Editing Monterrey

{{Redirect|San Luis Rey de Francia|the mission in California|Mission San Luis Rey de Francia}}
{{about|the Mexican city|the city in California|Monterey, California|other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Monterrey
| official_name      = 
| native_name        = 
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Mexico|City]]
| nicknames          = Sultan of the North, City of the Mountains, Mexican Industrial Capital
| motto              = Work Tempers the Spirit
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
 |border             = infobox
 |total_width        = 280
 |perrow             = 1/2/2/1
 |caption_align      = center
 |image1             = Skyline de Monterrey (cropped).jpg
 |caption1           = Skyline of Monterrey and [[San Pedro Garza García]]
 |image2             = Puente Atirantado.jpg
 |caption2           = [[Puente de la Unidad|Unity Bridge]]
 |image3             = Monterrey_-_Catedral_de_la_Inmaculada_Concepción_-_3.jpg
 |caption3           = [[Monterrey Cathedral]]
 |image4             = Museo_Regional_del_Obispado.jpg
 |caption4           = [[Mirador del Obispado|Bishopric's lookout]]
 |image5             = Nuevo Palacio de Gobierno.jpg
 |caption5           = [[Palacio de Gobierno (Nuevo León)|Government Palace of Nuevo León]]
 |image6             = Cerro de la Silla (cropped).jpg
 |caption6           = [[Cerro de la Silla]]
 |color              = white
 |footer             = 
 }}
| image_flag         = Bandera de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.svg
| image_seal         = Escudo de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.svg
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 150pxpur
| map_caption        = Location of Monterrey within Mexico
| pushpin_map        = Mexico Nuevo León#Mexico#North America
| pushpin_mapsize    = 275
| pushpin_label      = Monterrey
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Mexico}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States of Mexico|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Nuevo León}}
| subdivision_type2  = [[Municipalities of Nuevo León|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Monterrey Municipality|Monterrey]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = [[Municipal president of Monterrey|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Adrián de la Garza Santos]] [[File:PRI logo (Mexico).svg|link=Institutional Revolutionary Party|20px]]
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| leader_title2      = 
| leader_name2       = 
| leader_title3      = 
| leader_name3       = 
| founder            = [[Diego de Montemayor]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = September 20, 1596
| established_title2 = Founded as
| established_date2  = {{lang|es|Ciudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Señora de Monterrey}} (English translation: Metropolitan city of Our Lady of Monterrey)
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3  = 
| named_for          = [[Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey]]
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 324.8
| area_total_sq_mi   = 125.4
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 958<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=World Urban Areas |publisher=Demographia |year=2018 |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013155105/http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |archive-date=October 13, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 370
| area_metro_km2     = 7657.5
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 2956.6
| population_as_of   = 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/delimitacion-de-las-zonas-metropolitanas-de-mexico-2015 |title=Delimitación de las zonas metropolitanas de México 2015 |publisher=Consejo Nacional de Población |website=gob.mx |language=es |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104170244/https://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/delimitacion-de-las-zonas-metropolitanas-de-mexico-2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_demonym = Regiomontano(a) <br /> Regio(a)
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 1,142,952
| population_density_km2 = 3415
| population_density_sq_mi = 8845
| population_urban   = 5324281<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flores |first=Lourdes |date=February 24, 2021 |title=Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey es la segunda más poblada de México: Inegi |trans-title=Monterrey Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in Mexico: Inegi |url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/estados/Zona-Metropolitana-de-Monterrey-es-la-segunda-mas-poblada-de-Mexico-Inegi-20210224-0112.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225234635/https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/estados/Zona-Metropolitana-de-Monterrey-es-la-segunda-mas-poblada-de-Mexico-Inegi-20210224-0112.html |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |access-date=May 18, 2021 |work=[[El Economista (Mexico)|El Economista]] |lang=es }}</ref>
| population_density_urban_km2 = 4500
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 11600
| population_metro   = 5,341,177
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1  = 
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = [[List of North American cities by population|23rd]] in North America<br />[[List of cities in Mexico|9th]] in Mexico
| demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = 2023
| demographics1_title2 = Total (Metro)
| demographics1_info2 = $190.3&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web |url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_mex.pdf |publisher=Tellusant |title=TelluBase—Mexico Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series) |access-date=January 11, 2024 |archive-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113154659/https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_mex.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Per capita
| demographics1_info3 = $37,200
| timezone           = [[Central Standard Time|CST]]<ref name="geo-gobnl" /><ref name="cambio-horario-2023">{{cite web |title=Hola, horario de invierno 2023: ¿Cuándo se cambia la hora y en qué estados? |url=https://politica.expansion.mx/sociedad/2023/10/23/cambio-de-horario-2023-estados |website=ADNPolítico |language=es |date=September 25, 2023 |access-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109165415/https://politica.expansion.mx/sociedad/2023/10/23/cambio-de-horario-2023-estados |url-status=live }}</ref>
| utc_offset         = −6
| coordinates        = {{Wikidatacoord|Q81033|region:MX_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 540
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 64000 (Center)
| website            = {{in lang|es}} {{URL|http://www.monterrey.gob.mx}}
| footnotes          = The words {{lang|es|Ciudad de Monterrey}} shown on the flag and seal translate to "City of Monterrey" in English.
}}
'''Monterrey''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɒ|n|t|ə|ˈ|r|eɪ|audio=En-us-monterey.ogg}} {{respell|MON|tə|RAY}}, {{IPA|es|monteˈrej|lang|Es-Monterrey.oga}})<ref name="LPD">{{citation |last=Wells |first=John C. |year=2008 |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Longman |isbn=9781405881180 }}</ref> is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of [[Nuevo León]]. It is the ninth-largest city and the second largest metropolitan area, after [[Greater Mexico City]].<ref name="geo-gobnl">{{cite web |title=Ubicación Geográfica |publisher=Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León |url=http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=ubicacion_geografica |access-date=June 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417031720/http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=ubicacion_geografica |archive-date=April 17, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Located at the foothills of the [[Sierra Madre Oriental]], Monterrey is a major business and industrial hub in North America.

The city anchors the [[Monterrey metropolitan area]], the second-largest in Mexico with an estimated population of 5,341,171 people as of 2020 and it is also the second-most productive metropolitan area in Mexico with a GDP ([[purchasing power parity|PPP]]) of US$140 billion in 2015. According to the 2020 census, Monterrey itself has a population of 1,142,194.<ref name="mty-telediario">{{cite web |url=https://mty.telediario.mx/local/area-metropolitana-de-monterrey-la-segunda-mas-poblada-de-mexico |title=Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, la segunda más poblada de México |date=January 25, 2021 |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126183926/https://mty.telediario.mx/local/area-metropolitana-de-monterrey-la-segunda-mas-poblada-de-mexico |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=2015GDP />

Monterrey is considered one of the most livable cities in Mexico, and a 2018 study ranked the suburb of San Pedro Garza García as the city with the best quality of life in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fortuneenespanol.com/lifestyle/ciudades-mexico-calidad-vida |title=Las 10 ciudades de México con mejor calidad de vida |work=Revista Fortune |date=August 22, 2018 |access-date=August 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930154420/https://www.fortuneenespanol.com/lifestyle/ciudades-mexico-calidad-vida/ |archive-date=September 30, 2019 }}</ref> It serves as a commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations. Its [[purchasing power parity]]-adjusted GDP per capita is considerably higher than the rest of Mexico's at around US$35,500, compared to the country's US$18,800.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |title=Global MetroMonitor &#124; Brookings Institution |access-date=November 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605135349/http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor-3 |archive-date=June 5, 2013 }}</ref> It is considered a [[Global city|Beta World City]],<ref name="The World According to GaWC 2010">{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2010 |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |publisher=[[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] |access-date=August 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202041320/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |archive-date=February 2, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010.html |title=GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2010 |access-date=July 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924125643/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010.html |archive-date=September 24, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> cosmopolitan and competitive.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 2012 |title=Hot spots - Benchmarking global city competitiveness |url=http://www.managementthinking.eiu.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516135416/http://www.managementthinking.eiu.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2012 |access-date=May 9, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] }}</ref> Rich in history and culture, it is one of the most developed cities in Mexico.<ref name="Contreras2009">{{cite book |author=Joseph Contreras |title=In the Shadow of the Giant: The Americanization of Modern Mexico |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900813544822 |url-access=registration |access-date=August 13, 2012 |date=March 16, 2009 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-4482-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900813544822/page/276 276] }}</ref>

The uninterrupted settlement of Monterrey began with its founding by Diego de Montemayor in 1596. Following the [[Mexican War of Independence]], the city grew into a key business hub. The city experienced great industrial growth following the establishment of the [[Monterrey Foundry]] in 1900. It holds prominent positions in industries such as steel, cement, glass, auto parts, and brewing. The city's economic success has been partly attributed to its proximity to the [[United States-Mexico border]] and strong economic ties with the United States.<ref name=buyusa/><ref>{{cite web |last=Day |first=Paul |url=http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/bzm/bzmmonterreyreport.html |title=Monterrey: In Mexico, the North Star shines : Mexico Business |publisher=Mexconnect.com |date=July 1, 2000 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219050008/http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/bzm/bzmmonterreyreport.html |archive-date=February 19, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Etymology==
The city is named after [[Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey]], who was viceroy of New Spain from 1595 to 1603. His family originated in [[Monterrei]], Galicia, Spain.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

==History==
{{see also|History of Monterrey|Timeline of Monterrey, Mexico|History of Nuevo León}}

===Prehispanic history===
Before the European foundation of the city, there was no established nation-state, and the population consisted of some indigenous [[nomad]] groups. [[Carved stone]] and [[cave painting]] in surrounding mountains and caves have allowed historians to identify four major groups in present-day Monterrey: ''Azalapas'', ''Huachichiles'', ''[[Coahuiltecan people|Coahuiltecos]]'' and ''Borrados''.<ref name="elocal-hist">{{cite web |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/nuevoleon/hist.htm |title=Historia – Nuevo León |publisher=e-local.gob.mx |access-date=July 2, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816015515/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/nuevoleon/hist.htm |archive-date=August 16, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Foundation===
[[File:Plano de la ciudad de Monterrey, 1791.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Monterrey 1791]]

In the 16th century, the valley in which Monterrey sits was known as the [[Extremadura Valley]], an area largely unexplored by the Spanish colonizers. The first expeditions and colonization attempts were led by conquistador [[Alberto del Canto]], who named the city '''Santa Lucia''', but they were unsuccessful because the Spanish were attacked by the natives and fled. The Spanish expeditionary [[Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva]] negotiated with [[Philip II of Spain|King Philip II]] of Spain to establish a territory in northern [[New Spain]] that would be called [[Nuevo León]], the "[[New Kingdom of León]]". In 1580, he arrived in the newly granted lands but it was not until 1582 that he established a settlement called '''San Luis Rey de Francia''' (named for [[Louis IX|Saint Louis IX of France]]) within present-day Monterrey. The New Kingdom of León extended westward from the port of [[Tampico]] to the limits of [[Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain|Nueva Vizcaya]] ("New Biscay", now State of [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]), and around 1,000&nbsp;kilometers northward. For eight years Nuevo León was abandoned and uninhabited, until a third expedition of 13 families led by conquistador [[Diego de Montemayor]] founded the ''Ciudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Señora de Monterrey'' ("Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey") on September 20, 1596, next to a water spring called ''Ojos de Agua de Santa Lucia'', where the Museum of Mexican History and [[Santa Lucía riverwalk]] are now.

