif concerts, attracting the fashionable elite for dining and entertainment in a luxurious setting. Until the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]], the Moulin Rouge became renowned for its operetta performances. Successful shows during this period included Voluptata, La Feuille de Vigne, Le Rêve d'Egypte, Tais-toi tu m'affoles, among others, each with evocative titles. On 3 January 1907, during the performance of Le Rêve d'Egypte, [[Colette]] exchanged scandalous kisses that revealed her connection to the Duchess of Morny, leading to the show being banned. [[Mistinguett]] made her debut at the Moulin Rouge on 29 July 1907 in the Revue de la Femme, showcasing her undeniable talent. She quickly rose to fame, achieving immense success the following year with [[Max Dearly]] in La Valse chaloupée. Born into poverty, Mistinguett's sharp wit and determination propelled her to become a successful businesswoman, touring extensively across Europe and the United States. On 9 April 1910, a former lady-in-waiting to [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]] attended a showing of the Revue Amoureuse at the Moulin Rouge and was so captivated by the faithful recreation of a ceremony for the return of troops from Italy that she exclaimed, "Long Live the Empress!"
Tragically, on 27 February 1915, the Moulin Rouge was destroyed by fire during building works, resulting in a nine-year closure.<ref name="Grdn202404" /> In 1925, the rebuilt Moulin Rouge reopened its doors to the public.
<gallery mode=packed heights=180>
File:Moulin Rouge 1912.jpg|The Moulin Rouge, June 1912
File:Paris 1914 Moulin Rouge.jpg|The Moulin Rouge in [[Autochrome Lumière]] color, before the 1915 fire
File:Le Moulin Rouge, Boulevard de Clichy, Paris.jpg|Moulin Rouge, la revue ''Cache Ton Nu !'', 24 June 1914, by [[Stéphane Passet]]<ref>• {{cite web|title=CACHE TON NU!, undated (Moulin-Rouge, Paris)--Portfolio No. 34|url=https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingaid.cfm?kw=cache+ton&x=40&y=9&eadid=01440&showrequest=1|website=B. J. Simmons & Co.: An Inventory of Its Costume Design Records|publisher=[[Harry Ransom Center]]|access-date=28 May 2022}}<br />• {{cite web|title=De la Belle Époque aux Années folles : le Paris de la couleur|url=https://www.beauxarts.com/expos/de-la-belle-epoque-aux-annees-folles-le-paris-de-la-couleur/|website=Beaux Arts|date=4 November 2020|access-date=28 May 2022|language=fr-FR}}<br />• {{cite web|last1=Monier|first1=Noël|title=L'été trop chaud de 1914|url=https://www.18dumois.info/L-ete-trop-chaud-de-1914.html|website=Le 18e du mois|access-date=28 May 2022|language=fr|date=28 May 2022}}<br />• {{cite web|title=Paris – Le Moulin Rouge|url=https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/musee-carnavalet/oeuvres/paris-le-moulin-rouge-14|website=[[Musée Carnavalet]]|publisher=Paris Musées|access-date=28 May 2022}}<br />• {{cite news|title=Moulin Rouge|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k290321j/f5.item.r=%22Belle%20d'Herlys%22.zoom|access-date=28 May 2022|work=[[Le Figaro]]|publisher=[[Gallica]]|date=20 May 1914|page=5}}<br />• {{cite news|title=Moulin Rouge|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4739456v/f3.item.r=d'Herlys.zoom|access-date=28 May 2022|work=[[Le Bonnet rouge]]|publisher=[[Gallica]]|date=24 July 1914}}</ref>
</gallery>

===Mistinguett years===
[[File:Mistinguett Moulin Rouge.jpg|thumb|[[Mistinguett]], at the Moulin Rouge (1907–1929)]]Following World War I, [[Francis Salabert]] assumed management of the Moulin Rouge. As a businessman rather than a showman, he entrusted Jacques-Charles, a prominent impresario, with revitalizing the cabaret. The Moulin Rouge experienced a resurgence with the performances of stars such as Mistinguett, [[Jeanne Aubert]], and [[Maurice Chevalier]], as well as the introduction of American revues featuring the Hoffmann Girls.

