Editing Mission San Juan Bautista

{{Short description|18th-century Spanish mission in California}}
{{About|Mission San Juan Bautista in California|other missions named "San Juan Bautista"}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox Missions
| image = Mission San Juan Bautista.jpg
| caption = A view of the Mission San Juan Bautista and its three-bell ''campanario'' ("bell wall"). Two of the bells were salvaged by Father Nick Senf in 2009 from the original chime, which was destroyed in the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]].
| name = Mission San Juan Bautista
| location = 406 2nd Street<br />[[San Juan Bautista, California]] 95045
| originalname = ''La Misión del Glorios Precursor de Jesu Cristo, Nuestro Señor San Juan Bautista''&nbsp;<ref>Bennett 1897b, p. 153</ref>
| translation = The Mission of the Glorious Precursor of [[Jesus Christ]], Our Lord, Saint [[John the Baptist]]
| namesake = [[John the Baptist|Saint John the Baptist]]<ref name = "krell241"/>
| nickname = "Mission of Music"&nbsp;<ref>Ruscin, p. 121</ref>
| founded = June 24, 1797&nbsp;<ref>Yenne, p. 132</ref>
| foundedby = Father [[Fermín Lasuén]]&nbsp;<ref>Ruscin, p. 196</ref>
| foundingorder = Fifteenth<ref name = "krell241"/>
| militarydistrict = Third<ref>Forbes, p. 202</ref>
| nativetribe = [[Mutsun]], [[Yokuts people|Yokuts]]<br>''Costeño''
| placename = ''Popeloutchom''&nbsp;<ref>Ruscin, p. 195</ref>
| baptisms = 4,106<ref name = "krell315"/>
| marriages = 1,003<ref name = "krell315"/>
| burials = 2,854<ref name="krell315">Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref>
| secularized = 1835<ref name = "krell241"/>
| returned = 1859<ref name="krell241">Krell, p. 241</ref>
| owner = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey|Diocese of Monterey]]
| currentuse = Parish Church
| coordinates =  {{coord|36.845083|N|121.535889|W|type:landmark_region:UA-CA|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = California
| relief = 1
| designation1 = California
| designation1_number = #195
| website = http://www.oldmissionsjb.org/
}}
'''Mission San Juan Bautista''' is a [[Spanish missions in California|Spanish mission]] in [[San Juan Bautista, California|San Juan Bautista]], [[San Benito County, California]]. Founded on June 24, 1797, by [[Fermín de Lasuén]] of the [[Franciscan]] order, the mission was the [[Spanish missions in California#In chronological order|fifteenth]] of the Spanish missions established in present-day California. Named for [[Saint John the Baptist]], the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista.

Barracks for the soldiers, a nunnery, the [[Jose Castro House]], the [[Plaza Hotel (San Juan Bautista, California)|Plaza Hotel]] and other buildings were constructed around a large grassy plaza in front of the church and can be seen today in their original form. The [[Ohlone]], the original residents of the valley, were brought to live at the mission and baptized, followed by [[Yokuts people|Yokuts]] from the Central Valley. Mission San Juan Bautista has served mass daily since 1797, and today functions as a [[parish]] church of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey|Diocese of Monterey]].

== History ==
[[File:Mission San Juan Bautista (SJB, CA) - church interior, sanctuary decorated for Easter.jpg|thumb|left|The church [[chancel]] with [[Easter]] decoration]]
[[Image:Mission San Juan Bautista taken sometime between 1880 and 1910.jpg|thumb|A photograph of Mission San Juan Bautista taken between 1880 and 1910. The steeple (far right), constructed after the mission was secularized, was subsequently destroyed in a fire.]]
[[File:Aerial view of Mission San Juan Bautista.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of Mission San Juan Bautista]]

Following its creation in 1797, San Juan's population grew quickly. By 1803, there were 1,036 Native Americans living at the mission. Ranching and farming activity had moved apace, with 1,036 cattle, 4,600 sheep, 22 swine, 540 horses and 8 mules counted that year. At the same time, the harvest of wheat, barley and corn was estimated at 2,018 fanegas, each of about 220 pounds.
[[File:Mission San Juan Bautista California - Entrance Bell.jpg|thumb|175 px|Entrance Bell]]
Father [[Pedro Estévan Tápis]] (who had a special talent for music) joined Father [[Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta]], at Mission San Juan Bautista in 1815 to teach singing to the Native Americans. He employed a system of notation developed in Spain that uses varied colors or textures for polyphonic music, usually (from bottom to top) solid black, solid red, black outline (sometimes solid yellow) and red outline (or black outline when yellow was used). His choir of Native American boys performed for many visitors, earning the San Juan Bautista Mission the nickname "the Mission of Music." Two of his handwritten choir books are preserved at the San Juan Bautista Museum. When Father Tapis died in 1825 he was buried on the mission grounds. The town of San Juan Bautista, which grew up around the mission, expanded rapidly during the [[California Gold Rush]] and continues to be a thriving community today.