During the years of Spanish rule, Monterrey remained a small city, and its population varied from a few hundred to only dozens. The city facilitated trade between [[San Antonio]] (now in Texas), [[Tampico]] and from [[Saltillo]] to the center of the country. Tampico's port brought many products from Europe, while Saltillo concentrated the Northern Territories' trade with the capital, [[Mexico City]]. San Antonio was the key trade point with the northern foreign colonies (British and French).{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

===After Mexican Independence (19th century)===
[[File:Monterrey to the west October 1846.jpg|thumb|Monterrey in 1846]]
In the 19th century, after the [[Mexican Independence War]], Monterrey rose as a key economic center for the newly formed nation, especially due to its balanced ties between Europe (with its connections to Tampico), the United States (with its connections to San Antonio), and the capital (through Saltillo). In 1824, the "New Kingdom of León" became the State of [[Nuevo León]], and Monterrey was selected as its capital. But the political instability that followed the first 50 years of the new country allowed two American invasions and an internal secession war, during which the governor of the state annexed [[Coahuila]] and [[Tamaulipas]] states, designating Monterrey as the capital of the [[Republic of the Sierra Madre]] as it did before in 1840 for the [[Republic of the Rio Grande]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 1846, the earliest large-scale engagement of the [[Mexican–American War]] took place in the city, known as the [[Battle of Monterrey]]. Mexican forces were forced to surrender but only after successfully repelling U.S. forces' first few advances on the city. The battle inflicted high casualties on both sides, much of them resulting from hand-to-hand combat within the walls of the city center. Many of the generals in the [[Second French intervention in Mexico|Mexican War against France]] were natives of the city, including [[Mariano Escobedo]], [[Juan Zuazua]] (b. Lampazos de Naranjo, NL) and [[Jerónimo Treviño]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

The brewery [[Cervecería Cuauhtémoc]], one of the milestone local enterprises, was founded in 1890.

===20th century===
[[File:Monterrey entre el Obispado y el Cerro de la Silla 1904.jpg|thumb|View of Monterrey and Cerro de la Silla in 1904]]

During the last decade of the 19th century, Monterrey was linked by railroad, which benefitted industry. It was during this period that [[José Eleuterio González]] founded the [[University Hospital]], now one of northeast Mexico's best public hospitals, affiliated with the School of Medicine of the [[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León|Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL)]]. Antonio Basagoiti and other citizens founded the ''Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey''.<ref name="Fundidora_de_Fierro_y_Acero_de_Monterrey">{{Cite web |url=https://www.parquefundidora.org/?id_cont=5&plantilla=01a.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020165539/http://www.parquefundidora.org/index.php?plantilla=01a.php&id_cont=5 |url-status=dead |title=Parque Fundidora |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |website=www.parquefundidora.org }}</ref>

A steel-producing company that accelerated the already fast industrialization of the city was founded in 1900 and became one of the world's biggest. In 1986, Monterrey hosted several games of the [[1986 FIFA World Cup]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

Monterrey experienced a host of strikes against poor working conditions and the creation of unions during this period. The working class of Monterrey were subject to long hours, little pay, and dangerous working conditions, as were most other urban areas on the cusp of the Industrial Revolution. This led to several strikes and unionization. What makes Monterrey unique was the culture of solidarity shared by the working class. This culture of solidarity meant that workers from different companies would support one another in strikes and unionization. Regardless of how an individual company treated their employees, some would go on strike in support of others. This created tension between the employers and the employees to the point of violence and government intervention through the Mexican Revolution and into the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Michael |title=Deference and defiance in Monterrey: workers, paternalism, and revolution in Mexico, 1890-1950 |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-81189-7 |series=Cambridge Latin American studies |location=Cambridge}}</ref>

In 1988, [[Hurricane Gilbert]] caused great damage to the city; the previously dry [[Santa Catarina River (Mexico)|Santa Catarina River]] overflowed, causing over 100 deaths and economic damage.<ref name="Hurricane’s Remnants Head Northeast; Flooding Ebbs in Mexico">{{cite news |title=Hurricane's Remnants Head Northeast; Flooding Ebbs in Mexico |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-20-mn-2327-story.html |access-date=November 8, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=September 20, 1988 |archive-date=November 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108112930/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-20-mn-2327-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===21st century===
The city has hosted international events such as the 2002 [[United Nations|United Nations Conference on Financing for Development]] with the participation of more than 50 heads of state and government, as well as other ministers and senior delegates from over 150 countries. The conference resulted in the adoption of the [[Monterrey Consensus]], which has become a reference point for international development and cooperation. In 2004, the [[Organization of American States|OAS]] [[Monterrey Special Summit of the Americas|Special Summit of the Americas]] was attended by almost all the presidents of the Americas.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 2007, Monterrey held the [[2007 Universal Forum of Cultures|Universal Forum of Cultures]], with four million visitors. In 2008, Monterrey held the FINA World Junior Championships.{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}}

In 2010, Monterrey was hit by another damaging storm, [[Hurricane Alex (2010)|Hurricane Alex]] which was considered worse than [[Hurricane Gilbert]], with record-breaking rain bringing floods and causing severe economic damage. Damage estimates totaled US$1.885 billion and $16.9 billion MXN. Reconstruction and urban renewal ensued. Recently, the [[Nuevo León Development Plan 2030]] was presented, along with some other metropolitan projects.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}

In August 2011 the city was the scene of a [[2011 Monterrey casino attack|terror attack on a casino]], in which more than 50 people were killed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/08/26/mexico.attack/index.html |title=52 killed in attack at Mexican casino |work=CNN |access-date=January 18, 2018 |language=en |archive-date=January 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119001158/http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/08/26/mexico.attack/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In summer 2022, the area experienced a severe drought, and city water service was cut off for several weeks to some areas, and in others limited to six hours a day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/16/1111868458/a-water-crisis-restricts-usage-to-6-hours-a-day-in-one-of-mexicos-largest-cities |title=A water crisis restricts usage to 6 hours a day in one of Mexico's largest cities |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=October 3, 2022 |archive-date=October 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003074931/https://www.npr.org/2022/07/16/1111868458/a-water-crisis-restricts-usage-to-6-hours-a-day-in-one-of-mexicos-largest-cities |url-status=live }}</ref> The city has three reservoirs. [[Cerro Prieto Reservoir]] dropped to 1% of its capacity and [[La Boca Reservoir]] dropped to 8%.<ref name=Gould /> [[El Cuchillo Reservoir]] remained at 30%, but limited aqueduct capacity led the government to announce in September 2022 a second aqueduct to connect it to Monterrey, with expected completion in July 2023.<ref name=Gould>{{cite web |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2368252-mexico-builds-aqueduct-for-dry-industrial-hub?backToResults=true |title=Mexico builds aqueduct for dry industrial hub |date=September 6, 2022 |author=Jens Gould |access-date=October 3, 2022 |archive-date=October 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003074925/https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2368252-mexico-builds-aqueduct-for-dry-industrial-hub?backToResults=true |url-status=live }}</ref> Heavy rains replenished reservoirs in early September.<ref name=Gould /> Controversy erupted over local bottling companies continuing to use well water to export beer and soft drinks during the crisis, though industry uses only 4% of water in Nuevo León, while residents use 25% and agriculture uses 71%.<ref name=Gould /> In late September, the governor of Nuevo León declared the crisis over, but asked residents to voluntarily use no more than 100 liters per day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/we-no-longer-have-a-water-crisis-nuevo-leon/ |title=Nuevo Leon governor says state's drought emergency is over |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=September 26, 2022 |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228174030/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/we-no-longer-have-a-water-crisis-nuevo-leon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{further|Water scarcity in Mexico}}

==Geography==
[[File:MTY4.jpg|thumb|Monterrey seen from a [[Cerro de la Silla]] antenna. The mountain to the left in the background is [[Cerro de las Mitras]]; that on the right is [[Cerro del Topo Chico]].]]
[[File:Mount Silla and Monterrey MX.jpg|thumb|City of Monterrey from the [[International Space Station|ISS]], 2017]]

The city of Monterrey is {{convert|540|m|ft|-1}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] in the northeastern state of [[Nuevo León]].<ref name="NLgeo">{{Cite web |title=Peaks and bodies of water |url=http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=nl_orografia_hidrografia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140327165002/http://nl.gob.mx/?P=nl_orografia_hidrografia |archive-date=March 27, 2014 |access-date=May 15, 2013 |publisher=Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León, México }}</ref> Monterrey translated literally from Spanish to English is "King Mount" or "King Mountain", and [[folk etymology]] claims that this refers to the city's topography and the large mountains that surround it (actually, the city was named after the wife of [[Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey]]). The Santa Catarina River—dry most of the year on the surface but with flowing underground water—bisects Monterrey from east to west, separating the city into north and south halves, and drains the city to the [[San Juan River (Tamaulipas)|San Juan River]] and [[Rio Grande]].