In 1923, composer and conductor Raphaël Beretta proposed a reconstruction of the Moulin Rouge's music hall on a larger scale. The iconic mill structure, supported by a central facade adorned with oval dormers, was designed by Gesmar, a 20-year-old set designer whose work became synonymous with the venue.

Jacques-Charles and Mistinguett collaborated on several acclaimed revues, including:

1925: ''Revue Mistinguett''

1926: ''Ça c'est Paris''

1928: ''Paris qui tourne''

During a 1927 performance, an incident occurred when female dancers emerged from multi-tiered artificial cakes covered in real frosting. The slippery cake cream on their high heels caused them to repeatedly slip and fall on stage, resulting in disruptions to the show.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The big periods of the Moulin Rouge – PARISCityVISION|url=https://www.pariscityvision.com/en/paris-by-night/moulin-rouge/big-times-big-names-moulin-rouge|access-date=2024-05-24|website=pariscityvision.com}}</ref>

Mistinguett's tenure at the Moulin Rouge produced enduring songs such as "Valencia," "Ça c'est Paris" (both by [[José Padilla (composer)|Jose Padilla]]), "Il m'a vue nue," "On m' suit," and "La Java de Doudoune," the latter performed with [[Jean Gabin]].

===After Mistinguett===
In 1929, Mistinguett retired from the stage, leading to the transformation of the Moulin Rouge's ballroom into an ultra-modern Night Club.

From June to August 1929, the revue ''Lew Leslie's Blackbirds'', featuring jazz singer and Broadway star [[Adelaide Hall]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Underneath a Harlem moon : the Harlem to Paris years of Adelaide Hall {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/51780394|access-date=2024-05-24|website=search.worldcat.org}}</ref> along with a troop of a hundred black artists accompanied by the Jazz Plantation Orchestra, became the hit of the season at the Moulin Rouge.<ref name="Les secrets du Moulin Rouge">Jaques Habas, ''Les secrets du moulin rouge'', 2010</ref>

In 1937, the [[Cotton Club]], renowned in New York, was showcased at the Moulin Rouge, alongside performances by Ray Ventura and his Collegians.

During the Second World War (1939–1945), the Moulin Rouge was highlighted in the German Occupation Guide as a must-visit attraction in Paris.<ref name="we">Emotion in Motion: Tourism, Affect and Transformation, Dr David Picard, Professor Mike Robinson, Ashgate Publishing, 28 November 2012</ref> Its stage shows continued for the occupation troops and were mentioned in autobiographies of German officers such as [[Ernst Jünger]] and Gerhard Heller.<ref>Compare 'Für Volk and Führer: The Memoir of a Veteran of the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, Erwin Bartmann, Helion and Company, 19 October 2013'</ref> The Germans facilitated "recreational visits" in Paris for their troops, promoting the motto "Jeder einmal in Paris" (everyone once in Paris). The widespread prostitution during the occupation eventually led to the implementation of the [[Loi Marthe Richard]] in 1946, which closed bordellos and reduced stage shows to dancing events.

In 1944, shortly after the [[liberation of Paris]], [[Édith Piaf|Edith Piaf]], who had performed frequently at social gatherings for German forces during the war, returned to the stage at the Moulin Rouge. She was accompanied by [[Yves Montand]], a newcomer chosen to perform with her.

