Editing Monroe County, Iowa

{{short description|County in Iowa, United States}}
{{Distinguish|Monroe, Iowa}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county        = Monroe County
 | state                = Iowa
 | ex image             = Monroe County, Iowa Courthouse.jpg
 | ex image size        = 240px
 | ex image cap         = The [[Monroe County Courthouse (Iowa)|courthouse]] in Albia is on the [[National Register of Historic Places|NRHP]]
 | seal                 = 
 | founded year         = 1843
 | founded date         = 
 | seat wl              = Albia
 | largest city wl      = Albia
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 434
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 434
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 0.6
 | area percentage      = 0.1
 | population_as_of     = 2020
 | population_total     = 7577
 | pop_est_as_of        = 2023
 | population_est       = 7504 {{loss}}
 | density_sq_mi        = auto
 | time zone           = Central
 | web                  = https://monroecounty.iowa.gov/
 | district             = 3rd }}

'''Monroe County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the south central part of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Iowa]]. In the early 20th century, it was a center of [[bituminous coal]] mining and in 1910 had a population of more than 25,000. As mining declined, people moved elsewhere for work. In the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 7,577.<ref name=cen2020>{{cite web |title=2020 Census State Redistricting Data |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Iowa/ |website=census.gov |publisher=United states Census Bureau |access-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> The [[county seat]] is [[Albia, Iowa|Albia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> The county, originally called '''Kishkekosh County''' after a famous chief of the [[Meskwaki]],<ref name=Stanek>{{cite book|last=Stanek|first=Edward and Jacqueline|title=Iowa's Magnificent County Courthouses|year=1976|publisher=Wallace-Homestead|location=Des Moines|page=142|isbn=0-87069-189-9}}</ref> was renamed for [[James Monroe]], fifth [[List of presidents of the United States|President]] of the United States.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gannett|first=Henry|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ|year=1905|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n211 212]}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|434|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|434|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.6|sqmi}} (0.1%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

===Major highways===
*[[Image:US 34.svg|x20px]] [[U.S. Route 34 in Iowa|U.S. Highway 34]]
*[[Image:Circle sign 5.svg|x20px]] [[Iowa Highway 5]]
*[[Image:Elongated circle 137.svg|x20px]] [[Iowa Highway 137]]

===Adjacent counties===
*[[Marion County, Iowa|Marion County]] (northwest)
*[[Mahaska County, Iowa|Mahaska County]] (northeast)
*[[Wapello County, Iowa|Wapello County]] (east)
*[[Appanoose County, Iowa|Appanoose County]] (south)
*[[Lucas County, Iowa|Lucas County]] (west)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 2884
|1860= 8612
|1870= 12724
|1880= 13719
|1890= 13666
|1900= 17985
|1910= 25429
|1920= 23467
|1930= 15010
|1940= 14553
|1950= 11814
|1960= 10463
|1970= 9357
|1980= 9209
|1990= 8114
|2000= 8016
|2010= 7970
|2020= 7577
|estyear=2023
|estimate=7504
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 20, 2014}}</ref><br/>1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=July 20, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ia190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 20, 2014}}</ref><br/>1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 20, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2018<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19/19135.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 20, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607071929/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19/19135.html|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref>
}}
[[File:MonroeCountyIowaPop22020.png|thumb|right|Population of Monroe County from US census data]]

===2020 census===
[[File:MonroeCountyIA2022PopPyr.png|thumb|left|2022 US Census [[population pyramid]] for Monroe County from [[American Community Survey|ACS]] 5-year estimates]]
The 2020 census recorded a population of 7,577 in the county, with a population density of {{Pop density|7577|432.434102|sqmi|km2}}. 96.86% of the population reported being of one race. 93.81% were non-Hispanic White, 0.25% were Black, 1.54% were Hispanic, 0.17% were Native American, 0.21% were Asian, 0.03% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 3.99% were some other race or more than one race. There were 3,636 housing units, of which 3,116 were occupied.<ref name=cen2020/>

===2010 census===
The 2010 census recorded a population of 7,970 in the county, with a population density of {{Pop density|7970|433.41|sqmi|km2}}. There were 3,884 housing units, of which 3,213 were occupied.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-17.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016010401/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-17.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2020 |url-status=live|title=Population & Housing Occupancy Status 2010|publisher=United States Census Bureau – American FactFinder|access-date=August 15, 2022}}</ref>

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 8,016 people, 3,228 households, and 2,211 families in the county. The population density was {{convert|18|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 3,588 housing units at an average density of {{convert|8|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] of the county was 98.40% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. 0.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 3,228 households, 30.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.20% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.50% were non-families. 28.00% of households were one person, and 15.30% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.30% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 25.00% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.60 males.