Monterrey is adjacent to [[San Nicolás de los Garza]], [[García, Nuevo León|García]] and [[General Escobedo]] to the north; [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]], [[Juárez, Nuevo León|Juárez]] and [[Cadereyta Jiménez]] to the east; [[Santiago, Nuevo León|Santiago]] to the south; and [[San Pedro Garza García]] and [[Santa Catarina, Nuevo León|Santa Catarina]] to the west. Their combined metropolitan population is over 4,080,329 people.<ref name="INEGI-CEM-geo">{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/cem06/info/nln/m039/c19039_01.xls |title=Sistema para la Consulta del CEM Monterrey, Nuevo León, Edición 2006 – Aspectos Geográficos (spanish) |publisher=INEGI |year=2006 |access-date=July 1, 2009 |format=[[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019140325/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/cem06/info/nln/m039/c19039_01.xls |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Monterrey lies north of the foothills of the [[Sierra Madre Oriental]] [[mountain range]]. A small hill, the [[Cerro del Topo Chico|Cerro del Topo]], and the smaller [[Cerro del Topo Chico|Topo Chico]] are in the suburbs of San Nicolás de los Garza and Escobedo. West of the city rises the [[Cerro de las Mitras]] (Mountain of the Mitres), which resemble the profile of several bishops with their [[mitre]]s.

[[Cerro de la Silla]] (Saddle Mountain) dominates the view at the east of the city and is considered a major symbol of the city. [[Cerro de la Loma Larga]]—South of the Santa Catarina river—separates Monterrey from the suburb of San Pedro Garza García. At the summit of the [[Cerro del Obispado]], north of the river, is the historic [[Cerro del Obispado|Bishopric Palace]], site of one of the most important battles of the [[Mexican–American War]].

===Natural areas===
[[File:Cerro_de_la_silla201308-1.JPG|thumb|[[Cerro de la Silla]]]]

The mountains surrounding Monterrey are home to many canyons, trails, and roads that cross deserts and forests, offering suitable trails for the general public. The [[Sierra Madre Oriental mountains]] to the south of the city are part of the Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, which is part of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program of Biosphere Reserves, a designation it received in 2006.<ref name="Biosphere">{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/mab/BRs/LacBRlist.shtml |title=Latin America & Caribbean |date=September 2, 2008 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization People, Biodiversity and Ecology |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108104914/http://www.unesco.org/mab/BRs/LacBRlist.shtml |archive-date=November 8, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Key locations within Cumbres de Monterrey includes:
* Parque Ecológico Chipinque, which features forested areas predominantly made up of oak and oak-pine trees.<ref name="Chipinque">{{Cite web |title=Chipinque Ecological Park website |url=http://www.chipinque.org.mx/webchipinque/ingles/portada/index3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516180504/http://www.chipinque.org.mx/webchipinque/ingles/portada/index3.htm |archive-date=May 16, 2006 |access-date=February 16, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Conservation">{{Cite web |url=https://imernar.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201073035/http://www.imernar.org/pdfs/jaguar%20pdf.pdf |url-status=usurped |title=ฝาก 20 รับ 50 ถอนไม่อั้น |archive-date=December 1, 2007 }}</ref><ref name="CumbresdeMonterrey">{{cite news |url=http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=117985 |title=Siguen en defensa de La Huasteca |newspaper=El Porvenir |access-date=April 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721000126/http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=117985 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="CumbresdeMonterrey2">{{cite news |url=http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=127001 |title=Realizarán protestas ciudadanas contra Valle de Reyes |newspaper=El Porvenir |access-date=April 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721000151/http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=127001 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref>
* La [[Estanzuela state park]], located about {{cvt|7|km|mi|0}} south of Monterrey, offering a river and forested area.<ref name="Estanzuela">{{cite web |url=http://www.naba.org/chapters/nabast/Estanzuela.html |title=La Estanzuela Parque Natural |publisher=Naba.org |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103192408/http://www.naba.org/chapters/nabast/Estanzuela.html |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[La Huasteca Climbing Area|La Huasteca]], to the west of the city, in the municipality of [[Santa Catarina, Nuevo León|Santa Catarina]].
* ''El [[Potrero Chico|Potrero Chico Climbing Area]]'', located northeast of the city, in the municipality of [[Hidalgo, Nuevo León|Hidalgo]].
<!--* [[Birding]] is also a popular activity around Monterrey.<ref name="Birding">[http://www.texasbirds.org/field_trips/mexico_032003_report.html Mexico Trip, 3/7/03 – 3/11/03, Monterrey / Saltillo area]. John Haas, Texas Ornithological Society. March 16, 2003. Retrieved December 18, 2006. {{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic }}</ref> -->
* [[Grutas de García|Garcia Caves]] – discovered in 1843 in Garcia, Nuevo León. These caves feature stunning stalagmite formations and snail fossils.<ref name=" Garcia Caves">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bestday.com/Monterrey/Attractions/ |title=Monterrey attractions |access-date=February 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224175109/http://www.bestday.com/Monterrey/Attractions/ |archive-date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Matacanes – in the municipality of Potrero Redondo in [[Santiago, Nuevo Leon]]. this is a 10 hour walking tour that includes rappel descents, underground rivers, waterfalls, and other natural obstacles.<ref name=" Matacanes">{{cite web |url=http://www.matacanes.net/matacanes.php?lang=eng&dest=2 |title=Matacanes – Adventure Travel – MEXICO & Canyoneering |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215121032/http://www.matacanes.net/matacanes.php?lang=eng&dest=2 |archive-date=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>
* Hydrophobia Canyon – similar to Matacanes, but a completely aquatic area.<ref name="Hydrophobia">{{cite web |url=http://www.matacanes.net/matacanes.php?lang=eng&dest=20 |title=Matacanes – Adventure Travel – MEXICO & Canyoneering |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215070850/http://www.matacanes.net/matacanes.php?lang=eng&dest=20 |archive-date=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>
* Cascade Cola de Caballo – a spectacular waterfall in Santiago Nuevo Leon, formed by water that runs down from the mountains of Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, It is surrounded by impressive rock formations and expansive forests.

===Climate===
[[File:Skymty.jpg|thumb|left|Intense cloud layer over Monterrey]]
Monterrey has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BSh''), not having enough precipitation for a [[humid subtropical climate]]. Being inland at a modest elevation, it is one of the warmest major cities in Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weather.com/ |title=National and Local Weather Forecast, Hurricane, Radar and Report |publisher=Weather.com |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509161400/http://www.weather.com/ |archive-date=May 9, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=049367&refer= |title=Monterrey, Nuevo León Travel Weather Averages |publisher=Weatherbase |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229121744/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=049367&refer= |archive-date=December 29, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The average high in August is {{cvt|36|°C|°F}} and the average low is {{cvt|24|°C|°F}}. The average January high is {{cvt|22|°C|°F}} and the average low in January is {{cvt|10|°C|°F}}. Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.

Monterrey frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it sometimes reaches {{cvt|30|°C|°F}} in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the temporary absence of the ''northern winds'' in winter, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September. In April and May 2011 temperatures reached {{cvt|45|°C|°F}} or higher, causing fires and extreme heat. Snow is a very rare event, although an accumulation of {{cvt|20|in|cm|-1|abbr=in|order=flip}} in 8&nbsp;hours occurred in January 1967.<ref name="Winkler">{{cite journal |last=Winkler |first=William |title=The Weather and Circulation of January 1967 |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=227–233 |url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/095/mwr-095-04-0227.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2013 |year=1967 |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1967)095<0227:ammwuh>2.3.co;2 |bibcode=1967MWRv...95..227W |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522204642/http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/095/mwr-095-04-0227.pdf |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> The most recent snowfall was in February 2021. Sleet and ice events occurred in January 2007, December 2009, January and February 2010, and February 2011,<ref>{{YouTube|23qSWFb-aE4|Monterrey Nevada Febrero 2011 }}</ref> caused by temperatures around {{cvt|-5|°C|°F}}.

From June 30 to July 2, 2010, Monterrey was hit by the worst natural disaster in the city's history when [[Hurricane Alex (2010)|Hurricane Alex]] delivered more than {{cvt|584|mm|in|0}} of rain in 72&nbsp;hours, with areas reaching up to {{cvt|1|m|in|0}} of rain during that same period, destroying homes, avenues, highways and infrastructure, and leaving up to 200,000 families without water for a week or more. The amount of water that fell was equivalent to the average precipitation for a year. This was about 3–4 times as much rain as [[Hurricane Gilbert]] produced in the city on September 15, 1988. The death toll of Hurricane Alex was estimated to be around 20.
{{Weather box
|location = Monterrey (1991-2020), extremes (1929-present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 38.0
|Feb record high C = 39.5
|Mar record high C = 43.0
|Apr record high C = 48.0
|May record high C = 46.0
|Jun record high C = 45.0
|Jul record high C = 41.5
|Aug record high C = 42.5
|Sep record high C = 41.0
|Oct record high C = 39.0
|Nov record high C = 39.0
|Dec record high C = 39.0
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 22.4
|Feb high C = 23.9
|Mar high C = 27.7
|Apr high C = 31.2
|May high C = 33.5
|Jun high C = 35.7
|Jul high C = 35.6
|Aug high C = 36.1
|Sep high C = 32.6
|Oct high C = 29.0
|Nov high C = 24.5
|Dec high C = 21.8
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 15.2
|Feb mean C = 17.8
|Mar mean C = 20.9
|Apr mean C = 24.2
|May mean C = 26.5
|Jun mean C = 28.6
|Jul mean C = 28.8
|Aug mean C = 28.9
|Sep mean C = 26.1
|Oct mean C = 23.1
|Nov mean C = 18.9
|Dec mean C = 15.6
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 10.0
|Feb low C = 12.0
|Mar low C = 15.1
|Apr low C = 18.3
|May low C = 21.3
|Jun low C = 23.1
|Jul low C = 23.2
|Aug low C = 23.5
|Sep low C = 21.8
|Oct low C = 18.6
|Nov low C = 13.9
|Dec low C = 10.5
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -7.0
|Feb record low C = -7.0
|Mar record low C = -1.0
|Apr record low C = 4.2
|May record low C = 8.0
|Jun record low C = 11.5
|Jul record low C = 11.0
|Aug record low C = 12.2
|Sep record low C = 10.0
|Oct record low C = 1.0
|Nov record low C = -5.0
|Dec record low C = -7.5
<!--Precipitation (rain, snow & hail)-->
|precipitation colour = green <!--To prevent blending of colours-->
|Jan precipitation mm = 21.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 27.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 29.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 33.6
|May precipitation mm = 53.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 62.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 59.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 72.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 199.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 64.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 30.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 22.5
|year precipitation mm = 666.6
<!--Precipitation days-->
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 4.4
|Feb precipitation days = 4.0
|Mar precipitation days = 4.4
|Apr precipitation days = 4.5
|May precipitation days = 7.0
|Jun precipitation days = 5.5
|Jul precipitation days = 4.2
|Aug precipitation days = 5.5
|Sep precipitation days = 9.1
|Oct precipitation days = 5.9
|Nov precipitation days = 4.8
|Dec precipitation days = 3.7
|year precipitation days = 63.0
<!--Humidity-->
|Jan humidity = 67.5
|Feb humidity = 65.7
|Mar humidity = 63.3
|Apr humidity = 63.1
|May humidity = 67.1
|Jun humidity = 65.4
|Jul humidity = 64.2
|Aug humidity = 63.7
|Sep humidity = 71.3
|Oct humidity = 71.6
|Nov humidity = 71.0
|Dec humidity = 69.0
|year humidity = 
<!--Mean Monthly Sunshine hours-->
|Jan sun = 160.3
|Feb sun = 161.8
|Mar sun = 181.3
|Apr sun = 187.6
|May sun = 206.5
|Jun sun = 222.8
|Jul sun = 237.9
|Aug sun = 258.8
|Sep sun = 184.4
|Oct sun = 179.0
|Nov sun = 156.3
|Dec sun = 139.3
|year sun = 2275.9
|source 1 = NOAA<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-4-WMO-Normals-9120/Mexico/CSV/Monterrey_76393.csv |title=Monterrey Climate Normals 1991-2020 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=August 19, 2023 |archive-date=August 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819181011/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-4-WMO-Normals-9120/Mexico/CSV/Monterrey_76393.csv |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source 2 = <ref name=SMNextremes>{{cite web |url=https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00019/00019049.TXT |title=Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation for Monterrey |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |language=es |access-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-date=October 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016161735/https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00019/00019049.TXT |url-status=live }}</ref> (Ogimet)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=76393&ano=2024&mes=1&day=17&hora=20&min=0&ndays=30 |title=76393: Monterrey, N.L. (Mexico) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=January 16, 2024 |website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date=January 18, 2024 |quote= }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
[[File:ISS-35_Night_image_of_Monterrey,_Mexico.jpg|thumb|[[Monterrey metropolitan area]] at night from [[ISS]]]]
According to the national [[INEGI]] population census of 2010, of the total population of the state of [[Nuevo León]], 87.3% lived in the Monterrey metropolitan area.<ref name="INEGI-CEM-pop">{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/cem06/info/nln/m039/c19039_03.xls |title=Sistema para la Consulta del CEM Monterrey, Nuevo León, Edición 2006 – Población (Spanish) |publisher=[[INEGI]] |access-date=July 1, 2009 |year=2006 |format=[[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019192111/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/cem06/info/nln/m039/c19039_03.xls |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Farnham, Thomas J 1863">1746, Farnham, Thomas J. Mexico: Its Geography, its people and its institutions. New York, 1846; Mexico: The Country, History and People. London, 1863.</ref><ref name="Durán, Rafael 1862">1862 a/ – Durán, Rafael. "Memorias sobre el censo de la República", en Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística. México, 1862.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">1900 a 1940 – Censos Generales de Población.</ref><ref name="INEGI 1995">1995 – INEGI. Conteo de Población y Vivienda, 1995.</ref>