<gallery heights=180 widths=220>
File:Vu (magazine) N°77.JPG|[[Vu (magazine)|''Vu'']], issue N°77, Wednesday, 4 September 1929, front cover, with [[Adelaide Hall]] star of ''[[Blackbirds of 1928|Blackbirds]]'' at the Moulin Rouge, titled "Au revoir Black Birds !", saying farewell after a production run of four months
File:De Moulin Rouge in Parijs bij avond, Bestanddeelnr 254-5695.jpg|Moulin Rouge Cinema at night, 1936. 
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-129-0480-25, Paris, deutsche Soldaten vor dem Moulin Rouge.jpg|Two German soldiers, with two women, in front of the Moulin Rouge, during the [[Fall of France|Nazi occupation]], June 1940.
</gallery>

===Renewal===
[[File:Moulin Rouge, Paris April 2011.jpg|thumb|The Moulin Rouge, midnight, April 2011]]
[[File:Moulin Rouge in Paris - 3.jpg|thumb|Moulin Rouge entrance]]On 22 June 1951, Georges France, also known as Jo France, founder of the {{ill|Balajo|fr|Balajo}} in Paris, acquired the Moulin Rouge and initiated extensive renovation efforts. Architects Pierre Devinoy, Bernard de La Tour d’Auvergne, and [[Marion Tournon-Branly]] were tasked with enhancing and outfitting the new auditorium. The envisioned décor by Jo France, largely executed by Henri Mahé, a prominent designer of the era, remains intact to this day.

The return of evening dances, acts, and the iconic French cancan marked a revival at the Moulin Rouge. On 19 May 1953, the 25th "Bal des Petits Lits Blancs," organized by novelist [[Guy des Cars]], attracted notable figures such as French President [[Vincent Auriol]] and featured [[Bing Crosby]]'s European stage debut. Between 1951 and 1960, the stage saw performances by renowned artists including [[Luis Mariano]], [[Charles Trenet|Charles Trénet]], and [[Josephine Baker]].

In 1955, Jo France transferred ownership to brothers Joseph and Louis Clérico, proprietors of [[Le Lido]],<ref name="telegraph" /> with Jean Bauchet assuming the managerial role. The tradition of the French cancan continued, choreographed by Ruggero Angeletti. Doris Haug established the "Doris's Girls" troop in 1957, initially comprising four girls and later expanding to sixty.

Transformations in 1959 included renovations to the Moulin Rouge's kitchens, while the introduction of ''The Revue Japonaise'' in 1960 showcased Japanese artists and popularized [[Kabuki]] in Montmartre. In 1962, [[Jacki Clérico]], son of Joseph Clérico, assumed leadership,<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/theatre-obituaries/9812108/Jacki-Clerico.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/theatre-obituaries/9812108/Jacki-Clerico.html|archive-date=12 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Jacki Clerico|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|date=18 January 2013|access-date=24 January 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ushering in an era of expansion with the enlargement of the auditorium, installation of a giant aquarium, and the introduction of the first aquatic ballet. ''The Revue Cancan'', devised by Doris Haug and Ruggero Angeletti, premiered the same year.

Since 1963, following the success of the Frou-Frou revue, Jacki Clérico adopted a tradition of naming revues with titles beginning with the letter F. Throughout these productions, the famed French cancan remained a staple feature:<ref name="Le Moulin Rouge">Jacques Pessis et Jacques Crépineau, The Moulin Rouge, October 2002</ref>
:* 1963–1965: ''Frou-Frou''
:* 1965–1967: ''Frisson''
:* 1967–1970: ''Fascination''
:* 1970–1973: ''Fantastic''
:* 1973–1976: ''Festival''
:* 1976–1978: ''Follement''
:* 1978–1983: ''Frénésie''
:* 1983–1988: ''Femmes, femmes, femmes''
:* 1988–1999: ''Formidable''
:* Since 1999: ''[[Féerie (Moulin Rouge)|Féerie]]''

On 7 September 1979, the Moulin Rouge marked its 90th anniversary, reaffirming its status as a prominent fixture in Parisian nightlife. The celebration featured an array of stars, including [[Ginger Rogers]], [[Thierry Le Luron]], [[Dalida]], and [[Charles Aznavour]], among others. Notable events followed, including a special presentation of the show to Her Majesty Queen [[Elizabeth II]] on 23 November 1981. The venue hosted renowned performers such as [[Liza Minnelli]] in February 1982, followed by gala performances with [[Dean Martin]] in July 1984 and [[Frank Sinatra]] in September 1984. A milestone occurred on 1 December 1986, when world-renowned dancer [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]] premiered an original ballet by [[Maurice Béjart]] at the Moulin Rouge.

