Editing Mortlake

{{other places}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| region                   = London
| static_image_name        = Mortlake - Junction of Upper Richmond Road and Sheen Lane (2017).JPG
| population               = {{london ward populations|00BDGF|population}}
| static_image_caption     = Mortlake from the Junction of Upper Richmond Road and Sheen Lane
| population_ref           = ({{london ward populations|00BDGF|ward}} ward {{london ward populations|year}})<ref name=ons>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density] ''[[Office for National Statistics]]''</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 4.50
| civil_parish             = <!-- Unparished area -->
| official_name            = Mortlake
| london_borough           = Richmond upon Thames
| coordinates              = {{coord|51.4655|-0.2643|display=inline,title}}
| constituency_westminster = [[Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency)|Richmond Park]]
| post_town                = LONDON
| postcode_district        = SW14
| postcode_area            = SW
| dial_code                = 020
| os_grid_reference        = TQ205755
}}

'''Mortlake''' is a suburban<ref name="GLA 2002">{{cite book |title=A City of Villages: Promoting a sustainable future for London's suburbs |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/archives/uploads-tr11_villages.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529061141/http://london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/archives/uploads-tr11_villages.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-29 |url-status=live |work=SDS Technical Report 11 |publisher=[[Greater London Authority]] |date=August 2002 |access-date=16 January 2014 |isbn=1-85261-393-9}}</ref> district of the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] on the south bank of the [[River Thames]] between [[Kew]] and [[Barnes, London|Barnes]]. Historically it was part of [[Surrey]] and until 1965 was in the [[Municipal Borough of Barnes]]. For many centuries it had village status and extended far to the south, to include [[East Sheen]] and part of what is now [[Richmond Park]]. Its [[Stuart period|Stuart]] and [[Georgian era|Georgian]] history was economically one of [[Malt#Malting|malting]], brewing, farming, [[watermen]] and the [[Mortlake Tapestry Works]] (1617–1704), Britain's most important producer. A London landmark, the former Mortlake Brewery or Stag Brewery, is on the edge of Mortlake.

The [[Waterloo to Reading Line|Waterloo to Reading railway line]] runs through Mortlake, which has a pedestrianised riverside, two riverside [[pubs]] and a [[village green]]. [[The Boat Race]] finishes at Mortlake every March/April.

==Governance==
The area lies within the Mortlake and Barnes Common ward of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In the [[2018 United Kingdom local elections|2018 local elections]] two [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and one [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] were elected to represent the ward,<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results for Mortlake and Barnes Common, 3 May 2018 |url=https://cabnet.richmond.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=93&RPID=505319145 |website=Richmond.gov.uk |date=3 May 2018 |access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref> with two Liberal Democrats and one [[Green Party of England and Wales|Green]] elected in [[2022 United Kingdom local elections|2022]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results for Mortlake and Barnes Common, 5 May 2022 |website=Richmond.gov.uk |url=https://cabnet.richmond.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=117&RPID=528289517 |date=5 May 2022 |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> The ward is part of the [[Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency)|Richmond Park]] parliamentary constituency, and the [[South West (London Assembly constituency)|South West]] constituency in the [[London Assembly]].<ref>{{cite report|title=Fifth periodical report|volume=3 Mapping for the London Boroughs and the Metropolitan Counties |page=62|url=http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm70/7032/7032_iii.asp|date=5 February 2007|publisher=[[Boundary Commission for England]]|format=PDF|isbn=978-0101703222|access-date=7 May 2010|archive-date=14 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414044414/http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm70/7032/7032_iii.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Temple of British Worthies Sir John Barnard.jpg|thumb|This is a contemporary bust of Sir [[John Barnard (British politician)|John Barnard]] who lived much of his adult life as MP in one of a few Georgian mansions built in Mortlake for London's upper class. It is kept at [[Stowe House]], Buckinghamshire.]]