The [[Monterrey metropolitan area]] is the [[List of metropolitan areas of Mexico|second most populous]] in Mexico, with more than 5 million inhabitants. It comprises the municipalities of Monterrey, [[Apodaca]], [[General Escobedo|Escobedo]], [[García, Nuevo León|García]], [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]], Santiago, [[Juárez, Nuevo León|Juárez]], [[San Nicolás de los Garza]], [[San Pedro Garza García]], [[Santa Catarina, Nuevo León|Santa Catarina]] and [[Salinas Victoria]].<ref name="INEGI-metro">{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/metodologias/otras/zonas_met.pdf |title=Delimitación de las zonas metropolitanas de México |access-date=April 17, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501065908/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/metodologias/otras/zonas_met.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2011 }}</ref>

===Education===
[[File:Panorama_ITESM.jpg|thumb|[[Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education]]]]
Monterrey has an estimated 3.7% [[Literacy|illiteracy]] rate. In 2005, of an estimated 983,359 inhabitants above 6 years of age, 36,689 were illiterate.<ref name="INEGI-CEM-edu">{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/cem06/info/nln/m039/c19039_06.xls |title=Sistema para la Consulta del CEM Monterrey, Nuevo León, Edición 2006 – Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spanish) |publisher=[[INEGI]] |access-date=July 2, 2009 |format=XLS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019135532/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/cem06/info/nln/m039/c19039_06.xls |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2005, the city had 72 public libraries, with 298,207 books available, serving an estimated 478,047 readers.<ref name="INEGI-CEM-edu" />

The [[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León]] (Autonomous University of Nuevo León, UANL) is the third-largest Mexican university and is ranked by the Reader's Digest-AC Nielsen Survey 2005 as the top public university in northeast Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uanl.mx/international/ingles |title=Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - Conoce la UANL |access-date=March 8, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904134526/http://www.uanl.mx/international/ingles |archive-date=September 4, 2009 }}</ref> Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria (University City), covers approximately {{convert|67630000|m2|acre|-3}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uanl.mx/acerca/ubicacion |title=Acerca de - Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - Acerca de |access-date=March 8, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426231752/http://www.uanl.mx/acerca/ubicacion |archive-date=April 26, 2009 }}</ref> The UANL system comprises 26 colleges (faculties), 22 graduate divisions, 29 high schools, 1 center of bilingual education and 3 technical high schools. Its medical school is considered one of the most advanced in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.medicina.uanl.mx/ |title=Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Facultad de Medicina |publisher=Medicina.uanl.mx |date=March 30, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327174159/http://www.medicina.uanl.mx/ |archive-date=March 27, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Monterrey is also the headquarters of the [[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey]] (Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cegs.itesm.mx/pi/teaching/life/education.html |title=Life in Monterrey – Education |publisher=cegs.itesm.mx |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040226035040/http://www.cegs.itesm.mx/pi/teaching/life/education.html |archive-date=February 26, 2004 }}</ref> which ranked No. 291 at the 2013 QS World University Rankings in Engineering and Information Technology, No. 201 in Social Sciences and No. 279 overall.<ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |title=QS World University Rankings 2013 |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/tecnologico-de-monterrey-itesm/wur |access-date=November 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626122019/http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/tecnologico-de-monterrey-itesm/wur |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It also holds a "QS Stars Rated for Excellence" of 5 stars.

The [[Universidad Regiomontana]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ur.mx/ |title=Bienvenidos al Portal de la Universidad Regiomontana |publisher=Ur.mx |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902025208/http://www.ur.mx/ |archive-date=September 2, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was founded in 1969 with the support of local leading multinational corporations such as Cemex,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cemex.com/ |title=CEMEX - Building a better future |access-date=August 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815043246/http://www.cemex.com/ |archive-date=August 15, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alfa,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alfa.com.mx |title=ALFA |website=www.alfa.com.mx |access-date=June 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702042948/http://www.alfa.com.mx/ |archive-date=July 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Femsa,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.femsa.com |title=FEMSA - |last=Contentful |website=www.femsa.com |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517061033/http://www.femsa.com/ |archive-date=May 17, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gamesa,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesa.com.mx |title=Gamesa México |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624183727/https://www.gamesa.com.mx/ |archive-date=June 24, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Protexa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.protexa.com.mx |title=Grupo Protexa |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321190647/https://www.protexa.com.mx/ |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and CYDSA.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cydsa.com |title=CYDSA |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629185610/https://www.cydsa.com/ |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a private educational institution offering university-preparatory school, undergraduate and graduate programs, having agreements with more than 350 universities across the globe (such as the recent expanded agreement<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.tamus.edu/2006/01/01/tamiu-expands-agreement-with-mexico-universidad-regiomontana/ |website=tamus.edu |access-date=June 23, 2017 |title=TAMIU expands agreement with Mexico's Universidad Regiomontana |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045527/http://news.tamus.edu/2006/01/01/tamiu-expands-agreement-with-mexico-universidad-regiomontana/ |archive-date=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> with Texas A&M International University).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tamiu.edu |title=Texas A&M International University |first=Rory |last=King |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713043259/https://www.tamiu.edu/ |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is member of GATE (Global Alliance for Transnational Education) and FIMPES (Federación de Instituciones Mexicanas Particulares de Educación Superior) and its administration holds an ISO 9001 Certification. The university is nationally recognized, so its degree equivalency is comparable to that of a regionally accredited university in the United States. The university is dedicated to educating students in an atmosphere of freedom and humanism, and providing students hands-on experience in their field of study. Its urban campus<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Campus Map |url=http://ww3.ur.mx/portals/0/2013/NewEventos/croquis_2013.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232224/http://ww3.ur.mx/portals/0/2013/NewEventos/croquis_2013.jpg |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |access-date=August 19, 2013 }}</ref> further stimulates the city's vibrant economy and attracts working professionals who complement and enrich the academic experience.

The [[Universidad de Monterrey]] was founded by the religious congregations of the Sisters of Immaculate Mary of Guadalupe, the nuns of the Sacred Heart and the Marist and La Salle brothers, all of them supported by an association of Catholic citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.udem.edu.mx/XStatic/udem/template/msdetallenota.aspx?ms=english&st=2064&sTema=History&ssTema=UDEM%20founders |title=UDEM – About UDEM |publisher=udem.edu.mx |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928034905/http://www.udem.edu.mx/XStatic/udem/template/msdetallenota.aspx?ms=english&st=2064&sTema=History&ssTema=UDEM%20founders |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Health===
[[File:CIDICS1.jpg|thumb|Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences building of the [[Autonomous University of Nuevo León]]]]

Monterrey generally has a very highly ranked medical infrastructure with some internationally acclaimed hospitals,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solutionsabroad.com/en/living/living-category/staying-healthy-in-mexico.html |title=Mexico Staying Healthy in Mexico |publisher=solutionsabroad.com |access-date=July 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025122403/http://www.solutionsabroad.com/en/living/living-category/staying-healthy-in-mexico.html |archive-date=October 25, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
including three with [[Joint Commission]] accreditation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.medicaltourismmag.com/issue-detail.php?item=69&issue=4 |title=All About Monterrey, Mexico |publisher=medicaltourismmag.com |access-date=July 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013115555/http://www.medicaltourismmag.com/issue-detail.php?item=69&issue=4 |archive-date=October 13, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Joint Commission is a private healthcare accreditation group. There are both public and private hospitals. The [[Mexican Social Security Institute|Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS)]] has two major regional hospitals in the city, the Specialties Regional Hospital # 33, the cardiac centre (Hospital #34), and the Gynecology and Obstetrics Regional Hospital, serving also the northeastern states of [[Coahuila]] and [[Tamaulipas]]. Several smaller IMSS hospitals can be found such as the Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital and the General Hospital # 25. State government owns the Metropolitan Hospital, located in the suburb of [[San Nicolás de los Garza]] and the Hospital of the Children and Mother Care in [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]] suburb.

