Editing Mook en Middelaar

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->
| name                    = Mook en Middelaar
| native_name             = {{native name|li|Mook en Middelar|icon=no}}
| settlement_type         = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Mookatmeuse-1.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Mook town centre across the [[Meuse (river)|Meuse]]
| image_flag              = Mook en Middelaar vlag.svg
| flag_size               = 100x67px
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Mook en Middelaar wapen 1990.svg
| shield_size             = 100x80px
| shield_alt              = 
<!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map               = Map - NL - Municipality code 0944 (2009).svg
| map_alt                 = Highlighted position of Mook en Middelaar in a municipal map of Limburg
| map_caption             = Location in Limburg
| pushpin_map             = Netherlands
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| pushpin_label_position  = Location of Mook en Middelaar
| coordinates             = {{coord|51|45|N|5|53|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]]
| government_footnotes    = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.mookenmiddelaar.nl/internet/college-van-burgemeester-en-wethouders_41123/
 |title       = College van burgemeester en wethouders
 |trans-title = Board of mayor and aldermen
 |language    = nl
 |publisher   = Gemeente Mook en Middelaar
 |access-date  = 11 November 2013
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131111165702/http://www.mookenmiddelaar.nl/internet/college-van-burgemeester-en-wethouders_41123/
 |archive-date = 11 November 2013
}}</ref>
| governing_body          = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_party            = [[People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy |VVD]]
| leader_title            = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[Inge van Dijk]]
<!-- Geographic information -->
| unit_pref               = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2          = {{Dutch municipality total area|Mook en Middelaar}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Dutch municipality land area|Mook en Middelaar}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Dutch municipality water area|Mook en Middelaar}}
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web 
 |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |title = Postcodetool for 6585AP
 |language = nl
 |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> 
 |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis
 |access-date = 11 November 2013}}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 12
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m         =
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m         =
<!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total        = {{Dutch municipality population|Mook en Middelaar}}
| population_as_of        = {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}
| population_density_km2  = {{Dutch municipality population density|Mook en Middelaar}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code             = 6584–6587
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code               = 024
| website                 = {{URL|1=http://mookenmiddelaar.nl}}
| footnotes               =
}}
[[File:Gem-MookenMiddelaar-OpenTopo.jpg|275px|thumb|''Dutch Topographic map of Mook en Middelaar, June 2015'']]
'''Mook en Middelaar''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈmoːk ɛ(m) ˈmɪdəlaːr|lang|150 Mook en Middelaar.ogg}}; {{langx|li|Mook en Middelar}}) is a [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] in the upper southeastern part of the [[Netherlands]], at the northern tip of the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] and is a part of [[Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen]]. The municipality is located about 100&nbsp;km from provincial capital [[Maastricht]] and has an area of {{convert|{{Dutch municipality total area|Mook en Middelaar}}|km2|abbr=on}} of which {{convert|{{Dutch municipality water area|Mook en Middelaar}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water.

== Population centres ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=12em|
* [[Middelaar]]
* [[Molenhoek]]
* Mook
* [[Plasmolen]]
}}

==History==
The municipality is situated in wooded rolling [[moraine]] landscape, created during the [[Last Glacial Period|last ice age]], about 160,000 years ago.

In Plasmolen the remains of a Roman villa from the 2nd century AD were found and on the banks of the [[Meuse (river)|Meuse]] are the remains of a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] bridge. These remains are from the 4th century.

The Mookerheide ("Mook Heath"), situated on the border of Mook, saw the [[Battle of Mookerheyde]] in 1574 which was fought as part of the [[Eighty Years War]]. Spanish forces under [[Sancho d'Avila]] defeated the rebel forces of [[Louis of Nassau]], who was killed.

The ''Mookerschans'' and ''Heumense schans'' were defenses on the ''Mookerheide'' probably from the 17th century.
(At that time the Mookerheide area extended all the way to the citywalls of [[Nijmegen]])
The historical ''Mookerheideschans'' (defense work) has been restored and offers a beautiful view over the Meuse valley.

Middelaar belonged to Overkwartier (Upper Quarter) of [[Guelders]] or [[Upper Guelders]]. During the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] Middelaar was occupied by [[Prussia]]n troops, and it remained German for about a century (until 1814).

In the [[Second World War]] a fierce battle raged around this area. In May 1940 the invaders were stopped by large bunkers 
on the Brabant-side of the Meuse, the railway bridge between Mook and Katwijk was blown up.
In September 1944 Mook, Plasmolen and Middelaar were in the front area and the war caused much devastation. While under fire of German guns that were shooting from the woods near Groesbeek, allied soldiers had to secure the Heumen bridge over the Maas-Waal canal that was an important hub for [[operation Market Garden]]. Fierce fighting caused the front to move so the little village, of which most houses were shot in this period, was liberated to fall back in German hands, to be liberated again.
Soldiers killed in this vicinity during World War II found their final resting place in [[Mook War Cemetery]]
Most inhabitants of Mook and Middelaar sought refuge elsewhere until the liberation.

To support the cement industry, sand was dug out in the fields next to the river Maas (known as 'Cuyksesteeg') which consequently lead to the forming of the Mookerplassen recreational lakes, between Middelaar and the Mookerheide. After a couple of floodings in the 80s and 90s a removable lock was built to save the area from flooding again.

==Public transport==
Mook and the municipality is served by three bus lines and has its own train station, [[Mook-Molenhoek railway station]].

==Notable residents==
* [[Karel Martens]] (born 1939) a Dutch freelance graphic designer, specialises in [[typography]]
* [[Serge Daan]] (1940–2018) a Dutch scientist, contributed to the field of [[chronobiology]]
* [[Arjen Teeuwissen]] (born 1971), equestrian, team silver medallist at the [[2000 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Marko Koers]] (born 1972) a retired middle distance runner, competed at three consecutive Summer Olympics from 1992

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed>
Image:Mook, voormalig stadhuis foto3 2010-06-21 11.59.JPG|Mook, former town hall
Image:Mook, de Sint-Antoniuskerk RM30073 IMG 8394 2021-02-22 13.54.jpg|Mook, church
Image:Mookerplas, panorama2 foto2 2010-06-21 12.22.JPG|Mookerplas
Image:Middelaar Rijksmonument 30071 Lambertuskerk.JPG|Middelaar, church
File:Molenhoek-stationsstraat-08200009.jpg|Molenhoek-stationsstraat
Image:Mookerheide, view towards Cuijk, Mook, the Netherlands.jpg|Mookerheide near Mook
File:Molenhoek (Mook en Middelaar, Limburg, NL) church.JPG|Molenhoek church, Mook en Middelaar
File:Mookerheide.jpg|Mookerheide
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.mookenmiddelaar.nl Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Mook en Middelaar
|Northeast = [[Berg en Dal (municipality)|Berg en Dal]]{{space}}([[Gelderland|GE]])
|Southeast = [[Gennep]]
|Southwest = ''[[Meuse]]''<br/>[[Land van Cuijk]]{{space}}([[North Brabant|NB]])
|Northwest = [[Heumen]]{{space}}([[Gelderland|GE]])
}}
{{Limburg Province (Netherlands)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mook en Middelaar| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands)]]