The place-name 'Mortlake' is first attested in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, where it appears as ''Mortelaga'' and ''Mortelage'', a name with two possible derivations. If the second element is the [[Old English]] ''lacu'' meaning a stream, then the first element is very likely the fish-name ''mort'' meaning a young salmon, hence 'salmon stream'. If the second element is the dialect ''lag'' meaning a long, narrow marshy meadow, then the name means 'Morta's meadow'.<ref>[[Eilert Ekwall|Ekwall, Eilert]], ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names'', p.331.</ref>

Mortlake lay in the [[hundred (county subdivision)|hundred]] of [[Brixton]], which faded into obscurity.<ref name = "Hundred">{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43023 |title=The hundred of Brixton: Introduction and map |editor=[[Henry Elliot Malden|Malden, H E]] |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1912 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}</ref>

According to the Domesday Book, the [[Manorialism|manor]] and [[parish]] of ''Mortlage'' <ref name="Lysons"/> was held by [[Lanfranc|Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury]] when its assets were: 25 [[hide (unit)|hides]]; 1 church, 2 [[Mill (grinding)|mills]] worth £5, 1 [[fishery]], 33 [[plough]]s, {{convert|20|acre|ha|0|abbr=off}} of [[meadow]], wood worth 55 [[hog (swine)|hogs]]. It rendered a large £38 plus 4[[shilling (British coin)|s]] 4d from 17 houses in [[London]], 2s 3d from houses in [[Southwark]] and £1 from tolls at [[Putney]] per year to its [[feudal system]] overlords.<ref name="Lysons">{{cite web | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45385 | title=Mortlake | publisher=[[British History Online]] | work=The Environs of London: volume 1: County of Surrey | date=1792 | access-date=27 July 2013 | author=[[Daniel Lysons (antiquarian)|Lysons, Daniel]]}}</ref> The manor belonged to the [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Archbishops of Canterbury]] until the time of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], when it passed by exchange to the Crown. From the early part of the 17th century until after the [[English Civil War]], Mortlake was celebrated for the manufacture of [[tapestry]], founded during the reign of [[James VI and I|James I]] at the [[Mortlake Tapestry Works]].

Mortlake was reduced by {{convert|732|acre|ha|abbr=off}} when Richmond Park was created by [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] in 1637. Other parishes also lost smaller amounts of land to the new [[Deer park (England)|deer park]].<ref name="Brown 18">{{cite book | title=Barnes and Mortlake Past, with East Sheen | publisher=Historical Publications | author=Brown, Maisie | year=1997 | page=18 | isbn=0-948667-46-X}}</ref>

Colston House's forebear was built by [[Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex]] then acquired by [[Edward Colston]], major benefactor and investor to the port city of [[Bristol]]. This was pulled down in 1860. John Barber, Lord Mayor in 1733, a suspected Jacobite opposed to the 'Georgian' [[House of Hanover]] but Member of Parliament for the [[City of London (UK Parliament constituency)|City]] on the strength of his opposition to [[Robert Walpole|Walpole]]'s protectionist [[Excise Bill|excise scheme]], was buried in Mortlake in 1741. He had given land to extend the churchyard. Sir [[Henry Taylor (dramatist)|Henry Taylor]], [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]], the dramatic poet, lived in Mortlake in the 19th century.<ref name=m/>

Sir [[John Barnard (British politician)|John Barnard]], [[Lord Mayor of London]] in the year 1737 and also an MP, used public addresses and private campaigns to outstanding effect in supporting the government against the Jacobite movement in 1745.<ref name=m/>

Since 1845, the [[Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race]] has had its finish point at Mortlake, marked by the [[University Boat Race Stones|University Boat Race stone]] just downstream of [[Chiswick Bridge]]. Several other important [[sport rowing|rowing]] races over the [[The Championship Course|Championship Course]] also either start or finish at the stone. The first National School in Mortlake was built providing compulsory education at primary level in 1869, followed by an infants school in 1890 and county level, into secondary level school in 1906. [[James Chuter Ede]] taught there in the years leading up to his election to [[Surrey County Council]] in 1914, when he became the leading figure in the development of education in Surrey; he eventually became [[Home Secretary]] throughout the [[Attlee]] administration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hart |first=Stephen |title=James Chuter Ede: Humane Reformer and Politician |year=2021 |publisher=Pen & Sword |isbn=9781526783721}}</ref>