The [[UANL|Autonomous University of Nuevo León]] runs the public University Hospital, with a high-level shock-trauma unit and a specialized clinic for child cancer treatment. It is recognized as the best public hospital in the northeast of Mexico and the UANL School of Medicine as one of the best in the country. On the other hand, the [[ITESM|Tecnológico de Monterrey]] runs the Hospital [[San José-Tec de Monterrey]] private hospital.

Monterrey has healthcare standards above the average for Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.medicaltourismmag.com/issue-detail.php?item=90&issue=4 |title=MONTERREY HEALTHCARE CITY ~ TALENT AND TECHNOLOGY TO TREAT YOU |publisher=medicaltourismmag.com |access-date=July 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013115151/http://www.medicaltourismmag.com/issue-detail.php?item=90&issue=4 |archive-date=October 13, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has several hospitals, including Hospital Cima (formerly Santa Engracia) of the International Hospital Corporation. Its convenient location, low prices and quality of medical care have made of Monterrey a very popular [[medical tourism]] destination for United States patients.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/mexico/stories/DN-hospitals_28int.ART0.State.Edition2.424104e.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506173732/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/mexico/stories/DN-hospitals_28int.ART0.State.Edition2.424104e.html |archive-date=May 6, 2008 |title=Good care, low prices lure patients to Mexico &#124; Dallas Morning News &#124; News for Dallas, Texas &#124; Mexico News |publisher=Dallasnews.com |date=July 28, 2007 |access-date=July 14, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/JCI-Spotlight-Stories-OCA-Hospital-Monterrey-Mexico/ |title=JCI Spotlight Stories: OCA Hospital, Monterrey, Mexico – Joint Commission International |publisher=jointcommissioninternational.org |access-date=July 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318031616/http://www.jointcommissioninternational.org/JCI-Spotlight-Stories-OCA-Hospital-Monterrey-Mexico/ |archive-date=March 18, 2009}}</ref>

==Governance==
{{Main article|Politics and government of Nuevo León}}
[[File:Palacio municipal monterrey.JPG|thumb|Palacio Municipal de Monterrey (Monterrey City Hall)]]
[[File:Palacio_de_Gobierno_de_monterrey.JPG|thumb|The Palace of Government of Nuevo León (Governor's Office)]]

Monterrey and its [[Monterrey metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] are municipalities governed by a democratically elected ''Presidente Municipal'' (Municipal President), or mayor, for a period of three years. The political environment is one of civility and in the last decade political parties have been alternating office. The current [[Municipal president of Monterrey|mayor of Monterrey]] is [[Adrián de la Garza Santos]].

The City Council of Monterrey (''Cabildo de Monterrey'') is an organ integrated by the mayor, the ''Regidores'' and the ''Síndicos''. The mayor is the executor of the determinations of the City Council and the person directly in charge of public municipal administration. The ''Regidores'' represent the community and collectively define city policies. The ''Síndicos'' are in charge of watching and legally defending city interests, as well as of monitoring the treasury and the municipal patrimony.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monterrey.gob.mx/cabildo/ |title=Republicano Ayuntamiento |publisher=Municipio de Monterrey |access-date=December 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125130657/http://www.monterrey.gob.mx/cabildo/ |archive-date=January 25, 2007 }}</ref>

The political parties with representation in the city are the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI]], the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party or PAN]], the [[Party of the Democratic Revolution|Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD]], the [[Labor Party (Mexico)|Labor Party or PT]], the [[PVEM|Green Party]], [[Citizens' Movement (Mexico)|Citizens' Movement]], [[Socialdemocratic Party]] and [[Nueva Alianza]].

===Public safety===
{{main article|Mexican Drug War}}
In 2005, Monterrey was ranked one of the safest cities in Mexico,<ref>''América Economía'' (Business Magazine), page 32, issue of May 2005</ref> and it was one of the two safest in 2006. However since 2008 the city has experienced violence related to turf battles between rival drug cartels. The year marked the most violent period in the city's history. Although drug dealers remain a major concern, military offensives and police captures of important drug-cartel leaders have weakened the cartels trying to establish themselves Despite these challenges. The city is considered safe for travel during both the day and at night.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7956782.stm |title=Monterrey attack suspect arrested |publisher=BBC News |access-date=July 1, 2009 |date=March 21, 2009 |first=Stephen |last=Gibbs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324133710/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7956782.stm |archive-date=March 24, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_353190.html |title=Drug cartel hitman arrested |work=Straits Times |location=Singapore |access-date=July 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327014722/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/World/Story/STIStory_353190.html |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://community2.myfoxaustin.com/_UPDATE-18-Horrible-News-From-Monterrey-Mexico-and-Beyond-Marijuana-Legalization-Solution/BLOG/211413/82263.html |title=UPDATE 18: Horrible News From Monterrey, Mexico and Beyond... Marijuana Legalization Solution? – Austin, TX, United States, myFOXaustin Blog post – myfoxaustin community blogs |publisher=community2.myfoxaustin.com |access-date=July 1, 2009}}{{dead link|date=April 2011 }}</ref> In 2019, cartels were still fighting for control of the city, potentially making Monterrey dangerous.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/mexican-cartel-poised-launch-offensive-control-monterrey |title=Mexican Cartel Poised to Launch an Offensive for Control of Monterrey |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013729/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/mexican-cartel-poised-launch-offensive-control-monterrey |url-status=live }}</ref>

Monterrey has two police departments: the Police of the City of Monterrey (locally known as the ''Policía Regia''),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.monterrey.gob.mx/secretarias/policia_regia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013122425/http://www.monterrey.gob.mx/secretarias/policia_regia/ |url-status=dead |title=monterrey.gob.mx |archive-date=October 13, 2006 |website=www.monterrey.gob.mx }}</ref> which is under the municipal government, and State Public Safety which oversees more remote areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=sec_seg_publica |title=Secretaría de Seguridad Pública |publisher=Nl.gob.mx |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140401115539/http://nl.gob.mx/?P=sec_seg_publica |archive-date=April 1, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ''Policía Regia'' is responsible for protecting the downtown and main areas of the city, while State Public Safety is focused on the outskirts. Following the [[2011 Monterrey casino attack|2011 attack on the Casino Royale]], security has been reinforced by military and federal police.<ref>{{cite news |last=Estrada |first=Javier |title=1,500 policías federales llegan a Monterrey para reforzar la seguridad |url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/08/28/1500-policias-federales-llegan-a-monterrey-para-reforzar-la-seguridad |access-date=March 16, 2012 |newspaper=CNNMéxico |date=August 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831085638/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/08/28/1500-policias-federales-llegan-a-monterrey-para-reforzar-la-seguridad |archive-date=August 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |language=es }}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==

=== Transportation ===
[[File:Tunel de la Loma Larga 02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loma Larga Tunnel]]]]
[[File:Estación General Anaya.jpg|thumb|right|[[Metrorrey]]'s [[General Anaya metro station (Monterrey)|General Anaya station]]]]

Monterrey is connected with the [[United States–Mexico border]], the sea and inland Mexico through different roads, including the [[Mexican Federal Highway 85|Carretera Nacional]] (also known as the [[Pan-American Highway]]) that runs from [[Nuevo Laredo]] to [[Mexico City]] and south, and the [[Mexican Federal Highway 40|Carretera Interoceánica]] connecting [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]] with the port of [[Mazatlán]] on the Pacific; it is also crossed by [[Mexican Federal Highway 40|highways 40]], [[Mexican Federal Highway 45|45]], and [[Mexican Federal Highway 57|57]]. The divided highway Monterrey-[[Saltillo]]-Matehuala-[[Mexico City]] is the main land corridor to interior Mexico.

There are several between-cities bus lines at the bus station downtown. There are arrivals and departures into deeper Mexico, to the U.S. border and into the United States. Monterrey is also connected by at least three important railroad freight lines: [[Nuevo Laredo]]-Mexico City, Monterrey-Tampico, and Monterrey-Pacific ([[Mazatlán]]).

The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Monterrey, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 85 min. 25% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 17 min, while 29.% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 9.5&nbsp;km, while 25% travel for over 12&nbsp;km in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monterrey Public Transportation Statistics |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_M%C3%A9xico_Monterrey-3081 |access-date=June 19, 2017 |archive-date=August 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824174930/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_M%C3%A9xico_Monterrey-3081 |url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=October 16, 2017 }}.</ref>

The city has a [[rapid transit system]] called [[Metrorrey]], which currently has 3 lines.<ref name="Monterrey_Metro_1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=t_tur_sertur_trans_metro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105044828/http://www.nl.gob.mx/?P=t_tur_sertur_trans_metro |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 5, 2005 |title=Transporte colectivo metro - Metrorrey |access-date=February 4, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Monterrey_Metro_2">{{cite web |url=http://www.urbanrail.net/am/mony/monterrey.htm |title=> Central America > Mexico > Monterrey Metro |publisher=UrbanRail.Net |access-date=July 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531033621/http://www.urbanrail.net/am/mony/monterrey.htm |archive-date=May 31, 2009 }}</ref> and a [[bus rapid transit|BRT]] called [[Ecovía]].

The city is served by two international airports: [[Monterrey International Airport]] (served by major international carriers and moving more than 6.5 million passengers in 2007)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oma.bz/EN/BoletinesDePrensa.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810011620/http://www.oma.bz/EN/BoletinesDePrensa.asp?idAeropuerto=mty |url-status=dead |title=Boletines de Prensa |date=February 21, 2014 |archive-date=August 10, 2009 }}</ref> and [[Del Norte International Airport]], a primarily private airport.