The mission is situated adjacent to the [[San Andreas Fault]], and has suffered damage from numerous [[earthquake]]s, such as those of 1800 and 1906. However, the mission was never entirely destroyed at once. It was restored initially in 1884, and then again in 1949 with funding from the [[Hearst Foundation]]. The three-bell ''campanario'', or "bell wall," located by the church entrance, was fully restored in 2010. An unpaved stretch of the original [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]], just east of the mission, lies on a fault scarp.<ref>Robert Iacopi, ''Earthquake Country'' (Menlo Park:Lane Publishing, 2004, 1971).</ref>

Although initially [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularized]] in 1835, the church was reconsecrated by the [[Catholic Church]] in 1859, and continues to serve as a parish of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California|Diocese of Monterey]]. The mission includes a cemetery, with the remains of over 4,000 Native American converts and Europeans buried there.

The mission and its grounds were featured prominently in the 1958 [[Alfred Hitchcock]] film ''[[Vertigo (film)|Vertigo]]''. Associate producer Herbert Coleman's daughter Judy Lanini suggested the mission to Hitchcock as a filming location. A steeple, added sometime after the mission's original construction and secularization, had been demolished following a fire, so Hitchcock added a bell tower using scale models, matte paintings, and trick photography at the [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] studio in Los Angeles. The tower does not resemble the original steeple. The tower's staircase was assembled inside a studio.

==See also==
* [[Spanish missions in California]]
* [[List of Spanish missions in California]]
* [[Rancho San Justo]]
* [[Teatro Campesino]]
* [[USNS Mission San Juan (T-AO-126)|USNS ''Mission San Juan'' (AO-126)]] – a [[USNS Mission Buenaventura (T-AO-111)|''Buenaventura'']] Class [[Replenishment oiler|fleet oiler]] built during [[World War II]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}

* {{cite journal|last=Bennett|first=John E.|date=February 1897b|title=Should the California Missions Be Preserved? – Part II|journal=Overland Monthly|volume=XXIX|issue=170|pages=150–161}}
* {{cite book|author=Forbes, Alexander|year=1839|title=California: A History of Upper and Lower California|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NH4FAAAAQAAJ|publisher=Smith, Elder and Co.|location= Cornhill, London}}
* {{cite book|editor1=Jones, Terry L. |editor2=Kathryn A. Klar |year=2007|title=California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity|publisher=Altimira Press|location= Landham, MD|isbn=978-0759108721}}
* {{cite book|editor=Krell, Dorothy|year=1979|title=The California Missions: A Pictorial History|publisher=Sunset Publishing Corporation|location= Menlo Park, CA|isbn=0376051728}}
* {{cite book|author=Leffingwell, Randy|year=2005|title=California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions|publisher=Voyageur Press, Inc.|location= Stillwater, MN|isbn=0896584925}}
* {{cite book|author=Levy, Richard.|editor=William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer|year=1978|title=Handbook of North American Indians|volume=8 (California)|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|location= Washington, DC|isbn=0160045789 |pages=486}}
* {{cite book|author=Milliken, Randall|year=1995|title=A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769–1910|publisher=Ballena Press Publication|location= Menlo Park, CA|isbn=0879191325}}
* {{cite book|editor=Paddison, Joshua|year=1999|title=A World Transformed: Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush|publisher=Heyday Books|location= Berkeley, CA|isbn=1890771139|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/worldtransformed00josh}}
* {{cite book|author=Ruscin, Terry|year=1999|title=Mission Memoirs|publisher=Sunbelt Publications|location= San Diego, CA|isbn=0932653308}}
* {{cite book|author=Yenne, Bill|year=2004|title=The Missions of California|publisher=Thunder Bay Press|location= San Diego, CA|isbn=1592233198}}

{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.oldmissionsjb.org/ Mission San Juan Bautista] – official site
* [http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/browse/keyword/mission+%22San+Juan+Bautista%22 Early photographs, sketches, land surveys of Mission San Juan Bautista], via Calisphere, California Digital Library
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q202548|title=Vertigo}}
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.ca0558 Listing and photographs of church] at the [[Historic American Buildings Survey]]
* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.ca0557 Listing, drawings and photographs of mission] at the [[Historic American Buildings Survey]]
* [http://friendsofsdarch.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/California-and-Texas-Missions/G0000.vwWpFmwsdM/I0000yZtLtMgD9rQ Another view of the Mission Facade, circa 1980s]
* {{cite web|last=Howser|first=Huell|title=California Missions (105)|url=http://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2000/12/08/california-missions-california-missions-105/|work=California Missions|publisher=[[Chapman University]] Huell Howser Archive|author-link=Huell Howser|date=December 8, 2000}}
* {{GNIS|type=retired|228846}}
* {{Find a Grave cemetery|2157030|Mission San Juan Bautista Cemetery}}

{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California}}
{{California Missions}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1797 establishments in The Californias]]
[[Category:1797 in The Californias]]
[[Category:California Historical Landmarks]]
[[Category:Cemeteries in California]]
[[Category:Churches in San Benito County, California]]
[[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in California]]
[[Category:History museums in California]]
[[Category:History of San Benito County, California]]
[[Category:Museums in San Benito County, California]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in San Benito County, California]]
[[Category:Religious museums in California]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California]]
[[Category:San Juan Bautista, California]]
[[Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in California]]
[[Category:Spanish missions in California|San Juan Bautista]]