[[File:John Dee memorial plaque at S Mary the Virgin Mortlake.jpg|thumb|[[John Dee (mathematician)|John Dee]] memorial plaque in the church of [[St Mary the Virgin Mortlake]]]]
[[File:Sir Richard Burton's Tomb.jpg|thumb|[[Mausoleum of Sir Richard and Lady Burton|Sir Richard Burton's tomb]] at [[St Mary Magdalen Roman Catholic Church Mortlake|St Mary Magdalen's Roman Catholic Church]] cemetery]]

==People==
{{main|List of people from Richmond upon Thames}}

===Living people===
[[Katherine Jenkins]], classical singer, lives in Mortlake.<ref name="Jenkins">{{cite news | url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/10905085.Katherine_Jenkins_heads_list_of_Richmond_residents_with_honours/ | title=Katherine Jenkins heads list of Richmond residents with honours | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=31 December 2013 | access-date=21 January 2014 | author=Ambrose, Tom}}</ref>

[[Tom Hardy]], actor, producer, writer and former model, grew up in Mortlake.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Urwin|first=Rosamund|date=2017-04-26|title=Tom Hardy: How the dog-loving feminist has captured Londoners' hearts|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/tom-hardy-how-the-dogloving-feminist-has-captured-londoners-hearts-a3524201.html|access-date=2022-02-26|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en}}</ref>

===Historical figures===
Apart from Archbishops of Canterbury, Mortlake's most famous former resident is [[John Dee (mathematician)|John Dee]] (1527–1608/09), [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], [[astrologer]], [[alchemist]] and adviser to Queen [[Elizabeth I]]. He lived at Mortlake from 1565 to 1595 except for the six years between 1583 and 1589 when he was travelling in Europe. His house no longer exists but it became the [[Mortlake Tapestry Works]] and at the end of the 18th century was a girls' school.<ref name="Dee Society">{{cite web | url=http://johndeemortlakesoc.org/history-dr-john-dee/dr-dees-house-mortlake/| title=Dee's House | publisher=John Dee of Mortlake Society | access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref>

[[Christopher Packe (politician)|Sir Christopher Packe]] (1593?–1682), [[Lord Mayor of London]], lived in Mortlake in about 1655–60.<ref name="People M-S">{{cite web | url=http://www.barnes-history.org.uk/celMS.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726173202/http://www.barnes-history.org.uk/celMS.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-26 |url-status=live | title=People of Mortlake, Barnes and East Sheen: M&nbsp;– S | publisher=[[Barnes and Mortlake History Society]] | access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref>

[[John Partridge (astrologer)]] (1644–c.1714) was born at East Sheen and apprenticed to a local shoemaker. He died in Mortlake and is buried there.<ref name="People M-S"/>

[[Edward Colston]], the English merchant, [[philanthropy|philanthropist]] and [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]] Member of Parliament who was involved in the [[Atlantic slave trade]], lived at (old) Cromwell House (demolished 1857) from about 1689 until his death in 1721.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deaton|first=Helen|title=The Story of Cromwell House at Mortlake|publisher=[[Barnes and Mortlake History Society]]|date = 2009|isbn=978-0954203849}}</ref> 

The cemetery of [[St Mary Magdalen Roman Catholic Church Mortlake]] contains the [[Mausoleum of Sir Richard and Lady Burton|tomb]] of the Victorian explorer and orientalist [[Richard Francis Burton|Sir Richard Burton]] (1821–1890).<ref name="Listed">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1065392  |desc=Mausoleum of Sir Richard and Lady Burton, Churchyard of St Mary Magdalen|date = 30 October 1973|access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref> 

Former British Prime Minister [[Henry Addington]] (1757–1844) who, as Lord Sidmouth, was Ranger of [[Richmond Park]], and after whom the park's Sidmouth Plantation is named, is buried at [[St Mary the Virgin Mortlake]].<ref name="Listed"/><ref name="Empire">{{cite web | url=http://www.napoleon-empire.com/personalities/addington.php | title=Henry Addington (1757–1844) First Viscount Sidmouth | publisher=Napoleon & Empire | access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>