Monterrey is linked through frequent non-stop flights to many Mexican cities and to United States hubs ([[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago-O'Hare]], [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]], [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|Houston-Intercontinental]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|JFK/New York]], and [[Harry Reid International Airport|Las Vegas]]). Monterrey is the second most important city for the operating routes of [[Aeroméxico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nl.gob.mx/?Article=51786&ArtOrder=ReadArt&P=leerarticulo&Page=1 |title=Anuncian reactivación del vuelo Monterrey-Nueva York de Aeroméxico |publisher=Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León, México |year=2005 |quote=Cantú Valderrama añadió que con esto, fuera de la Ciudad de México y de los viajes charters a Cancún, Quintana Roo, Monterrey es el aeropuerto más importante en el interior de la República. |access-date=July 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304061717/http://www.nl.gob.mx/?Article=51786&ArtOrder=ReadArt&P=leerarticulo&Page=1 |archive-date=March 4, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Four airlines have their operational bases and headquarters in Monterrey, [[Volaris]], [[Aeroméxico Connect]], [[VivaAerobus]] and [[Magnicharters]]. Regarding ground transportation from Monterrey International Airport, taxi services link the airport with the city and charge around US$20 for a one-way ride to the city. From this airport, there is a bus shuttle to nearby Saltillo. Inter-city bus services run daily into the interior, as well as north to the US border and points beyond. A public transportation bus line operated by the [[Nuevo Leon]] State Government called the ''Ruta Express'' (Express Route) also operates from the airport to the [[Metrorrey Line 1]]'s [[Y Griega metro station]].<ref name=ampl>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nl.gob.mx/campanas/conoce-la-nueva-ruta-express-aeropuerto-y-griega |title=Conoce la nueva Ruta Express "Aeropuerto - Y Griega" &#124; Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León |website=www.nl.gob.mx |access-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928061032/https://www.nl.gob.mx/campanas/conoce-la-nueva-ruta-express-aeropuerto-y-griega |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Water ===
[[File:Cola_de_Caballo.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Cola de Caballo (horse's tail)]]

{{Excerpt|Urban water management in Monterrey, Mexico}}

==Economy==
{{See also|Category:Companies based in Monterrey}}
[[File:Torresobispadomty001.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Torres Obispado]], the [[List of tallest buildings in Latin America|tallest skyscraper in Latin America]]]]
Monterrey is a major industrial center in northern Mexico, with a GDP ([[purchasing power parity|PPP]]) of US$140 billion and a GDP (PPP) per capita of US$31,900 in 2015.<ref name=2015GDP>{{Cite web |last=Parilla |first=Jesus Leal Trujillo and Joseph |date=2016-09-29 |title=Redefining Global Cities |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/redefining-global-cities/ |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=Brookings |language=en-US |archive-date=October 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028052524/https://www.brookings.edu/research/redefining-global-cities/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The city was rated by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine in 1999 as the best city in Latin America for business and is currently ranked third best by the [[América Economía]] magazine.<ref name="buyusa">
{{cite web |url=http://www.buyusa.gov/mexico/en/business_monterrey.html |title=Business Opportunities in Monterrey – U.S. Commercial Service Mexico |publisher=buyusa.gov |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604210213/https://www.buyusa.gov/mexico/en/business_monterrey.html |archive-date=June 4, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city has prominent positions in sectors such as steel, cement, glass, auto parts, and brewing. The city's economic wealth has been attributed in part to its proximity to the United States-Mexico border and economic links to the United States.<ref name=buyusa/><ref>{{cite web |last=Day |first=Paul |url=http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/bzm/bzmmonterreyreport.html |title=Monterrey: In Mexico, the North Star shines : Mexico Business |publisher=Mexconnect.com |date=July 1, 2000 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219050008/http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/bzm/bzmmonterreyreport.html |archive-date=February 19, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Industrialization was accelerated in the mid-19th century by the ''Compañia Fundidora de Fierro y Acero Monterrey'', a steel-processing company.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5393/ |title=Fundidora Monterrey Blast Furnaces – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=whc.unesco.org |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228111318/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5393/ |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Today, Monterrey is home to transnational conglomerates such as [[Cemex]] (the world's third largest cement company),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cementamericas.com/mag/cement_rmc_takeover_transform/ |title=RMC takeover would transform Cemex into 20 million+ yd. U.S. ready mixed gigante |publisher=cementamericas.com |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121073800/http://cementamericas.com/mag/cement_rmc_takeover_transform/ |archive-date=November 21, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[FEMSA]] (Coca-Cola Latin America, largest independent Coca-Cola bottler in the world), [[ALFA (Mexico)|Alfa]] (petrochemicals, food, telecommunications and auto parts), [[Axtel]] (telecommunications), [[Vitro SA|Vitro]] (glass), [[Selther]] (leading mattress and rest systems firm in Latin America), [[Gruma]] (food), and [[Banorte]] (financial services). The [[FEMSA]] corporation owned a large brewery, the [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery]] (Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma) that produces the brands Sol, [[Tecate (beer)|Tecate]], Indio, [[Dos Equis]] and [[Carta Blanca]] among others, in the beginning of the year Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery was sold to Dutch-based company [[Heineken]]. By the end of the same year, there were more than 13,000 manufacturing companies, 55,000 retail stores, and more than 52,000 service firms in Monterrey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weldmex.com/952978.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506140926/http://www.weldmex.com/952978.html |archive-date=May 6, 2006 |title=Monterrey, Mexico |date=May 6, 2006 |access-date=November 17, 2012 }}</ref>

The metals sector, dominated by iron and steel, accounted for 6 percent of manufacturing [[GNP]] in 1994.<ref name="steel">{{cite web |url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8747.html |title=Mexico - Industry |publisher=Country-data.com |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610100723/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8747.html |archive-date=June 10, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mexico's [[steel industry]] is centered in Monterrey, where the country's first steel mills opened in 1903. Steel processing plants in Monterrey, privatized in 1986, accounted for about half of Mexico's total steel output in the early 1990s.<ref name="steel" />

Monterrey was ranked 94th worldwide and fifth in Latin America in terms of Quality of Life according to Mercer Human Resource Consulting (2006),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mercerhr.com.pr/pressrelease/details.jhtml/dynamic/idContent/1222465;jsessionid=HBZKUMSRFA5FKCTGOUGCHPQKMZ0QUJLW |title=Mercer Human Resource Consulting (2006) |publisher=Mercerhr.com.pr |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312023025/http://www.mercerhr.com.pr/pressrelease/details.jhtml/dynamic/idContent/1222465%3Bjsessionid%3DHBZKUMSRFA5FKCTGOUGCHPQKMZ0QUJLW |archive-date=March 12, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was ranked second in 2005 and fourth in 2006, according to América Economía.

Some of the shopping malls in the city include [[Paseo San Pedro]], Paseo La Fe, [[Plaza Fiesta San Agustín]], [[Galerías Monterrey]], and [[Galerías Valle Oriente]].

In March 2023, [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] announced that it would build a new [[gigafactory]]—[[Gigafactory Mexico]]—near Monterrey. The factory will be a ~US$10 billion dollar investment, and will employ thousands of workers when fully operational, as well as employ many thousands of workers during construction.<ref name=bb20230307>{{cite news |title=New Tesla Gigafactory Marks Mexico's Manufacturing Golden Moment |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-03-07/supply-chain-latest-new-tesla-gigafactory-is-key-success-for-mexico |work=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |date=March 7, 2023 |access-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016182454/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-03-07/supply-chain-latest-new-tesla-gigafactory-is-key-success-for-mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{wide image|PanoramicaMonterrey.jpg|800px|[[Panoramic image]] of Monterrey}}

==Culture==
The [[2007 Universal Forum of Cultures]] was an international cultural event held in Monterrey from September 20 to December 8, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monterreyforum2007.org/index.php |title=Fórum Universal de las Culturas 2007 |publisher=monterreyforum2007.org |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312041125/http://www.monterreyforum2007.org/index.php |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Cuisine===
[[File:Cabritos in Monterrey.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cabrito]] (kid goat) is Monterrey's most popular traditional dish]]
The most traditional dish from Monterrey is ''[[cabrito]]'',<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jZ4I92OHP90C&q=cabrito+al+pastor+Monterrey&pg=PT168 |title=Live Better South of the Border in ... – Google Books |access-date=June 30, 2009 |isbn=978-1-55591-546-9 |date=July 19, 2005 |last1=Nelson |first1=Mexico Mike |publisher=Fulcrum |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016182455/https://books.google.com/books?id=jZ4I92OHP90C&q=cabrito+al+pastor+Monterrey&pg=PT168#v=snippet&q=cabrito%20al%20pastor%20Monterrey&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> kid goat cooked on embers. Other local dishes and customs that perhaps date back to the [[Crypto-Judaism]] of Monterrey's founding families are the "semita" (bread without leavening), the [[capirotada]] dessert (a mix of cooked bread, cheese, raisins, peanuts, and crystallized sugarcane juice), and the relative absence of pork dishes. Another famous local dish is ''[[machacado con huevo]]''.

''[[Carne asada]]'' on weekends remains a tradition among Monterrey families. It is usually served with grilled onions, baked potatoes and [[sausage]]s or chopped as [[taco]]s. Locally brewed beer and cola are an almost mandatory part of the weekly ritual. "Glorias" and "obleas", made from goat milk, are both traditional Nuevo León desserts.

Monterrey has a wide gastronomic variety due to its climate geography, climate, texture, a mixture of ethnics groups, and their influences, a series of unique dishes have been created through more than 400 years of history.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

===Chinatown===
After the USMCA was ratified, an industrial [[Chinatown]] with signs in both Spanish and Chinese formed in Monterrey to take advantage of tariff free trade with the United States given its proximity to [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/18/business/mexico-china-industry-trump-tariffs/index.html|title=An industrial Chinatown near the US southern border readies its options should Trump tariffs come|website=[[CNN]] |date=January 18, 2025 |first1=David|last1=Culver|first2=Yong|last2=Xiong|first3=Norma|last3=Galeana|first4=Evelio|last4=Contreras|first5=Rachel|last5=Clarke}}</ref>

===Contemporary music===
{{see also|Category:Musical groups from Monterrey}}
Since the 1960s, Monterrey has been known for "Norteño" music. Bands like Ramon Ayala, Pesado, Duelo and other Mexican "regional" bands perform at the clubs. Monterrey has witnessed the birth of several bands that have become internationally acclaimed. Their genres vary considerably. Bands include [[Plastilina Mosh]], [[Control Machete]], [[Kinky (band)|Kinky]], [[El Gran Silencio]], [[Celso Pina]], [[Jumbo (band)|Jumbo]], [[Division Minuscula]], [[Genitallica]], [[3Ball MTY]], [[The Warning (Mexican band)|The Warning]], GAMA, Los Claxons. The song "Los Oxidados" by Plastilina Mosh opened the 2005 movie ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 film)|Mr. & Mrs. Smith]]''.