In February 1988, despite the original building's destruction in 1915, the Moulin Rouge celebrated its centenary with the premiere of the revue "Formidable," a prestigious event attended by [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]]. Subsequent events included performances in London and gala celebrations featuring an array of luminaries, including Charles Aznavour, [[Ella Fitzgerald]], and [[Jerry Lewis]]. Over the years, the Moulin Rouge continued to host charitable events, such as the [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]] gala in support of the Artists' Foundation against [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] in 1994, and the [[Lancôme]] gala in 1995. The centenary revue "Formidable" concluded in November 1999, paving the way for the debut of the new revue "Féerie" in December 1999.

In 2008, soloist dancer [[Aleksandar Josipović]] served as master of ceremonies at the [[Eurovision Song Contest|53rd Eurovision Song Contest]]. The venue's global reach extended further in February 2009 when it was showcased as part of the Year of France in Brazil and the [[Rio Carnival]] on [[Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro|Copacabana Beach]]. However, on 13 January 2013, Moulin Rouge owner Jacki Clérico passed away,<ref name="telegraph" /> followed by the death of Doris Haug, founder of the Doris's Girls, on 10 August 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2014/08/13/doris-haug-maitresse-de-ballet-du-moulin-rouge-est-morte_4471162_3382.html|title=Doris Haug, maîtresse de ballet du Moulin Rouge, est morte|newspaper=Le Monde|date=13 August 2014}}</ref> Despite these losses, the Moulin Rouge celebrated its 125th anniversary on 6 October 2014.

On 25 April 2024, the cabaret's windmill blades collapsed onto the street, resulting in damage to the facade. No injuries were reported.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240425-blades-of-paris-landmark-moulin-rouge-windmill-collapse-1|title=Blades of Paris landmark Moulin Rouge windmill collapse|publisher=France 24|date=25 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="Grdn202404">{{cite news|last1=Henley|first1=Jon|title=Moulin Rouge windmill sails collapse in Paris|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/25/moulin-rouge-windmill-blades-collapse-in-paris|access-date=25 April 2024|work=The Guardian|date=25 April 2024}}</ref> The windmill was restored on 5 July that year, in time for the [[2024 Summer Olympics torch relay|Olympic torch relay]] that passed through the area on 15 July.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-06/iconic-paris-cabaret-club-moulin-rouge-has-its-windmill-back/104067022|title=Iconic Paris cabaret club Moulin Rouge has its windmill back after structure collapse in April|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=6 July 2024|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.independent.ie/opinion/comment/mary-kenny-paris-may-have-changed-but-2024-olympics-later-this-month-will-no-doubt-show-off-its-modern-charm/a970877267.html | title=Mary Kenny: Paris may have changed, but 2024 Olympics later this month will no doubt show off its modern charm | date=17 July 2024 }}</ref>

==Documentaries==

*''Quadrille dansé par les étoiles du Moulin-Rouge 1,2&3'' (1899–1902), France – produced by Pathé (3 episodes of 20 min)
*''An Evening at the Moulin Rouge'' (1981), Réalisé par David Niles, produced by HBO (length : 60 min)
*''Les Dessous du Moulin Rouge'' (2000), Réalisé par Nils Tavernier, produced by Little Bear (length  : 52 min)
*''Coulisses d'une revue, le Moulin Rouge'' (2001), directed by par Philippe Pouchain and Yves Riou (length  : 60 min)
*''Moulin Rouge Forever'' (2002), directed by Philippe Pouchain and Yves Riou (length: 55 min)
*''Moulin Rouge : la restauration'' and ''Une vie de passion au Moulin Rouge''. Two documentaries available with the ''Moulin Rouge'' movie of John Huston.
*''Au cœur du Moulin Rouge'' (''At the heart of Moulin Rouge'') (2012), Directed by Marie Vabre, produced by [[3e Œil Productions]] (90 min).