[[Ada Lovelace]] (1815–1852), English mathematician and writer, lived in Mortlake when she was 15 years old.<ref>{{cite book|last=Woolley|first=Benjamin|date=2015|title=Ada Lovelace: Bride of Science|publisher=Pan Macmillan |page=116|isbn=978-1-4472-7254-0}}</ref>

==Economy==
Mortlake is mostly a residential [[commuter town]] with a strong history of self-employed trades as it has traditionally centred its commerce on its foreshortened boundary, the Upper Richmond Road, arguably half part of [[East Sheen]]. Some businesses on the north side of the Upper Richmond Road make reference to the old ecclesiastical and ward boundaries supported by their still Mortlake side streets.<ref>[http://www.allinlondon.co.uk/directory/1086/39308.php Memories of Mortlake] Retrieved 21 December 2013</ref> East Sheen was once a manor in the parish of Mortlake and since early times an economic forum, and now a dining and convenience hub of the two districts. The [[Victoria County History]]'s volume on Surrey, written from 1910 to 1912, does not list East Sheen as a parish, describes its detailed history under Mortlake and states the parish was "now connected with Barnes on one side and with New Richmond on the other".<ref name=m>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43033 |title=Parishes: Mortlake |editor=[[Henry Elliot Malden|Malden, H E]] |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1912 |work=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4 |access-date=21 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=mills>Mills, Anthony David, ''Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names'' (2001)</ref> With the advent of motor transport, the buildings on [[Mortlake High Street|Mortlake's winding high street]], also known as the Lower Mortlake Road, have been mostly residential or used by the brewery.

==Stag Brewery or Mortlake Brewery==
[[File:Boat Race Mortlake Brewery.jpg|thumb|The former Budweiser Stag Brewery]]
[[File:Watney Combe Reid - the Stag Brewery, Mortlake 1989 - geograph.org.uk - 346844.jpg|thumb|The Stag Brewery, Mortlake in 1989]]
[[File:123 Mortlake High Street front.jpg|thumb|[[123 Mortlake High Street]], built in 1720 and, from 1895 until 1940, was the seat of local government for the [[Municipal Borough of Barnes]] (which was abolished in 1965).]]
[[File:Turner Mortlake Terrace Early Summer Morning 1826.jpg|thumb|''[[Mortlake Terrace: Early Summer Morning]]'' by [[J. M. W. Turner|Turner]], 1826]]
In the 1840s Charles James Philips and James Wigan acquired Mortlake Brewery, which had existed since the 15th century.<ref name="Turton">{{cite book | title=The Brewing Industry: A Guide to Historical Records | publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |editor=Richmond, Lesley |editor2=Turton, Alison |year=1990}}</ref>

In 1889 the brewery was acquired by James Watney & Co., which in 1898 became [[Watney Combe & Reid]] after acquiring Messrs. [[Combe Delafield and Co.]] and Messrs. Reid and Co. When Watney's Stag Brewery in [[Victoria, London]], was demolished in 1959, the name was 30 years later, applied to Mortlake Brewery. Being the last phase of [[The Boat Race]] which refers to all the traditional local names, it is still widely referred to as the Mortlake Brewery.<ref name="Turton"/>