===Landmarks===
[[File:Antiguo Palacio Federal, Monterrey.jpg|thumb|Seat of LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano]]
[[File:Museo Regional de Nuevo León ( El Obispado ) 19.jpg|thumb|Ex-Bishop of Monterrey [[Palacio del Obispado|Palace]] in [[Cerro del Obispado|Bishop Slope]]]]
[[File:Cerro de la Silla - Flickr - eperales.jpg|thumb|[[Santa Lucía riverwalk|Santa Lucía]] artificial river over [[Fundidora Park]]]]

* The [[Santa Lucía riverwalk|Santa Lucía]] artificial river, built between 1996 and 2007. It currently joins the [[Macroplaza]] with the [[Fundidora Park]].
* The [[Cerro de la Silla]] (Saddle Mountain).
* The [[Macroplaza]], [[List of city squares by size|the 8th largest city square in the world]], is the cultural and administrative heart of the city featuring remarkable monuments, green areas and buildings. Its development was overseen by [[Ángela Alessio Robles]] in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Figueroa |first=Laureana Martínez |date=2020-01-01 |title=Ángela Alessio Robles. La ingeniera que abrió brecha |url=https://www.academia.edu/82844083 |journal=Ingenieros de profesión, arquitectos de vocación. 25 protagonistas de la arquitectura mexicana del siglo XX. Iván San Martín Córdova, coordinador. |access-date=March 10, 2024 |archive-date=August 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825084113/https://www.academia.edu/82844083 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Faro del Comercio]] (Lighthouse of Commerce), another trademark of the city. This monument beams a [[laser|green laser]] around the city at night.
* [[Barrio Antiguo]] (lit. ''Old neighborhood'' or old town) is the historical urban center of the city of Monterrey. There are preserved houses from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Nowadays bars, cafes, art galleries and restaurants can be found there. In November of every year the ''Festival Cultural Barrio Antiguo'' takes place with national and international artists and performers. In recent years this festival has been replaced with the ''Festival Internacional de Santa Lucia'', which now takes place in September.
* [[Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey|The Museum of Modern Art]] is a post-modern Mexican architecture designed by [[Ricardo Legorreta]] with the objective of creating different ambiances for artists and visitors from all around the world.
* Monterrey's [[Inukshuk]] is one of only a handful of authentic examples to be found outside Canada of these stone monuments from the high Arctic. The sculpture was created in situ by the Inuit artist [[Bill Nasogaluak]] in 2007 and was a gift to the state of Nuevo León from the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and the Government of Canada.
* [[Fundidora Park]] is a large urban park that contains old foundry buildings, 120&nbsp;hectares of natural ambiance, artificial lakes, playgrounds, alternative cinema (Cineteca), museum (Photo Collection, the State Plastic Arts Collection, Exhibits and Spaces), hotel, auditorium and convention center.
* [[Puente de la Unidad]] (sometimes called ''Puente Atirantado'') is a suspension bridge that crosses the Santa Catarina River and joins [[San Pedro Garza García]] with Monterrey.
* The [[Alfa Planetarium]] is the first [[IMAX]] dome built in Latin America and fourth in the world.
* [[Palacio de Gobierno (Nuevo León)|The Government Palace of Nuevo León]] is a pink marble of Neoclassical architecture where the governor's office is located.
* El [[Cerro del Obispado]] (Bishopric Hill) which includes a public, scenic lookout called [[Mirador del Obispado]], a [[Banderas monumentales|Monumental flag]] and the museum inside the [[Palacio del Obispado]] (the Bishopric Palace).
* [[ITESM]], ITESM has two distinctive buildings CEDES which houses the administration of the ITESM nationwide system and the CETEC which houses the main computer classroom and other offices.
* [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery]] (Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma), with its 19th-century buildings and where the national Baseball Hall of Fame ([[Salón de la Fama del Beisbol Profesional de México|Salón de la Fama]]) is located.
* The [[Cola de Caballo]] (Horse Tail) waterfall, on the mountains near the towns of Santiago and El Cercado, about {{cvt|35|km|mi}} south.
* On the way to the Cola de Caballo waterfall (Carretera Nacional going to Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas), in Santiago, the Presa Rodrigo Gomez or "La Boca" ("La Boca" Dam)<ref name="La_Boca_Dam_1">{{cite web |url=http://www.tododemonterrey.com/excursiones.htm#Presa%20de%20La%20Boca |title=Presa de La Boca |publisher=Tododemonterrey.com |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208213522/http://tododemonterrey.com/excursiones.htm#Presa%20de%20La%20Boca |archive-date=December 8, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="La_Boca_Dam_2">{{cite news |url=http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=45394 |title=Local &#124; Proyectan Parque Acuático en Presa de La Boca |newspaper=El Porvenir |access-date=July 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221143751/http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=45394 |archive-date=December 21, 2008 }}</ref> lays nested between green hills.
* The Museum of Mexican History<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3museos.com/themes/3museos.html |title=Museo de Historia Mexicana - Museo del Noreste - Museo del Palacio |access-date=October 1, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815024135/http://www.3museos.com/themes/3museos.html |archive-date=August 15, 2015 }}</ref> is the most representative and visited museum of the North of the Republic, fulfilling its purpose of spreading the historical content of the Mexican cultural heritage.
* [[LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano]] is a citizen laboratory located in the center of the city. This public space of collective creation develops projects for the common benefit of local communities.

===Media===
Monterrey is an important producer and broadcaster of media and entertainment in Mexico. [[Grupo Multimedios]] operates 4 television channels in the city, and [[XHAW-TDT]] is the [[flagship (broadcasting)|flagship]] of the near-national network [[Canal 6 (Mexico)|Canal 6]], which also airs as a cable network in the United States. National broadcasting networks [[Televisa]] and [[Azteca (multimedia company)|Azteca]] have local stations for all of their major channels, along with the non-commercial broadcasters such as [[Canal Once (Mexico)|Once]] and [[XEIMT-TDT|Canal 22]] networks. The state of Nuevo León and [[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León|UANL]] also maintain television stations.

[[Grupo Reforma]], one of the most widely read newsources in Mexico originated in the city with the newspaper [[El Norte (Monterrey)|El Norte]]. [[Milenio Diario|Milenio Diario de Monterrey]], published by [[Grupo Multimedios]], is another newspaper of high distribution, daily printing local editions in the most important Mexican cities. Other local newspapers include ''El Porvenir'', ''El Horizonte'', and ''ABC''. Northern Mexico's weekly business newspaper ''[[Biznews]]'' is also headquartered in Monterrey.

Monterrey also has [[List of radio stations in Nuevo León|several radio stations]] broadcasting news, music, entertainment, and culture for the city. The main radio broadcasting groups are [[Grupo Multimedios|Multimedios Radio]], Grupo Radio Alegría and Nucleo Radio Monterrey.

===Sports===
The city hosted 8 matches during the [[1986 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name="fifa-1986">{{cite web |url=http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1986/wc86index.html |title=Planet World Cup – 1986 – Results |publisher=PlanetWorldCup.com |access-date=July 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403154022/http://www.planetworldcup.com/CUPS/1986/wc86index.html |archive-date=April 3, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city will host matches during the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026 |title=FIFA announces hosts cities for FIFA World Cup 2026™ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228153555/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[FINA World Junior Swimming Championships]] were held in Monterrey in the summer of 2008 at the University of Nuevo Leon (UANL),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uanl.mx |title=Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León |access-date=October 20, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023035958/http://www.uanl.mx/ |archive-date=October 23, 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> after the completion of a world-class and FINA-approved Aquatic Center. Also the city wanted to bid for the [[2016 Summer Olympics]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1150304681.html |title=GamesBids.com – Monterrey Mexico Considers 2016 Summer Olympic Bid |publisher=gamesbids.com |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212075501/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1150304681.html |archive-date=December 12, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but the Mexican Olympic Committee refused to support it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/index.php?news=1189691186 |title=GamesBids.com – Mexico's Olympic Committee Rejects Monterrey's 2016 Olympic Bid |publisher=gamesbids.com |access-date=June 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212083435/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/index.php?news=1189691186 |archive-date=December 12, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Backed by a young people's movement, students of the universities of Monterrey formed the Monterrey 2014 Foundation with the purpose of hosting the [[2014 Summer Youth Olympics]]. In 2009, the Mexican Olympic Committee gave the bid to [[Guadalajara]] which later on withdrew the bid late January 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.milenio.com/node/366309/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126083848/http://www.milenio.com/node/366309 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 26, 2010 |title=Guadalajara ya no será candidata &#124; Milenio.com |access-date=January 24, 2010 }}</ref> Monterrey was [[Monterrey bid for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics|bidding]] for the [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/youth-olympics/2018/12783-monterrey-steps-up-bid-for-2018-summer-youth-olympics |title=Monterrey steps up bid for 2018 Summer Youth Olympics - insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |work=insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |publisher=insidethegames.biz |date=April 26, 2011 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224103409/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/youth-olympics/2018/12783-monterrey-steps-up-bid-for-2018-summer-youth-olympics |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |url-status=live |last1=Gold |first1=David }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://monterrey2014.blogspot.com/ |title=MONTERREY 2014 - Ciudad Aspirante a los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud |publisher=Monterrey2014.blogspot.com |date=February 28, 2004 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111191132/http://monterrey2014.blogspot.com/ |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Again, in February 2012, the [[Mexican Olympic Committee]] chose [[Guadalajara]] as a candidate for the [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aroundtherings.com/articles/view.aspx?id=39241 |title=Guadalajara chosen over Monterrey for 2018 Youth Olympic Games |publisher=arountherings.com |access-date=February 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112085609/http://aroundtherings.com/articles/view.aspx?id=39241 |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but was eliminated by the [[International Olympic Committee]] to advance to the final round.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=37505&Language=es |title=IOC shortlists three Candidate Cities for 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games |publisher=fivb.org |access-date=February 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112083944/http://www.fivb.org/viewPressRelease.asp?No=37505&Language=es |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since then, the Foundation Monterrey Olympic City A.C., the new name of this group of young citizens,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ciudadolimpica.org.mx |title=Fundación Monterrey Ciudad Olímpica AC |publisher=ciudadolimpica.org.mx |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520224925/http://ciudadolimpica.org.mx/ |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> are working on a project bid for the [[2023 Summer Youth Olympics]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/Monterrey2023/ |title=Monterrey 2023 Summer Youth Olympic Games |publisher=ciudadolimpica.org.mx |access-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-date=March 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310134002/https://www.facebook.com/Monterrey2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and then apply for the [[2028 Summer Olympics]].
[[File:Estadio_BBVA_Bancomer_(1).jpg|left|thumb|[[Estadio BBVA]]]]