The median household income was $34,877 and the median family income was $41,611. Males had a median income of $31,667 versus $21,401 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,155. About 5.60% of families and 9.00% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 12.20% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.
[[File:Kishkekosh, A Chief of the Fox Indians - History of Iowa.jpg|thumb|right|Chief Kishkekosh of the Meskwaki, after whom the county was originally named]]

==Communities==
===Cities===
{{div col}}
*[[Albia, Iowa|Albia]]
*[[Eddyville, Iowa|Eddyville]]
*[[Lovilia, Iowa|Lovilia]]
*[[Melrose, Iowa|Melrose]]
{{div col end}}

===Unincorporated communities===
{{div col}}
*[[Avery, Iowa|Avery]]
*[[Tyrone, Iowa|Tyrone]]
{{div col end}}

===Ghost town===
*[[Buxton, Iowa|Buxton]], the largest town with a majority-black population in the early 20th century

===Townships===
{{div col}}
* [[Bluff Creek Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Bluff Creek]]
* [[Cedar Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Cedar]]
* [[Franklin Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Franklin]]
* [[Guilford Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Guilford]]
* [[Jackson Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Jackson]]
* [[Mantua Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Mantua]]
* [[Monroe Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Monroe]]
* [[Pleasant Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Pleasant]]
* [[Troy Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Troy]]
* [[Union Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Union]]
* [[Urbana Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Urbana]]
* [[Wayne Township, Monroe County, Iowa|Wayne]]
{{div col end}}

===Population ranking===
The population ranking of the following table is based on the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] of Monroe County.<ref name=cen2020/>

'''†''' ''county seat''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Rank
!City/Town/etc.
!Municipal type
!Population (2020 Census)

|- style="background-color:#FFFACD;"
| 1
|'''†''' '''[[Albia, Iowa|Albia]]''' 
| City
| 3,721
|- style="background-color:#FFFACD;"
| 2
|'''[[Eddyville, Iowa|Eddyville]]''' (''mostly in [[Mahaska County, Iowa|Mahaska]] and [[Wapello County, Iowa|Wapello Counties]]'') 
| City
| 970
|- style="background-color:#FFFACD;"
| 3
|'''[[Moravia, Iowa|Moravia]]''' (''mostly in [[Appanoose County, Iowa|Appanoose County]]'')
| City
| 637
|- style="background-color:#FFFACD;"
| 4
|'''[[Lovilia, Iowa|Lovilia]]''' 
| City
| 472
|- style="background-color:#FFFACD;"
| 5
|'''[[Melrose, Iowa|Melrose]]''' 
| City
| 110
|}

==Politics==
{{PresHead|place=Monroe County, Iowa|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=April 27, 2018}}</ref>|source2=<ref>The leading "other" candidate, [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]], received 1,121 votes, while Socialist candidate [[Eugene V. Debs|Eugene Debs]] received 104 votes, [[Prohibition Party|Prohibition]] candidate [[Eugene W. Chafin|Eugene Chafin]] received 86 votes.</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|3,104|1,002|52|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|2,975|1,078|35|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|2,638|1,056|171|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|2,026|1,731|73|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|2,000|1,798|76|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|2,067|1,855|41|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|1,858|1,699|90|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|1,272|1,884|357|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|1,323|1,829|630|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|1,313|2,338|16|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|1,927|2,342|22|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|2,003|1,866|248|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|1,581|2,360|55|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|2,357|1,736|62|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|2,143|2,240|322|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|1,588|3,186|17|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|2,922|2,459|10|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|2,984|2,616|12|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|3,219|2,785|38|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|2,371|3,445|110|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|2,625|3,258|46|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|3,270|3,994|72|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|3,001|4,205|255|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|2,458|3,716|252|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|4,060|2,819|102|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|4,098|1,388|2,562|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|4,500|2,081|771|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|2,144|2,095|510|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1912|Progressive|1,385|1,485|2,412|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|2,686|1,979|542|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|3,249|1,182|795|Iowa}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|2,233|1,705|388|Iowa}}
{{PresFoot|1896|Democratic|1,836|2,086|96|Iowa}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Iowa}}
*[[Monroe County Courthouse (Iowa)|Monroe County Courthouse]]
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Iowa]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}<!-- for current and future use if material is uploaded -->
*[http://monroecoia.us County website]
*[http://www.albiachamber.org Albia Area Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.mchalbia.com/ Monroe County Hospital]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Monroe County, Iowa
|North     = 
|Northeast = [[Mahaska County, Iowa|Mahaska County]]
|East      = [[Wapello County, Iowa|Wapello County]]
|Southeast = 
|South     = [[Appanoose County, Iowa|Appanoose County]]
|Southwest = 
|West      = [[Lucas County, Iowa|Lucas County]]
|Northwest = [[Marion County, Iowa|Marion County]]
}}

{{Monroe County, Iowa}}
{{Iowa}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|41|01|42|N|92|52|12|W|region:US-IA_type:adm2nd_source:dewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Monroe County, Iowa| ]]
[[Category:1843 establishments in Iowa Territory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1843]]