The brewery became part of [[Scottish & Newcastle|Scottish Courage]], briefly part of [[Heineken]] and was then divested to [[Anheuser-Busch#Other operations|Anheuser-Busch Europe Ltd]] as it produced the company's [[Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch)|''Budweiser'']] [[pale lager]]. In January 2009, [[Anheuser-Busch InBev]] said that the company was proposing to close the Stag Brewery in 2010 as a result of a merger between InBev and Anheuser-Busch.<ref name="Grocer">{{cite news | url=http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/companies/stag-to-be-first-casualty-of-ab-inbev-merger/196598.article | title=Stag to be first casualty of AB InBev merger | work=[[The Grocer]] | date=10 January 2009 | access-date=9 January 2016}}</ref> In November 2015, it was announced that the site had been sold for £158m to Reselton&nbsp;– part of Singapore's City Developments, which also bought the former [[Teddington Studios]]. The brewery closed in December 2015<ref name="Riverside quarter">{{cite news | url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/14149831.Historic_Stag_Brewery_closes_to_make_way_for_new__riverside_quarter__including_restaurants__shops_and_cafes/?ref=rss | title=Historic Stag Brewery closes to make way for new "riverside quarter" including restaurants, shops and cafes | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=17 December 2015 | access-date=17 December 2015 | author=Ambrose, Tom}}</ref> and there are plans to build 850 apartments on the {{convert|22|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on|0}} location.<ref name="Bourke">{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/stag-brewery-facing-last-orders-as-luxury-flats-move-in-a6750881.html | title=Stag Brewery facing last orders as luxury flats move in | work=[[The Independent]] | date=27 November 2015 | access-date=29 November 2015 | author=Bourke, Joanna}}</ref>

==Amenities==
Mortlake affords an undistracted view of the river as its riverside promenade is set by its buildings including the former brewery, unlike the embankment style roads along other London banks such as in Barnes until [[Barnes Bridge]].

The two large [[pubs]] at either end of the riverside promenade are not [[listed building]]s:
* The White Hart
* The Ship

Places of worship include:
* [[St Mary Magdalen Roman Catholic Church Mortlake]]
* [[St Mary the Virgin Mortlake]] (Anglican)

==Transport==
[[File:Bus terminus, North Worple Way - geograph.org.uk - 1814304.jpg|thumb|The terminus of [[London Buses route 209]] at North Worple Way, Mortlake]]

===Adjoining districts===
* [[Barnes, London|Barnes]]
* [[Chiswick]] ([[Grove Park, Hounslow|Grove Park]], after which is Old Chiswick or [[Strand-on-the-Green]], depending on direction)
* [[East Sheen]]
* [[Kew]]

===Nearest railway stations===
* [[Mortlake railway station]]
* [[Barnes Bridge railway station]]
* [[North Sheen railway station]]

These are minor stops on the [[Waterloo–Reading line]] which has four branch lines: to [[Windsor Riverside station]], to [[Weybridge station|Weybridge]] and back to the London terminus via [[Kingston (London) railway station|Kingston upon Thames]] or [[Brentford station|Brentford]]. The stations are only served by trains on the latter two lines, as services to Windsor or Reading bypass both.

This railway is a narrow bisector of the settlement, being generally on the flat with its streets, which tend to run perpendicular to it. It runs in the middle of Worple Way, separating it into north and south sides.

Adjacent to Mortlake Station is Queen Victoria's old Waiting Room – now occupied by a classic car showroom – built for her and Prince Albert as they frequented White Lodge in Richmond Park, where their family and later their son, Prince of Wales (later Edward VII ) lived.

==Demography and housing==
To ensure that all the local authority [[wards of the United Kingdom|wards]] have electorates of approximately the same size, the ward covering Mortlake also includes parts of Barnes.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''2011 Census homes'''
|-
!Ward !!Detached  !!Semi-detached!!Terraced!!Flats and apartments!!Caravans/temporary/mobile homes/houseboats!!Shared between households<ref name=ons/>
|-
|Mortlake and Barnes Common|| 167 || 547 || 1,765 || 2,453 || 1 || 8
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''2011 Census households'''
!Ward !!Population !!Households !!% Owned outright !!% Owned with a loan!!hectares<ref name=ons/>
|-
|Mortlake and Barnes Common||10,919 || 4,771 || 27 || 32 || 185
|-

|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://barnes-history.org.uk/ Barnes and Mortlake History Society]
* [http://www.mbcg.org.uk/ Mortlake Brewery Community Group]
* [http://www.mortlakecommunityassociation.org.uk/ Mortlake Community Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421130704/http://mortlake-online.co.uk/ MortlakeOnline]
* [http://www.stmarymags.org.uk/ St Mary Magdalen's Church]
* [http://stmarymortlake.org.uk/ St Mary the Virgin, Mortlake]

{{LB Richmond}}
{{Areas of London}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Mortlake, London]]
[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Districts of London on the River Thames]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]