==Books==

===Illustrated books===
*''The Moulin Rouge'' (1989), by Jacques Pessis and Jacques Crépineau – Publisher: St Martins
*''The Moulin Rouge'' (2002), by Jacques Pessis and Jacques Crépineau – Publisher: Le Cherche-Midi
*''Moulin Rouge, Paris'' (2002), by Christophe Mirambeau – Publisher: Assouline
*''Flipbook Moulin Rouge Paris France 23h18'', Paris (2003), by Jean-Luc Planche – Publisher: Youpeka

===About Moulin Rouge and its characters===
*{{cite book|last1=Duret|first1=Théodore|author1-link=Théodore Duret|title=Lautrec|date=1920|publisher=Bernheim-Jeune|location=Paris|url=https://archive.org/details/lautrec00dure <!-- https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=ha000417601 -->|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* Pierre La Mure ''Moulin Rouge'' (1950), a novel based on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Random House
*[[Jose Shercliff]] ''Jane Avril of the Moulin Rouge'' (1954), Macrae Smith Co
* Jean Nohain and François Caradec ''Le Pétomane 1857–1945'' a tribute to the unique act which shook and shattered the Moulin-Rouge (1967), Souvenir Press
* Robert Burleigh ''Toulouse-Lautrec : The Moulin Rouge and the City of Light'', (2003), Harry N. Abrams

==Legacy==

===Enterprises===
The Moulin Rouge in Paris was a source of inspiration for:
* The [[Green Mill Cocktail Lounge|Green Mill]] bar in Chicago, Illinois<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flynn |first=Katherine |date=2016-03-03 |title=The Green Mill in Chicago |url=https://savingplaces.org/stories/the-green-mill-in-chicago |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=[[National Trust for Historic Preservation]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Moulin Rouge Hotel]] in Las Vegas, Nevada
* The nude revues at the [[Windmill Theatre]], created by [[Laura Henderson]] and [[Vivian Van Damm]]
* The Moulin Rouge restaurant in [[Park Street, Kolkata]] is inspired by this cabaret along with the symbolic windmill.