Monterrey has two [[Association football|football]] teams in the Mexican league. The [[Club de Fútbol Monterrey|C.F. Monterrey]], commonly known as the ''Rayados del Monterrey'', uses the [[Estadio BBVA Bancomer]], a facility sponsored by [[BBVA Bancomer]] and other important businesses. The [[Tigres UANL]], owned by [[CEMEX]],<ref name="cemex-tig">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601079&sid=as7oVWUYzeHw |title=Cemex Hard Times May Get Tougher If Soccer Team Falls to Minors |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=July 3, 2009 |date=May 8, 2009 |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016182534/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics?pid=20601079&sid=as7oVWUYzeHw |url-status=live }}</ref> host matches at [[Estadio Universitario (UANL)|Estadio Universitario]], on the main campus of the [[UANL]]. Both teams are related to the city on the [[Local derby|derby]], called [[Clásico Regiomontano]]. During the match, most of the city watches in bars, clubs, and family homes. It was proposed to build a stadium for both teams, the "[[Estadio Internacional Monterrey]]",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.estadiointernacionalmonterrey.com |title=Official Site |publisher=Estadiointernacionalmonterrey.com |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207165150/http://estadiointernacionalmonterrey.com/ |archive-date=February 7, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but both teams rejected the idea. The project is still being promoted, but the UANL Tigres have yet to finish their stadium contract and the ''Rayados'' just inaugurated a new stadium of their own. Club de Fútbol Monterrey recently opened a new stadium with a capacity of 50,000. It was scheduled to be finished by 2014, named "[[Estadio de Fútbol Monterrey]]", but was inaugurated on August 2, 2015, in a match with [[Benfica FC]]. Rayados won, 3–0. Before the inauguration, the name was changed to [[Estadio BBVA Bancomer]]. It will remain the club's property for 50 years before becoming government property.

In addition, two professional [[indoor soccer]] teams were hosted in the past, the [[Monterrey La Raza (1992–2001)|Monterrey La Raza]], members of the [[Continental Indoor Soccer League]] and [[World Indoor Soccer League]] and the [[Monterrey Fury]], members of the [[Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008)|Major Indoor Soccer League]]. The city was [[Monterrey La Raza (2007–10)|awarded another franchise to begin play in the fall of 2007]] in the [[Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008)|MISL]].

[[File:Estadio de beisbol en Monterrey.jpg|thumb|left|[[Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey]]]]
Baseball has a long history in the city, where it became the most popular sport during the early 20th century. Monterrey has been champion of the [[Little League World Series]] three times (1957, 1958 and 1997), and has been host of [[Major League Baseball]] games. The [[Sultanes de Monterrey]] are a Mexican League baseball team in the Northern Division. They have won the national title several times. The team was formed May 20, 1939, as Carta Blanca (a local beer brand, owned by Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery which owned the team). The team was also known as the gray ghosts. Soon, they became one of the most important teams in the league, winning its first championship in 1943. The Sultanes play in the [[Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey]], the largest baseball stadium in Mexico.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} In 2003, the city unsuccessfully attempted to buy (and relocate to Monterrey) the [[Montreal Expos|Montreal Expos franchise]] of [[Major League Baseball]].

There are two professional basketball teams: [[Fuerza Regia]] that plays in the national league, [[Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional]], and the [[Monterrey Poison|Monterrey Venom]] that plays in the minor league [[American Basketball Association (21st century)|American Basketball Association]]. Fuerza Regia used to play at the [[Monterrey Arena]] and now is doing this at Gimnasio Nuevo León while the Monterrey Poison plays at the gymnasium of the ITESM. The city has hosted the [[Champ Car]] race in [[Fundidora Park]] from 2001 to 2005 and hosted the [[A1 Grand Prix|A1 Grand Prix of Nations]] in February 2006.

In 2004, Monterrey hosted the [[World Karate Federation]] Senior World Championships. In April 2004, Monterrey's [[Arena Monterrey]] became the first city to host [[WWE]] in Mexico. In 2007, Monterrey hosted the Women's [[WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships]]. The city has two college [[American football]] teams, the ''[[Auténticos Tigres UANL]]'' and the ''[[Borregos Salvajes Monterrey|Borregos Salvajes]]'' (ITESM) that play in the National College League ([[ONEFA]]). There is also a local children's league called AFAIM. People can also find golf, fishing, camping, and extreme-sports outdoors near the city ([[bungee jumping]] at [[Cola de Caballo]], [[rock-climbing]], hiking, mountain bike). In particular there is international-level [[rock-climbing]] places like la Huasteca, [[Potrero Chico]] and many other canyons.

Starting 2009 the [[Monterrey Open]] has been held at Monterrey. It is a professional women's tennis tournament affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is part of the International tournaments on the WTA Tour. The [[Monterrey Open (Nationwide Tour event)|Monterrey Open]] was also a golf tournament on the U.S.-based second tier professional [[Nationwide Tour|Nike Tour]], later named the Nationwide Tour and the Korn Ferry Tour, from 1993 to 2001. It was played at the Club Campestre in [[San Pedro Garza García]], a suburb of Monterrey. In 2010, Monterrey hosted the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] World U18 Championship at the [[Monterrey Ice Complex]]. Centauros Rugby Club Monterrey was founded in 2010 and is affiliated with the FMRU (Federacion Mexicana de Rugby).

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
{{Unsourced section|date=March 2025}}
* [[Diego Balleza]], diver
* [[Melissa Barrera]], actress and singer
* [[Erika Buenfil]], actress
* [[Arturo Carmona]], actor and footballer
* [[Cartel de Santa]], hip-hop group
* [[Cepillín]], clown
* [[Aldo de Nigris]], footballer
* [[Antonio de Nigris]], footballer
* [[Poncho de Nigris]], actor
* [[Giovani dos Santos]], footballer
* [[Jonathan dos Santos]], footballer
* [[Samuel García (politician)|Samuel García]], politician
* [[Eugenio Garza Sada]], industrialist and philanthropist
* [[Paulina Goto]], singer-songwriter and retired actress
* [[Konan Big]], wrestler
* [[Humberto Leal Garcia]], convicted murderer; executed for the May 21, 1994, rape, torture, and murder of Adria Sauceda in [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]]
* [[MC Davo]], rapper
* [[Hiram Mier]], footballer
* [[Selma Oxor]], singer-songwriter
* [[Pato O'Ward]], race car driver
* [[Raúl Padilla]], actor and comedian
* [[Adal Ramones]], comedian
* [[Sofía Reyes]], singer-songwriter
* [[Mariana Rodríguez Cantú]], influencer
* [[Armando Sebastian]], artist<ref>{{cite news |title=Art & Life with Armando Sebastian |url=https://voyagedallas.com/interview/art-life-armando-sebastian/ |access-date=9 May 2025 |work=voyagedallas.com |date=6 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[Blanca Soto]], actress and model
* [[Daniel Suárez]], race car driver
* [[Gloria Trevi]], singer and actress
* [[Mariana Treviño]], actress
* [[Alejandra Villarreal]], bassist for The Warning band
* [[Daniela Villarreal]], guitarist/singer for The Warning band
* [[Paulina Villarreal]], drummer/singer for The Warning band and Decidadas Global Award winner

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Mexico}}
Monterrey is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Nuevo León |url=https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/159-nuevo-leon |website=sre.gob.mx |publisher=Secretaría de relaciones exteriores |language=es |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-date=August 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808081818/https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/159-nuevo-leon |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monterrey |url=https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/relacionsinternacionalsicooperacio/ca/monterrey |website=ajuntament.barcelona.cat |publisher=Barcelona |language=ca |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609205201/https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/relacionsinternacionalsicooperacio/ca/monterrey |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Las nueve ciudades con las que está hermanada Bilbao |url=https://bilbaohiria.com/bilbao/las-9-ciudades-con-las-que-esta-hermanada-bilbao/ |website=bilbaohiria.com |publisher=Bilbao Hiria |language=es |date=September 11, 2018 |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231124632/https://bilbaohiria.com/bilbao/las-9-ciudades-con-las-que-esta-hermanada-bilbao/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Relaciones bilaterales |url=https://www.rosario.gob.ar/web/gobierno/internacionales/relaciones-bilaterales |website=rosario.gob.ar |date=April 26, 2019 |publisher=Rosario |language=es |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606144240/https://www.rosario.gob.ar/web/gobierno/internacionales/relaciones-bilaterales |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monterrey |url=http://www.bethlehem-city.org/en/monterrey-2168 |website=bethlehem-city.org |publisher=Bethlehem |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606144156/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/en/monterrey-2168 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities |url=https://www.sanantonio.gov/IRO/Official-Global-Relationships/Sister-Cities |website=sanantonio.gov |publisher=City of San Antonio |access-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513023804/https://www.sanantonio.gov/IRO/Official-Global-Relationships/Sister-Cities |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Barcelona]], Spain (1992)
* {{flagicon|PSE}} [[Bethlehem]], Palestine (1999)
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Bilbao]], Spain (1993)
* {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Cape Town]], South Africa (2016)
* {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], Chile (1997)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dallas]], United States (1992)
* {{flagicon|GTM}} [[Guatemala City]], Guatemala (1998)
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Canada (1993)
* {{flagicon|ROU}} [[Iași]], Romania (1993)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[McAllen, Texas|McAllen]], United States (1999)
* {{flagicon|COL}} [[Medellín]], Colombia (1996)
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Monterrei]], Spain (1999)
* {{flagicon|PHL}} [[Olongapo]], Philippines (1993)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], United States (2002)
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Rosario]], Argentina (1993)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Antonio]], United States (1953)
* {{flagicon|SLV}} [[San Salvador]], El Salvador (1996)
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shenyang]], China (2015)
* {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Surabaya]], Indonesia (2001)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Mexico}}
* [[Symbols of Monterrey]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Monterrey]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Michael |title=Deference and Defiance in Monterrey: Workers, Paternalism, and Revolution in Mexico, 1890-1950 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-81189-7 |series=Cambridge Latin American studies}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Monterrey}}

* [http://www.monterrey.gob.mx/ Government of the City of Monterrey]
{{Monterrey}}
{{Nuevo León}}
{{Monterrey metropolitan area}}
{{MexicoStateCapitals}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Monterrey]]
[[Category:Cities in Mexico]]
[[Category:Monterrey metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Populated places in Nuevo León]]
[[Category:Capitals of states of Mexico]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1596]]
[[Category:1596 establishments in New Spain]]
[[Category:1590s establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:1596 in New Spain]]