===Film===

*''Moulin Rouge Dancers 1&2'' (1898) – United States – silent film about the Moulin Rouge
*''[[Queen of the Moulin Rouge]]'' (1922), directed by [[Ray C. Smallwood]] and [[Peter Milne (screenwriter)|Peter Milne]] – United States – silent film about the Moulin Rouge
*''[[Le Fantôme du Moulin Rouge]]'' (1925), directed by [[René Clair]] – with [[Sandra Milovanoff]] and Georges Vaultier
*''[[Moulin Rouge (1928 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' (1928), directed by [[Ewald André Dupont]] – With [[Olga Chekhova]], [[Eve Gray]] and [[Jean Bradin]]
*''[[Moulin Rouge (1934 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' also titled ''L'étoile du Moulin Rouge'' (1934), directed by [[Sidney Lanfield]] – with [[Constance Bennett]] – United States
*''[[La Chaste Suzanne]]'' (1937/1938), directed by André Berthomieu – with [[Raimu]] and [[Henri Garat]]
*''[[La Petite femme du Moulin Rouge|La P'tite femme du Moulin Rouge]]'' (1945), directed by Benito Perojo – with [[Alberto Bello]], [[Héctor Calcaño]], [[Homero Cárpena]], and [[Tilda Thamar]]
*''A Night at the Moulin Rouge'' (1951) is a film (also circulated under the title ''Ding Dong!'') of burlesque acts of the Moulin Rouge club in [[Oakland, California]]
*''[[Moulin Rouge (1952 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' (1952), directed by [[John Huston]]- with [[José Ferrer]], [[Suzanne Flon]] and [[Zsa Zsa Gabor]]
*''[[French Cancan]]'' (1955), directed by [[Jean Renoir]] – with [[Jean Gabin]], [[Françoise Arnoul]], [[María Félix]], [[Jean-Roger Caussimon]], [[Gianni Esposito]], [[Philippe Clay]], and [[Michel Piccoli]]
*''[[A Night at the Moulin Rouge]]'' (1957), directed by Jean-Claude Roy – with Tilda Thamar, Noël Roquevert, Armand Bernard and [[Jean Tissier]]
*''La Chaste Suzanne'' (1963), directed by Luis César Amadori – with [[Armand Mestral]], [[Noël Roquevert]] and [[Frédéric Duvallès]] – Spain/France
*''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), directed by [[Baz Luhrmann]], with [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Nicole Kidman]], [[John Leguizamo]], [[Jim Broadbent]], and [[Richard Roxburgh]]
*''[[Midnight in Paris]]'' (2011), directed by [[Woody Allen]], with [[Owen Wilson]], [[Marion Cotillard]], [[Rachel McAdams]], [[Tom Hiddleston]], [[Corey Stoll]], [[Kathy Bates]], and [[Adrien Brody]] – Spain, US

===Music===
*The music video for the "[[Lady Marmalade]]" cover act by [[Christina Aguilera]], [[Pink (singer)|Pink]], [[Lil' Kim]], and [[Mýa]] was filmed on a replica set of the Moulin Rouge
*[[Prince (musician)|Prince]] and his concert film ''[[Sign o' the Times (film)|Sign o' the Times]]'' (1987) featured the Moulin Rouge as part of his stage venue and props
*The second music video for The Killers' song "[[Mr. Brightside]]" was set in the Moulin Rouge
*It is the title of a 2014 single sung by [[kamijo (musician)|Kamijo]]

===Stage adaptations===
*The 2018 musical ''[[Moulin Rouge! (musical)|Moulin Rouge!]]'' is an adaptation of the 2001 Baz Luhrmann film.

==See also==
{{Portal|France|Theatre}}
* [[Absinthe (show)|Absinthe]]
* [[Cabaret Red Light]]
* ''[[Jubilee!]]''
* [[Paradis Latin]]
* [[Peepshow (burlesque)|Peepshow]]
* [[Sirens of TI]]
* [[Tropicana Club]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Moulin Rouge}}
* [http://www.moulinrouge.fr/?lang=en Moulin Rouge official website in English]
* [http://www.moulinrouge.fr/ Moulin Rouge official website in French]
* [https://www.cparama.com/forum/paris-le-moulin-rouge-t5376.html Moulin Rouge – 42 Early Postcards] at CPArama
* [https://www.leshumanites.org/post/la-danseuse-du-moulin La danseuse du Moulin] leshumanites Art+CultureDéveloppement
* [https://www.queroviajarmais.com/moulin-rouge-em-paris/ História do Moulin Rouge]
* [https://nypost.com/2015/09/28/moulin-rouge-dancers-show-up-desnudas-in-times-square/ Moulin Rouge in Times Square] – ''[[New York Post]]''<!-- https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moulin-rouge-joins-best-of-france-for-todays-ringing-of-nasdaq-closing-bell-300149426.html -->
* [https://webdoc.rfi.fr/moulin-rouge-125-ans-cabaret-feerie/chapitres/chap1.html Les 125 ans du Moulin Rouge] – [[Radio France Internationale]]

{{Visitor attractions in Paris}}
{{Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Moulin Rouge| ]]
[[Category:Cabarets in Paris]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the 18th arrondissement of Paris]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Belle Époque]]
[[Category:Burned buildings and structures in France]]